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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ننوتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%DB%90" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ونډې</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>خبرې 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مالومات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">پیل</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-مشخصات" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#مشخصات"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>مشخصات</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-مشخصات-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-تاریخچه" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#تاریخچه"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲</span> <span>تاریخچه</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-تاریخچه-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-مرکبات" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#مرکبات"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۳</span> <span>مرکبات</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-مرکبات-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-د_استعمال_ځایونه" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#د_استعمال_ځایونه"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۴</span> <span>د استعمال ځایونه</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-د_استعمال_ځایونه-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-سرچينې" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#سرچينې"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۵</span> <span>سرچينې</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-سرچينې-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مالومات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">روتېنيوم</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ليکنه په بله ژبه کي وګورئ. دا ليکنه په ۱۳۹ ژبو کې شتون لري." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۱۳۹ ژبې</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – افریکانسي" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="افریکانسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%89%B4%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ሩቴኒየም – امهاري" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩቴኒየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="امهاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – اراگونېسي" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="اراگونېسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روثينيوم – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روثينيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روثينيوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روثينيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روثينيوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روثينيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – استورياني" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="استورياني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutel" title="Rutel – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rutel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – اذربایجاني" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="اذربایجاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – باشکير" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="باشکير" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium – بالنی" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ruthénium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="بالنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenyo" title="Rutenyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rutenyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Рутэній – بېلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рутэній" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بېلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Рутэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рутэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – بلغاري" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="রুথিনিয়াম – بنگالي" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুথিনিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="རུ་ཐེ་ནིམ་། – تبتي" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རུ་ཐེ་ནིམ་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="تبتي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniom" title="Ruteniom – برېتون" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ruteniom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="برېتون" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenij" title="Rutenij – بوسني" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rutenij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteni" title="Ruteni – کټلاني" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ruteni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کټلاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenyo" title="Rutenyo – سیبوانوي" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rutenyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="سیبوانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="ڕوتینیۆم – منځنۍ کوردي" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕوتینیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="منځنۍ کوردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – کورسيکاني" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="کورسيکاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – چېکي" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چېکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – چوواشي" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="چوواشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwtheniwm" title="Rwtheniwm – ويلشي" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwtheniwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ويلشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – ډنمارکي" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ډنمارکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – الماني" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρουθήνιο – یوناني" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουθήνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یوناني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – انګليسي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انګليسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – اسپرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="اسپرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteenium" title="Ruteenium – حبشي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ruteenium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="حبشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – باسکي" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="روتنیم – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روتنیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – فینلنډي" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium – فرانسوي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ruthénium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteenium" title="Ruteenium – شمالي فریسیان" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruteenium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="شمالي فریسیان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteni" title="Ruteni – فرائیلیین" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ruteni" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="فرائیلیین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruit%C3%A9iniam" title="Ruitéiniam – ائيرلېنډي" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ruitéiniam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ائيرلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – سکاټلېنډي ګېلک" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="سکاټلېنډي ګېلک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – ګلېشيايي" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ګلېشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="રુથેનિયમ – ګجراتي" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રુથેનિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ګجراتي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutainium" title="Rutainium – مینکس" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rutainium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="مینکس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="רותניום – عبراني" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רותניום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenij" title="Rutenij – کروايشيايي" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rutenij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کروايشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A9nium" title="Ruténium – هنګري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ruténium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنګري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ռութենիում – آرمينيايي" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռութենիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="آرمينيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – انټرلنګوا" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="انټرلنګوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – انډونېزي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انډونېزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – اڊو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="اڊو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAten" title="Rúten – ايسلنډي" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúten" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ايسلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – ایټالوي" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایټالوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ルテニウム – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルテニウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rukyjinme" title="rukyjinme – لوجبان" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rukyjinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="لوجبان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A8niyum" title="Rutèniyum – جاوايي" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rutèniyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="جاوايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="რუთენიუმი – جورجيائي" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუთენიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جورجيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%CA%8At%C9%9Bn%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Rʊtɛnɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Rʊtɛnɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – قازق" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قازق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ರುಥೇನಿಯಮ್ – کناډا" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರುಥೇನಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="کناډا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%85%8C%EB%8A%84" title="루테늄 – کوریایی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루테늄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBteny%C3%BBm" title="Rûtenyûm – کردي" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rûtenyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="کردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – کومی" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="کومی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheniom" title="Rutheniom – کورنيشي" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Rutheniom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="کورنيشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – کرغيزي" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="کرغيزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – لاتیني" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاتیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – لوګزامبورګي" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="لوګزامبورګي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – لمبرگیانی" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="لمبرگیانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutennio" title="Rutennio – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Rutennio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – لومبارډ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="لومبارډ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenis" title="Rutenis – ليتواني" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rutenis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ليتواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C4%93nijs" title="Rutēnijs – لېټواني" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rutēnijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لېټواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Рутени – موکشا" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Рутени" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="موکشا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рутениум – مقدوني" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рутениум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="റുഥീനിയം – مالايالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റുഥീനിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالايالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Рутени – منګولیایی" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Рутени" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="منګولیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯔꯨꯊꯦꯅꯤꯌꯝ – مانی پوری" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯨꯊꯦꯅꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="مانی پوری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – مراټهي" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="مراټهي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – ملایا" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ملایا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ရက်သီနီယမ် – برمایی" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရက်သီနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="برمایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – نيواري" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="نيواري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – هالېنډي" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هالېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – ناروېئي (نائنورسک)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (نائنورسک)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – ناروېئي (بوکمال)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (بوکمال)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A8ni" title="Rutèni – اوکسيټاني" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rutèni" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="اوکسيټاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenii" title="Rutenii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Rutenii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – اوسيټک" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="اوسيټک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਰੂਥੇਨੀਅਮ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਥੇਨੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruten" title="Ruten – پولنډي" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ruten" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteni" title="Ruteni – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ruteni" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="روتھینیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روتھینیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%AAnio" title="Rutênio – پورتګالي" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rutênio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتګالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthinyu" title="Ruthinyu – کېچوا" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ruthinyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="کېچوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – رومانیایی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – اروماني" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="اروماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – سنسکریټ" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="سنسکریټ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A8niu" title="Rutèniu – سارڊيني" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rutèniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="سارڊيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – سیلیسي" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="سیلیسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – سکاټس" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="سکاټس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenijum" title="Rutenijum – سرب-کروشيايي" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rutenijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سرب-کروشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A9nium" title="Ruténium – سلوواکي" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ruténium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenij" title="Rutenij – سلوواني" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rutenij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلوواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheniyaam" title="Rutheniyaam – سومالي" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Rutheniyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="سومالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheniumi" title="Rutheniumi – الباني" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rutheniumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الباني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рутенијум – سربيائي" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рутенијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – سویډنی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویډنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheni" title="Rutheni – سواهېلي" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rutheni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواهېلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உருத்தேனியம் – تامل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருத்தேனியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – تاجکي" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="รูทีเนียม – تايلېنډي" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รูทีเนียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تايلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutinyo" title="Rutinyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rutinyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenyum" title="Rutenyum – ترکي" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rutenyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – تاتار" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="تاتار" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A" title="رۇتېنىي – اويغوري" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رۇتېنىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="اويغوري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Рутеній – اوکرايني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рутеній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکرايني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="روتھینیئم – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روتھینیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniy" title="Ruteniy – اوزبکي" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ruteniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="اوزبکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenii" title="Rutenii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Rutenii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheni" title="Rutheni – وېتنامي" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rutheni" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="وېتنامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenyo" title="Rutenyo – وارۍ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rutenyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="وارۍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌 – وو چینایی" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钌" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چینایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D2%AF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%AF%D0%BC" title="Рүтениүм – کالمک" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Рүтениүм" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="کالمک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="רוטעניום – يديش" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוטעניום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="يديش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – یوروبا" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="یوروبا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌 – چیني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%95" title="釕 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="釕" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%95" title="釕 – کانټوني" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="釕" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کانټوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISalanqwali" title="ISalanqwali – زولو" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ISalanqwali" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="زولو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1086#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="د ژبو خپلمنځي تړنې سمول" class="wbc-editpage">تړنې سمول</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نوم-تشيالونه"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85&action=edit" title="د دې مخ د سرچينې کوډ سمول [e]" accesskey="e"><span>سمول</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85&action=history" title="د دې مخ پخوانۍ بڼې [h]" accesskey="h"><span>پېښليک کتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="اوزارونه" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1086" title="د نښلېدلي اومتوک زېرمتون توکي سره تړنه [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ويکي‌ډېټا توکی</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ښکارېدونکې بڼه"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ps" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r330827">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Ruthenium,  <sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">44</span></sub>Ru</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg/220px-Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg/330px-Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg/440px-Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4216" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0">عمومي خواص</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="نړيواله فونوټيکه الفبا سره ښودل(IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:IPA_for_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ويکيپېډيا:IPA for English (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">/</a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:IPA_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ويکيپېډيا:IPA د انګرېزي (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><span title="'r' in 'rye'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:IPA_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ويکيپېډيا:IPA د انګرېزي (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><span title="long 'oo' in 'food'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">uː</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:IPA_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ويکيپېډيا:IPA د انګرېزي (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><span title="primary stress" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">ˈ</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:IPA_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ويکيپېډيا:IPA د انګرېزي (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><span title="'th' in 'thigh'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">θ</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:IPA_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ويکيپېډيا:IPA د انګرېزي (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><span title="long 'e' in 'bead'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">iː</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:IPA_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ويکيپېډيا:IPA د انګرېزي (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">n</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:IPA_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ويکيپېډيا:IPA د انګرېزي (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><span title="'y' in 'happy'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">i</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:IPA_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ويکيپېډيا:IPA د انګرېزي (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><span title="schwa 'a' in 'about'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">ə</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:IPA_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ويکيپېډيا:IPA د انګرېزي (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><span title="'m' in 'my'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">m</span></a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="نړيواله فونوټيکه الفبا سره ښودل(IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:IPA_for_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ويکيپېډيا:IPA for English (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">/</a></span></span> <br /><span title="English pronunciation respelling" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:Pronunciation_respelling_key&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ويکيپېډيا:Pronunciation respelling key (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><i>roo-<b><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">THEE</span></span></b>-nee-əm</i></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;">Appearance</th><td class="infobox-data">silvery white metallic</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r330827"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0">Ruthenium په <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="دوراني جدول (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">دوراني جدول</a> کې</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; border-width:1px; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:transparent; border:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"> <table class="nogrid" style="background-color:transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium (noble gas)"><img alt="Helium (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium (alkali metal)"><img alt="Lithium (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron (metalloid)"><img alt="Boron (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon (noble gas)"><img alt="Neon (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium (alkali metal)"><img alt="Sodium (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Aluminium (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon (metalloid)"><img alt="Silicon (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon (noble gas)"><img alt="Argon (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium (alkali metal)"><img alt="Potassium (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Calcium (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium (transition metal)"><img alt="Scandium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium (transition metal)"><img alt="Titanium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium (transition metal)"><img alt="Vanadium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium (transition metal)"><img alt="Chromium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese (transition metal)"><img alt="Manganese (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron (transition metal)"><img alt="Iron (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt (transition metal)"><img alt="Cobalt (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel (transition metal)"><img alt="Nickel (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper (transition metal)"><img alt="Copper (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc (transition metal)"><img alt="Zinc (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Gallium (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium (metalloid)"><img alt="Germanium (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic (metalloid)"><img alt="Arsenic (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton (noble gas)"><img alt="Krypton (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium (alkali metal)"><img alt="Rubidium (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Strontium (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium (transition metal)"><img alt="Yttrium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium (transition metal)"><img alt="Zirconium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium (transition metal)"><img alt="Niobium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum (transition metal)"><img alt="Molybdenum (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium (transition metal)"><img alt="Technetium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0; border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium (transition metal)"><img alt="Ruthenium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium (transition metal)"><img alt="Rhodium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium (transition metal)"><img alt="Palladium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver (transition metal)"><img alt="Silver (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium (transition metal)"><img alt="Cadmium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Indium (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Tin (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony (metalloid)"><img alt="Antimony (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium (metalloid)"><img alt="Tellurium (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon (noble gas)"><img alt="Xenon (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium (alkali metal)"><img alt="Caesium (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Barium (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum (lanthanide)"><img alt="Lanthanum (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Cerium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Praseodymium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Neodymium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Promethium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Samarium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Europium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Gadolinium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Terbium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Dysprosium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Holmium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Erbium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Thulium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Ytterbium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Lutetium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium (transition metal)"><img alt="Hafnium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum (transition metal)"><img alt="Tantalum (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten (transition metal)"><img alt="Tungsten (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium (transition metal)"><img alt="Rhenium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium (transition metal)"><img alt="Osmium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium (transition metal)"><img alt="Iridium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum (transition metal)"><img alt="Platinum (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold (transition metal)"><img alt="Gold (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (transition metal)"><img alt="Mercury (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Thallium (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Lead (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Bismuth (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Polonium (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine (metalloid)"><img alt="Astatine (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon (noble gas)"><img alt="Radon (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium (alkali metal)"><img alt="Francium (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Radium (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium (actinide)"><img alt="Actinium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium (actinide)"><img alt="Thorium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium (actinide)"><img alt="Protactinium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium (actinide)"><img alt="Uranium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium (actinide)"><img alt="Neptunium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium (actinide)"><img alt="Plutonium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium (actinide)"><img alt="Americium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium (actinide)"><img alt="Curium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium (actinide)"><img alt="Berkelium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium (actinide)"><img alt="Californium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium (actinide)"><img alt="Einsteinium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium (actinide)"><img alt="Fermium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium (actinide)"><img alt="Mendelevium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium (actinide)"><img alt="Nobelium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium (actinide)"><img alt="Lawrencium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium (transition metal)"><img alt="Rutherfordium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium (transition metal)"><img alt="Dubnium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium (transition metal)"><img alt="Seaborgium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium (transition metal)"><img alt="Bohrium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium (transition metal)"><img alt="Hassium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium (transition metal)"><img alt="Copernicium (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iron (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Fe</a><br />↑<br /><span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%; font-weight:bold;">Ru</span><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/Osmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium">technetium</a> ← <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%; font-weight:bold;">ruthenium</span> → <a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium">rhodium</a> </td> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;">‍ </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="اټومي شمیره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">اټومي شمیره</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>Z</i>)</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data">44</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="گروپ (دوراني جدول) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">گروپ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AF_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پیریود (دوراني جدول) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">پیریود</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_8_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group 8 element (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">group 8</a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="دورې جدول (دوراني جدول) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">period 5</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بلاک (دوراني جدول) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">بلاک</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D-block&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D-block (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">d-block</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_for_sets_of_chemical_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Names for sets of chemical elements (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Element category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="color legend: transition metal" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; width:6px; height:8px; border:1px solid black; background:#ffc0c0"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transition metal (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">transition metal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="معياري اټومي وزن (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">معياري اټومي وزن</a><span style="font-weight:normal;"> (<i>A</i><sub>r</sub>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Val&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کينډۍ:Val (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">کينډۍ:Val</a><sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_configuration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron configuration (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Electron configuration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/Krypton" class="mw-redirect" title="Krypton">Kr</a>] 4d<sup>7</sup> 5s<sup>1</sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><div style="font-weight:normal;">Electrons per shell</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8, 18, 15, 1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0">فزیکي خواص</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%DB%90_%DA%A9%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%BC%DA%A9%D9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="دويلې کيدو ټکى (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">دويلې کيدو ټکى</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2607 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelvin (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">K</a> (2334 °C, 4233 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BC%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="يشناټکی">يشنا ټکی</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4423 K (4150 °C, 7502 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Density&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Density (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Density</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Room_temperature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Room temperature (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">r.t.</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">12.45 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><span style="font-weight:normal;">when liquid, at <abbr title="melting point">m.p.</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data">10.65 g/cm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enthalpy_of_fusion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enthalpy of fusion (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Heat of fusion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">38.59 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilojoule_per_mole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilojoule per mole (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enthalpy_of_vaporization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enthalpy of vaporization (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Heat of vaporization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">619 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molar_heat_capacity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molar heat capacity (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Molar heat capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24.06 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vapor_pressure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vapor pressure (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><b>Vapor pressure</b></a><div style="margin:0 auto;"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Pressure (in Pascal)"><i>P</i></abbr> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(Pa)</span> </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>at <abbr title="Temperature (in kelvins)"><i>T</i></abbr> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(K)</span> </th> <td>2588 </td> <td>2811 </td> <td>3087 </td> <td>3424 </td> <td>3845 </td> <td>4388 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0">اټومي خواص</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidation_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxidation state (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Oxidation states</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">-4, -2, 1,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2, <b>3</b>, <b>4</b>, 5, 6, 7, 8</span> (a mildly <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acid (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">acidic</a> oxide)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electronegativity (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Electronegativity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pauling scale: 2.2 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionization_energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionization energy (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Ionization energies</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r324992">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1st: 710.2 kJ/mol </li><li>2nd: 1620 kJ/mol </li><li>3rd: 2747 kJ/mol </li><li> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_radius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic radius (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Atomic radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">empirical: 134 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Picometre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Picometre (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Covalent_radius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Covalent radius (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Covalent radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">146±7 pm </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0">Miscellanea</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crystal_structure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crystal structure (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Crystal structure</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-packing_of_equal_spheres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-packing of equal spheres (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">hexagonal close-packed</a> (hcp)<div style="float:right;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Hexagonal_close_packed.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for ruthenium"><img alt="Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for ruthenium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/50px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/75px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/100px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="307" /></a><figcaption>Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for ruthenium</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speed_of_sound&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speed of sound (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Speed of sound</a>  <span style="font-weight:normal;">thin rod</span></th><td class="infobox-data">5970 m/s (at 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coefficient_of_thermal_expansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coefficient of thermal expansion (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Thermal expansion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AE%DB%90_%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%87" title="د تودوخې تېرېدنه">د تودوخې تېرېدنه</a></th><td class="infobox-data">117 W/(m·K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrical resistivity and conductivity (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Electrical resistivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">71 nΩ·m (at 0 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetism (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Magnetic ordering</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramagnetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramagnetic (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">paramagnetic</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetic_susceptibility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetic susceptibility (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Magnetic susceptibility</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>χ</i><sub>mol</sub>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">+43.2·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol (298 K)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young%27s_modulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Young's modulus (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Young's modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">447 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shear_modulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shear modulus (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Shear modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">173 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulk_modulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulk modulus (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Bulk modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">220 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poisson%27s_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poisson's ratio (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Poisson ratio</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.30 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Mohs hardness</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6.5 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brinell_hardness_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brinell hardness test (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Brinell hardness</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2160 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAS_Registry_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAS Registry Number (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7440-18-8 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;">Naming</th><td class="infobox-data">after <i><strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-1d349496">Script error: The function "Lang" does not exist.</span></strong></i> (Latin for: medieval <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kievan_Rus%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kievan Rus' (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Kyivska Rus'</a> region)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of chemical element discoveries (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Discovery</a> and first isolation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ernst_Claus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ernst Claus (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Karl Ernst Claus</a> (1844)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0">Main <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_ruthenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotopes of ruthenium (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">isotopes of ruthenium</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="آيسو (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">آيسوټوپ</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_abundance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural abundance (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Abundance</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="نیم ژوند (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">نیم ژوند</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>)</span> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioactive_decay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioactive decay (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Decay mode</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decay_product&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decay product (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Product</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>96</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:right">5.54% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stable_isotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stable isotope (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">stable</a> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Infobox_element/isotopes_decay2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>98</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:right">1.87% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>99</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:right">12.76% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>100</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:right">12.60% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>101</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:right">17.06% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>102</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:right">31.55% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">stable <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Infobox_element/isotopes_decay2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>104</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:right">18.62% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>106</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:center;">syn </td> <td style="text-align:right;">373.59 d </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium-106&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodium-106 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><sup>106</sup>Rh</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="background:#ffc0c0"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Infobox_ruthenium" title="کينډۍ:Infobox ruthenium"><span title="Caliak templat iko" style="">view</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90:Infobox_ruthenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کينډۍ خبرې اترې:Infobox ruthenium (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><span title="Otaan templat iko" style="">talk</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Infobox_ruthenium&action=edit"><span title="Ubah templat iko" style=";">edit</span></a></div>| <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of data references for chemical elements (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">references</a> | <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1086" class="extiw" title="d:Q1086">in Wikidata</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>روتېنيوم</b> (په <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="انگرېزي (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">انگرېزي</a>: <i>Ruthenium</i>) له <a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="کيمياوي توکی">کیمیاوي عناصرو</a> څخه یو دی چې په <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="تناوبي جدول (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">تناوبي جدول</a> کې د <b>Ru</b> سمبول او ۴۴ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%DB%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="اتمي شمېرې (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">اتمي شمېرې</a> په وسیله ښودل شوی دی. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="مشخصات"><span id=".D9.85.D8.B4.D8.AE.D8.B5.D8.A7.D8.AA"></span>مشخصات</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85&action=edit&section=1" title="د سمولو برخه: مشخصات"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="تاریخچه"><span id=".D8.AA.D8.A7.D8.B1.DB.8C.D8.AE.DA.86.D9.87"></span>تاریخچه</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85&action=edit&section=2" title="د سمولو برخه: تاریخچه"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="مرکبات"><span id=".D9.85.D8.B1.DA.A9.D8.A8.D8.A7.D8.AA"></span>مرکبات</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85&action=edit&section=3" title="د سمولو برخه: مرکبات"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="د_استعمال_ځایونه"><span id=".D8.AF_.D8.A7.D8.B3.D8.AA.D8.B9.D9.85.D8.A7.D9.84_.DA.81.D8.A7.DB.8C.D9.88.D9.86.D9.87"></span>د استعمال ځایونه</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85&action=edit&section=4" title="د سمولو برخه: د استعمال ځایونه"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="سرچينې"><span id=".D8.B3.D8.B1.DA.86.D9.8A.D9.86.DB.90"></span>سرچينې</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85&action=edit&section=5" title="د سمولو برخه: سرچينې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2016_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r262776">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFMeijaCoplen2016" class="citation journal cs1">Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-3/pac-2015-0305/pac-2015-0305.xml">"Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pure and Applied Chemistry (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Pure Appl. Chem.</a></i> <b>88</b> (3): 265–91. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2015-0305">10.1515/pac-2015-0305</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+Appl.+Chem.&rft.atitle=Atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2013+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=265-91&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2015-0305&rft.aulast=Meija&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Coplen%2C+T.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdownloadpdf%2Fj%2Fpac.2016.88.issue-3%2Fpac-2015-0305%2Fpac-2015-0305.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Cite_journal" title="کينډۍ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|displayauthors=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|display-authors=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openmopac.net/data_normal/ruthenium(i)%20fluoride_jmol.html">"Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data"</a>. OpenMOPAC.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">2007-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ruthenium%3A+ruthenium%28I%29+fluoride+compound+data&rft.pub=OpenMOPAC.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopenmopac.net%2Fdata_normal%2Fruthenium%28i%29%2520fluoride_jmol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFLide,_D._R.2005" class="citation book cs1">Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf"><i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/0-8493-0486-5" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/0-8493-0486-5 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>0-8493-0486-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Magnetic+susceptibility+of+the+elements+and+inorganic+compounds&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton+%28FL%29&rft.edition=86th&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8493-0486-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110303222309%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww-d0.fnal.gov%2Fhardware%2Fcal%2Flvps_info%2Fengineering%2Felementmagn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFWeast1984" class="citation book cs1">Weast, Robert (1984). <i>CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/0-8493-0464-4" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/0-8493-0464-4 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>0-8493-0464-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=E110&rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&rft.aulast=Weast&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol> <table class="js-no-interprojets" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;margin:0em; padding-right:12px;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;font-family:Bahij Nazanin; background:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:right;"><div style="padding-bottom:0em;"> <div dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> </div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="float; margin:em" align="left"> </table><table class="navbox collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="32"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small; float:right; text-align:right; width:6em;"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="کينډۍ:تناوبي جدول"><span title="Caliak templat iko" style="">کتنه</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90:%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کينډۍ خبرې اترې:تناوبي جدول (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><span title="Otaan templat iko" style="">خبرې اترې</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84&action=edit"><span title="Ubah templat iko" style=";">سمول</span></a></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="تناوبي جدول (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">تناوبي جدول</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%89%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="هايډروجن">H</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" colspan="30">  </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%DB%90%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="هېليوم">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليتيوم">Li</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%DB%90%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="بيرېليوم">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بورون">B</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="کاربون">C</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="نايتروجن">N</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="آکسيجن">O</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86" title="فلورين">F</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="نيون">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%89%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="سوډيوم">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="مگنېزيوم">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="الومېنيوم">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%90%D9%84%DB%90%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سېلېکان">Si</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="فاسفورس">P</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%93" title="گوگړ">S</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86" title="کلورين">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="آرگون">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پوتاشيوم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">K</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="کلسيوم">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%90%D9%86%DA%89%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="سکېنډيوم">Sc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="تېتانيوم">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="وانېديوم">V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85" title="کروميم">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="منگنيز">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D9%87" title="وسپنه">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BC" title="کوبالټ">Co</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%DB%90%DA%A9%D9%84" title="نېکل">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%87" title="تامبه">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%DA%A9" title="زنک">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="گاليوم">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="جرمانيوم">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%90%D9%86%DB%90%DA%A9" title="آرسېنېک">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%90%D9%84%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="سېلېنيوم">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" title="برومين">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%90%D9%BE%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%86" title="کرېپټون">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%DA%89%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روبيډيوم">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="سټرونټيوم">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ایتریم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Y</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="زیرکونیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="نیوبیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="مولیبدن (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="تکنسیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="روتنیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="رودیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پالادیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="نقره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کادمیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ایندیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="قلع (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="آنتیموان (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="تلوریم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Te</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DB%8C%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ید (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="گزنون (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سزیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Cs</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="باریم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Ba</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="لانتان (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">La</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سریم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Ce</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پرازئودیمیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Pr</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="نئودیمیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Nd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پرومتیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ساماریم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="یوروپیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="گادولینیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Gd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="تربیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Tb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="دیسپروزیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Dy</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="هولمیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Ho</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="اربیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Er</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="تولیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Tm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ایتربیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Yb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="لوتتیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Lu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="هافنیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Hf</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="تانتال (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Ta</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="تنگستن (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">W</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="رنیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Re</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="اسمیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Os</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ایریدیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Ir</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پلاتین (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Pt</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="طلا (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Au</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="جیوه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Hg</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="تالیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Tl</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سرب (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Pb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بیسموت (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Bi</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پولونیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Po</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="آستاتین (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">At</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="رادون (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="فرانسیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="رادیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="اکتینیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="توریم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پروتاکتینیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="اورانیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="نپتونیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پلوتونیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="امریسیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کوریم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="برکلیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کالیفرنیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="اینشتینیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="فرمیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="مندلیفیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="نوبلیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="لارنسیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="رادرفوردیم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Rf</a> </td> <td 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