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<span>1820 treaty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1820_treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1892_Exclusive_Agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1892_Exclusive_Agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>1892 Exclusive Agreement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1892_Exclusive_Agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advent_of_aeroplanes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advent_of_aeroplanes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Advent of aeroplanes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advent_of_aeroplanes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trucial_States_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trucial_States_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Trucial States Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trucial_States_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>End</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Trucial States</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdragskus" title="Verdragskus – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verdragskus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD" title="إمارات الساحل المتصالح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إمارات الساحل المتصالح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaos_de_la_Tregua" title="Estaos de la Tregua – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estaos de la Tregua" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C9%99%C5%9Fk%C9%99s_d%C3%B6vl%C9%99tl%C9%99ri" title="Atəşkəs dövlətləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Atəşkəs dövlətləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="চুক্তিবদ্ধ রাষ্ট্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চুক্তিবদ্ধ রাষ্ট্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estats_de_la_Treva" title="Estats de la Treva – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estats de la Treva" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertragsoman" title="Vertragsoman – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vertragsoman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_de_la_Tregua" title="Estados de la Tregua – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estados de la Tregua" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ctatoj_de_Batalhalto" title="Ŝtatoj de Batalhalto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtatoj de Batalhalto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tregoaren_Estatuak" title="Tregoaren Estatuak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tregoaren Estatuak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%A2%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ساحل آشتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساحل آشتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tats_de_la_Tr%C3%AAve" title="États de la Trêve – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="États de la Trêve" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9C%B4%EC%A0%84_%EC%98%A4%EB%A7%8C" title="휴전 오만 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="휴전 오만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara-Negara_Gencatan_Senjata" title="Negara-Negara Gencatan Senjata – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Negara-Negara Gencatan Senjata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_della_Tregua" title="Stati della Tregua – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stati della Tregua" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A3_%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%A7" title="חוף שביתת הנשק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוף שביתת הנשק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri-Negeri_Gencatan_Senjata" title="Negeri-Negeri Gencatan Senjata – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Negeri-Negeri Gencatan Senjata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdragsstaten" title="Verdragsstaten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verdragsstaten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E6%88%A6%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="休戦オマーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="休戦オマーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traktatstatene" title="Traktatstatene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Traktatstatene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD" title="ریاستہائے ساحل متصالح – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریاستہائے ساحل متصالح" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman_Traktatowy" title="Oman Traktatowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oman Traktatowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_da_Tr%C3%A9gua" title="Estados da Trégua – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estados da Trégua" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Договорный Оман – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Договорный Оман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopimusvaltiot" title="Sopimusvaltiot – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sopimusvaltiot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rdragsstaterna" title="Fördragsstaterna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fördragsstaterna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A" title="รัฐพักรบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐพักรบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C5%9Fkes_Devletleri" title="Ateşkes Devletleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ateşkes Devletleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Договірний Оман – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Договірний Оман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD" title="ریاستہائے ساحل متصالح – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریاستہائے ساحل متصالح" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1c_Qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_chi%E1%BA%BFn" title="Các Quốc gia Đình chiến – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Các Quốc gia Đình chiến" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%9C%E6%88%98%E8%AF%B8%E5%9B%BD" title="停战诸国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="停战诸国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1852345#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Trucial Oman" redirects here. For the British Protectorate, see <a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Muscat and Oman</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Trucial States</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إمارات الساحل المتصالحة</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Al-Imārāt al-Mutaṣāliḥa</i></span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1820–1971</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Trucial_States_(1968%E2%80%931971).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Trucial States"><img alt="Flag of Trucial States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_the_Trucial_States_%281968%E2%80%931971%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Trucial_States_%281968%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_the_Trucial_States_%281968%E2%80%931971%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Trucial_States_%281968%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_the_Trucial_States_%281968%E2%80%931971%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Trucial_States_%281968%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div> </div> <div>Flag of the Trucial States Council<br />(1968–1971)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Maskat_%26_Oman_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Trucial States in the 20th century shown in Dark Gray"><img alt="The Trucial States in the 20th century shown in Dark Gray" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maskat_%26_Oman_map.png/250px-Maskat_%26_Oman_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maskat_%26_Oman_map.png/375px-Maskat_%26_Oman_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maskat_%26_Oman_map.png/500px-Maskat_%26_Oman_map.png 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="806" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The Trucial States in the 20th century shown in Dark Gray</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Residency" title="Persian Gulf Residency">Persian Gulf Residency</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a> <small>(1820–1947)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/British_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="British Protectorate">British Protectorate</a> <small>(1947–1971)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trucials" class="mw-redirect" title="Trucials">Trucials</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data">Tribal <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederation</a>(s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Imperialism" title="New Imperialism">New Imperialism</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/The_General_Maritime_Treaty_with_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="The General Maritime Treaty with Britain">General Maritime Treaty</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">8 January 1820</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Maritime_Truce" title="Perpetual Maritime Truce">Perpetual Maritime Truce</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">4 May 1853</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Trucial_States_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Trucial States Council">Trucial States Council</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">21 March 1952</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/National_Day_(United_Arab_Emirates)" title="National Day (United Arab Emirates)">End of protectorate</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 December 1971</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 December 1971</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_lira" title="Ottoman lira">Ottoman Lira</a><br />(1820–1899)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian Rupee</a><br />(1899–1959)<br /><a href="/wiki/Gulf_rupee" title="Gulf rupee">Gulf Rupee</a><br />(1959–1966)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Bahraini_dinar" title="Bahraini dinar">Bahraini Dinar</a><br />(1966–1971)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg/20px-Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg/30px-Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg/40px-Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Ajman.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ajman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Ajman.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ajman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Ajman.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ajman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ajman" title="Emirate of Ajman">Ajman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Dubai.svg/20px-Flag_of_Dubai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Dubai.svg/30px-Flag_of_Dubai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Dubai.svg/40px-Flag_of_Dubai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dubai" title="Emirate of Dubai">Dubai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Emirate of Umm Al Quwain">Umm Al Quwain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Fujairah_%28before_1952%2C_1961-1975%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Fujairah_%28before_1952%2C_1961-1975%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Fujairah_%28before_1952%2C_1961-1975%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Fujairah_%28before_1952%2C_1961-1975%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Fujairah_%28before_1952%2C_1961-1975%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Fujairah_%28before_1952%2C_1961-1975%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="240" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Fujairah" title="Emirate of Fujairah">Fujairah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah">Ras Al Khaimah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sharjah" title="Emirate of Sharjah">Sharjah</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Ras_al_Khaimah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras al Khaimah">Ras al Khaimah</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard hlist" style="width:22.0em; border: 4px double #d69d36;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of a series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#4E5A65; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="History of the United Arab Emirates"><span style="color:white;"><small> History of the </small><br />United Arab Emirates</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/80px-Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/120px-Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/160px-Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#BB9C22; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hafit_period" title="Hafit period"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Bronze Age</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magan_(civilization)" title="Magan (civilization)">Magan civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Al_Nar_culture" title="Umm Al Nar culture">Umm Al Nar culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Suq_culture" title="Wadi Suq culture">Wadi Suq culture</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Archaeological sites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mleiha_Archaeological_Centre" title="Mleiha Archaeological Centre">Mleiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashoosh" title="Al-Ashoosh">Al Ashoosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sufouh_Archaeological_Site" title="Al Sufouh Archaeological Site">Al Sufouh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed-Dur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed-Dur">Ed-Dur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hili_Archaeological_Park" title="Hili Archaeological Park">Hili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saruq_Al_Hadid" title="Saruq Al Hadid">Saruq Al Hadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimal" title="Shimal">Shimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abraq" title="Tell Abraq">Tell Abraq</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#BB9C22; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Iron Age in the United Arab Emirates"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Iron Age</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Iron Age in the United Arab Emirates">Iron Age in the United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Archaeological sites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Thuqeibah" title="Al Thuqeibah">Al Thuqeibah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidaa_Bint_Saud" title="Bidaa Bint Saud">Bidaa Bint Saud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed-Dur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed-Dur">Ed-Dur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muweilah" title="Muweilah">Muweilah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seih_Al_Harf" title="Seih Al Harf">Seih Al Harf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qattara_Oasis" title="Qattara Oasis">Qattara Oasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumailah,_UAE" title="Rumailah, UAE">Rumailah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saruq_Al_Hadid" title="Saruq Al Hadid">Saruq Al Hadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimal" title="Shimal">Shimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abraq" title="Tell Abraq">Tell Abraq</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#BB9C22; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Pre-Islamic Era</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazun_(Sasanian_province)" title="Mazun (Sasanian province)">Sasanian rule</a></li> <li>Archaeological sites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mleiha_Archaeological_Centre" title="Mleiha Archaeological Centre">Mleiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed-Dur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed-Dur">Ed-Dur</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#BB9C22; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Islamic Era</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dibba" title="Battle of Dibba">Battle of Dibba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kush_(Ras_Al_Khaimah)" title="Kush (Ras Al Khaimah)">Kush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julfar" title="Julfar">Julfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumeirah_Archaeological_Site" title="Jumeirah Archaeological Site">Jumeirah Archaeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimal" title="Shimal">Shimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Sur" title="Wadi Sur">Wadi Sur</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#BB9C22; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Colonial Era</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dibba_Al-Hisn#Portuguese_occupation_(1624-1648_CE)" title="Dibba Al-Hisn">Portuguese Dibba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khor_Fakkan#History" title="Khor Fakkan">Portuguese Khor Fakkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah_(city)#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras Al Khaimah (city)">Julfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_campaign_of_1809" title="Persian Gulf campaign of 1809">Persian Gulf campaign of 1809</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_campaign_of_1819" title="Persian Gulf campaign of 1819">Persian Gulf campaign of 1819</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Maritime_Treaty_of_1820" title="General Maritime Treaty of 1820">General Maritime Treaty of 1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Maritime_Truce" title="Perpetual Maritime Truce">Perpetual Maritime Truce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalba#Trucial_state" title="Kalba">Trucial Kalba</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trucial States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#BB9C22; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Modern history</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buraimi_Dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Buraimi Dispute">Buraimi Dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates#The_rise_and_fall_of_the_pearling_industry" title="History of the United Arab Emirates">Pearling industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_border_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates border dispute">Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates border dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seizure_of_Abu_Musa_and_the_Greater_and_Lesser_Tunbs" title="Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs">Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Emirati_parliamentary_election" title="2006 Emirati parliamentary election">First parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9319_Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2017–19 Qatar diplomatic crisis">Qatar blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_takeover_of_Socotra" class="mw-redirect" title="United Arab Emirates takeover of Socotra">Socotra dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#BB9C22; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_settlements_in_the_UAE" title="List of ancient settlements in the UAE">Ancient settlements</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Arab_Emirates" title="Portal:United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Template:History of the United Arab Emirates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Template talk:History of the United Arab Emirates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the United Arab Emirates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Trucial States</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الإمارات المتصالحة</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Al-Imārāt al-Mutaṣāliḥa</i></span>), also known as the <b>Trucial Coast</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الساحل المتصالح</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Al-Sāḥil al-Mutaṣāliḥ</i></span>), the <b>Trucial Sheikhdoms</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">المشيخات المتصالحة</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Al-Mashyakhāt al-Mutaṣāliḥa</i></span>), <b>Trucial Arabia</b> or <b>Trucial Oman</b>, was a group of tribal confederations to the south of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> (southeastern <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a>) whose leaders had signed protective treaties, or <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">truces</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> between 1820 and 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Trucial States remained an informal <a href="/wiki/British_protectorate" title="British protectorate">British protectorate</a> until the treaties were revoked on 1 December 1971. The following day, six of the sheikhdoms—<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dubai" title="Emirate of Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sharjah" title="Emirate of Sharjah">Sharjah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ajman" title="Emirate of Ajman">Ajman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Emirate of Umm Al Quwain">Umm Al Quwain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Fujairah" title="Emirate of Fujairah">Fujairah</a>—formed the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>; the seventh, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah">Ras Al Khaimah</a>, joined on 10 February 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trucial_States&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sheikhdoms included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> (1820–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ajman" title="Emirate of Ajman">Ajman</a> (1820–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dubai" title="Emirate of Dubai">Dubai</a> (1833–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Fujairah" title="Emirate of Fujairah">Fujairah</a> (1952–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalba" title="Kalba">Kalba</a> (1936–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah">Ras Al Khaimah</a> (1820–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sharjah" title="Emirate of Sharjah">Sharjah</a> (1820–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Emirate of Umm Al Quwain">Umm Al Quwain</a> (1820–1971)</li></ul> <p>The sheikhdoms permanently allied themselves with the United Kingdom through a series of treaties, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/General_Maritime_Treaty_of_1820" title="General Maritime Treaty of 1820">General Maritime Treaty of 1820</a> and including the Perpetual Maritime Truce of 1853, until in 1892 they entered into "Exclusivity Agreements" with the British—following on from <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bahrain_(1783%E2%80%931971)" title="History of Bahrain (1783–1971)">Bahrain</a> in 1880—which put them under British protection.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was an unclear status which fell short of a formal protectorate, but required Britain to defend them from external aggression in exchange for exclusive British rights in the states.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two sheikhdoms at various times looked as if they might be granted trucial status, affirming their independence from neighbouring Sharjah, <a href="/wiki/Al_Hamriyah" title="Al Hamriyah">Al Hamriyah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al_Heera" title="Al Heera">Al Heera</a>, but neither signed treaties with the British. <a href="/wiki/Kalba" title="Kalba">Kalba</a>, granted trucial status in 1936 because it was chosen as the site of a back-up landing strip for the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Airways" title="Imperial Airways">Imperial Airways</a> flights into Sharjah, was re-incorporated into Sharjah in 1951 on the death of its ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last sheikhdom to be granted recognition was that of <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Fujairah" title="Emirate of Fujairah">Fujairah</a>, which became a trucial state in 1952 after the British Government came under pressure from PCL (Petroleum Concessions Limited) to grant status in order that the company could have a free hand to explore for oil along the whole east coast.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1952, the Trucial States Council was established to encourage co-operation among the seven rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a> remained the <a href="/wiki/De_facto_currency" title="De facto currency"><i>de facto</i> currency</a> of the Trucial States as well as the other <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf states</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/History_of_Qatar" title="History of Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bahrain_(1783%E2%80%931971)" title="History of Bahrain (1783–1971)">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">Kuwait</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Oman</a>, until the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_rupee" title="Gulf rupee">Gulf rupee</a> was introduced in 1959. The <a href="/wiki/Gulf_rupee" title="Gulf rupee">Gulf rupee</a> was used until the <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Gulf countries</a> introduced their own currencies after the great devaluation of the rupee.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1820_treaty">1820 treaty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trucial_States&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1820 treaty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_campaign_of_1819" title="Persian Gulf campaign of 1819">Persian Gulf campaign of 1819</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Maritime_Treaty_of_1820" title="General Maritime Treaty of 1820">General Maritime Treaty of 1820</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Maritime_Truce" title="Perpetual Maritime Truce">Perpetual Maritime Truce</a></div> <p>The southeastern <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> coast was called the "<a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Piracy in the Persian Gulf">Pirate Coast</a>" by the British, who argued that raiders based there—particularly the 'Qawasim' or 'Joasmees', now known as the <a href="/wiki/Al-Qasimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qasimi">Al Qasimi</a> (the ruling families of <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sharjah" title="Emirate of Sharjah">Sharjah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah">Ras Al Khaimah</a>)—harassed British-flagged shipping.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first in a long series of maritime skirmishes between the Al Qasimi and British vessels took place in 1797, when the British-flagged <a href="/wiki/Snow_(ship)" title="Snow (ship)">snow</a> (a large two-masted ship) <i>Bassein</i> was seized and released two days later. The cruiser <i>Viper</i> was subsequently attacked off <a href="/wiki/Bushire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushire">Bushire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Al Qasimi leader, <a href="/wiki/Saqr_bin_Rashid_Al_Qasimi" title="Saqr bin Rashid Al Qasimi">Saqr bin Rashid Al Qasimi</a>, protested innocence in both cases.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A period of great instability followed along the coast, with a number of actions between British and Al Qasimi vessels alongside various changes of leadership and allegiances between the rulers of Ras Al Khaimah, Ajman and Sharjah with <a href="/wiki/Sultan_bin_Saqr_Al_Qasimi" title="Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi">Sheikh Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi</a> claiming sovereignty over 'all the Joasmee ports' in 1823, a claim recognised by the British at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British expeditions to protect British Indian trade and interests around <a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Khaimah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras al-Khaimah">Ras al-Khaimah</a>, close to the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Hormuz" title="Strait of Hormuz">Strait of Hormuz</a>, led to campaigns against that headquarters and other harbours along the coast in 1809, and again (with far greater destructive force) in 1819. The next year, 1820, a <a href="/wiki/General_Maritime_Treaty_of_1820" title="General Maritime Treaty of 1820">peace treaty</a> was signed to which all the <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">sheikhs</a> of the coast adhered. The signatories to that treaty included Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi of Sharjah (on 6 January 1820). He signed a 'preliminary agreement' also on behalf of Ajman and Umm Al Qawain, and then on 8 January at Ras Al Khaimah, <a href="/wiki/Hassan_bin_Rahma_Al_Qasimi" title="Hassan bin Rahma Al Qasimi">Hassan Bin Rahma Al Qasimi</a> signed as "Sheikh of 'Hatt and Falna' formerly of Ras Al Khaimah" ('Hatt' being the modern day village of <a href="/wiki/Khatt" title="Khatt">Khatt</a> and 'Falna' being the modern day suburb of Ras Al Khaimah, <a href="/wiki/Al_Fahlain" title="Al Fahlain">Fahlain</a>, near the location of <a href="/wiki/Al_Falayah_Fort" title="Al Falayah Fort">Al Falayah Fort</a>), followed on 10 January 1820 by Qadib bin Ahmad of <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazirah_Al_Hamra" title="Al Jazirah Al Hamra">Jazirah Al Hamrah</a> (given in the treaty's English translation as 'Jourat Al Kamra') signed.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 January 1820, again at Ras Al Khaimah, Shakhbut bin Diyab Al Nahyan signed on behalf of his son, Tahnoon, the Sheikh of the Bani Yas and ruler of Abu Dhabi. Husain bin Ali of Rams signed on 15 January 1820. The uncle of Muhammad bin Hazza of Dubai signed on 28 January 1820 in Sharjah. The rulers of Ajman and Umm Al Quwain acceded to the full treaty on 15 March 1820, signing on board the ship of the commander of the British expeditionary force, Major-General <a href="/wiki/William_Grant_(British_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Grant (British Army officer)">William Keir Grant</a>. The treaty was also signed, at Sharjah, by the emir of Bahrain.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sheikh of <a href="/wiki/Rams_(Ras_Al_Khaimah)" title="Rams (Ras Al Khaimah)">Rams</a> lost the support of his people soon after and both he and the Sheikh of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazirah_Al_Hamrah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jazirah Al Hamrah (page does not exist)">Jazirah Al Hamrah</a> were deposed and their communities became subject to the rule of Ras Al Khaimah.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/Al-Zaabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zaabi">Al-Zaabi</a> family continued to rule Jazirah Al Hamrah as vassals until 1970. </p><p>As a peace treaty, it was not a conspicuous success. Skirmishes and conflicts, considered raids by the British, continued intermittently until 1835, when the sheikhs agreed not to engage in hostilities at sea and Sharjah, Dubai, Ajman and Abu Dhabi signed a renewed treaty banning hostilities during the pearling season and a number of other short treaties were made, culminating with the ten-year truce of June 1843. Feeling the benefit of peaceful pearling and trade, the coastal Sheikhs signed the Perpetual Treaty of Maritime Peace in 1853, a process overseen by the British political agent at Bushire, Captain A. B. Kemball.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Separate treaties in 1847 and 1856 saw treaties undertaking the abolition of slave trading and, in 1873, a further treaty abolishing slaving was signed by Sharjah and Abu Dhabi.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1892_Exclusive_Agreement">1892 Exclusive Agreement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trucial_States&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1892 Exclusive Agreement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Primarily in reaction to the ambitions of France and Russia, Britain and the Trucial Sheikhdoms established closer bonds in an 1892 treaty, similar to treaties entered into by the UK with other <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> principalities.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sheikhs agreed not to dispose of any territory except to Britain and not to enter into relationships with any other foreign government without Britain's consent. In return, the British promised to protect the Trucial Coast from all aggression by sea and to help in case of land attack.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This treaty, the "Exclusive Agreement", was signed by the Rulers of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Ras Al Khaimah and Umm Al Quwain between 6 and 8 March 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was subsequently ratified by the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy of India</a> and the British Government in London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advent_of_aeroplanes">Advent of aeroplanes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trucial_States&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Advent of aeroplanes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Al_Mahatta_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Mahatta Fort">Al Mahatta Fort</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:No._7._The_troops_landing_at_Rus_ul_Khyma,_13_November_1809_RMG_PW4799.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/No._7._The_troops_landing_at_Rus_ul_Khyma%2C_13_November_1809_RMG_PW4799.jpg/250px-No._7._The_troops_landing_at_Rus_ul_Khyma%2C_13_November_1809_RMG_PW4799.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/No._7._The_troops_landing_at_Rus_ul_Khyma%2C_13_November_1809_RMG_PW4799.jpg/375px-No._7._The_troops_landing_at_Rus_ul_Khyma%2C_13_November_1809_RMG_PW4799.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/No._7._The_troops_landing_at_Rus_ul_Khyma%2C_13_November_1809_RMG_PW4799.jpg/500px-No._7._The_troops_landing_at_Rus_ul_Khyma%2C_13_November_1809_RMG_PW4799.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption>British naval fleet attack Ras Al Khaimah on 13 November 1809</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Air_Force_in_the_Middle_East,_1944-1945._CM6016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Royal_Air_Force_in_the_Middle_East%2C_1944-1945._CM6016.jpg/220px-Royal_Air_Force_in_the_Middle_East%2C_1944-1945._CM6016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Royal_Air_Force_in_the_Middle_East%2C_1944-1945._CM6016.jpg/330px-Royal_Air_Force_in_the_Middle_East%2C_1944-1945._CM6016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Royal_Air_Force_in_the_Middle_East%2C_1944-1945._CM6016.jpg/440px-Royal_Air_Force_in_the_Middle_East%2C_1944-1945._CM6016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a> at No. 44 Staging Post, Sharjah, Trucial States, c. 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1920s, the British Government's desire to create an alternative air route from <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> to India gave rise to discussions with the rulers of the Trucial States about landing areas, anchorages and fuel depots along the coast. The first aeroplanes to appear were <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF) flying boats, used by RAF personnel to survey the area, and by political officers to visit the rulers. Air agreements were initially resisted by the rulers, who suspected interference with their sovereignty, however they also provided a useful source of revenue. In 1932, the demise of the air route through Persia (today's Iran) led to the opening of an airfield at Sharjah. In 1937, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Airways" title="Imperial Airways">Imperial Airways</a> flying boats began to call in at Dubai, and continued to do so for the next ten years.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trucial_States_Council">Trucial States Council</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trucial_States&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Trucial States Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Trucial States Council was a forum for the leaders of the emirates to meet, presided over by the British <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Residency" title="Persian Gulf Residency">Political Agent</a>. The first meetings took place in 1952, one in spring and one in autumn, and this set a pattern for meetings in future years.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council was purely consultative and had no written constitution and no policy making powers, it provided more than anything a forum for the rulers to exchange views and agree on common approaches. The British managed to provoke considerable irritation amongst the rulers, especially Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah, when the ruler of Fujairah, recognised as a Trucial State by Britain on 21 March 1952, attended his first Trucial States Council.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1958, committees were set up to advise on public health, agriculture and education, but the council had no funding until 1965, when the chairmanship moved from the Political Agent to one of the rulers, the first chairman being Shaikh Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi of Ras Al Khaimah.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One issue which came up regularly in the council's first 14 meetings was that of <a href="/wiki/Locusts" class="mw-redirect" title="Locusts">locusts</a>—the swarms were highly destructive to the agriculture of the whole area—but the <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> of the interior were convinced the spraying of <a href="/wiki/Insecticide" title="Insecticide">insecticide</a> would be detrimental to their herds and resisted the teams brought in from <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> to spray the insects' breeding grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1965 the council was given a grant by the British to administer as it saw fit, instead of merely advising on British-prepared budgets. A full-time secretariat was also recruited.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="End">End</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trucial_States&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: End"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1961-trucial-states-stamps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/1961-trucial-states-stamps.jpg/220px-1961-trucial-states-stamps.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/1961-trucial-states-stamps.jpg/330px-1961-trucial-states-stamps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/1961-trucial-states-stamps.jpg/440px-1961-trucial-states-stamps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="162" /></a><figcaption>1961 Trucial States stamps, denominated in <a href="/wiki/Gulf_rupee" title="Gulf rupee">Gulf rupees</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a>'s announcement, on 16 January 1968, that all British troops were to be withdrawn from "<a href="/wiki/East_of_Suez" title="East of Suez">east of Suez</a>", signalled the end of Britain taking care of foreign policy and defence, as well as arbitrating between the rulers of the Eastern Persian Gulf.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decision pitched the rulers of the Trucial Coast, together with Qatar and Bahrain, into fevered negotiations to fill the political vacuum that the British withdrawal would leave behind.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The principle of union was first agreed between the ruler of Abu Dhabi, <a href="/wiki/Zayed_bin_Sultan_Al_Nahyan" title="Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan">Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan</a>, and Sheikh Rashid of Dubai on 18 February 1968 meeting in an encampment at Argoub Al Sedirah, near Al Semeih, a desert stop between the two emirates.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two agreed to work towards bringing the other emirates, including Qatar and Bahrain, into the union. Over the next two years, negotiations and meetings of the rulers followed—often stormy—as a form of union was thrashed out. The nine-state union was never to recover from the October 1969 meeting where British intervention resulted in a walk-out by Qatar and Ras Al Khaimah.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahrain and Qatar were to drop out of talks, leaving only six emirates to agree on union on 18 July 1971. </p><p>On 2 December 1971, Dubai, together with Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain and Fujairah joined in the Act of Union to form the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>. The seventh emirate, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah">Ras Al Khaimah</a>, officially joined the UAE on 10 February 1972. This change was due to the Iranian seizure of the islands <a href="/wiki/Greater_and_Lesser_Tunbs" title="Greater and Lesser Tunbs">Greater and Lesser Tunbs</a> from Ras Al Khaimah and Abu Musa which was claimed by the emirate of Sharjah. The Iranian occupation of the three islands occurred on 30 November 1971 following the British withdrawal.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trucial_States&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/32px-British_Empire_1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/48px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 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class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trucial_States&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWinder1965" class="citation book cs1">Winder, Bayly (1965). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiainnin0000wind"><i>Saudi Arabia in the Nineteenth Century</i></a></span>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiainnin0000wind/page/33">33</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Winder&rft.aufirst=Bayly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsaudiarabiainnin0000wind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrucial+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaryam2019" class="citation book cs1">Taryam, Abdulla Omran (2019). <i>The Establishment of the United Arab Emirates 1950-85</i>. 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Motivate. p. 285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86063-167-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86063-167-2"><bdi>978-1-86063-167-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Trucial+States+to+United+Arab+Emirates&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Motivate&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-86063-167-2&rft.aulast=Heard-Bey&rft.aufirst=Frauke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrucial+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBey1996" class="citation book cs1">Bey, Frauke (1996). <i>From Trucial States To United Arab Emirates</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Liwa&rft.atitle=Flying+Boats+on+the+Trucial+Coast%2C+1927-1947&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.date=2018-06&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Michael+Quentin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.na.ae%2FPDFFlip%2Fliwa19_eng%2Fmobile%2Findex.html%23p%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrucial+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley-Price2012" class="citation book cs1">Stanley-Price, Nicholas (2012). <i>Imperial Outpost on the Gulf: The Airfield at Sharjah (UAE), 1932-1952</i>. Book Guild Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84624-684-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84624-684-5"><bdi>978-1-84624-684-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Outpost+on+the+Gulf%3A+The+Airfield+at+Sharjah+%28UAE%29%2C+1932-1952&rft.pub=Book+Guild+Ltd&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-84624-684-5&rft.aulast=Stanley-Price&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrucial+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald1970" class="citation book cs1">Donald, Hawley (1970). <i>The Trucial States</i>. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-04-953005-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-04-953005-4"><bdi>0-04-953005-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/152680">152680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trucial+States&rft.place=London&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F152680&rft.isbn=0-04-953005-4&rft.aulast=Donald&rft.aufirst=Hawley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrucial+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlhammadi,_Muna_M." class="citation book cs1">Alhammadi, Muna M. <i>Britain and the administration of the Trucial States 1947-1965</i>. Markaz al-Imārāt lil-Dirāsāt wa-al-Buḥūth al-Istirātījīyah. Abu Dhabi. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9948-14-638-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-9948-14-638-4"><bdi>978-9948-14-638-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/884280680">884280680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+the+administration+of+the+Trucial+States+1947-1965&rft.place=Abu+Dhabi&rft.pages=95&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F884280680&rft.isbn=978-9948-14-638-4&rft.au=Alhammadi%2C+Muna+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrucial+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald1970" class="citation book cs1">Donald, Hawley (1970). <i>The Trucial States</i>. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-04-953005-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-04-953005-4"><bdi>0-04-953005-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/152680">152680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trucial+States&rft.place=London&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F152680&rft.isbn=0-04-953005-4&rft.aulast=Donald&rft.aufirst=Hawley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrucial+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlhammadi,_Muna_M." class="citation book cs1">Alhammadi, Muna M. <i>Britain and the administration of the Trucial States 1947-1965</i>. Markaz al-Imārāt lil-Dirāsāt wa-al-Buḥūth al-Istirātījīyah. Abu Dhabi. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9948-14-638-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-9948-14-638-4"><bdi>978-9948-14-638-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/884280680">884280680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+the+administration+of+the+Trucial+States+1947-1965&rft.place=Abu+Dhabi&rft.pages=96&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F884280680&rft.isbn=978-9948-14-638-4&rft.au=Alhammadi%2C+Muna+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrucial+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1968" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Harold (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpoliticalspeech.org/speech-archive.htm?speech=166">"Leader's speech, Blackpool 1968"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leader%27s+speech%2C+Blackpool+1968&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishpoliticalspeech.org%2Fspeech-archive.htm%3Fspeech%3D166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrucial+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeard-Bey2004" class="citation book cs1">Heard-Bey, Frauke (2004). <i>From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates</i>. Motivate. p. 337. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86063-167-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86063-167-2"><bdi>978-1-86063-167-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Trucial+States+to+United+Arab+Emirates&rft.pages=337&rft.pub=Motivate&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-86063-167-2&rft.aulast=Heard-Bey&rft.aufirst=Frauke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrucial+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaktoum2012" class="citation book cs1">Maktoum, Mohammed bin Rashid (2012). <i>Spirit of the Union</i>. UAE: Motivate. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86063-330-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86063-330-0"><bdi>978-1-86063-330-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spirit+of+the+Union&rft.place=UAE&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Motivate&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-86063-330-0&rft.aulast=Maktoum&rft.aufirst=Mohammed+bin+Rashid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrucial+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1999" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Graeme (1999). <i>Father of Dubai</i>. UAE: Media Prima. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9948-8564-5-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-9948-8564-5-0"><bdi>978-9948-8564-5-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Father+of+Dubai&rft.place=UAE&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Media+Prima&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-9948-8564-5-0&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrucial+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson2008" class="citation web cs1">Henderson, Simon (8 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/persian-gulfs-occupied-territory-three-island-dispute">"The Persian Gulf's 'Occupied Territory': The Three-Island Dispute"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy" title="The Washington Institute for Near East Policy">The Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Institute+for+Near+East+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Persian+Gulf%27s+%27Occupied+Territory%27%3A+The+Three-Island+Dispute&rft.date=2008-09-08&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Fpersian-gulfs-occupied-territory-three-island-dispute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrucial+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trucial_States&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Barnwell, Kristi N. "Overthrowing the Shaykhs: The Trucial States at the Intersection of Anti-Imperialism, Arab Nationalism, and Politics, 1952-1966". <i>Arab Studies Journal</i> 24.2 (2016): 72-95 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44742880">online</a></li> <li>Joyce, Miriam. "On the road towards unity: the Trucial states from a British perspective, 1960–66". <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i> 35.2 (1999): 45-60</li> <li>Smith, Simon C. <i>Britain's revival and fall in the Gulf: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and the Trucial States, 1950-71</i>. (Routledge, 2004)</li> <li>Zahlan, Rosemarie Said. <i>The origins of the United Arab Emirates: A political and social history of the Trucial States</i> (Routledge, 2016)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trucial_States&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qdl.qa/en/articles-from-our-experts">Qatar Digital Library</a> - an online portal providing access to British Library archive materials relating to Persian Gulf history and Arabic science</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Arab_Emirates_articles688" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Arab_Emirates_topics" title="Template:United Arab Emirates topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Arab_Emirates_topics" title="Template talk:United Arab Emirates topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Arab_Emirates_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Arab Emirates topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Arab_Emirates_articles688" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="History of the United Arab Emirates">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">By period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates#prehistory" title="History of the United Arab Emirates">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates#Glacial_Period" title="History of the United Arab Emirates">Glacial period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafit_period" title="Hafit period">Hafit period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates#Bronze_Age:_Umm_Al_Nar_and_Wadi_Suq_Cultures" title="History of the United Arab Emirates">Bronze Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Al_Nar_culture" title="Umm Al Nar culture">Umm Al Nar culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Suq_culture" title="Wadi Suq culture">Wadi Suq culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Iron Age in the United Arab Emirates">Iron Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates#Mleiha" title="History of the United Arab Emirates">Mleiha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Post-Islamic Era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dibba" title="Battle of Dibba">Battle of Dibba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trucial States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-independence_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-independence in the United Arab Emirates">Post-independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">By topic</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_settlements_in_the_UAE" title="List of ancient settlements in the UAE">Ancient settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Trucial_States" title="Slavery in the Trucial States">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United Arab Emirates">Postal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of wars involving the United Arab Emirates">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Military history of the United Arab Emirates"> Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Political history of the United Arab Emirates">Political history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Geography of the United Arab Emirates">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of cities in the United Arab Emirates">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the United Arab Emirates">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_seeding_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cloud seeding in the United Arab Emirates">cloud seeding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Emirates of the United Arab Emirates">Emirates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dubai" title="Emirate of Dubai">Dubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sharjah" title="Emirate of Sharjah">Sharjah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ajman" title="Emirate of Ajman">Ajman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Emirate of Umm Al Quwain">Umm Al Quwain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah">Ras Al Khaimah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Fujairah" title="Emirate of Fujairah">Fujairah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Environmental issues in the United Arab Emirates">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Geology of the United Arab Emirates">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of islands of the United Arab Emirates">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Land reclamation in the United Arab Emirates">Land reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of mountains in the United Arab Emirates"> Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of protected areas of the United Arab Emirates">Protected areas</a></li> <li>Territorial disputes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Musa" title="Abu Musa">Abu Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_and_Lesser_Tunbs" title="Greater and Lesser Tunbs">Greater and Lesser Tunbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_border#Border_dispute" title="Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates border">Saudi border dispute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wadis_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of wadis of the United Arab Emirates">Wadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Wildlife of the United Arab Emirates">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasive_species_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Invasive species in the United Arab Emirates">Invasive species</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Politics of the United Arab Emirates">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Federal government of the United Arab Emirates">Federal</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates#Executive_branch" title="Federal government of the United Arab Emirates">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cabinet of the United Arab Emirates">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of cabinets of the United Arab Emirates">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Council" title="Federal Supreme Council">Federal Supreme Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of prime ministers of the United Arab Emirates">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates#Legislative_branch" title="Federal government of the United Arab Emirates">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Council" title="Federal Supreme Council">Federal Supreme Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_National_Council" title="Federal National Council">Federal National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the United Arab Emirates">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Emirati_parliamentary_election" title="2006 Emirati parliamentary election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Emirati_parliamentary_election" title="2011 Emirati parliamentary election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Emirati_parliamentary_election" title="2015 Emirati parliamentary election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Emirati_parliamentary_election" title="2019 Emirati parliamentary election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Emirati_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Emirati parliamentary election">2023</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Judicial system of the United Arab Emirates">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Federal Supreme Court of the United Arab Emirates">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Legal_system_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Legal system of the United Arab Emirates">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Constitution of the United Arab Emirates">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_nationality_law" title="Emirati nationality law">Nationality</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Signals_Intelligence_Agency" title="Signals Intelligence Agency">Signals Intelligence Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Uniformed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Armed_Forces" title="United Arab Emirates Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Air_Force" title="United Arab Emirates Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Army" title="United Arab Emirates Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Navy" title="United Arab Emirates Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Presidential_Guard" title="United Arab Emirates Presidential Guard">Presidential Guard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates#Local_politics" title="Politics of the United Arab Emirates">Local</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Courts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Judicial_Department" title="Abu Dhabi Judicial Department">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubai_Courts" title="Dubai Courts">Dubai</a></li></ul></li> <li>Common law courts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Global_Market" title="Abu Dhabi Global Market">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIFC_Courts" title="DIFC Courts">Dubai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_individual_Emirates_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of rulers of individual Emirates of the United Arab Emirates">Emirate rulers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_families_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Royal families of the United Arab Emirates">royal families</a></li></ul></li> <li>Governments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Government of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Dubai" title="Government of Dubai">Dubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sharjah" title="Government of Sharjah">Sharjah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ajman" title="Government of Ajman">Ajman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of diplomatic missions in the United Arab Emirates">diplomatic missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93UAE_123_Agreement_for_Peaceful_Civilian_Nuclear_Energy_Cooperation" title="U.S.–UAE 123 Agreement for Peaceful Civilian Nuclear Energy Cooperation">US-UAE nuclear energy agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Human rights in the United Arab Emirates">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blasphemy_law_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Blasphemy law in the United Arab Emirates">blasphemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Capital punishment in the United Arab Emirates">capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Freedom of religion in the United Arab Emirates">freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United Arab Emirates">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrant_workers_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Migrant workers in the United Arab Emirates">migrant workers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial system in the United Arab Emirates">Justice system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Law enforcement in the United Arab Emirates">law enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_system_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Legal system of the United Arab Emirates">Legal system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Abortion in the United Arab Emirates">abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoption_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Adoption in the United Arab Emirates">adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cannabis in the United Arab Emirates"> cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun laws in the United Arab Emirates">guns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Visa policy of the United Arab Emirates">Visa policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Economy of the United Arab Emirates">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of companies of the United Arab Emirates"> Companies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government-owned_companies_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of government-owned companies of the United Arab Emirates">state-owned</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_corporate_law" title="United Arab Emirates corporate law">Corporate Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_dirham" title="United Arab Emirates dirham">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship_policies_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Entrepreneurship policies in the United Arab Emirates">Entrepreneurship</a></li> <li>Finance <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of banks in the United Arab Emirates">banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates">central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Energy in the United Arab Emirates">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Nuclear power in the United Arab Emirates">nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Oil reserves in the United Arab Emirates">oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Oil reserves in the United Arab Emirates">reserves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Solar power in the United Arab Emirates">solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of power stations in the United Arab Emirates">power stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free-trade_zones_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of free-trade zones in the United Arab Emirates">Free trade zones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free-trade_zones_in_Dubai" title="List of free-trade zones in Dubai">Dubai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Taxation in the United Arab Emirates">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Tourism in the United Arab Emirates">Tourism</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Dubai" title="Tourism in Dubai">Dubai</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of tourist attractions in the United Arab Emirates">attractions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Stock exchanges <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Securities_Exchange" title="Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange">ADX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubai_Financial_Market" title="Dubai Financial Market">DFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Dubai" title="Nasdaq Dubai">Nasdaq Dubai</a></li></ul></li> <li>Local economies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi#Economy" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Dubai" title="Economy of Dubai">Dubai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Telecommunications in the United Arab Emirates">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_telecommunications_companies#United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of telecommunications companies">companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ae" title=".ae">Internet domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_and_Digital_Government_Regulatory_Authority" title="Telecommunications and Digital Government Regulatory Authority">regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Telephone numbers in the United Arab Emirates">telephone numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Transport in the United Arab Emirates">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of airlines of the United Arab Emirates">airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of airports in the United Arab Emirates">airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of bridges in the United Arab Emirates"> bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etihad_Rail" title="Etihad Rail">national rail operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Rail transport in the United Arab Emirates">railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_limits_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Speed limits in the United Arab Emirates">speed limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United Arab Emirates">registration plates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Category:Society of the United Arab Emirates">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Culture47" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Culture of the United Arab Emirates">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishy_Bilady" title="Ishy Bilady">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Architecture of the United Arab Emirates"> Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Emirati_artists" title="List of Emirati artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cinema of the United Arab Emirates">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Clothing in the United Arab Emirates"> Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Emblem of the United Arab Emirates">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_cuisine" title="Emirati cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Flag of the United Arab Emirates">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Arab Emirates">Heritage sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_Arabic" title="Emirati Arabic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Marriage in the United Arab Emirates">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Mass media in the United Arab Emirates">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of newspapers in the United Arab Emirates">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Television in the United Arab Emirates"> television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of museums in the United Arab Emirates"> Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Music of the United Arab Emirates">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the United Arab Emirates">National library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Religion in the United Arab Emirates">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'í Faith in the United Arab Emirates">Bahá'í Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism in the United Arab Emirates">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Christianity in the United Arab Emirates"> Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Hinduism in the United Arab Emirates"> Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Irreligion in the United Arab Emirates"> irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Islam in the United Arab Emirates">Islam <span style="font-size:85%;">(official)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Shia Islam in the United Arab Emirates">Shia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in the United Arab Emirates">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Sikhism in the United Arab Emirates">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Sport in the United Arab Emirates">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camel_racing" title="Camel racing">camel racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cricket in the United Arab Emirates">cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cricket_grounds_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of cricket grounds in the United Arab Emirates">grounds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sporting_events_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of sporting events in the United Arab Emirates">events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Football in the United Arab Emirates">football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of football clubs in the United Arab Emirates">clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_football_stadiums_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of football stadiums in the United Arab Emirates">stadiums</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Ice hockey in the United Arab Emirates">ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Polo in the United Arab Emirates">polo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Time in the United Arab Emirates">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Women in the United Arab Emirates">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Emirati_writers" title="List of Emirati writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Conscription in the United Arab Emirates"> Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Crime in the United Arab Emirates">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Human trafficking in the United Arab Emirates">human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Prostitution in the United Arab Emirates"> prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Terrorism in the United Arab Emirates"> terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Demographics of the United Arab Emirates">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Education in the United Arab Emirates">Education</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Education_in_Abu_Dhabi" title="Education in Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Dubai" title="Education in Dubai">Dubai</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of schools in the United Arab Emirates">schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of universities and colleges in the United Arab Emirates">universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emiratis" title="Emiratis">Emiratis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Emiratis" title="Afro-Emiratis">Afro-Emiratis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_Americans" title="Emirati Americans">Emirati Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_diaspora" title="Emirati diaspora">diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Emiratis" title="List of Emiratis">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expatriates_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates">Expatriates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Americans in the United Arab Emirates">Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Armenians in the United Arab Emirates">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Australians in the United Arab Emirates">Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Canadians in the United Arab Emirates">Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Chinese people in the United Arab Emirates">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Filipinos in the United Arab Emirates">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Indians in the United Arab Emirates">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Indonesians in the United Arab Emirates">Indonesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Iranians in the United Arab Emirates">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqis_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Iraqis in the United Arab Emirates">Iraqis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Jordanians in the United Arab Emirates">Jordanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Lebanese people in the United Arab Emirates">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Pakistanis in the United Arab Emirates">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africans_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="South Africans in the United Arab Emirates">South Africans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Syrians in the United Arab Emirates">Syrians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Health in the United Arab Emirates">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates">COVID-19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United Arab Emirates">vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Healthcare in the United Arab Emirates">healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of hospitals in the United Arab Emirates">hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="HIV/AIDS in the United Arab Emirates">HIV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Public holidays in the United Arab Emirates">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_Day" title="Commemoration Day">Commemoration Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Ramadan in the United Arab Emirates">Ramadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_(United_Arab_Emirates)" title="National Day (United Arab Emirates)">National Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Day_(United_Arab_Emirates)" title="Flag Day (United Arab Emirates)">Flag Day</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Outline of the United Arab Emirates">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Arab_Emirates%E2%80%93related_topics" title="List of United Arab Emirates–related topics">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Arab_Emirates" title="Category:United Arab Emirates">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Arab_Emirates" title="Portal:United Arab Emirates">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Divisions_of_British_India374" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Divisions_of_British_India" title="Template:Divisions of British India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Divisions_of_British_India" title="Template talk:Divisions of British 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Division">Chhattisgarh Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chota_Nagpur_Division" title="Chota Nagpur Division">Chota Nagpur Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Territory" title="Delhi Territory">Delhi Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubbulpore_Division" title="Jubbulpore Division">Jubbulpore Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marri-Bugti_Country" title="Marri-Bugti Country">Marri-Bugti Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medak_Gulshanabad_Division" title="Medak Gulshanabad Division">Medak Gulshanabad Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerbudda_Division" title="Nerbudda Division">Nerbudda Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Circars" title="Northern Circars">Northern Circars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orissa_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa Division">Orissa Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saugor_and_Nerbudda_Territories" title="Saugor and Nerbudda Territories">Saugor and Nerbudda Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sind_Division" title="Sind Division">Sind Division</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trucial States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_British_India" title="Agencies of British India">Agencies of British India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">British rule in Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_British_India" title="Districts of British India">Districts of British India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of British India">Provinces of British India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residencies_of_British_India" title="Residencies of British India">Residencies of British India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_British_India" title="Subdivisions of British India">Subdivisions of British India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_British_Empire" title="Territorial evolution of the British Empire">Territorial evolution of the British Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_British_Empire_and_Current_British_Overseas_Territories685" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_overseas_territories" title="Template:British overseas territories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_overseas_territories" title="Template talk:British overseas territories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_overseas_territories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British overseas territories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_British_Empire_and_Current_British_Overseas_Territories685" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and Current <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Legend</span></dt> <dd>Former territory</dd> <dd><b>Current territory</b></dd> <dd>*Current <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a></dd> <dd><sup>†</sup>Current member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe6" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></b> since 1960 (before as part of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Corsican_Kingdom" title="Anglo-Corsican Kingdom">Corsica</a> 1794–1796</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1878–1960</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b> since 1713</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heligoland" title="Heligoland">Heligoland</a> 1807–1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a> 1809–1864</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a> 1177–1542</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a> 1542–1800 <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Act_of_Union_1800" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Union 1800">integrated into the UK</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Free State</a> 1921–1931</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup>Malta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Protectorate" title="Malta Protectorate">Protectorate</a> 1800–1813</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Colony</a> 1813–1964</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorca" title="Menorca">Minorca</a> 1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa667" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basutoland" title="Basutoland">Basutoland</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>) 1868–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate" title="Bechuanaland Protectorate">Bechuanaland</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>) 1884–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cameroons" title="British Cameroons">Cameroons</a><sup>13</sup> 1919–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> 1795–1803</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape of Good Hope</a> 1806–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Protectorate" title="British Central Africa Protectorate">Central Africa</a> 1891–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Protectorate" title="East Africa Protectorate">East Africa</a> 1895–1920</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">Egypt</a> 1882–1922</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Gambia Colony and Protectorate">The Gambia</a> 1816–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>) 1874–1957</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya</a> 1920–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos_Colony" title="Lagos Colony">Lagos</a> 1862–1906</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Madeira" title="History of Madeira">Madeira</a> 1807–1808</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">Mauritius</a> 1810–1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal</a> 1856–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Coast_Protectorate" title="Niger Coast Protectorate">Niger Coast</a> 1884–1900</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Nigeria" title="Colonial Nigeria">Nigeria</a> 1914–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern Nigeria</a> 1900–1914</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">Northern Rhodesia</a><sup>15</sup> 1924–1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland">Nyasaland</a> 1891–1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River</a> 1900–1910</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1658</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Seychelles" title="History of Seychelles">Seychelles</a> 1903–1976</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate">Sierra Leone</a> 1792–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">Somaliland</a> 1884–1960</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> 1910–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="South-West Africa">South-West Africa</a><sup>12</sup> 1915–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a><sup>14</sup> 1923–1965 and 1979–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Southern Nigeria Protectorate">Southern Nigeria</a> 1900–1914</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Swaziland">Swaziland</a> 1893–1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Sudan</a> 1899–1956</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Territory" title="Tanganyika Territory">Tanganyika</a><sup>13</sup> 1922–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal</a> 1900–1910</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1816</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda Protectorate">Uganda</a> 1890–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> 1890–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zululand</a> 1887–1897</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>12</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><sup>13</sup><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a>. British Cameroons is now part of <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, while Tanganyika is part of <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.</li> <li><sup>14</sup><a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">Self-governing</a> Southern Rhodesia <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">unilaterally declared independence</a> in 1965 (as <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>) and continued as an <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">unrecognised</a> state until the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_House_Agreement" title="Lancaster House Agreement">Lancaster House Agreement</a>. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.</li> <li><sup>15</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Asia334" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Colony" title="Aden Colony">Aden Colony</a> 1839–1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">Afghanistan</a> 1839–1842 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_influence_in_Afghanistan" title="European influence in Afghanistan">Protectorate</a> 1879–1919</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bencoolen" title="British Bencoolen">Bencoolen</a> 1685–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Banka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belitung" title="Belitung">Billiton</a> 1812–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a> 1757–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bhutan" title="History of Bhutan">Bhutan</a> (protectorate) 1907–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">Borneo</a> 1874–1963</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></b> since 1965 (before as part of <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>)<sup>26</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">Burma</a> 1824–1948</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Brunei</a> 1888–1984</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">Ceylon</a> 1795–1948</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1878–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> 1841–1997</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a><sup>18</sup> 1858–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> 1811–1816</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">Kuwait</a> 1918–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Labuan</a> 1848–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a> 1819–1826 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated States</a> 1895–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated States</a> 1885–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Union</a> 1946–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation</a> 1948–1957</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Malacca">Malacca</a> 1824–1946 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malacca" title="Crown Colony of Malacca">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1957</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_the_Maldives" title="Independence of the Maldives">Maldives</a> 1796–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_occupation_of_Manila" title="British occupation of Manila">Manila and Cavite</a> 1762–1764</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Mesopotamia" title="Mandate for Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a><sup>19</sup> 1920–1932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Muscat and Oman</a> 1891–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a> 1882–1963 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1963</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a> 1781–1784 and 1795–1819</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a><sup>19</sup> 1923–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Penang" title="History of Penang">Penang</a> 1786–1946 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Penang" title="Crown Colony of Penang">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1957</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4n_S%C6%A1n_Island" title="Côn Sơn Island">Pulo Condore</a> 1702–1705</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a> 1841–1946 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1963</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Singapore</a> 1946–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">South Vietnam</a> 1945–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> 1826–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a> 1921–1946</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trucial States</a> 1892–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihaiwei_under_British_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Weihaiwei under British rule">Weihai</a> 1898–1930</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>18</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><sup>19</sup><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a>. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Iraqi Treaty">Anglo-Iraqi Treaty</a></li> <li><sup>26</sup>Legitimacy of territorial establishment <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">disputed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="North_America13" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></b> since 1650</li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a> 1632–1860</li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="History of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> 1860–1981</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Bahamas" title="History of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a> 1670–1973</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a> 1624–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands</a> 1643–1860</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">Belize</a> 1871–1981</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></b> since 1619</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Territories" title="British Arctic Territories">British Arctic Territories</a> 16th c.–1880</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1858%E2%80%931866)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)">British Columbia</a> 1858–1866 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1866%E2%80%931871)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)">1866–1871</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a> 1754–1820</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dominica" title="History of Dominica">Dominica</a> 1763–1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a> 1763–1783</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Grenada" title="History of Grenada">Grenada</a> 1762–1974</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower</a> 1791–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper</a> 1791–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province</a> 1841–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Confederation_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931914)" title="Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)">Dominion</a> 1867–1931</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Carolina" title="Province of Carolina">Carolina</a> 1663–1712</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></b> since 1670</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a>/<a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a> 1818–1846</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a> 1636–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a> 1701–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East Jersey</a> 1674–1702</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> 1733–1776</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">Jamaica</a> 1655–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Leeward_Islands" title="British Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a> 1671–1816, 1833–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">MassachusettsBay</a> 1629–1691 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province</a>, 1691–1776</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> 1632–1776</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></b> since 1632</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Mosquito Coast</a> 1655–1860</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a> 1628–1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Albion" title="New Albion">New Albion</a> 1579</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Brunswick" title="History of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> 1784–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">New England</a> 1686–1689</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> 1680–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a> 1637–1662</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> 1665–1674 and 1702–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> 1664–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> 1907–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="History of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> 1583–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> 1712–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Territory" title="North-Western Territory">North-Western Territory</a> 1859–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nova_Scotia" title="History of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> 1713–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulet_affair_(1843)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulet affair (1843)">Paulet affair</a> 1843</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="History of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> 1763–1873</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> 1681–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> 1620–1691</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a> 1763–1791* <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_the_Queen_Charlotte_Islands" title="Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands">Queen Charlotte Islands</a> 1853–1863</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a> 1636–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> 1670–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Croix</a> 1625–1650</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a> 1623–1983</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="History of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> 1882–1983</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> 1605–1979</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> 1627–1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> 1635–1644</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> 1712–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickeen_Territories" title="Stickeen Territories">Stickeen</a> 1862–1863</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="History of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> 1889–1962</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></b> since 1799</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Vancouver_Island" title="Colony of Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> 1849–1866</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></b> since 1666</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> 1607–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_West_Florida" title="British West Florida">West Florida</a> 1763–1783</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a> 1958–1962 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Associated_States" title="West Indies Associated States">Associated States</a> 1967–1983</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a> 1674–1702</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Windward_Islands" title="British Windward Islands">Windward Islands</a> 1833–1960</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oceania230" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">18th and 19th centuries</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">20th century</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">New South Wales</a> 1788–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land" title="Van Diemen's Land">Van Diemen's Land</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Tasmania" title="Colony of Tasmania">Tasmania</a> 1803–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1807–1863</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a><sup>21</sup> 1824–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Queensland" title="Colony of Queensland">Queensland</a> 1824–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_River_Colony" title="Swan River Colony">Swan River</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Western Australia">Western Australia</a> 1829–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of South Australia">South Australia</a> 1836–1901</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="History of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></b> since 1838</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 1841–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Australia" title="North Australia">North Australia</a> 1846–1847</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Victoria" title="Colony of Victoria">Victoria</a> 1851–1901</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Fiji" title="Colony of Fiji">Fiji</a> 1874–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Western_Pacific_Territories" title="British Western Pacific Territories">Western Pacific Territories</a> 1877–1976</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">Papua</a> 1884–1902</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_Federation" title="Cook Islands Federation">Cook Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1888–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Islands">Union Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1889–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a><sup>22</sup> 1892–1979</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Solomon_Islands" title="British Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> 1893–1978</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tonga" title="History of Tonga">Tonga</a> 1900–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Niue" title="History of Niue">Niue</a><sup>20</sup> 1900–1974</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1901%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Australia (1901–1945)">Australia</a> 1901–1942</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 1907–1947</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Western_Samoa_Trust_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Samoa Trust Territory">Samoa</a> 1914–1962</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauru" title="History of Nauru">Nauru</a> 1919–1942 and 1945–1968</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>20</sup>Now part of the <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a></li> <li><sup>21</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><sup>22</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> and <sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="South_America174" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Island_colony" title="Providence Island colony">Providence Island</a> 1631–1641</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willoughbyland" class="mw-redirect" title="Willoughbyland">Willoughbyland</a> 1651–1667</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">Saint Andrew and Providence Islands</a><sup>4</sup> 1670–1688</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">Guiana</a> 1831–1966</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></b><sup>5</sup> since 1833</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></b><sup>5</sup> since 1908</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>4</sup>Now a <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">department</a> of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><sup>5</sup>Occupied by Argentina during the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> of April–June 1982.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctica_and_the_South_Atlantic463" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Antarctica and the South Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1658</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1815</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1816</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></b> since 1833</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a>)</span> 1841–1933</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a>)</span> 1841–1947</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></b><sup>24</sup> since 1908</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></b><sup>25</sup> since 1908</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>23</sup>Since 2009 part of <b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></b>; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.</li> <li><sup>24</sup>Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic Treaty">Antarctic Treaty</a>.</li> <li><sup>25</sup>Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_flags_of_the_British_Empire_and_the_overseas_territories" title="Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories">Historical flags of the British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a> culture</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_Empire" title="Category:British Empire">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:British_Empire" title="Portal:British Empire">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1852345#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata590" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1852345#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata590" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1852345#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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