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Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) | Open Library
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Shirer" alt="The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William L. Shirer" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/6558536-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/risefallofthirdr0000shir?ref=ol" title="Borrow ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--borrow" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Borrow</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL548264W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="The woman who shot Mussolini by Frances Stonor Saunders, Frances Stonor Saunders" alt="The woman who shot Mussolini by Frances Stonor Saunders, Frances Stonor Saunders" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/10661961-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a class="cta-btn cta-btn--preview" data-iframe-src="https://archive.org/details/womanwhoshotmuss0000saun?view=theater&wrapper=false" data-iframe-link="https://archive.org/details/womanwhoshotmuss0000saun" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" href="#bookPreview">Preview Only</a> </div> <div class="hidden"> <div id="bookPreview"> <div class="book-preview"> <div class="floaterHead"> <h2>Preview Book</h2> <a class="dialog--close" data-key="book_preview">×<span class="shift">Close</span></a> </div> <div> <iframe style="width:100%; height:515px"></iframe> <p class="learn-more"> <a data-key="book_preview_learn_more" data-ol-link-track="book_preview_learn_more"> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL1132753W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="My autobiography by Benito Mussolini" alt="My autobiography by Benito Mussolini" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/8516822-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/myautobiography00muss?ref=ol" title="Read ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--read" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Read</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL2672871W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Mussolini by Denis Mack Smith" alt="Mussolini by Denis Mack Smith" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/254154-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/mussolini0000mack_q2l8?ref=ol" title="Borrow ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--borrow" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Borrow</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL17140057W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Numero zero by Umberto Eco" alt="Numero zero by Umberto Eco" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/9582836-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/numerocero0000ecou?ref=ol" title="Borrow ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--borrow" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Borrow</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL1860640W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Mussolini's Italy by R. 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Along the X axis is time, and on the y axis is the count of editions published. <a href="#subjectRelated">Click here to skip the chart</a>.</span> <span class="count hidden chartZoom"> <a href="javascript:;" class="resetSelection small">Reset chart</a> or continue zooming in.</span> <span class="count chartUnzoom"> This graph charts editions published on this subject.</span> </div> <script type="text/json+graph" id="graph-json-chartPubHistory">[[1900, 1], [1901, 1], [1922, 3], [1923, 17], [1924, 2], [1925, 9], [1926, 10], [1927, 19], [1928, 13], [1929, 13], [1930, 4], [1931, 14], [1932, 8], [1933, 8], [1934, 10], [1935, 14], [1936, 14], [1937, 22], [1938, 25], [1939, 19], [1940, 4], [1941, 13], [1942, 11], [1943, 8], [1944, 4], [1945, 9], [1946, 6], [1947, 6], [1948, 4], [1949, 6], [1950, 8], [1951, 2], [1952, 6], [1953, 6], [1954, 2], [1955, 3], [1956, 4], [1957, 2], [1958, 3], [1959, 3], [1960, 8], [1961, 7], [1962, 9], [1963, 10], [1964, 15], [1965, 11], [1966, 18], [1967, 10], [1968, 16], [1969, 16], [1970, 9], [1971, 10], [1972, 12], [1973, 15], [1974, 12], [1975, 21], [1976, 9], [1977, 10], [1978, 15], [1979, 8], [1980, 11], [1981, 15], [1982, 21], [1983, 27], [1984, 6], [1985, 6], [1986, 10], [1987, 8], [1988, 9], [1989, 11], [1990, 9], [1991, 8], [1992, 7], [1993, 13], [1994, 15], [1995, 21], [1996, 21], [1997, 18], [1998, 15], [1999, 15], [2000, 31], [2001, 21], [2002, 21], [2003, 24], [2004, 22], [2005, 19], [2006, 24], [2007, 32], [2008, 23], [2009, 19], [2010, 31], [2011, 24], [2012, 31], [2013, 25], [2014, 13], [2015, 15], [2016, 11], [2017, 5], [2018, 14], [2019, 8], [2020, 11], [2021, 11], [2022, 14], [2024, 1]]</script> <div class="chart"> <div class="chartYaxis">Editions Published</div> <div id="chartPubHistory" class="thisChart"> <noscript>You need to have JavaScript turned on to see the nifty chart!</noscript> </div> <div class="chartXaxis">Year of Publication</div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="head" id="subjectRelated"> <h2>Related...</h2> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">Subjects</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/history">History</a>, <a href="/subjects/fascism">Fascism</a>, <a href="/subjects/politics_and_government">Politics and government</a>, <a href="/subjects/biography">Biography</a>, <a href="/subjects/heads_of_state">Heads of state</a>, <a href="/subjects/world_war_1939-1945">World War, 1939-1945</a>, <a href="/subjects/foreign_relations">Foreign relations</a>, <a href="/subjects/mussolini_benito_1883-1945">Mussolini, benito, 1883-1945</a>, <a href="/subjects/death_and_burial">Death and burial</a>, <a href="/subjects/death">Death</a>, <a href="/subjects/fascists">Fascists</a>, <a href="/subjects/fiction">Fiction</a>, <a href="/subjects/friends_and_associates">Friends and associates</a>, <a href="/subjects/fascism_italy">Fascism, italy</a>, <a href="/subjects/relations_with_women">Relations with women</a>, <a href="/subjects/family">Family</a>, <a href="/subjects/dictators">Dictators</a>, <a href="/subjects/italy_politics_and_government">Italy, politics and government</a>, <a href="/subjects/sources">Sources</a>, <a href="/subjects/jews">Jews</a> </span> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">Places</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/place:italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:dongo_(italy)">Dongo (Italy)</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:united_states">United States</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:dongo">Dongo</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:france">France</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:great_britain">Great Britain</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:soviet_union">Soviet Union</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:rome_(italy)">Rome (Italy)</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:italy_(fascist_republic__1943-1945)">Italy (Fascist Republic : 1943-1945)</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:england">England</a> </span> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">People</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/person:adolf_hitler_(1889-1945)">Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:clara_petacci_(1912-1945)">Clara Petacci (1912-1945)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:benito_mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:joseph_stalin_(1879-1953)">Joseph Stalin (1879-1953)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:franklin_d._roosevelt_(1882-1945)">Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:margherita_sarfatti_(1880-1961)">Margherita Sarfatti (1880-1961)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:gabriele_d'annunzio_(1863-1938)">Gabriele D'Annunzio (1863-1938)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:vladimir_ilʹich_lenin_(1870-1924)">Vladimir Ilʹich Lenin (1870-1924)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:winston_churchill_sir_(1874-1965)">Winston Churchill Sir (1874-1965)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:francisco_franco_(1892-1975)">Francisco Franco (1892-1975)</a> </span> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">Times</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/time:1922-1945">1922-1945</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:20th_century">20th century</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1914-1945">1914-1945</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:german_occupation_1943-1945">German occupation, 1943-1945</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1870-1914">1870-1914</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1914-1922">1914-1922</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1918-1945">1918-1945</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1933-1945">1933-1945</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1943-1947">1943-1947</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:march_on_rome_1922">March on Rome, 1922</a> </span> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div id="resultsAuthors" class="widget-box"> <div class="head"> <h3>Prolific Authors</h3> <div class="smallest lightgreen sansserif">who have written the most books on this subject</div> </div> <div class="unordered"> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL115575A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Benito Mussolini</a>, </span> <span class="count">20 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL416471A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Roberto Festorazzi</a>, </span> <span class="count">12 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1957949A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Rachele Mussolini</a>, </span> <span class="count">7 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL46246A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Fabrizio Bernini</a>, </span> <span class="count">7 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL5184025A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Filippo Giannini</a>, </span> <span class="count">7 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL44678A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Silvio Bertoldi</a>, </span> <span class="count">6 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL79849A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Paolo Monelli</a>, </span> <span class="count">6 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1720449A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Vittorio Mussolini</a>, </span> <span class="count">5 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1947380A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">F. W. Deakin</a>, </span> <span class="count">5 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL222756A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">R. J. B. Bosworth</a>, </span> <span class="count">5 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL249235A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Emilio Gentile</a>, </span> <span class="count">5 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL44552A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Arrigo Petacco</a>, </span> <span class="count">5 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL55472A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Max Gallo</a>, </span> <span class="count">5 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL56112A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Luciano Garibaldi</a>, </span> <span class="count">5 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL80915A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Renzo De Felice</a>, </span> <span class="count">5 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL123437A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Balabanoff, Angelica</a>, </span> <span class="count">4 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL130325A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Emilio Lussu</a>, </span> <span class="count">4 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL131067A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Giorgio Pini</a>, </span> <span class="count">4 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL132445A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Ivon De Begnac</a>, </span> <span class="count">4 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1637368A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Bianchi, Gianfranco</a>, </span> <span class="count">4 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL202336A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Fabio Andriola</a>, </span> <span class="count">4 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL2328727A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Margherita Grassini Sarfatti</a>, </span> <span class="count">4 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL3016779A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Romano Mussolini</a>, </span> <span class="count">4 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL389991A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Denis Mack Smith</a>, </span> <span class="count">4 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL49350A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Antonio Spinosa</a>, </span> <span class="count">4 books</span> <br/> </div> </div> <div class="spacer"></div> <div class="section clearfix"></div> </div> </div> <!--For analytics--> <div class="clearfix"></div> <footer> <div id="footer-content" > <div id="footer-links"> <div> <h2>Open Library</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/about/vision">Vision</a></li> <li><a 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