CINXE.COM
Subjects | Open Library
<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> <head> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="title" content="" /> <meta name="keywords" content="free books, books to read, free ebooks, audio books, read books for free, read books online, online library"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="author" content="OpenLibrary.org" /> <meta name="creator" content="OpenLibrary.org" /> <meta name="copyright" content="Original content copyright; 2007-2015" /> <meta name="distribution" content="Global" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#e2dcc5"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://athena.archive.org"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Open Library" href="/static/opensearch.xml"> <link rel="manifest" href="/static/manifest.json"> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-128x128.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-152x152.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-167x167.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="167x167" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-180x180.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-192x192.png" rel="icon" sizes="192x192" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-128x128.png" rel="icon" sizes="128x128" /> <link href="/static/build/page-user.css?v=61bdc5b9bd5d4281acbc67b489096d9b" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <noscript> <style> /* Don't hide content with clamp if no js to show more/less */ .clamp { -webkit-line-clamp: unset !important; } /* Don't show read-more sections collapsed */ .read-more__content { max-height: unset !important; } /* Don't show read-more toggle buttons */ .read-more__toggle { display: none !important; } /* @width-breakpoint-tablet media query: */ @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { /* Sticky navbar to top of screen if compact title cannot be stickied */ .work-menu { top: 0 !important; } } </style> </noscript> <script> /* @licstart The following is the entire license notice for the * JavaScript code in this page. * * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU Affero General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. * * @licend The above is the entire license notice * for the JavaScript code in this page. */ </script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KrqcZD4l5BLNVyjzSi2sjZBiwgmkJ1W7n6w7ThD7A74" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="vtXGm8q3UgP-f6qXTvQBo85uh3nmIYIotVqqdJDpyz4" /> <!-- Drini, Google Search Console --> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="XYOJ9Uj0MBr6wk7kj1IkttXrqY-bbRstFMADTfEt354" /> <!-- Drini, Bing Webmaster Tools --> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="8BEBECBEF537077737975A49D55B857D" /> <meta name="description" content="Open Library is an open, editable library catalog, building towards a web page for every book ever published. Read, borrow, and discover more than 3M books for free." /> <title>Subjects | Open Library</title> </head> <body class="" > <script> // Provide a signal that JS will load document.body.className += ' client-js'; </script> <span id="top"></span> <div id="offline-info">It looks like you're offline.</div> <div id="donato"></div> <script src="/cdn/archive.org/donate.js" data-platform="ol"></script> <div id="topNotice"> <div class="page-banner page-banner-black page-banner-center"> <div class="iaBar"> <a class="iaLogo" href="https://archive.org"><img alt="Internet Archive logo" src="/static/images/ia-logo.svg" width="160"></a> <a class="ghost-btn iabar-mobile" href="https://archive.org/donate/?platform=ol&origin=olwww-TopNavDonateButton" data-ol-link-track="IABar|DonateButton">Donate <span class="heart" aria-hidden="true">♥</span></a> <div class="language-component header-dropdown iabar-mobile"> <details> <summary> <span>English (en)</span> <img class="translate-icon" src="/static/images/language-icon.svg" title="Change Website Language" alt="Change Website Language"/> </summary> <div class="language-dropdown-component"> <ul class="locale-options dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#" lang="cs" data-lang-id="cs" title="Czech">Čeština (cs)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="de" data-lang-id="de" title="German">Deutsch (de)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="en" data-lang-id="en" title="English">English (en)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="es" data-lang-id="es" title="Spanish">Español (es)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="fr" data-lang-id="fr" title="French">Français (fr)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="hr" data-lang-id="hr" title="Croatian">Hrvatski (hr)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="it" data-lang-id="it" title="Italian">Italiano (it)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="pt" data-lang-id="pt" title="Portuguese">Português (pt)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="hi" data-lang-id="hi" title="Hindi">हिंदी (hi)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="sc" data-lang-id="sc" title="Sardinian">Sardu (sc)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="te" data-lang-id="te" title="Telugu">తెలుగు (te)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="uk" data-lang-id="uk" title="Ukrainian">Українська (uk)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="zh" data-lang-id="zh" title="Chinese">中文 (zh)</a></li> </ul> </div> </details> </div> </div> </div> </div> <header id="header-bar" class="header-bar"> <div class="logo-component"> <a href="/" title="The Internet Archive's Open Library: One page for every book"> <div class="logo-txt"> <img class="logo-icon" src="/static/images/openlibrary-logo-tighter.svg" width="189" height="47" alt="Open Library logo"/> </div> </a> </div> <ul class="navigation-component"> <li> <div class="mybooks-component header-dropdown"> <a href="/account/books" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|MyBooks>My Books</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="browse-component header-dropdown"> <details> <summary > Browse <span class="shift">Menu</span> <img class="down-arrow" aria-hidden="true" src="/static/images/down-arrow.png" alt="" role="presentation" width="7" height="4"> </summary> <div class="browse-dropdown-component navigation-dropdown-component" > <ul class="dropdown-menu browse-dropdown-menu"> <li> <a href="/subjects" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Subjects> Subjects </a> </li> <li> <a href="/trending" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Trending> Trending </a> </li> <li> <a href="/explore" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Explore> Library Explorer </a> </li> <li> <a href="/lists" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Lists> Lists </a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Collections> Collections </a> </li> <li> <a href="/k-12" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|K12Library> K-12 Student Library </a> </li> <li> <a href="/booktalks" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|BookTalks> Book Talks </a> </li> <li> <a href="/random" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|RandomBook> Random Book </a> </li> <li> <a href="/advancedsearch" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|AdvancedSearch> Advanced Search </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="search-component"> <div class="search-bar-component"> <div class="search-bar"> <div class="search-facet"> <label class="search-facet-selector"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="search-facet-value">All</span> <select aria-label="Search by"> <option value="all">All</option> <option value="title">Title</option> <option value="author">Author</option> <option value="text">Text</option> <option value="subject">Subject</option> <option value="lists">Lists</option> <option value="advanced">Advanced</option> </select> </label> </div> <form class="search-bar-input" action="/search" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" autocomplete="off"> <input name="mode" type="checkbox" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Search checkbox" checked="checked" value="" id="ftokenstop" class="hidden instantsearch-mode"> <input type="submit" value="" class="search-bar-submit" aria-label="Search submit"> <div class="vertical-separator"></div> <a id="barcode_scanner_link" class="search-by-barcode-submit" aria-label="Search by barcode" title="Search by barcode" href="/barcodescanner?returnTo=/isbn/$$$" > </a> </form> </div> <div class="search-dropdown"> <ul class="search-results"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="auth-component"> <li class="hide-me"> <a class="btn" href="/account/login">Log In</a></li> <li><a class="btn primary" href="/account/create">Sign Up</a></li> </ul> <div class="hamburger-component header-dropdown"> <details> <summary data-ol-link-track="HeaderBar|Hamburger"> <img class="hamburger__icon" src="/static/images/hamburger-icon.svg" alt="additional options menu"/> <img class="down-arrow" aria-hidden="true" src="/static/images/down-arrow.png" alt="" role="presentation" width="7" height="4"> </summary> <div class="mask-menu"></div> <div class="app-drawer" > <ul class="dropdown-menu hamburger-dropdown-menu"> <li class="subsection"> My Open Library </li> <li class="login-links"> <a class="login-links__secondary" href="/account/login">Log In</a> <a class="login-links__primary" href="/account/create">Sign Up</a> </li> <li class="subsection"> Browse </li> <li> <a href="/subjects" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Subjects> Subjects </a> </li> <li> <a href="/trending" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Trending> Trending </a> </li> <li> <a href="/explore" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Explore> Library Explorer </a> </li> <li> <a href="/lists" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Lists> Lists </a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Collections> Collections </a> </li> <li> <a href="/k-12" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|K12Library> K-12 Student Library </a> </li> <li> <a href="/booktalks" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|BookTalks> Book Talks </a> </li> <li> <a href="/random" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|RandomBook> Random Book </a> </li> <li> <a href="/advancedsearch" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|AdvancedSearch> Advanced Search </a> </li> <li class="subsection"> Contribute </li> <li> <a href="/books/add" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|AddBook> Add a Book </a> </li> <li> <a href="/recentchanges" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|RecentEdits> Recent Community Edits </a> </li> <li class="subsection"> Resources </li> <li> <a href="/help" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Help> Help & Support </a> </li> <li> <a href="/developers" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|DevelopersHelp> Developer Center </a> </li> <li> <a href="/librarians" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|LibrariansHelp> Librarians Portal </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </div> </header> <header class="header-bar mobile"> <ul class="navigation-component mobile"> <li> <div class="mybooks-component header-dropdown"> <a href="/account/books" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|MyBooks>My Books</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="browse-component header-dropdown"> <details> <summary > Browse <span class="shift">Menu</span> <img class="down-arrow" aria-hidden="true" src="/static/images/down-arrow.png" alt="" role="presentation" width="7" height="4"> </summary> <div class="browse-dropdown-component navigation-dropdown-component" > <ul class="dropdown-menu browse-dropdown-menu"> <li> <a href="/subjects" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Subjects> Subjects </a> </li> <li> <a href="/trending" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Trending> Trending </a> </li> <li> <a href="/explore" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Explore> Library Explorer </a> </li> <li> <a href="/lists" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Lists> Lists </a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Collections> Collections </a> </li> <li> <a href="/k-12" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|K12Library> K-12 Student Library </a> </li> <li> <a href="/booktalks" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|BookTalks> Book Talks </a> </li> <li> <a href="/random" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|RandomBook> Random Book </a> </li> <li> <a href="/advancedsearch" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|AdvancedSearch> Advanced Search </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </div> </li> </ul> </header> <div id="test-body-mobile"> <div class="flash-messages"> </div> <div id="contentHead"> <div id="editTools" class="edit"> <div id="editInfo"> <div class="brown smaller sansserif">Last edited by <a rel="nofollow" href="/people/LeadSongDog" >LeadSongDog</a></div> <div class="smallest gray sansserif">March 2, 2021 | <a href="/subjects?m=history" rel="nofollow" title="View this template's edit history">History</a></div> </div> <div class="editButton"> <!-- FIXME: accesskey / keyboard shortcut needs i18n --> <a class="cta-btn cta-btn--vanilla" href="/subjects.en?m=edit" title="Edit this page" data-ol-link-track="CTAClick|Edit" accesskey="e" rel="nofollow" >Edit</a> </div> </div> <h1>Subjects</h1> </div> <div id="contentBody"> <form action="/search/subjects" class="olform"> <p> <input type="text" name="q" id="searchSubjects" size="100" class="larger" value=""/> <input type="submit" class="large" value="Search"/> </p> </form> <div id="subjectsPage"> <h3>Arts</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="/subjects/architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li> <a href="/subjects/art__art_instruction">Art Instruction</a> </li> <li> <a href="/subjects/history_of_art__art__design_styles">Art History</a> </li> <li> <a href="/subjects/dance">Dance</a> </li> <li> <a href="/subjects/design">Design</a> </li> <li> <a href="/subjects/fashion">Fashion</a> </li> <li> <a href="/subjects/film">Film</a> </li> <li> <a href="/subjects/graphic_design">Graphic Design</a> </li> <li> <a href="/subjects/music">Music</a> </li> <li> <a href="/subjects/music_theory">Music Theory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/subjects/painting__paintings">Painting</a> </li> <li> <a href="/subjects/photography">Photography</a> </li> </ul> <h3>Animals</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/subjects/bears">Bears</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/cats">Cats</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/kittens">Kittens</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/dogs">Dogs</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/puppies">Puppies</a> </li> </ul> <h3><a href="/subjects/fiction">Fiction</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/subjects/fantasy">Fantasy</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/historical_fiction">Historical Fiction</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/horror">Horror</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/humor">Humor</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/literature">Literature</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/magic">Magic</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/mystery_and_detective_stories">Mystery and detective stories</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/plays">Plays</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/poetry">Poetry</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/romance">Romance</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/science_fiction">Science Fiction</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/short_stories">Short Stories</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/thriller">Thriller</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/young_adult_fiction">Young Adult</a> </li> </ul> <h3><a href="/subjects/sciencemathematics">Science & Mathematics</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/subjects/biology">Biology</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/chemistry">Chemistry</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/mathematics">Mathematics</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/physics">Physics</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/programming">Programming</a> </li> </ul> <h3><a href="/subjects/business">Business & Finance</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/subjects/management">Management</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/business__economics">Business Economics</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/success_in_business">Business Success</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/finance">Finance</a> </li> </ul> <h3><a href="/subjects/juvenile_fiction">Children's</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/subjects/juvenile_literature">Kids Books</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/stories_in_rhyme">Stories in Rhyme</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/infancy">Baby Books</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/bedtime">Bedtime Books</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/picture_books">Picture Books</a> </li> </ul> <h3><a href="/subjects/history">History</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/subjects/ancient_civilization">Ancient Civilization</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/archaeology">Archaeology</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/anthropology">Anthropology</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3AHistory&subject_facet=History&subject_facet=World+War%2C+1939-1945">World War II</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3AHistory&subject_facet=History&subject_facet=Social+life+and+customs">Social Life and Customs</a> </li> </ul> <h3>Health & Wellness</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/subjects/cooking">Cooking</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/cookbooks">Cookbooks</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/mental_health">Mental Health</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/exercise">Exercise</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/nutrition">Nutrition</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/self-help">Self-help</a> </li> </ul> <h3><a href="/subjects/biography">Biography</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/subjects/autobiography">Autobiographies</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ABiography&subject_facet=Biography&subject_facet=History">History</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ABiography&subject_facet=Biography&subject_facet=Politics+and+government">Politics and Government</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ABiography&subject_facet=Biography&subject_facet=World+War%2C+1939-1945">World War II</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ABiography&subject_facet=Biography&subject_facet=Women">Women</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ABiography&subject_facet=Biography&subject_facet=Kings+and+rulers">Kings and Rulers</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ABiography&subject_facet=Biography&subject_facet=Composers">Composers</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ABiography&subject_facet=Biography&subject_facet=Artists">Artists</a> </li> </ul> <h3>Social Sciences</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/subjects/anthropology">Anthropology</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/religion">Religion</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/political_science">Political Science</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/psychology">Psychology</a> </li> </ul> <h3>Places</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/subjects/place%3Abrazil">Brazil</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/place%3Aindia">India</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/place%3Aindonesia">Indonesia</a> </li> <li><a href="/subjects/place%3Aunited_states">United States</a> </li> </ul> <h3><a href="/subjects/textbooks">Textbooks</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ATextbooks&subject_facet=Textbooks&subject_facet=History">History</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ATextbooks&subject_facet=Textbooks&subject_facet=Mathematics">Mathematics</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ATextbooks&subject_facet=Textbooks&subject_facet=Geography">Geography</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ATextbooks&subject_facet=Textbooks&subject_facet=Psychology">Psychology</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ATextbooks&subject_facet=Textbooks&subject_facet=Algebra">Algebra</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ATextbooks&subject_facet=Textbooks&subject_facet=Education">Education</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ATextbook+subject%3ABusiness&subject_facet=Textbooks">Business & Economics</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ATextbooks&subject_facet=Textbooks&subject_facet=Science">Science</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ATextbooks&subject_facet=Textbooks&subject_facet=Chemistry">Chemistry</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ATextbooks&subject_facet=Textbooks&subject_facet=English+language">English Language</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3ATextbooks&subject_facet=Textbooks&subject_facet=Physics">Physics</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=subject%3A%22Computer+science%22&sort=editions&subject_facet=Computer+science">Computer Science</a> </li> </ul> <h3>Books by Language</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/search?q=language%3Aeng">English</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=language%3Afre">French</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=language%3Aspa">Spanish</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=language%3Ager">German</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=language%3Arus">Russian</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=language%3Aita">Italian</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=language%3Achi">Chinese</a> </li> <li><a href="/search?q=language%3Ajpn">Japanese</a> </li> <li><a href="/languages">See more...</a> </li> </ul> </div> <hr/> <h3>What's a subject heading?</h3> <p>As the wise Wikipedia says: "The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) comprise a thesaurus (in the information science sense, a controlled vocabulary) of subject headings, maintained by the United States Library of Congress, for use in bibliographic records. LC Subject Headings are an integral part of bibliographic control, which is the function by which libraries collect, organize, and disseminate documents.... Subject headings are normally applied to every item within a library's collection and facilitate a user's access to items in the catalog that pertain to similar subject matter." </p> <p>Side note: Interestingly, professional library catalogers are often restricted to a limit of 3 in the number of subjects they may use. We collect general subjects, places mentioned, people mentioned, and even the time period the book is about. Feel free to imitate or enhance existing headings, or create an entirely new one. Or two. Or three. Or five. </p> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div id="pageHistory"> <div class="head"> <h2 class="collapse inline"> History </h2> <ul class="pageHistory__list inline"> <li class="title inline">Created February 25, 2021</li> <li class="link inline"><a rel="nofollow" href="/subjects?m=history">3 revisions</a></li> </ul> </div> <table class="history"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="timestamp"><a rel="nofollow" href="/subjects.en?v=3" title="View revision 3">March 2, 2021</a></td> <td class="timestamp"> Edited by <a rel="nofollow" href="/people/LeadSongDog" class="truncate" >LeadSongDog</a> </td> <td class="detail"> Wikipedia hasn’t said that since 2010 </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="timestamp"><a rel="nofollow" href="/subjects.en?v=2" title="View revision 2">February 25, 2021</a></td> <td class="timestamp"> Edited by <a rel="nofollow" href="/people/ScarTissue" class="truncate" >Drini</a> </td> <td class="detail"> add body </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="timestamp"><a rel="nofollow" href="/subjects.en?v=1" title="View revision 1">February 25, 2021</a></td> <td class="timestamp"> Created by <a rel="nofollow" href="/people/ScarTissue" class="truncate" >Drini</a> </td> <td class="detail"> <em>Edited without comment.</em> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <!--For analytics--> <div class="clearfix"></div> <footer> <div id="footer-content" > <div id="footer-links"> <div> <h2>Open Library</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/about/vision">Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteer</a></li> <li><a href="/partner-with-us">Partner With Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/about/jobs.php" title="Jobs">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.openlibrary.org/">Blog</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/about/terms.php">Terms of Service</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/donate/?platform=ol&origin=olwww-TopNavDonateButton">Donate</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2>Discover</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Go home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/search" title="Explore Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/search/authors" title="Explore authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/subjects" title="Explore subjects">Subjects</a></li> <li><a href="/collections" title="Explore collections">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/advancedsearch" title="Advanced Search">Advanced Search</a></li> <li><a href="#top" title="Navigate to top of this page">Return to Top</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2>Develop</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/developers" title="Explore Open Library Developer Center">Developer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/developers/api" title="Explore Open Library APIs">API Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/developers/dumps" title="Bulk Open Library data">Bulk Data Dumps</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary/wiki/Writing-Bots" title="Write a bot">Writing Bots</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2>Help</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/help">Help Center</a></li> <li><a href="mailto:openlibrary@archive.org?subject=Support Case" title="Contact">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/help/faq/editing" title="Suggest Edits">Suggesting Edits</a></li> <li><a href="/books/add" title="Add a new book to Open Library">Add a Book</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary/releases" title="Release Notes">Release Notes</a></li> </ul> <aside> <a class="footer-icon" title="Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/OpenLibrary"><img src="/static/images/tweet.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></a> <a class="footer-icon" title="GitHub" href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary"><img src="/static/images/github.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></a> </aside> </div> <div> <h2>Change Website Language</h2> <ul class="locale-options "> <li><a href="#" lang="cs" data-lang-id="cs" title="Czech">Čeština (cs)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="de" data-lang-id="de" title="German">Deutsch (de)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="en" data-lang-id="en" title="English">English (en)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="es" data-lang-id="es" title="Spanish">Español (es)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="fr" data-lang-id="fr" title="French">Français (fr)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="hr" data-lang-id="hr" title="Croatian">Hrvatski (hr)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="it" data-lang-id="it" title="Italian">Italiano (it)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="pt" data-lang-id="pt" title="Portuguese">Português (pt)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="hi" data-lang-id="hi" title="Hindi">हिंदी (hi)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="sc" data-lang-id="sc" title="Sardinian">Sardu (sc)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="te" data-lang-id="te" title="Telugu">తెలుగు (te)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="uk" data-lang-id="uk" title="Ukrainian">Українська (uk)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="zh" data-lang-id="zh" title="Chinese">中文 (zh)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <hr> <div id="footer-details"> <img id="archive-logo" src="/static/images/pantheon.png" alt="Open Library logo" loading="lazy"> <div id="legal-details" > <span>Open Library is an initiative of the <a href="//archive.org/">Internet Archive</a>, a 501(c)(3) non-profit, building a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form. Other <a href="//archive.org/projects/">projects</a> include the <a href="//archive.org/web/">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="//archive.org/">archive.org</a> and <a href="//archive-it.org">archive-it.org</a></span> </div> <div id="version-details"> <span class="version">version <a href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary/commit/45a0122">45a0122</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script src="/cdn/archive.org/analytics.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/static/build/all.js?v=a73cfa9d42a0f061e2777a2207e24a8c" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- Passes total_time for analytics to ol.analytics.js --> <div class="analytics-stats-time-calculator" data-time="41.57280921936035"></div> </body> </html>