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Feldforschung mit Linked Open Data: Die Forschungslandschaft der digitalen Geschichts- und Geisteswissenschaften auf Wikidata abbilden … und auffinden – Digital History Berlin
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März 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-03-14T11:26:40+01:00">14. März 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> von <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://dhistory.hypotheses.org/author/anicaskibba">anicaskibba</a></span></span></div><!-- .entry-meta --><h1 class="entry-title">Feldforschung mit Linked Open Data: Die Forschungslandschaft der digitalen Geschichts- und Geisteswissenschaften auf Wikidata abbilden … und auffinden</h1> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-content"> <p>In diesem Beitrag stelle ich anlässlich der Anfang März in Bielefeld stattfindenden <a href="https://dhd2025.dig-hum.de">DHd2025 Konferenz</a> mit dem Thema “Under Construction” kurz unser offenes und community-fokussiertes <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Field_Survey_Digital_Humanities_/_Digital_History">Field Mapping von Digital Humanities und Digital History</a> in Deuschland, Österreich und der Schweiz auf der Basis von <a href="https://wikidata.org/">Wikidata</a> und SPARQL-Abfragen vor. Ziel dieses Blogbeitrags ist es, unseren Arbeitszyklus zum Field Mapping vorzustellen sowie einen Vorschlag der Nutzung dieser Daten auf Wikidata und den Wikidata Query Service mit Hilfe von SPARQL-Abfragen vorzustellen.</p> <span id="more-9858"></span> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Datengrundlage</h2> <p>Die Datengrundlage dieses Mappings besteht größtenteils aus frei verfügbaren Konferenzabstracts und Beiträgen zu relevanten Fachzeitschriften, die mehrheitlich als <a href="https://tei-c.org/">TEI/XML</a> serialisiert vorliegen und deren Metadaten mit XSLT extrahiert und zu MODS/XML transformiert wurden. Diese wurden um auf Fachportalen publizierten Informationen zu Institutionen ergänzt.</p> <p>Die umfangreichste Basis für unsere Analyse bildeten die <a href="https://github.com/DHd-Verband">Korpora der deutschsprachigen Digital Humanities-Konferenzen (DHd)</a> der Jahre 2014 bis 2023. Dabei wurden die Vortragenden dieser Konferenzen sowie ihre institutionelle Zugehörigkeit zum jeweiligen Zeitpunkt der Veranstaltung aus den Daten extrahiert. Neben der durch die Autor:innen vorgenommenen Klassifizierung ihrer Beiträge mit TaDiRAH, wurden alle Personen dem Forschungsbereich “Digital Humanities” zugeordnet.</p> <p>Zwei weitere Korpora basieren auf den Metadaten der Publikationen in der <a href="https://zfdg.de"><em>Zeitschrift für digitale Geisteswissenschaften</em> (ZfdG)</a> und im <a href="http://digitalhumanities.org/dhq/"><em>Digital Humanities Quarterly</em> (DHQ)</a>. Auch hier wurden Autor:innen und ihre institutionellen Affiliierungen extrahiert. Zusätzlich zu den dort teilweise vorhandenen Klassifikationen durch die Autor:innen und Zeitschriften, wurden alle Beiträge dem Feld der Digital Humanities zugeordnet.</p> <p>Zusätzlich wurde das Programm der Konferenz “Digital History & Citizen Science” (September 2024) einbezogen. Die Daten wurden freundlicherweise vom Organisationsteam um Katrin Möller (Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg) bereitgestellt. Darüber hinaus ist das Programm kurzfristig noch <a href="https://www.conftool.org/digital-humanities-citizen-science-2024/index.php?page=browseSessions&print=embed&letter=all&mode=authors&type=presentations">hier</a> abrufbar. Für die vorliegende Untersuchung wurden die Vortragenden (Autor:innen) sowie ihre institutionelle Zugehörigkeit extrahiert und mit der Forschungstätigkeit “Digital History” in Wikidata verknüpft. Da diese Konferenz explizit Citizen Scientists und Forschende zusammenbrachte, wurde der Datensatz anhand der institutionellen Zugehörigkeit bereinigt: Angehörige von Vereinen und privaten Organisationen für Citizen Scientists wurden ausgeschlossen, da diese nicht im Fokus unserer Untersuchung liegen. Allerdings werden in einem weiteren Schritt die Vortragenden, die als Citizen Scientists identifiziert wurden, gesondert für Wikidata aufbereitet, um zukünftig auch Citizen Scientists in angepassten Abfragen berücksichtigen zu können.</p> <p>Um die Übernahme von Daten aus Konferenzprogrammen zukünftig zu vereinfachen, haben wir eine Erweiterung der weitläufig genutzten Software ConfTool in Auftrag gegeben. Diese wird bibliographische Metadaten zu sämtlichen Beiträgen eines Programmes als BibLaTeX zum Download anbieten und allen zukünftigen Nutzer_innen von ConfTool wahrscheinlich ab dem Frühsommer 2025 zur Verfügung stehen.</p> <p>Gespräche mit den Verantwortlichen des <a href="https://dh-abstracts.library.virginia.edu">Index of Digital Humanities Conferences</a> (Lincoln et al. 2021) zur wechselseitigen Übernahme von Daten laufen momentan.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Der Field Survey</h2> <p>Der Survey ist als ein <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Field_Survey_Digital_Humanities_/_Digital_History">WikiProject auf Wikidata</a> angelegt, wo wir u.a. das Datenmodell dokumentieren und einen beispielhaften SPARQL Query anbieten.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Datenmodell</h2> <p>Wie von Isabel Trilling auf diesem Blog <a href="https://dhistory.hypotheses.org/9843">beschrieben</a>, sind alle Daten immer bereits modelliert und für die Aufarbeitung müssen wir festlegen, welche Informationen für unsere aktuelles Szenario relevant sind und mit vertretbarem Aufwand bereinigt werden können.</p> <p>Für das Anwendungsbeispiel soll die eingangs des Beitrags gestellte Frage beantwortet werden können: Wer forscht im Bereich der Digital Humanities und Digital History in der DACH-Region? Auf der Basis des von uns erstellten <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Field_Survey_Digital_Humanities_/_Digital_History/Data_Model">Datenmodells</a> (Trilling und Skibba 2025) wurden dafür alle Personen wie folgt nach <a href="https://wikidata.org/">Wikidata</a> zu gemapped:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li><em>Ist ein(e)</em> (P31) ist <em>Mensch</em> (Q5);</li> <li>hat einen <em>Arbeitgeber (P108)</em> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>zu einem bestimmten <em>Zeitpunkt/Stand (P585)</em>;</li> </ul> </li> <li>folgt einer <em>Tätigkeit (P106)</em> als <em>Wissenschaftler (Q901)</em>;</li> <li>im <em>Arbeitsgebiet (P101)</em> von <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li><em>Digital Humanities (Q1026962)</em> und/oder</li> <li><em>Digital History (Q336387)</em>;</li> </ul> </li> <li>optional hat sie Identifier in anderen Datensätzen, wie beispielsweise <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li><em>ORCID iD (P496)</em>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Wie fragen wir die Daten jetzt ab?</h2> <p>Auf der Basis dieses Modells lässt sich unsere Forschungsfrage nun mit einer <a href="https://query-main.wikidata.org/embed.html#%23title%3A%20Digital%20Historians%20and%20Digital%20Humanists%20in%20the%20DACH%20region%0A%23defaultView%3AMap%7B%22hide%22%3A%5B%22%3Fcoords%22%5D%2C%20%22markercluster%22%3A%20%22true%22%7D%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%0A%20%20%3Fpers%0A%20%20%28CONCAT%28%3FpersLabel%2C%20%22%20%28%22%2C%20%3ForgLabel%2C%20%22%29%22%29%20AS%20%3Flabel%29%0A%20%20%3Fcoords%0A%23%20get%20researchers%20in%20specific%20fields%20of%20work%3A%20potentially%20very%20large%20number%20of%20results%0AWITH%20%7B%0A%20%20SELECT%20DISTINCT%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fpers%20%3Forg%0A%20%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%23BIND%28wd%3AQ49144246%20AS%20%3Fpers%29.%20%23%20debugging%20Q99529696%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fpers%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ5%3B%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20humans%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP101%20%3FfieldOfWork%3B%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20having%20a%20field%20of%20work%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP108%7Cwdt%3AP1416%20%3Forg.%20%20%20%20%23%20employer%0A%20%20%20%20%3Forg%20wdt%3AP17%2Fwdt%3AP279%2a%20%3Fcountry%20.%20%20%23%20get%20country%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20limit%20to%20fields%20of%20work%0A%20%20%20%20VALUES%20%3FfieldOfWork%20%7B%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wd%3AQ336387%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20digital%20history%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wd%3AQ1026962%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20digital%20humanities%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20limit%20to%20countries%0A%20%20%20%20VALUES%20%3Fcountry%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wd%3AQ183%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Germany%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wd%3AQ39%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Switzerland%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wd%3AQ40%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Austria%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%7D%20LIMIT%208000%0A%7D%20as%20%25researchers%0A%23%20get%20affiliations%20and%20the%20latest%20start%20and%20end%20date%0AWITH%20%7B%0A%20%20SELECT%20DISTINCT%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fpers%20%3Forg%0A%20%20%20%20%28max%28%3Fonset%29%20as%20%3FonsetLatest%29%0A%20%20%20%20%28max%28%3Fterminus%29%20as%20%3FterminusLatest%29%0A%20%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20INCLUDE%20%25researchers%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fpers%20p%3AP108%20%7C%20p%3AP1416%20%3ForgStmt.%0A%20%20%20%20%3ForgStmt%20ps%3AP108%7Cps%3AP1416%20%3Forg.%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%3ForgStmt%20pq%3AP580%7Cpq%3AP585%20%3Fonset.%7D%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%3ForgStmt%20pq%3AP582%20%3Fterminus.%7D%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20GROUP%20BY%20%3Fpers%20%3Forg%0A%7D%20as%20%25affiliations%0A%23%20filter%20past%20affiliations%0AWITH%20%7B%0A%20%20SELECT%20DISTINCT%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fpers%20%3Forg%20%0A%20%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20INCLUDE%20%25affiliations%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20remove%20affiliations%20which%20have%20been%20explicitly%20terminated%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28IF%28bound%28%3FterminusLatest%29%2C%20%3FterminusLatest%2C%20now%28%29%29%20AS%20%3Fterminus%29%0A%20%20%20%20FILTER%28%3Fterminus%20%3E%3D%20now%28%29%29.%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20retain%20only%20the%20latest%20affiliation%20IN%20THE%20GROUP%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28IF%28bound%28%3FonsetLatest%29%2C%20%3FonsetLatest%2C%20now%28%29%29%20AS%20%3Fonset%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23FILTER%28%3Fonset%20%3C%3D%20max%28%3FonsetLatest%29%29%0A%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20GROUP%20BY%20%3Fpers%20%3Forg%0A%7D%20as%20%25affilLatest%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25affilLatest%0A%20%20%3Forg%20wdt%3AP625%20%3Fcoords%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fpers%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FpersLabel.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Forg%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3ForgLabel.%0A%20%20%7D%0A%7D%0AORDER%20BY%20%3FpersLabel%20DESC%28%3FonsetLatest%29">SPARQL Abfrage</a> über den <a href="https://query.wikidata.org/">SPARQL Endpoint von Wikidata</a> anfänglich beantworten. Der Query gliedert sich grob in drei Bereiche (dazu gerne auf den Link zum Query klicken und diesen explorieren ):</p> <ol class="wp-block-list"> <li>Suche</li> <li>Filter</li> <li>Darstellung der Ergebnisse</li> </ol> <p>Ziel der Abfrage ist die Darstellung der Ergebnisse auf einer Karte. Es sollen Wissenschaftler:innen (<code>?researcher</code>) am Standort der sie beschäftigenden Institutionen (<code>?coords</code>) angezeigt und die Anzahl aggregiert werden. Für die Wissenschaftler:innen umfasst die Abfrage folgende Faktoren: Mensch (<code>wdt:P31 wd:Q5</code>), Arbeitsgebiet (<code>wdt:P101</code>) sowie ihre Konkretisierung Digital History (<code>wd:Q336387</code>) und/oder Digital Humanities (<code>wd:Q1026962</code>). Für den Arbeitgeber werden folgende Faktoren abgefragt: Arbeitgeber (<code>p:P108</code>) und die Zugehörigkeit (<code>p:P1416</code>). Um den Zeitfaktor zu berücksichtigen wird das jüngste Startdatum berücksichtigt. Die geographische Region wurde durch mit Deutschland (<code>wd:Q183</code>) Schweiz (<code>wd:Q39</code>) und Österreich (<code>wd:Q40</code>) begrenzt. </p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="436" height="500" src="https://dhistory.hypotheses.org/files/2025/03/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-16.27.23-436x500.png" alt="" class="wp-image-9863" style="width:674px;height:auto" srcset="https://dhistory.hypotheses.org/files/2025/03/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-16.27.23-436x500.png 436w, https://dhistory.hypotheses.org/files/2025/03/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-16.27.23-262x300.png 262w, https://dhistory.hypotheses.org/files/2025/03/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-16.27.23-768x880.png 768w, https://dhistory.hypotheses.org/files/2025/03/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-16.27.23-1341x1536.png 1341w, https://dhistory.hypotheses.org/files/2025/03/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-16.27.23.png 1414w" sizes="(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Ergebnisse des SPARQL Queries</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="https://query-main.wikidata.org/embed.html#%23title%3A%20Digital%20Historians%20and%20Digital%20Humanists%20in%20the%20DACH%20region%0A%23defaultView%3AMap%7B%22hide%22%3A%5B%22%3Fcoords%22%5D%2C%20%22markercluster%22%3A%20%22true%22%7D%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%0A%20%20%3Fpers%0A%20%20%28CONCAT%28%3FpersLabel%2C%20%22%20%28%22%2C%20%3ForgLabel%2C%20%22%29%22%29%20AS%20%3Flabel%29%0A%20%20%3Fcoords%0A%23%20get%20researchers%20in%20specific%20fields%20of%20work%3A%20potentially%20very%20large%20number%20of%20results%0AWITH%20%7B%0A%20%20SELECT%20DISTINCT%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fpers%20%3Forg%0A%20%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%23BIND%28wd%3AQ49144246%20AS%20%3Fpers%29.%20%23%20debugging%20Q99529696%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fpers%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ5%3B%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20humans%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP101%20%3FfieldOfWork%3B%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20having%20a%20field%20of%20work%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP108%7Cwdt%3AP1416%20%3Forg.%20%20%20%20%23%20employer%0A%20%20%20%20%3Forg%20wdt%3AP17%2Fwdt%3AP279%2a%20%3Fcountry%20.%20%20%23%20get%20country%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20limit%20to%20fields%20of%20work%0A%20%20%20%20VALUES%20%3FfieldOfWork%20%7B%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wd%3AQ336387%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20digital%20history%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wd%3AQ1026962%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20digital%20humanities%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20limit%20to%20countries%0A%20%20%20%20VALUES%20%3Fcountry%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wd%3AQ183%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Germany%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wd%3AQ39%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Switzerland%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wd%3AQ40%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Austria%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%7D%20LIMIT%208000%0A%7D%20as%20%25researchers%0A%23%20get%20affiliations%20and%20the%20latest%20start%20and%20end%20date%0AWITH%20%7B%0A%20%20SELECT%20DISTINCT%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fpers%20%3Forg%0A%20%20%20%20%28max%28%3Fonset%29%20as%20%3FonsetLatest%29%0A%20%20%20%20%28max%28%3Fterminus%29%20as%20%3FterminusLatest%29%0A%20%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20INCLUDE%20%25researchers%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fpers%20p%3AP108%20%7C%20p%3AP1416%20%3ForgStmt.%0A%20%20%20%20%3ForgStmt%20ps%3AP108%7Cps%3AP1416%20%3Forg.%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%3ForgStmt%20pq%3AP580%7Cpq%3AP585%20%3Fonset.%7D%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%3ForgStmt%20pq%3AP582%20%3Fterminus.%7D%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20GROUP%20BY%20%3Fpers%20%3Forg%0A%7D%20as%20%25affiliations%0A%23%20filter%20past%20affiliations%0AWITH%20%7B%0A%20%20SELECT%20DISTINCT%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fpers%20%3Forg%20%0A%20%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20INCLUDE%20%25affiliations%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20remove%20affiliations%20which%20have%20been%20explicitly%20terminated%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28IF%28bound%28%3FterminusLatest%29%2C%20%3FterminusLatest%2C%20now%28%29%29%20AS%20%3Fterminus%29%0A%20%20%20%20FILTER%28%3Fterminus%20%3E%3D%20now%28%29%29.%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20retain%20only%20the%20latest%20affiliation%20IN%20THE%20GROUP%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28IF%28bound%28%3FonsetLatest%29%2C%20%3FonsetLatest%2C%20now%28%29%29%20AS%20%3Fonset%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23FILTER%28%3Fonset%20%3C%3D%20max%28%3FonsetLatest%29%29%0A%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20GROUP%20BY%20%3Fpers%20%3Forg%0A%7D%20as%20%25affilLatest%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25affilLatest%0A%20%20%3Forg%20wdt%3AP625%20%3Fcoords%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fpers%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FpersLabel.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Forg%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3ForgLabel.%0A%20%20%7D%0A%7D%0AORDER%20BY%20%3FpersLabel%20DESC%28%3FonsetLatest%29">SPARQL Query “Digital Historians and Digital Humanists in the DACH region”</a></p> <h1 class="wp-block-heading">Wie weiter?</h1> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Eigene Daten hochladen und Abfragen erstellen</h2> <p>Um diese Abfragen aktuell zu halten, schlagen wir vor, relevante Daten — insbesondere Konferenzdaten zu Redner:innen, deren Vorträgen und zugehörigen Institutionen — auf Wikidata bereitzustellen. Im besten Fall sollte dies durch die Organisator:innen geschehen. Unser Datenmodell und JSON Schemas für OpenRefine können dabei als Grundlage dienen, um die größmögliche Einheitlichkeit des basalen Datensatzes für die Abfragen sicher zu stellen. Darüber hinaus können eigene Abfragen zu anderen Theman oder Schnitt- und Untermengen erstellt werden, beispielsweise zur Erweiterung auf Forschende an Universitäten innerhalb der EU.</p> <h1 class="wp-block-heading">Literatur</h1> <p>Trilling, Isabell, und Anica Skibba. 2025. „Wikidata Datenmodelle für den Field Survey zu Digital History / Humanities”. Zenodo. <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/14752917">https://zenodo.org/records/14752917</a>.</p> <p>Lincoln, Matthew D., Scott B. Weingart, and Nickoal Eichmann-Kalwara. 2021. ‘The Index of Digital Humanities Conferences’. Journal of Open Humanities Data 7. <a href="https://doi.org/10/gntkb3">https://doi.org/10/gntkb3</a>.</p> <hr/><div class="citation"><p><span class="citation-title">OpenEdition schlägt Ihnen vor, diesen Beitrag wie folgt zu zitieren:</span><br/>anicaskibba (5. März 2025). Feldforschung mit Linked Open Data: Die Forschungslandschaft der digitalen Geschichts- und Geisteswissenschaften auf Wikidata abbilden … und auffinden. <em>Digital History Berlin</em>. Abgerufen am 24. 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Geisteswissenschaften auf Wikidata abbilden … und auffinden“ </h2> <ol class="comment-list"> <li id="comment-1576" class="pingback even thread-even depth-1"> <div class="comment-body"> Pingback: <a href="https://redaktionsblog.hypotheses.org/8569" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Slider-Beiträge bei de.hypotheses März 2024 – März 2025 #dehypo13 – Redaktionsblog</a> </div> </li><!-- #comment-## --> <li id="comment-1534" class="comment byuser comment-author-maxweberstiftung odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1 parent"> <article id="div-comment-1534" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae05cadb8eabea4ea6af87c1f962a031?s=100&d=blank&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae05cadb8eabea4ea6af87c1f962a031?s=200&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/> <b class="fn"><a href="http://www.maxweberstiftung.de" 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