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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parotid_glands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parotid_glands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Parotid glands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parotid_glands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Submandibular_glands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Submandibular_glands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Submandibular glands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Submandibular_glands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sublingual_glands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sublingual_glands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Sublingual glands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sublingual_glands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tubarial_salivary_glands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tubarial_salivary_glands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Tubarial salivary glands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tubarial_salivary_glands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minor_salivary_glands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minor_salivary_glands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Minor salivary glands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minor_salivary_glands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Von_Ebner's_glands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Von_Ebner's_glands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Von Ebner's glands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Von_Ebner's_glands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nerve_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nerve_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Nerve supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nerve_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microanatomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microanatomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Microanatomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microanatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>Acini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ducts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ducts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2</span> <span>Ducts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ducts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gene_and_protein_expression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gene_and_protein_expression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Gene and protein expression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gene_and_protein_expression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Aging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clinical_tests/investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_tests/investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Clinical tests/investigations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_tests/investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Salivary gland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speekselklier" title="Speekselklier – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Speekselklier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="غدة لعابية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غدة لعابية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCp%C3%BCrc%C9%99k_v%C9%99zil%C9%99ri" title="Tüpürcək vəziləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tüpürcək vəziləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF" title="লালা গ্রন্থি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লালা গ্রন্থি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C4%81-cho%C3%A2%E2%81%BF" title="Noā-choâⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Noā-choâⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Слінныя залозы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Слінныя залозы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Слюнчени жлези – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Слюнчени жлези" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pljuva%C4%8Dne_%C5%BElijezde" title="Pljuvačne žlijezde – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pljuvačne žlijezde" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%A0ndula_salival" title="Glàndula salival – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Glàndula salival" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95" title="Сĕлеке парĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сĕлеке парĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slinn%C3%A1_%C5%BEl%C3%A1za" title="Slinná žláza – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Slinná žláza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chwarren_boer" title="Chwarren boer – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Chwarren boer" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spytkirtel" title="Spytkirtel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spytkirtel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speicheldr%C3%BCse" title="Speicheldrüse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Speicheldrüse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%85%DE%AA%DE%84%DE%AD%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A7_%DE%8E%DE%AE%DE%81%DE%B0" title="ކުޅުބޭރުކުރާ ގޮށް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކުޅުބޭރުކުރާ ގޮށް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCljen%C3%A4%C3%A4rmed" title="Süljenäärmed – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Süljenäärmed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Σιελογόνοι αδένες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σιελογόνοι αδένες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%A1ndula_salival" title="Glándula salival – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Glándula salival" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva_glando" title="Saliva glando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Saliva glando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listu-guruin" title="Listu-guruin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Listu-guruin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C" title="غدد بزاقی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غدد بزاقی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glande_salivaire" title="Glande salivaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Glande salivaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faireog_sheileach" title="Faireog sheileach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Faireog sheileach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%A1ndula_salivar" title="Glándula salivar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Glándula salivar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%A8%EC%83%98" title="침샘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="침샘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B1%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Թքագեղձեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թքագեղձեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF" title="लाला ग्रंथि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लाला ग्रंथि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDlijezde_slinovnice" title="Žlijezde slinovnice – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Žlijezde slinovnice" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelenjar_liur" title="Kelenjar liur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kelenjar liur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnvatnskirtlar" title="Munnvatnskirtlar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Munnvatnskirtlar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghiandola_salivare" title="Ghiandola salivare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ghiandola salivare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7" title="בלוטות רוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בלוטות רוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klanjer_idu" title="Klanjer idu – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Klanjer idu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%94_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="სანერწყვე ჯირკვლები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სანერწყვე ჯირკვლები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Сілекей безі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сілекей безі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rij%C3%AAn%C3%AA_l%C3%AEk%C3%AA" title="Rijênê lîkê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rijênê lîkê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Шилекей бездери – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шилекей бездери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glandulae_salivariae" title="Glandulae salivariae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Glandulae salivariae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siekalu_dziedzeri" title="Siekalu dziedzeri – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Siekalu dziedzeri" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spautdr%C3%BCs" title="Spautdrüs – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Spautdrüs" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seili%C5%B3_liaukos" title="Seilių liaukos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Seilių liaukos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speekselkleer" title="Speekselkleer – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Speekselkleer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny%C3%A1lmirigy" title="Nyálmirigy – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyálmirigy" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Плунковни жлезди – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Плунковни жлезди" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഉമിനീർ ഗ്രന്ഥികൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉമിനീർ ഗ്രന്ഥികൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speekselklier" title="Speekselklier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Speekselklier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%BE%E6%B6%B2%E8%85%BA" title="唾液腺 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="唾液腺" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyttkjertel" title="Spyttkjertel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spyttkjertel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyttkjertel" title="Spyttkjertel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spyttkjertel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%CA%BBlak_bezlari" title="Soʻlak bezlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Soʻlak bezlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Alinianka" title="Ślinianka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ślinianka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%A2ndula_salivar" title="Glândula salivar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Glândula salivar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gland%C4%83_salivar%C4%83" title="Glandă salivară – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Glandă salivară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuqay_ch%27a%C3%B1an" title="Thuqay ch'añan – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Thuqay ch'añan" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Слюнные железы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Слюнные железы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9B%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%A7_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92" title="ඛේට ග්‍රන්ථි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඛේට ග්‍රන්ථි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivary_gland" title="Salivary gland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Salivary gland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slinn%C3%A1_%C5%BE%C4%BEaza" title="Slinná žľaza – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Slinná žľaza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDleza_slinavka" title="Žleza slinavka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Žleza slinavka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%95_%DA%95%DA%98%DB%8E%D9%86" title="لیکە ڕژێن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیکە ڕژێن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%99%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Пљувачне жлезде – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пљувачне жлезде" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pljuva%C4%8Dne_%C5%BElezde" title="Pljuvačne žlezde – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pljuvačne žlezde" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylkirauhanen" title="Sylkirauhanen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sylkirauhanen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spottk%C3%B6rtel" title="Spottkörtel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spottkörtel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="உமிழ்நீர்ச் சுரப்பி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உமிழ்நீர்ச் சுரப்பி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Селәгәй бизләре – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Селәгәй бизләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="లాలాజల గ్రంధులు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లాలాజల గ్రంధులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="ต่อมน้ำลาย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ต่อมน้ำลาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCk%C3%BCr%C3%BCk_bezi" title="Tükürük bezi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tükürük bezi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Слинні залози – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Слинні залози" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%86%D9%84%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%8A_%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%89" title="شۆلگەي بېزى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شۆلگەي بېزى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuy%E1%BA%BFn_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_b%E1%BB%8Dt" title="Tuyến nước bọt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tuyến nước bọt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BClen%C3%A4%C3%A4req" title="Sülenääreq – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Sülenääreq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%BE%E8%85%BA" title="唾腺 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="唾腺" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Salivary gland</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blausen_0780_SalivaryGlands.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Blausen_0780_SalivaryGlands.png/250px-Blausen_0780_SalivaryGlands.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Blausen_0780_SalivaryGlands.png/375px-Blausen_0780_SalivaryGlands.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Blausen_0780_SalivaryGlands.png/500px-Blausen_0780_SalivaryGlands.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The three main paired salivary glands.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">System</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Digestion" title="Digestion">Digestive system</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>glandulae salivariae</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D012469">D012469</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/05.1.02.002%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A05.1.02.002</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/05.1.02.013%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A05.1.02.013</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=2798">2798</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma95971,">9597 95971, 9597</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134938" class="extiw" title="d:Q134938">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>salivary glands</b> in many <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a> including <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a> are <a href="/wiki/Exocrine_gland" title="Exocrine gland">exocrine glands</a> that produce <a href="/wiki/Saliva" title="Saliva">saliva</a> through a system of <a href="/wiki/Duct_(anatomy)" title="Duct (anatomy)">ducts</a>. Humans have three paired major salivary glands (<a href="/wiki/Parotid_gland" title="Parotid gland">parotid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Submandibular_gland" title="Submandibular gland">submandibular</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sublingual_gland" title="Sublingual gland">sublingual</a>), as well as hundreds of minor salivary glands.<sup id="cite_ref-Edgar12_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edgar12-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salivary glands can be classified as <a href="/wiki/Serous_gland" title="Serous gland">serous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mucous_gland" title="Mucous gland">mucous</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Seromucous_gland" class="mw-redirect" title="Seromucous gland">seromucous</a> (mixed). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Serous_fluid" title="Serous fluid">serous secretions</a>, the main type of protein secreted is <a href="/wiki/Alpha-amylase" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-amylase">alpha-amylase</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> that breaks down <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</a> into <a href="/wiki/Maltose" title="Maltose">maltose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas in <a href="/wiki/Mucus" title="Mucus">mucous secretions</a>, the main protein secreted is <a href="/wiki/Mucin" title="Mucin">mucin</a>, which acts as a <a href="/wiki/Lubricant" title="Lubricant">lubricant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Edgar12_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edgar12-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In humans, 1200 to 1500 ml of saliva are produced every day.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The secretion of saliva (salivation) is mediated by <a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system" title="Parasympathetic nervous system">parasympathetic stimulation</a>; <a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine" title="Acetylcholine">acetylcholine</a> is the active <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitter</a> and binds to <a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M1" title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1">muscarinic receptors</a> in the glands, leading to increased salivation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A proposed fourth pair of salivary glands, the <a href="/wiki/Tubarial_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubarial glands">tubarial glands</a>, were first identified in 2020. They are named for their location, being positioned in front of and over the <a href="/wiki/Torus_tubarius" title="Torus tubarius">torus tubarius</a>. However, this finding from one study is yet to be confirmed.<sup id="cite_ref-tub_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tub-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parotid_glands">Parotid glands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Parotid glands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parotid_gland" title="Parotid gland">Parotid gland</a></div> <p>The two <a href="/wiki/Parotid_gland" title="Parotid gland">parotid glands</a> are major salivary glands wrapped around the <a href="/wiki/Mandible#Ramus" title="Mandible">mandibular ramus</a> in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-Bialek_2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bialek_2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are largest of the salivary glands, secreting <a href="/wiki/Saliva" title="Saliva">saliva</a> to facilitate <a href="/wiki/Mastication" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastication">mastication</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swallowing" title="Swallowing">swallowing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amylase" title="Amylase">amylase</a> to begin the digestion of <a href="/wiki/Starches" class="mw-redirect" title="Starches">starches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nanco_2018_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nanco_2018-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the serous type of gland which secretes <a href="/wiki/Alpha-amylase" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-amylase">alpha-amylase</a> (also known as <i>ptyalin</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Holmberg_2014_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmberg_2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It enters the <a href="/wiki/Oral_cavity" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral cavity">oral cavity</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Parotid_duct" title="Parotid duct">parotid duct</a>. The glands are located posterior to the mandibular ramus and anterior to the <a href="/wiki/Mastoid_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastoid process">mastoid process</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Temporal_bone" title="Temporal bone">temporal bone</a>. They are clinically relevant in dissections of <a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve">facial nerve</a> branches while exposing the different lobes, since any <a href="/wiki/Iatrogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Iatrogenic">iatrogenic</a> lesion will result in either loss of action or strength of muscles involved in <a href="/wiki/Facial_expression" title="Facial expression">facial expression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Holmberg_2014_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmberg_2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They produce 20% of the total salivary content in the oral cavity.<sup id="cite_ref-Nanco_2018_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nanco_2018-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mumps" title="Mumps">Mumps</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Viral_disease" title="Viral disease">viral infection</a>, caused by infection in the parotid gland.<sup id="cite_ref-Hviid_2008_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hviid_2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Submandibular_glands">Submandibular glands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Submandibular glands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Submandibular_gland" title="Submandibular gland">Submandibular gland</a></div> <p>The submandibular glands (previously known as submaxillary glands) are a pair of major salivary glands located beneath the lower jaws, superior to the <a href="/wiki/Digastric_muscle" title="Digastric muscle">digastric muscles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bialek_2006_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bialek_2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The secretion produced is a mixture of both <a href="/wiki/Serous_fluid" title="Serous fluid">serous fluid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mucus" title="Mucus">mucus</a>, and enters the <a href="/wiki/Oral_cavity" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral cavity">oral cavity</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Submandibular_duct" title="Submandibular duct">submandibular duct</a> or Wharton duct.<sup id="cite_ref-Nanco_2018_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nanco_2018-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 70% of saliva in the oral cavity is produced by the submandibular glands, though they are much smaller than the parotid glands.<sup id="cite_ref-Nanco_2018_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nanco_2018-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gland can usually be felt via palpation of the neck, as it is in the superficial cervical region and feels like a rounded ball. It is located about two fingers above the <a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_apple" title="Adam's apple">Adam's apple</a> (laryngeal prominence) and about two inches apart under the chin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sublingual_glands">Sublingual glands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sublingual glands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sublingual_gland" title="Sublingual gland">Sublingual gland</a></div> <p>The sublingual glands are a pair of major salivary glands located inferior to the tongue, anterior to the submandibular glands.<sup id="cite_ref-Bialek_2006_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bialek_2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The secretion produced is mainly <a href="/wiki/Mucus" title="Mucus">mucous</a> in nature, but it is categorized as a mixed gland.<sup id="cite_ref-Holmberg_2014_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmberg_2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the other two major glands, the ductal system of the sublingual glands does not have intercalated ducts and usually does not have striated ducts, either, so saliva exits directly from 8-20 excretory ducts known as the <a href="/wiki/Sublingual_glands#Structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Sublingual glands">Rivinus ducts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Holmberg_2014_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmberg_2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 5% of saliva entering the oral cavity comes from these glands.<sup id="cite_ref-Nanco_2018_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nanco_2018-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tubarial_salivary_glands">Tubarial salivary glands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tubarial salivary glands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tubarial_salivary_gland" title="Tubarial salivary gland">Tubarial salivary gland</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tubarial_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubarial glands">tubarial glands</a> are suggested as a fourth pair of salivary glands situated posteriorly in the <a href="/wiki/Nasopharynx" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasopharynx">nasopharynx</a> and nasal cavity, predominantly with mucous glands, and its ducts opening into the dorsolateral pharyngeal wall. The glands were unknown until September 2020, when they were discovered by a group of Dutch scientists using <a href="/wiki/Prostate-specific_membrane_antigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostate-specific membrane antigen">prostate-specific membrane antigen</a> <a href="/wiki/PET-CT" title="PET-CT">PET-CT</a>. This discovery may explain <a href="/wiki/Xerostomia" title="Xerostomia">mouth dryness</a> after radiotherapy despite the avoidance of the three major glands. However, these findings from just one study need to be confirmed.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tub_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tub-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, an interdisciplinary group of scientists disagree with this new discovery. They believe that an accumulation of minor salivary glands has been described.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minor_salivary_glands">Minor salivary glands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Minor salivary glands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 800 to 1,000 minor salivary glands are located throughout the oral cavity within the <a href="/wiki/Submucosa" title="Submucosa">submucosa</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ten_Cate_2008_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ten_Cate_2008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Oral_mucosa" title="Oral mucosa">oral mucosa</a> in the tissue of the buccal, labial, and lingual mucosa, the soft palate, the lateral parts of the hard palate, and the floor of the mouth or between muscle fibers of the tongue.<sup id="cite_ref-Neck_2012,_p._157_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neck_2012,_p._157-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are 1 to 2 mm in diameter and unlike the major glands, they are not encapsulated by connective tissue, only surrounded by it. The gland has usually a number of <a href="/wiki/Acini" class="mw-redirect" title="Acini">acini</a> connected in a tiny lobule. A minor salivary gland may have a common excretory duct with another gland, or may have its own excretory duct. Their secretion is mainly mucous in nature and have many functions such as coating the oral cavity with saliva. Problems with dentures are sometimes associated with minor salivary glands if dry mouth is present.<sup id="cite_ref-Ten_Cate_2008_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ten_Cate_2008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The minor salivary glands are innervated by the <a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve">facial nerve (cranial nerve CN VII)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Neck_2012,_p._157_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neck_2012,_p._157-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Von_Ebner's_glands"><span id="Von_Ebner.27s_glands"></span>Von Ebner's glands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Von Ebner's glands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Von_Ebner%27s_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Von Ebner's glands">Von Ebner's glands</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Von_Ebner%27s_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Von Ebner's glands">Von Ebner's glands</a> are found in a trough circling the <a href="/wiki/Circumvallate_papillae" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumvallate papillae">circumvallate papillae</a> on the dorsal surface of the tongue near the <a href="/wiki/Terminal_sulcus_of_tongue" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal sulcus of tongue">terminal sulcus</a>. They secrete a purely serous fluid that begins <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipid</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydrolysis" title="Hydrolysis">hydrolysis</a>. They also facilitate the perception of <a href="/wiki/Taste" title="Taste">taste</a> through secretion of digestive enzymes and proteins.<sup id="cite_ref-Ten_Cate_2008_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ten_Cate_2008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arrangement of these glands around the circumvallate papillae provides a continuous flow of fluid over the great number of taste buds lining the sides of the papillae, and is important for dissolving the food particles to be tasted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nerve_supply">Nerve supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nerve supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salivary glands are innervated, either directly or indirectly, by the <a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system" title="Parasympathetic nervous system">parasympathetic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system" title="Sympathetic nervous system">sympathetic</a> arms of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Autonomic nervous system">autonomic nervous system</a>. Parasympathetic stimulation evokes a copious flow of saliva. </p> <ul><li>Parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands is carried via <a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranial nerve">cranial nerves</a>. The parotid gland receives its parasympathetic input from the <a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">glossopharyngeal nerve</a> (CN IX) via the <a href="/wiki/Otic_ganglion" title="Otic ganglion">otic ganglion</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Frommer_1977_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frommer_1977-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the submandibular and sublingual glands receive their parasympathetic input from the <a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve">facial nerve</a> (CN VII) via the <a href="/wiki/Submandibular_ganglion" title="Submandibular ganglion">submandibular ganglion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ishizuka_2010_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ishizuka_2010-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These nerves release acetylcholine and substance P, which activate the IP3 and DAG pathways respectively.</li> <li>Direct sympathetic innervation of the salivary glands takes place via preganglionic nerves in the thoracic segments T1-T3 which synapse in the <a href="/wiki/Superior_cervical_ganglion" title="Superior cervical ganglion">superior cervical ganglion</a> with postganglionic neurons that release norepinephrine, which is then received by β<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptors on the acinar and ductal cells of the salivary glands, leading to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and the corresponding increase of saliva secretion. Note that in this regard both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimuli result in an increase in salivary gland secretions,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the difference lies on the composition of this saliva, once sympathetic stimulus results particularly in the increase of amylase secretion, which is produced by serous glands. The sympathetic nervous system also affects salivary gland secretions indirectly by innervating the <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a> that supply the glands, resulting in vasoconstriction through the activation of α<sub>1</sub> adrenergic receptors, lessening the saliva's water content.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microanatomy">Microanatomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Microanatomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gland is internally divided into <a href="/wiki/Lobe_(anatomy)" title="Lobe (anatomy)">lobules</a>. <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">Blood vessels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">nerves</a> enter the glands at the <a href="/wiki/Hilum_(anatomy)" title="Hilum (anatomy)">hilum</a> and gradually branch out into the lobules. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Acini">Acini</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Acini"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secretory cells are found in a group, or <a href="/wiki/Acinus" title="Acinus">acinus</a>. Each acinus is located at the terminal part of the gland connected to the ductal system, with many acini within each lobule of the gland. Each acinus consists of a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a lumen, a central opening where the saliva is deposited after being produced by the secretory cells. The three forms of acini are classified in terms of the type of epithelial cell present and the secretory product being produced - serous, mucoserous, and mucous.<sup id="cite_ref-Bath-Balogh_2011_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bath-Balogh_2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ducts">Ducts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ducts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the duct system, the lumina are formed by <a href="/wiki/Intercalated_duct" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercalated duct">intercalated ducts</a>, which in turn join to form <a href="/wiki/Striated_duct" class="mw-redirect" title="Striated duct">striated ducts</a>. These drain into ducts situated between the lobes of the gland (called <a href="/wiki/Interlobular_bile_ducts" title="Interlobular bile ducts">interlobular ducts</a> or secretory ducts). These are found on most major and minor glands (exception may be the sublingual gland).<sup id="cite_ref-Bath-Balogh_2011_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bath-Balogh_2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All of the human salivary glands terminate in the mouth, where the saliva proceeds to aid in digestion. The released saliva is quickly inactivated in the stomach by the acid that is present, but saliva also contains enzymes that are actually activated by stomach acid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gene_and_protein_expression">Gene and protein expression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gene and protein expression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About 20,000 protein-coding genes are <a href="/wiki/Bioinformatics#Gene_and_protein_expression" title="Bioinformatics">expressed</a> in human cells and 60% of these genes are expressed in normal, adult salivary glands.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Less than 100 genes are more specifically expressed in the salivary gland. The salivary gland specific genes are mainly genes that encode for secreted proteins and compared to other organs in the human body; the salivary gland has the highest fraction of secreted genes. The heterogeneous family of proline-rich, human salivary glycoproteins, such as <a href="/wiki/PRB1" title="PRB1">PRB1</a> and <a href="/wiki/PRH1" title="PRH1">PRH1</a>, are salivary gland-specific proteins with highest level of expression. Examples of other specifically expressed proteins include the digestive amylase enzyme <a href="/wiki/AMY1A" title="AMY1A">AMY1A</a>, the mucin <a href="/wiki/Mucin_7" title="Mucin 7">MUC7</a> and <a href="/wiki/STATH" title="STATH">statherin</a>, all of major importance for specific characteristics of saliva. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aging">Aging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Aging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aging of salivary glands shows some structural changes, such as:<sup id="cite_ref-Vissink96_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vissink96-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kim94_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim94-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Decrease in volume of acinar tissue</li> <li>Increase in fibrous tissue</li> <li>Increase in adipose tissue</li> <li>Ductal hyperplasia and dilation<sup id="cite_ref-Vissink96_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vissink96-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In addition, changes occur in salivary contents: </p> <ul><li>Decrease in concentration of secretory IgE <sup id="cite_ref-Vissink96_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vissink96-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Decrease in the amount of mucin</li></ul> <p>However, no overall change in the amount of saliva secreted is seen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Digestion" title="Digestion">Digestion</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Salivary glands secrete saliva, which has many benefits for the oral cavity and health in general. The knowledge of normal salivary flow rate (SFR) is extremely important when treating dental patients.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These benefits include: </p> <ul><li>Protection: Saliva consists of proteins (for example; mucins) that lubricate and protect both the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Mucins are the principal organic constituents of mucus, the slimy viscoelastic material that coats all mucosal surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid6801238_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid6801238-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Buffering: In general, the higher the saliva flow rate, the faster the clearance and the higher the buffer capacity, hence better protection from dental caries. Therefore, people with a slower rate of saliva secretion, combined with a low buffer capacity, have lessened salivary protection against microbes.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Pellicle formation: Saliva forms a pellicle on the surface of the tooth to prevent wearing. The film contains mucins and proline-rich glycoprotein from the saliva.</li></ul> <p>The proteins (statherin and proline-rich proteins) within the salivary pellicle inhibit demineralization and promote remineralization by attracting calcium ions.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Maintenance of tooth integrity: Demineralization occurs when enamel disintegrates due to the presence of acid. When this occurs, the buffering capacity effect of saliva (increases saliva flow rate) inhibits demineralization. Saliva can then begin to promote the remineralization of the tooth by strengthening the enamel with calcium and phosphate minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Antimicrobial action: Saliva can prevent microbial growth based on the elements it contains. For example, lactoferrin in saliva binds naturally with iron. Since iron is a major component of bacterial cell walls, removal of iron breaks down the cell wall, which in turn breaks down the bacterium. Antimicrobial peptides such as histatins inhibit the growth of<i> Candida albicans</i> and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>. Salivary immunoglobulin A serves to aggregate oral bacteria such as<i> S. mutans</i> and prevent the formation of dental plaque.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Tissue repair: Saliva can encourage soft-tissue repair by decreasing clotting time and increasing wound contraction.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Digestion: Saliva contains amylase, which hydrolyses starch into glucose, maltose, and dextrin. As a result, saliva allows some digestion to occur before the food reaches the stomach.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Taste:<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saliva acts as a solvent in which solid particles can dissolve and enter the taste buds through oral mucosa located on the tongue. These taste buds are found within foliate and circumvallate papillae, where minor salivary glands secrete saliva.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chronic_sialadenitis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chronic_sialadenitis.jpg/220px-Chronic_sialadenitis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chronic_sialadenitis.jpg/330px-Chronic_sialadenitis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chronic_sialadenitis.jpg/440px-Chronic_sialadenitis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Micrograph" title="Micrograph">Micrograph</a> of chronic inflammation of the salivary gland <a href="/wiki/Sialadenitis" title="Sialadenitis">sialadenitis</a>)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Salivary_gland_disease" title="Salivary gland disease">Salivary gland disease</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Sialolithiasis" title="Sialolithiasis">sialolithiasis</a> (a salivary calculus or stone) may cause blockage of the ducts, most commonly the submandibular ducts, causing pain and swelling of the gland.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salivary gland dysfunction refers to either <a href="/wiki/Xerostomia" title="Xerostomia">xerostomia</a> (the symptom of dry mouth) or salivary gland hypofunction (reduced production of saliva); it is associated with significant impairment of quality of life.<sup id="cite_ref-Riley17_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riley17-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following radiotherapy of the head and neck region, salivary gland dysfunction is a predictable side-effect.<sup id="cite_ref-Riley17_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riley17-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saliva production may be pharmacologically stimulated by <a href="/wiki/Sialagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Sialagogue">sialagogues</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Pilocarpine" title="Pilocarpine">pilocarpine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cevimeline" title="Cevimeline">cevimeline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can also be suppressed by so-called <a href="/wiki/Antisialagogue" title="Antisialagogue">antisialagogues</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">tricyclic antidepressants</a>, <a href="/wiki/SSRI" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRI">SSRIs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antihypertensives" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihypertensives">antihypertensives</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polypharmacy" title="Polypharmacy">polypharmacy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Cochrane review found there was no strong evidence that topical therapies are effective in relieving the symptoms of dry mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-Furness11_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furness11-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">Cancer</a> treatments including <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">radiation therapy</a> may impair salivary flow.<sup id="cite_ref-Furness11_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furness11-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Riley17_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riley17-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radiotherapy can cause permanent hyposalivation due to injury to the oral mucosa containing the salivary glands, resulting in xerostomia, whereas <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a> may cause only temporary salivary impairment.<sup id="cite_ref-Furness11_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furness11-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Riley17_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riley17-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore surgical removal because of benign or malignant lesions may also impair function.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Graft_versus_host_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Graft versus host disease">Graft versus host disease</a> after <a href="/wiki/Allogeneic" class="mw-redirect" title="Allogeneic">allogeneic</a> <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow_transplantation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone marrow transplantation">bone marrow transplantation</a> may manifest as dry mouth and many small <a href="/wiki/Oral_mucocele" title="Oral mucocele">mucoceles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Salivary_gland_tumour" title="Salivary gland tumour">Salivary gland tumours</a> may occur, including <a href="/wiki/Mucoepidermoid_carcinoma" title="Mucoepidermoid carcinoma">mucoepidermoid carcinoma</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">malignant growth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clinical_tests/investigations"><span id="Clinical_tests.2Finvestigations"></span>Clinical tests/investigations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Clinical tests/investigations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Sialogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Sialogram">sialogram</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Radiocontrast" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiocontrast">radiocontrast</a> study of a salivary duct that may be used to investigate its function and for diagnosing <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6gren_syndrome" title="Sjögren syndrome">Sjögren syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_animals">Other animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The salivary glands of some species are modified to produce proteins; salivary amylase is found in many bird and mammal species (including humans, as noted above). Furthermore, the <a href="/wiki/Venom" title="Venom">venom</a> <a href="/wiki/Venom_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Venom glands">glands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Venomous_snake" title="Venomous snake">venomous snakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gila_monster" title="Gila monster">Gila monsters</a>, and some <a href="/wiki/Shrew" title="Shrew">shrews</a>, are actually modified salivary glands.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other organisms such as <a href="/wiki/Insecta" class="mw-redirect" title="Insecta">insects</a>, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins such as <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> or glues, whilst <a href="/wiki/Fly" title="Fly">fly</a> salivary glands contain <a href="/wiki/Polytene_chromosome" title="Polytene chromosome">polytene chromosomes</a> that have been useful in <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetic</a> research.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serous_demilune" title="Serous demilune">Serous demilune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialome" title="Sialome">Sialome</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Edgar12-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Edgar12_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Edgar12_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEdgarDawesO'Mullane2012" class="citation book cs1">Edgar, Michael; Dawes, Colin; O'Mullane, Denis, eds. (2012). <i>Saliva and oral health</i> (4th ed.). 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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3698896">3698896</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23833425">23833425</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Journal+of+Radiology+%26+Imaging&rft.atitle=Pictorial+essay%3A+Salivary+gland+imaging&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=325-33&rft.date=2012-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3698896%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23833425&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4103%2F0971-3026.111487&rft.aulast=Rastogi&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Bhargava%2C+S&rft.au=Mallarajapatna%2C+GJ&rft.au=Singh%2C+SK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3698896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalivary+gland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSehnalSutherland2008" class="citation journal cs1">Sehnal F, Sutherland T (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658764">"Silks produced by insect labial glands"</a>. <i>Prion</i>. <b>2</b> (4): 145–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4161%2Fpri.2.4.7489">10.4161/pri.2.4.7489</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658764">2658764</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19221523">19221523</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prion&rft.atitle=Silks+produced+by+insect+labial+glands&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=145-53&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2658764%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19221523&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4161%2Fpri.2.4.7489&rft.aulast=Sehnal&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2658764&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalivary+gland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salivary_gland&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 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href="/wiki/Labial_commissure_of_mouth" title="Labial commissure of mouth">Labial commissure of mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philtrum" title="Philtrum">Philtrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_roll" title="White roll">White roll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cheek" title="Cheek">Cheek</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buccal_fat_pad" title="Buccal fat pad">Buccal fat pad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palate" title="Palate">Palate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_palate" title="Hard palate">Hard palate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_palate" title="Soft palate">Soft palate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatine_raphe" title="Palatine raphe">Palatine raphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incisive_papilla" title="Incisive papilla">Incisive papilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gums" title="Gums">Gums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interdental_papilla" title="Interdental papilla">Interdental papilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingival_sulcus" title="Gingival sulcus">Gingival sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingival_margin" title="Gingival margin">Gingival margin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingival_fibers" title="Gingival fibers">Gingival fibers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junctional_epithelium" title="Junctional epithelium">Junctional epithelium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucogingival_junction" title="Mucogingival junction">Mucogingival junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulcular_epithelium" title="Sulcular epithelium">Sulcular epithelium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stippling_(dentistry)" title="Stippling (dentistry)">Stippling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodontium" title="Periodontium">Periodontium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cementum" title="Cementum">Cementum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philtrum" title="Philtrum">Philtrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Gingiva">Gingiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodontal_fiber" title="Periodontal fiber">Periodontal ligament</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parotid_gland" title="Parotid gland">Parotid gland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parotid_duct" title="Parotid duct">duct</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submandibular_gland" title="Submandibular gland">Submandibular gland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submandibular_duct" title="Submandibular duct">duct</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sublingual_gland" title="Sublingual gland">Sublingual gland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_sublingual_duct" title="Major sublingual duct">duct</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubarial_salivary_gland" title="Tubarial salivary gland">Tubarial salivary gland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_tooth" title="Human tooth">Teeth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Tooth_anatomy" title="Template:Tooth anatomy">tooth anatomy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">Tongue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Top <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taste_bud" title="Taste bud">Taste bud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue#Upper_surface_of_the_tongue" title="Tongue">Median sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue#Upper_surface_of_the_tongue" title="Tongue">Terminal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue#Upper_surface_of_the_tongue" title="Tongue">Foramen cecum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_tonsils" title="Lingual tonsils">Lingual tonsils</a></li></ul></li> <li>Underside <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frenulum_of_tongue" class="mw-redirect" title="Frenulum of tongue">Frenulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimbriated_fold_of_tongue" title="Fimbriated fold of tongue">Fimbriated fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sublingual_caruncle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sublingual caruncle">Sublingual caruncle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossoepiglottic_folds" title="Glossoepiglottic folds">Glossoepiglottic folds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_septum" title="Lingual septum">Lingual septum</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Back of mouth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oropharynx" class="mw-redirect" title="Oropharynx">Oropharynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_the_fauces" class="mw-redirect" title="Isthmus of the fauces">fauces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plica_semilunaris_of_the_fauces" title="Plica semilunaris of the fauces">Plica semilunaris of the fauces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvula" title="Uvula">Uvula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatoglossal_arch" title="Palatoglossal arch">Palatoglossal arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatopharyngeal_arch" title="Palatopharyngeal arch">Palatopharyngeal arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsillar_fossa" title="Tonsillar fossa">Tonsillar fossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatine_tonsil" title="Palatine tonsil">Palatine tonsil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134938#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134938#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134938#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Salivary glands"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85116807">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Glandes salivaires"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976637r">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Glandes salivaires"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976637r">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561185">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="slinné žlázy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph376376&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553424605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=1323&url_prefix=https:%2F%2Fwww.unifr.ch%2Fifaa%2FPublic%2FEntryPage%2FTA98%20Tree%2FEntity%20TA98%20EN%2F&url_suffix=%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm&id=A05.1.02.002">Terminologia Anatomica</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=1323&url_prefix=https:%2F%2Fwww.unifr.ch%2Fifaa%2FPublic%2FEntryPage%2FTA98%20Tree%2FEntity%20TA98%20EN%2F&url_suffix=%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm&id=A05.1.02.013">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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