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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Altiero Spinelli</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 31 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A" title="ألتييرو سبينيلي – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألتييرو سبينيلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89" title="التيرو سپينيلى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="التيرو سپينيلى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99" title="אלטיארו ספינלי – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלטיארו ספינלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%AA" title="アルティエロ・スピネッリ – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルティエロ・スピネッリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altierus_Spinelli" title="Altierus Spinelli – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Altierus Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Спинелли, Альтиеро – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спинелли, Альтиеро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altijero_Spineli" title="Altijero Spineli – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Altijero Spineli" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%94%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Альтьєро Спінеллі – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альтьєро Спінеллі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Altiero Spinelli" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q441294#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Altiero_Spinelli" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiero_Spinelli&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiero_Spinelli&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiero_Spinelli&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiero_Spinelli&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiero_Spinelli&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiero_Spinelli&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Altiero_Spinelli" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Altiero_Spinelli" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:23em; font-size:85%; text-align:left; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size:140%;"><b>Altiero Spinelli</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Altiero_Spinelli2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Altiero Spinelli"><img alt="Altiero Spinelli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Altiero_Spinelli2.jpg/220px-Altiero_Spinelli2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Altiero_Spinelli2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="320" /></a></span><br />Altiero Spinelli in 1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><hr /><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">Kommissaris vir Nywerheid en Entrepreneurskap</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"><b>Ampstermyn</b><br /><a href="/wiki/1_Julie" title="1 Julie">1 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> – <a href="/wiki/4_Julie" title="4 Julie">4 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>President </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco_Maria_Malfatti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco Maria Malfatti (bladsy bestaan nie)">Franco Maria Malfatti</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sicco_Mansholt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sicco Mansholt (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sicco Mansholt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voorafgegaan deur </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guido_Colonna_di_Paliano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guido Colonna di Paliano (bladsy bestaan nie)">Guido Colonna di Paliano</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opgevolg deur </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_Davignon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne Davignon (bladsy bestaan nie)">Étienne Davignon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><hr /><div style="background:lavender;">Lid van die Italiaanse Kamer</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"><b>Ampstermyn</b><br /><a href="/wiki/5_Julie" title="5 Julie">5 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a> – <a href="/wiki/10_Julie" title="10 Julie">10 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><hr /><div style="background:lavender;">Lid van die Europees Parlement<br />vir Sentraal-Italië</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"><b>Ampstermyn</b><br /><a href="/wiki/10_Junie" title="10 Junie">10 Junie</a> <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> – <a href="/wiki/23_Mei" title="23 Mei">23 Mei</a> <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color: #000000; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;"><hr /><div style="background:lavender;">Persoonlike besonderhede</div> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Gebore </th> <td><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1907-08-31</span>)</span>31 Augustus 1907 <br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sterf </th> <td>23 Mei 1986 (op 78)<br />Rome, Italië </td></tr> <tr> <th>Politieke party </th> <td>Kommunistiese Party van Italië <small>(1924–1937)</small><br />Aksieparty <small>(1943–1946)</small><br />Republikeinse Demokratiese Konsentrasie <small>(1946)</small><br />Onafhanklike Linke <small>(1976-1983)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Eggenoot/-note </th> <td>Ursula Hirschmann <small>(1945–86; sy dood)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Kind(ers) </th> <td>Barbara Spinelli </td></tr> <tr> <th>Alma mater </th> <td>Sapienza Universiteit van Rome </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Altiero Spinelli</b> (31 Augustus 1907, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> – 23 Mei 1986, Rome) was 'n <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italiaanse</a> staatsman, wat 'n groot rol in die Europese eenwording gespeel het. </p><p>In sy jeug word hy lid van die Italiaanse Kommunistiese Party. Hy word in 1926 in hegtenis geneem en deur <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a> se Fascistiese Spesiale Tribunaal tot 16 jaar en 8 maande tronk veroordeel. Hy het in hierdie tyd geweier om sy ideale op te gee. Hy gebruik sy tyd in gevangeskap om te studeer en word 'n proponent van supranasionale integrasie. Hy raak teleurgestel met die Kommunistiese Party en op die eilandjie Ventotene waar hy gevange gehou word begin hy om sy Federalistiese gedagtes uit te werk en hy skryf die Ventotene-manifes. Hy sê daarin dat 'n oorwinning op die <a href="/wiki/Fascisme" title="Fascisme">Fascistiese</a> kragte in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> sonder supranasionale Europese eenwording nutteloos sal wees. Sy doel word om die lande van Europa só te verenig dat oorlog onmoontlik word.<sup id="cite_ref-eu_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hy is lid van die Europese Kommissie van 1970 tot 1976 en raak in die tyd oortuig dat die intergoewernemetele metode van afsprake tussen die lidlande van die EEG nie die regte pad na Europese eenheid is nie. In 1980 stig hy die Krokodilklub van mense wat in die Europese Parlement probeer om 'n nuwe verdrag voor te berei wat – behalwe in naam – 'n grondwet vir 'n nuwe Europese Unie kan wees.<sup id="cite_ref-eu_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sy Spinelli-Plan word op 14 Februarie 1984 in die Europese Parlement met oorweldigende meerderheid aangeneem, maar daar is nasionale parlemente wat die plan teenstaan. In 1984 word die Enige Europese Akte nogtans aangeneem wat 'n deel van sy planne verwesenlik en die grense van Europa open en in 1992 word met die Verdrag van Maastricht die Europese Unie gestig. Hy het veral die Franse onder <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a> oortuig om minder aan hulle intergoewernementele metode vas te hou.<sup id="cite_ref-eu_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Federalistiese beweging gebruik vandag die eiland van Ventotene as plek waar hulle saamkom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiero_Spinelli&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiero_Spinelli&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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