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<span>Military units</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Military_units-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Military units subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Military_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Revolt_of_the_Batavi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolt_of_the_Batavi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Revolt of the Batavi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolt_of_the_Batavi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fate_of_the_Batavi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fate_of_the_Batavi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fate of the Batavi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fate_of_the_Batavi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Batavian_revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Batavian_revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The Batavian revival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Batavian_revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batawe" title="Batawe – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Batawe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A_(%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="باتافي (قبيلة جرمانية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باتافي (قبيلة جرمانية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavlar" title="Batavlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Batavlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Батавы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Батавы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Батави – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Батави" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataved" title="Bataved – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bataved" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataus" title="Bataus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bataus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Батавсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Батавсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavov%C3%A9" title="Batavové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Batavové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batafiaid" title="Batafiaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Batafiaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataver" title="Bataver – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bataver" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1tavos" title="Bátavos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bátavos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavoj" title="Batavoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batavoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batabiar" title="Batabiar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Batabiar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_(%D9%82%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C)" title="باتاوی (قبیله آلمانی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باتاوی (قبیله آلمانی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataves" title="Bataves – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataves" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataven" title="Bataven – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bataven" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavci" title="Batavci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Batavci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavi" title="Batavi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Batavi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Batavi" title="Suku Batavi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Batavi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavi" title="Batavi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Batavi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavi" title="Batavi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Batavi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C3%A1vok" title="Batávok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Batávok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Батави – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Батави" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataven" title="Bataven – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bataven" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3" title="バタヴィ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バタヴィ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavere" title="Batavere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Batavere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataver" title="Bataver – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bataver" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batawowie" title="Batawowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Batawowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavos" title="Batavos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batavos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Батавы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Батавы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavi" title="Batavi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Batavi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavci" title="Batavci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Batavci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataavit" title="Bataavit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bataavit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataver" title="Bataver – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bataver" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Батави – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Батави" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%BA" title="巴达维人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴达维人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavon" title="Batavon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Batavon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q176825#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Batavians" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Batavia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Batavia (disambiguation)">Batavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batavi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Batavi (disambiguation)">Batavi</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Funerary_Stela_Corporis_Custodes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Funerary_Stela_Corporis_Custodes.jpg/220px-Funerary_Stela_Corporis_Custodes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Funerary_Stela_Corporis_Custodes.jpg/330px-Funerary_Stela_Corporis_Custodes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Funerary_Stela_Corporis_Custodes.jpg/440px-Funerary_Stela_Corporis_Custodes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="2032" /></a><figcaption>Funerary stela of one of <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>'s <i>Corporis Custodes</i>, the imperial <a href="/wiki/Germanic_bodyguard" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic bodyguard">Germanic bodyguard</a>. The bodyguard, Indus, was of the Batavian tribe.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Batavi</b> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="la-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">[bäˈt̪äːu̯iː]</a></span> were an ancient <a href="/wiki/Germanic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic tribes">Germanic</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tribe that lived around the modern <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> delta in the area that the Romans called <a href="/wiki/Batavia_(region)" title="Batavia (region)">Batavia</a>, from the second half of the first century BC to the third century AD. The name is also applied to several military units employed by the Romans that were originally raised among the Batavi. The tribal name, probably a derivation from <i>batawjō</i> ("good island", from <a href="/wiki/Germanic_Languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic Languages">Germanic</a> <i>bat-</i> meaning "good, excellent", which is also in the English "better", and <i>awjō</i> meaning "island, land near water"), may refer to the fertile <a href="/wiki/Betuwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Betuwe">Betuwe</a>, a region today known as the <i>fruitbasket of the Netherlands</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Germania_70_de.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Germania_70_de.svg/340px-Germania_70_de.svg.png" decoding="async" width="340" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Germania_70_de.svg/510px-Germania_70_de.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Germania_70_de.svg/680px-Germania_70_de.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The Batavi themselves are not mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> in his commentary <i><a href="/wiki/Commentarii_de_Bello_Gallico" title="Commentarii de Bello Gallico">Commentarii de Bello Gallico</a></i>, although he is often thought to have founded his dynasty's <a href="/wiki/Numerus_Batavorum" title="Numerus Batavorum">Germanic bodyguard</a>, which was at least in later generations dominated by Batavi. But he did mention the "Batavian island" in the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine river">Rhine river</a>. The island's easternmost point is at a split in the Rhine, one arm being the <a href="/wiki/Waal_(river)" title="Waal (river)">Waal</a> the other the <a href="/wiki/Nederrijn" title="Nederrijn">Lower Rhine</a>/<a href="/wiki/Oude_Rijn_(Utrecht_and_South_Holland)" title="Oude Rijn (Utrecht and South Holland)">Old Rhine</a> (hence the Latin name <i>Insula Batavorum</i>, "Island of the Batavi").<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much later <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> wrote that they had originally been a tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Chatti" title="Chatti">Chatti</a>, a tribe in Germany also never mentioned by Caesar (unless they were his "<a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a>"), who were forced by internal dissension to move to their new home.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The time when this happened is unknown, but Caesar does describe forced movements of tribes from the east in his time, such as the <a href="/wiki/Usipetes" title="Usipetes">Usipetes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tencteri" title="Tencteri">Tencteri</a>. </p><p>Tacitus also reports that before their arrival the area had been "an uninhabited district on the extremity of the coast of Gaul, and also of a neighbouring island, surrounded by the ocean in front, and by the river Rhine in the rear and on either side".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This view, however, is contradicted by the archeological evidence, which shows continuous habitation from at least the third century BC onward.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The strategic position, to wit the high bank of the Waal offering an unimpeded view far into Germania Transrhenana (Germania Beyond the Rhine), was recognized first by <a href="/wiki/Nero_Claudius_Drusus" title="Nero Claudius Drusus">Drusus</a>, who built a massive fortress (<i>castra</i>) and a headquarters (<i>praetorium</i>) in imperial style. The latter was in use until the Batavian revolt. </p><p>Archeological evidence suggests they lived in small villages, composed of six to 12 houses in the very fertile lands between the rivers, and lived by agriculture and cattle-raising. Finds of horse skeletons in graves suggest a strong equestrian preoccupation. On the south bank of the Waal (in what is now Nijmegen) a Roman administrative center was built, called <i>Oppidum Batavorum</i>. An <a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">Oppidum</a> was a fortified warehouse, where a tribe's treasures were stored and guarded. This centre was razed during the Batavian Revolt. The <a href="/wiki/Smetius_Collection" title="Smetius Collection">Smetius Collection</a> was instrumental in settling the debate about the exact location of the Batavians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_units">Military units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg/220px-The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg/330px-The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg/440px-The_Conspiracy_of_Claudius_Civilis_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5228" data-file-height="3348" /></a><figcaption><i>The Conspiracy of the Batavians under Claudius Civilis</i> by <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_van_Rijn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rembrandt van Rijn">Rembrandt van Rijn</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The first Batavi commander we know of is named <a href="/wiki/Chariovalda" title="Chariovalda">Chariovalda</a>, who led a charge across the Vīsurgis (<a href="/wiki/Weser" title="Weser">Weser</a>) river against the <a href="/wiki/Cherusci" title="Cherusci">Cherusci</a> led by Arminius during the campaigns of Germanicus in <i>Germania Transrhenana</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tacitus (<i><a href="/wiki/De_origine_et_situ_Germanorum" class="mw-redirect" title="De origine et situ Germanorum">De origine et situ Germanorum</a></i> XXIX) described the Batavi as the bravest of the tribes of the area, hardened in the Germanic wars, with cohorts under their own commanders transferred to <a href="/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia">Britannia</a>. They retained the honour of the ancient association with the Romans, not required to pay tribute or taxes and used by the Romans only for war: "They furnished to the Empire nothing but men and arms", Tacitus remarked. Well regarded for their skills in horsemanship and swimming—for men and horses could cross the Rhine without losing formation, according to Tacitus. <a href="/wiki/Dio_Cassius" class="mw-redirect" title="Dio Cassius">Dio Cassius</a> describes this surprise tactic employed by <a href="/wiki/Aulus_Plautius" title="Aulus Plautius">Aulus Plautius</a> against the "barbarians"—the British Celts— at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Medway" title="Battle of the Medway">battle of the River Medway</a>, 43: </p> <blockquote><p>The barbarians thought that Romans would not be able to cross it without a bridge, and consequently bivouacked in rather careless fashion on the opposite bank; but he sent across a detachment of Germanic tribesmen, who were accustomed to swim easily in full armour across the most turbulent streams. [...] Thence the Britons retired to the river Thames at a point near where it empties into the ocean and at flood-tide forms a lake. This they easily crossed because they knew where the firm ground and the easy passages in this region were to be found; but the Romans in attempting to follow them were not so successful. However, the Germans swam across again and some others got over by a bridge a little way up-stream, after which they assailed the barbarians from several sides at once and cut down many of them. (Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book 60:20)</p></blockquote> <p>It is uncertain how they were able to accomplish this feat. The late fourth century writer on Roman military affairs Vegetius mentions soldiers using reed rafts, drawn by leather leads, to transport equipment across rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the sources suggest the Batavi were able to swim across rivers actually wearing full armour and weapons. This would only have been possible by the use of some kind of buoyancy device: <a href="/wiki/Ammianus_Marcellinus" title="Ammianus Marcellinus">Ammianus Marcellinus</a> mentions that the <i><a href="/wiki/Cornuti" title="Cornuti">Cornuti</a></i> regiment swam across a river floating on their shields "as on a canoe" (357).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the shields were wooden, they may have provided sufficient buoyancy </p><p>The Batavi were used to form the bulk of the Emperor's personal <a href="/wiki/Germanic_bodyguard" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic bodyguard">Germanic bodyguard</a> from <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> to <a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a>. They also provided a contingent for their indirect successors, the Emperor's horse guards, the <i><a href="/wiki/Equites_singulares_Augusti" title="Equites singulares Augusti">Equites singulares Augusti</a></i>. </p><p>A Batavian contingent was used in an amphibious assault on <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Ynys Mon (Anglesey)</a>, taking the assembled <a href="/wiki/Druids" class="mw-redirect" title="Druids">Druids</a> by surprise, as they were only expecting Roman ships.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous altars and tombstones of the cohorts of Batavi, dating to the second century and third century, have been found along <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a>, notably at <a href="/wiki/Castlecary" title="Castlecary">Castlecary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carrawburgh" title="Carrawburgh">Carrawburgh</a>. As well as in Germany, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, Hungary, Romania and Austria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolt_of_the_Batavi">Revolt of the Batavi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Revolt of the Batavi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Batavi" title="Revolt of the Batavi">Revolt of the Batavi</a></div> <p>Despite the alliance, one of the high-ranking Batavi, Julius Paullus, to give him his Roman name, was executed by Fonteius Capito on a false charge of rebellion. His kinsman <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Civilis" title="Gaius Julius Civilis">Gaius Julius Civilis</a> was paraded in chains in Rome before <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>; though he was acquitted by <a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a>, he was retained at Rome, and when he returned to his kin in the year of upheaval in the Roman Empire, 69, he headed a Batavian rebellion. He managed to capture <a href="/wiki/Castra_Vetera" class="mw-redirect" title="Castra Vetera">Castra Vetera</a>, the Romans' lost two legions, while two others (I Germanica and XVI Gallica) were controlled by the rebels. The rebellion became a real threat to the Empire when the conflict escalated to northern Gaul and Germania. The Roman army retaliated and invaded the <i>insula Batavorum</i>. A bridge was built over the river <a href="/wiki/Nabalia" title="Nabalia">Nabalia</a>, where the warring parties approached each other on both sides to negotiate peace. The narrative was told in great detail in Tacitus' History, book iv, although, unfortunately, the narrative breaks off abruptly at the climax. Following the uprising, <a href="/wiki/Legio_X_Gemina" title="Legio X Gemina">Legio X <i>Gemina</i></a> was housed in a stone <i>castra</i> to keep an eye on the Batavians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fate_of_the_Batavi">Fate of the Batavi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fate of the Batavi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Batavi were still mentioned in 355 during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a> (317–361), when their island was already dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Salian_Franks" title="Salian Franks">Salii</a>, a Frankish tribe that had sought Roman protection there in 297 after having been expelled from their own country by the Saxons. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Gallus" title="Constantius Gallus">Constantius Gallus</a> added inhabitants of Batavia to his legions, "of whose discipline we still make use."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been assumed they merged with the Salii shortly before or after and, after having been expelled by another tribe (it has been proposed this was the <a href="/wiki/Chamavi" title="Chamavi">Chamavi</a>), shared their subsequent migration to <a href="/wiki/Toxandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxandria">Toxandria</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Late_Roman_army" title="Late Roman army">Late Roman army</a> there was a unit called <i><a href="/wiki/Batavi_(military_unit)" title="Batavi (military unit)">Batavi</a></i>. </p><p>The name of the Bavarian town of <a href="/wiki/Passau" title="Passau">Passau</a> descends from the Roman <i>Batavis</i>, which was named after the Batavi. The town's name is old as it shows the typical effects of the <a href="/wiki/High_German_consonant_shift" title="High German consonant shift">High German consonant shift</a> (b > p, t > ss). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Batavian_revival">The Batavian revival</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Batavian revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands#Batavians" title="History of the Netherlands">History of the Netherlands § Batavians</a></div> <p>In the 16th-century emergence of a popular foundation story and origin myth for the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch people</a>, the Batavians came to be regarded as their ancestors during their national struggle for independence during the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mix of fancy and fact in the <i>Cronyke van Hollandt, Zeelandt ende Vriesland</i> (called the <i>Divisiekroniek</i>) by the Augustinian friar and humanist Cornelius Gerardi Aurelius, first published in 1517, brought the spare remarks in Tacitus' newly rediscovered <i>Germania</i> to a popular public; it was being reprinted as late as 1802.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary Dutch virtues of independence, fortitude and industry were fully recognizable among the Batavians in more scholarly history represented in <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Hugo Grotius</a>' <i>Liber de Antiquitate Republicae Batavicorum</i> (1610). The origin was perpetuated by Romeyn de Hooghe's <i>Spiegel van Staat der Vereenigden Nederlanden</i> ("Mirror of the State of the United Netherlands," 1706), which also ran to many editions, and it was revived in the atmosphere of <a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic nationalism</a> in the late eighteenth-century reforms that saw a short-lived <a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">Batavian Republic</a> and, in the colony of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>, a capital that was named <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a>. Though since Indonesian independence the city is called <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, its inhabitants up to the present still call themselves <i><a href="/wiki/Betawi_people" title="Betawi people">Betawi</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Orang_Betawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Betawi">Orang Betawi</a></i>, i.e. "People of Batavia" – a name ultimately derived from the ancient Batavians.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The success of this tale of origins was mostly due to resemblance in anthropology, which was based on <a href="/wiki/Tribal_knowledge" title="Tribal knowledge">tribal knowledge</a>. Being politically and geographically inclusive, this historical vision filled the needs of Dutch nation-building and integration in the 1890–1914 era. </p><p>However, a disadvantage of this historical nationalism soon became apparent. It suggested there were no strong external borders, while allowing for the fairly clear-cut internal borders that were emerging as the society polarized into three parts. After 1945, the tribal knowledge lost its grip on anthropology and mostly vanished.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern variants of the Batavian <a href="/wiki/Founding_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Founding myth">founding myth</a> are made more accurate by pointing out that the Batavians were one part of the ancestry of the Dutch people - together with the <a href="/wiki/Frisians" title="Frisians">Frisians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a> – by tracing patterns of <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>. Echoes of this cultural continuity can still be found among various areas of Dutch modern culture, such as the very popular replica of the <a href="/wiki/Batavia_(1628_ship)" title="Batavia (1628 ship)">ship <i>Batavia</i></a> that can today be found in <a href="/wiki/Lelystad" title="Lelystad">Lelystad</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanisation_of_Gaul" title="Germanisation of Gaul">Germanisation of Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laeti" title="Laeti">Laeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Germanic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Germanic peoples">List of Germanic peoples</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDrinkwater2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Frederick_Drinkwater" class="mw-redirect" title="John Frederick Drinkwater">Drinkwater, John Frederick</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199545568.001.0001/acref-9780199545568-e-1065?">"Batavi"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Simon_Hornblower" title="Simon Hornblower">Hornblower, Simon</a>; Spawforth, Antony; <a href="/wiki/Esther_Eidinow" title="Esther Eidinow">Eidinow, Esther</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Classical_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oxford Classical Dictionary">The Oxford Classical Dictionary</a></i> (4 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0191735257" title="Special:BookSources/978-0191735257"><bdi>978-0191735257</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Batavi, a Germanic people, living on the lower Rhine... an offshoot of the Chatti...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Batavi&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Classical+Dictionary&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0191735257&rft.aulast=Drinkwater&rft.aufirst=John+Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199545568.001.0001%2Facref-9780199545568-e-1065%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0001:book=4:chapter=10&highlight=batavi">"C. Julius Caesar, Gallic War, Book 4, chapter 10"</a>. <i>tufts.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tufts.edu&rft.atitle=C.+Julius+Caesar%2C+Gallic+War%2C+Book+4%2C+chapter+10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0001%3Abook%3D4%3Achapter%3D10%26highlight%3Dbatavi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cornelius Tacitus, <i>Germany and its Tribes</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0083%3Achapter%3D29">1.29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tacitus, <i>Historiae</i> iv.12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Roymans, "The Lower Rhine <i>Triquetrum</i> Coinages and the Ethnogenesis of the Batavians", in: T. Grünewald & H.-J. Schalles (eds.), <i>Germania Inferior: Besiedlung, Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft an der Grenze der römisch-germanischen Welt</i> (2000), 93–145, esp. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tacitus, The Annals <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Annals_(Tacitus)/Book_2#11" class="extiw" title="s:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 2">2.11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vegetius <i>De re militari</i> III.7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ammianus_Marcellinus" title="Ammianus Marcellinus">Ammianus Marcellinus</a> XVI.11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tacitus Agricola 18.3–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/zosimus03_book3.htm">"Zosimus, New History. London: Green and Chaplin (1814). Book 3"</a>. <i>tertullian.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tertullian.org&rft.atitle=Zosimus%2C+New+History.+London%3A+Green+and+Chaplin+%281814%29.+Book+3.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tertullian.org%2Ffathers%2Fzosimus03_book3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This section follows <a href="/wiki/Simon_Schama" title="Simon Schama">Simon Schama</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Embarrassment_of_Riches:_An_Interpretation_of_Dutch_Culture_in_the_Golden_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age">The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age</a></i>, (New York) 1987, ch. II "Patriotic Scripture", especially pp. 72 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humbox.ac.uk/2443/1/index.html">The Batavian Myth</a>: A Study Pack from the Department of Dutch, University College London</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I. Schöffer, "The Batavian myth during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries," in P. A. M. Geurts and A. E. M. Janssen, <i>Geschiedschrijving in Nederland</i> ('Gravenhage) 1981:84–109, noted by Schama 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnorr2014" class="citation book cs1">Knorr, Jacqueline (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZfiAgAAQBAJ&q=Betawi+native+Jakartans&pg=PA91"><i>Creole Identity in Postcolonial Indonesia. Volume 9 of Integration and Conflict Studies</i></a>. Berghahn Books. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782382690" title="Special:BookSources/9781782382690"><bdi>9781782382690</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creole+Identity+in+Postcolonial+Indonesia.+Volume+9+of+Integration+and+Conflict+Studies&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781782382690&rft.aulast=Knorr&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1ZfiAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DBetawi%2Bnative%2BJakartans%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeyen2000" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnix_Beyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marnix Beyen (page does not exist)">Beyen, Marnix</a> (2000). "A Tribal Trinity: the Rise and Fall of the Franks, the Frisians and the Saxons in the Historical Consciousness of the Netherlands since 1850". <i>European History Quarterly</i>. <b>30</b> (4): 493–532. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F026569140003000402">10.1177/026569140003000402</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0265-6914">0265-6914</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145656182">145656182</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+History+Quarterly&rft.atitle=A+Tribal+Trinity%3A+the+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Franks%2C+the+Frisians+and+the+Saxons+in+the+Historical+Consciousness+of+the+Netherlands+since+1850&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=493-532&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145656182%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0265-6914&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F026569140003000402&rft.aulast=Beyen&rft.aufirst=Marnix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span> Fulltext: <a href="/wiki/EBSCO" class="mw-redirect" title="EBSCO">EBSCO</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoymans2004" class="citation book cs1">Roymans, Nico (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cWdZAQAAQBAJ"><i>Ethnic Identity and Imperial Power: The Batavians in the Early Roman Empire</i></a>. Amsterdam University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-705-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-705-0"><bdi>978-90-5356-705-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Identity+and+Imperial+Power%3A+The+Batavians+in+the+Early+Roman+Empire&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-90-5356-705-0&rft.aulast=Roymans&rft.aufirst=Nico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcWdZAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoymans2009" class="citation book cs1">Roymans, Nico (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fM_cmuhmSbIC&pg=PA219">"Hercules and the construction of a Batavian identity in the context of the Roman empire"</a>. In Derks, Ton; Roymans, Nico (eds.). <i>Ethnic Constructs in Antiquity: The Role of Power and Tradition</i>. Amsterdam University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8964-078-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-8964-078-9"><bdi>978-90-8964-078-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hercules+and+the+construction+of+a+Batavian+identity+in+the+context+of+the+Roman+empire&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Constructs+in+Antiquity%3A+The+Role+of+Power+and+Tradition&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-8964-078-9&rft.aulast=Roymans&rft.aufirst=Nico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfM_cmuhmSbIC%26pg%3DPA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerks2009" class="citation book cs1">Derks, Tom (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fM_cmuhmSbIC&pg=PA239">"Ethnic identity in the Roman frontier. The epigraphy of Batavi and other Lower Rhine tribes"</a>. In Derks, Ton; Roymans, Nico (eds.). <i>Ethnic Constructs in Antiquity: The Role of Power and Tradition</i>. Amsterdam University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8964-078-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-8964-078-9"><bdi>978-90-8964-078-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ethnic+identity+in+the+Roman+frontier.+The+epigraphy+of+Batavi+and+other+Lower+Rhine+tribes&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Constructs+in+Antiquity%3A+The+Role+of+Power+and+Tradition&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-8964-078-9&rft.aulast=Derks&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfM_cmuhmSbIC%26pg%3DPA239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunt1960" class="citation journal cs1">Brunt, P. A. (1960). "Tacitus on the Batavian revolt". <i>Latomus</i>. <b>19</b> (3): 494–517. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0023-8856">0023-8856</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41523591">41523591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latomus&rft.atitle=Tacitus+on+the+Batavian+revolt&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=494-517&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41523591%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0023-8856&rft.aulast=Brunt&rft.aufirst=P.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassall1970" class="citation journal cs1">Hassall, M. W. C. (1970). "Batavians and the Roman Conquest of Britain". <i>Britannia</i>. <b>1</b>: 131–136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F525836">10.2307/525836</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/525836">525836</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163783165">163783165</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Britannia&rft.atitle=Batavians+and+the+Roman+Conquest+of+Britain&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=131-136&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163783165%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F525836%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F525836&rft.aulast=Hassall&rft.aufirst=M.+W.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2019" class="citation cs2">Martin, Stéphane (2019), "The Batavian Countryside: Storage in a Non-Villa Landscape", <i>Rural Granaries in Northern Gaul (Sixth Century BCE – Fourth Century CE)</i>, From Archaeology to Economic History, vol. 8, Brill, pp. 106–127, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-38903-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-38903-8"><bdi>978-90-04-38903-8</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctvrxk32d.11">10.1163/j.ctvrxk32d.11</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rural+Granaries+in+Northern+Gaul+%28Sixth+Century+BCE+%E2%80%93+Fourth+Century+CE%29&rft.atitle=The+Batavian+Countryside%3A+Storage+in+a+Non-Villa+Landscape&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=106-127&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1163%2Fj.ctvrxk32d.11%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-90-04-38903-8&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeidel1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_P._Speidel" title="Michael P. Speidel">Speidel, Michael P.</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xc2PAgAAQBAJ"><i>Riding for Caesar: The Roman Emperor's Horseguard</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-78255-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-78255-9"><bdi>978-1-135-78255-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riding+for+Caesar%3A+The+Roman+Emperor%27s+Horseguard&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-135-78255-9&rft.aulast=Speidel&rft.aufirst=Michael+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxc2PAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Groesen" class="citation web cs1">van Groesen, Michiel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humbox.ac.uk/2443/1/index.html">"The Batavian Myth"</a>. <i>University College London</i>. A Study Pack from the Department of Dutch<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+College+London&rft.atitle=The+Batavian+Myth&rft.aulast=van+Groesen&rft.aufirst=Michiel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhumbox.ac.uk%2F2443%2F1%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_EnckevortHeirbaut2015" class="citation journal cs1">Van Enckevort, Harry; Heirbaut, Elly N. A. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fgallia.1577">"Nijmegen, from Oppidum Batavorum to Vlpia Noviomagus, civitas of the Batavi: Two successive civitas-capitals"</a>. <i>Gallia</i>. <b>72</b> (1): 285–298. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fgallia.1577">10.4000/gallia.1577</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0016-4119">0016-4119</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44744321">44744321</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gallia&rft.atitle=Nijmegen%2C+from+Oppidum+Batavorum+to+Vlpia+Noviomagus%2C+civitas+of+the+Batavi%3A+Two+successive+civitas-capitals&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=285-298&rft.date=2015&rft.issn=0016-4119&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44744321%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fgallia.1577&rft.aulast=Van+Enckevort&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.au=Heirbaut%2C+Elly+N.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4000%252Fgallia.1577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeedavan_der_Poel2014" class="citation journal cs1">Weeda, Leendert; van der Poel, Marc (2014). "Vergil and the Batavians ("Aeneid" 8.727)". <i>Mnemosyne</i>. <b>67</b> (4): 588–612. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1568525X-12341310">10.1163/1568525X-12341310</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-7074">0026-7074</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24521754">24521754</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mnemosyne&rft.atitle=Vergil+and+the+Batavians+%28%22Aeneid%22+8.727%29&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=588-612&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=0026-7074&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24521754%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1568525X-12341310&rft.aulast=Weeda&rft.aufirst=Leendert&rft.au=van+der+Poel%2C+Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodside1937" class="citation journal cs1">Woodside, M. St. A. (1937). "The Role of Eight Batavian Cohorts in the Events of 68-69 A.D.". <i>Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association</i>. <b>68</b>: 277–283. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F283269">10.2307/283269</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/283269">283269</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+and+Proceedings+of+the+American+Philological+Association&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Eight+Batavian+Cohorts+in+the+Events+of+68-69+A.D.&rft.volume=68&rft.pages=277-283&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F283269&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F283269%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Woodside&rft.aufirst=M.+St.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatavi+%28Germanic+tribe%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classics.mit.edu/Tacitus/histories.4.iv.html">Tacitus, <i>Histories</i>, Book iv</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/a/1/germania/germinf_map.gif">A map</a> of the Roman province <a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a> and neighbouring tribes.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-britain.co.uk/regiments/coh1bat/">Cohors Primae Batavorum</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germanic_peoples" title="Template:Germanic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germanic_peoples" title="Template talk:Germanic peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germanic_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germanic peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Germanic_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d5dcb0;"><div><a href="/wiki/Ethnolinguistic_group" title="Ethnolinguistic group">Ethnolinguistic group</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern European</a> origin primarily identified as speakers of <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Roman_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Roman Iron Age">Pre-Roman Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Iron Age">Roman Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Germanic_culture" title="Romano-Germanic culture">Romano-Germanic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic Iron Age">Germanic Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_culture" title="Early Germanic culture">Early culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_art" title="Migration Period art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_calendars" title="Early Germanic calendars">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_early_Germanic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Family in early Germanic culture">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_mythology" title="Germanic mythology">Folklore </a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_folklore" title="Proto-Germanic folklore">Proto-Germanic folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon mythology">Anglo-Saxon mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental Germanic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_funerary_practices" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic funerary practices">Funerary practices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_burial_mounds" title="Anglo-Saxon burial mounds">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_funeral" title="Norse funeral">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_law" title="Germanic law">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_law" title="Anglo-Saxon law">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Scandinavian_law" title="Medieval Scandinavian law">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_literature" title="Old English literature">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_literature" title="Old Norse literature">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Names</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Numbers in Germanic paganism">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Paganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_paganism" title="Gothic paganism">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_in_Germanic_paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rings in Germanic paganism">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_culture#Scripts" title="Early Germanic culture">Scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic symbols">Symbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_warfare" title="Early Germanic warfare">Warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_warfare" title="Anglo-Saxon warfare">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_and_Vandal_warfare" title="Gothic and Vandal warfare">Gothic and Vandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_raid_warfare_and_tactics" title="Viking raid warfare and tactics">Viking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_parent_language" title="Germanic parent language">Germanic parent language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germanic_languages" title="East Germanic languages">East Germanic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" title="North Germanic languages">North Germanic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_Germanic_peoples" title="List of early Germanic peoples">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brisigavi" title="Brisigavi">Brisgavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucinobantes" title="Bucinobantes">Bucinobantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentienses" title="Lentienses">Lentienses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetovari" title="Raetovari">Raetovari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrabaecampi" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrabaecampi">Adrabaecampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angles_(tribe)" title="Angles (tribe)">Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrones" title="Ambrones">Ambrones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampsivarii" title="Ampsivarii">Ampsivarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angrivarii" title="Angrivarii">Angrivarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armalausi" title="Armalausi">Armalausi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auiones" title="Auiones">Auiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avarpi" title="Avarpi">Avarpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baemi" title="Baemi">Baemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiuvarii" title="Baiuvarii">Baiuvarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banochaemae" title="Banochaemae">Banochaemae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastarnae" title="Bastarnae">Bastarnae</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Batavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germani_cisrhenani" title="Germani cisrhenani">Germani cisrhenani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atuatuci" title="Atuatuci">Atuatuci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerosi" title="Caerosi">Caeroesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condrusi" title="Condrusi">Condrusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburones" title="Eburones">Eburones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paemani" title="Paemani">Paemani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segni_(tribe)" title="Segni (tribe)">Segni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morini" title="Morini">Morini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nervii" title="Nervii">Nervii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateinoi" title="Bateinoi">Bateinoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baetasii" title="Baetasii">Betasii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brondings" title="Brondings">Brondings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bructeri" title="Bructeri">Bructeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundians" title="Burgundians">Burgundians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buri_tribe" title="Buri tribe">Buri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cananefates" title="Cananefates">Cananefates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritni" title="Caritni">Caritni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuari" title="Casuari">Casuari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaedini" title="Chaedini">Chaedini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaemae" title="Chaemae">Chaemae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamavi" title="Chamavi">Chamavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chali" title="Chali">Chali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charudes" title="Charudes">Charudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasuarii" title="Chasuarii">Chasuarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattuarii" title="Chattuarii">Chattuarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatti" title="Chatti">Chatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauci" title="Chauci">Chauci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherusci" title="Cherusci">Cherusci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimbri" title="Cimbri">Cimbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobandi" title="Cobandi">Cobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corconti" title="Corconti">Corconti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cugerni" title="Cugerni">Cugerni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danes_(tribe)" title="Danes (tribe)">Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dauciones" title="Dauciones">Dauciones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulgubnii" title="Dulgubnii">Dulgubnii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favonae" title="Favonae">Favonae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firaesi" title="Firaesi">Firaesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosi" title="Fosi">Fosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ripuarian_Franks" title="Ripuarian Franks">Ripuarian Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salian_Franks" title="Salian Franks">Salian Franks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisiavones" title="Frisiavones">Frisiavones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisii" title="Frisii">Frisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambrivii" title="Gambrivii">Gambrivii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geats" title="Geats">Geats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepids" title="Gepids">Gepids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Goths" title="Crimean Goths">Crimean Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greuthungi" title="Greuthungi">Greuthungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutones" title="Gutones">Gutones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thervingi" title="Thervingi">Thervingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Goths" title="Thracian Goths">Thracian Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutes" title="Gutes">Gutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harii" title="Harii">Harii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermunduri" title="Hermunduri">Hermunduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heruli" title="Heruli">Heruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilleviones" title="Hilleviones">Hilleviones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingaevones" title="Ingaevones">Ingaevones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irminones" title="Irminones">Irminones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istvaeones" title="Istvaeones">Istvaeones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jutes" title="Jutes">Jutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juthungi" title="Juthungi">Juthungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacringi" title="Lacringi">Lacringi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemovii" title="Lemovii">Lemovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hea%C3%B0obards" title="Heaðobards">Heaðobards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugii" title="Lugii">Lugii</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diduni" title="Diduni">Diduni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helisii" class="mw-redirect" title="Helisii">Helisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helveconae" title="Helveconae">Helveconae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manimi" title="Manimi">Manimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahanarvali" title="Nahanarvali">Nahanarvali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomanni" title="Marcomanni">Marcomanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsacii" title="Marsacii">Marsacii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Marsi (Germanic tribe)">Marsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattiaci" title="Mattiaci">Mattiaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemetes" title="Nemetes">Nemetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njars" title="Njars">Njars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuithones" title="Nuithones">Nuithones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osi_(tribe)" title="Osi (tribe)">Osi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadi" title="Quadi">Quadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reudigni" title="Reudigni">Reudigni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugii" title="Rugii">Rugii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugini" title="Rugini">Rugini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnones" title="Semnones">Semnones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicambri" title="Sicambri">Sicambri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciri" title="Sciri">Sciri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitones" title="Sitones">Sitones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suarines" title="Suarines">Suarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunici" title="Sunici">Sunici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedes_(tribe)" title="Swedes (tribe)">Swedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifals" title="Taifals">Taifals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencteri" title="Tencteri">Tencteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutons" title="Teutons">Teutons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelir" title="Thelir">Thelir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuringii" title="Thuringii">Thuringii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texandri" title="Texandri">Toxandri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treveri" title="Treveri">Treveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triboci" title="Triboci">Triboci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubantes" title="Tubantes">Tubantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulingi" title="Tulingi">Tulingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungri" title="Tungri">Tungri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubii" title="Ubii">Ubii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usipetes" title="Usipetes">Usipetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagoth" title="Vagoth">Vagoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasdingi" title="Hasdingi">Hasdingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silingi" title="Silingi">Silingi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vangiones" title="Vangiones">Vangiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varisci" title="Varisci">Varisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victohali" title="Victohali">Victohali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidivarii" title="Vidivarii">Vidivarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoviloth" title="Vinoviloth">Vinoviloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warini" title="Warini">Warini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_the_Germanic_peoples" title="Christianisation of the Germanic peoples">Christianization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Christianity" title="Gothic Christianity">Gothic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Franks" title="Christianization of the Franks">Christianization of the Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England">Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Scandinavia" title="Christianization of Scandinavia">Christianization of Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iceland" title="Christianization of Iceland">Christianization of Iceland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" 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