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id="toc-Devotional_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bhakti_Yoga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bhakti_Yoga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bhakti Yoga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bhakti_Yoga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet_and_lifestyle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet_and_lifestyle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Diet and lifestyle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet_and_lifestyle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attitude_toward_scriptures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attitude_toward_scriptures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Attitude toward scriptures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attitude_toward_scriptures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sampradaya_and_parampara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sampradaya_and_parampara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sampradaya and parampara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sampradaya_and_parampara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Early growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17th–18th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17th–18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>17th–18th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17th–18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manipuri_Vaishnavism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manipuri_Vaishnavism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Manipuri Vaishnavism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manipuri_Vaishnavism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaudiya_and_other_Vaishnava_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaudiya_and_other_Vaishnava_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gaudiya and other Vaishnava schools</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gaudiya_and_other_Vaishnava_schools-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gaudiya and other Vaishnava schools subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gaudiya_and_other_Vaishnava_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theological_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theological_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Theological sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theological_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Gaudiya_Vaishnava_societies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Gaudiya_Vaishnava_societies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Modern Gaudiya Vaishnava societies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_Gaudiya_Vaishnava_societies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern Gaudiya Vaishnava societies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_Gaudiya_Vaishnava_societies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offshoots_of_Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offshoots_of_Gaudiya_Vaishnavism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Offshoots of Gaudiya Vaishnavism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offshoots_of_Gaudiya_Vaishnavism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Official_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Official websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="গৌড়ীয় বৈষ্ণৱবাদ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গৌড়ীয় বৈষ্ণৱবাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="গৌড়ীয় বৈষ্ণববাদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গৌড়ীয় বৈষ্ণববাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Гаудия вайшнавизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гаудия вайшнавизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnava" title="Gaudiya Vaishnava – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gaudiya Vaishnava" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaisnavismo_gaud%C3%ADa" title="Vaisnavismo gaudía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vaisnavismo gaudía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaudija_Vaj%C5%9Dnavismo" title="Gaudija Vajŝnavismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gaudija Vajŝnavismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8C%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%88%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%B5_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF" title="ગૌડીય વૈષ્ણવ સંપ્રદાય – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગૌડીય વૈષ્ણવ સંપ્રદાય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%B0%EB%94%94%EC%95%BC_%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%88%EB%88%84%ED%8C%8C" title="가우디야 비슈누파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가우디야 비슈누파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="गौड़ीय वैष्णव संप्रदाय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गौड़ीय वैष्णव संप्रदाय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaudiya_Waisnawa" title="Gaudiya Waisnawa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gaudiya Waisnawa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87uismo_gau%E1%B8%8D%C4%ABya" title="Viṣṇuismo gauḍīya – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Viṣṇuismo gauḍīya" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="גאודיה ואישנוויזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאודיה ואישנוויזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A5" title="ಗೌಡೀಯ ವೈಷ್ಣವ ಪಂಥ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗೌಡೀಯ ವೈಷ್ಣವ ಪಂಥ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaudija_vai%C5%A1navai" title="Gaudija vaišnavai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gaudija vaišnavai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="गौडिय वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गौडिय वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaudiya">Gaudiya</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hindu religious movement</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Gaudiya Vaishnavism</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ISKONNVCC_08.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ISKONNVCC_08.JPG/250px-ISKONNVCC_08.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ISKONNVCC_08.JPG/500px-ISKONNVCC_08.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="2104" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Vigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigraha">Vigrahas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nityananda" title="Nityananda">Nityananda prabhu</a> at <a href="/wiki/ISKCON_Temple,_Pune" title="ISKCON Temple, Pune">ISKCON Temple, Pune</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Founder</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a> (1486–1534)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Religions</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Scriptures</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" 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sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Vaishnavism" title="Category:Vaishnavism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: #c9d5f2; border-color: #001A57"><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Vaishnavism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Git_govind_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet."><img alt="Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/250px-Git_govind_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/330px-Git_govind_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/500px-Git_govind_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Supreme deity</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Important deities</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsya" title="Matsya">Matsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurma" title="Kurma">Kurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha" title="Varaha">Varaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamana" title="Vamana">Vamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasurama" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasurama">Parasurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Balarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha in Hinduism">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other forms</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhanvantari" title="Dhanvantari">Dhanvantari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayurappan" title="Guruvayurappan">Guruvayurappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayagriva" title="Hayagriva">Hayagriva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohini" title="Mohini">Mohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara-Narayana" title="Nara-Narayana">Nara-Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithu" title="Prithu">Prithu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinathji" title="Shrinathji">Shrinathji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkateshvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkateshvara">Venkateshvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vithoba</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Consorts</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamelu" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamelu">Alamelu</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Related</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesha" title="Shesha">Shesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(deity)" title="Shasta (deity)">Shasta</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu scriptures"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Holy scriptures</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikhanasa" title="Vaikhanasa">Vaikhanasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harivamsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Harivamsa">Harivamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divya_Prabandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandha">Divya Prabandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gita_Govinda" title="Gita Govinda">Gita Govinda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Sampradayas</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Sampradaya">Sri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudra_Sampradaya" title="Rudra Sampradaya">Rudra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Śuddhādvaita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81ra_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumāra Sampradaya">Kumara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dvaitadvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaitadvaita">Dvaitadvaita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tattvavada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tattvavada">Tattvavada</a> or (<a href="/wiki/Dvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a>)), <a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Acintyabhedabheda</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Others</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranami_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Pranami Sampraday">Pranami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Vallabh_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Radha Vallabh Sampradaya">Radha Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsnehi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramsnehi">Ramsnehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Vaishnava-Sahajiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Teachers—acharyas</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="Dnyaneshwar">Jñāneśvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavdev" title="Madhavdev">Madhavdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Manavala Mamunigal">Manavala Mamunigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nammalvar" title="Nammalvar">Nammalvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathamuni" title="Nathamuni">Nathamuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka" title="Nimbarka">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabha_Tirtha" title="Padmanabha Tirtha">Padmanabha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillai_Lokacharya" title="Pillai Lokacharya">Pillai Lokacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Tirtha" title="Raghavendra Tirtha">Raghavendra Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabhinava_Tirtha" title="Satyabhinava Tirtha">Satyabhinava Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabodha_Tirtha" title="Satyabodha Tirtha">Satyabodha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadharma_Tirtha" title="Satyadharma Tirtha">Satyadharma Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyapati" title="Vidyapati">Vidyapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnuswami" title="Vishnuswami">Vishnuswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthalanatha" title="Vitthalanatha">Viṭṭhalanātha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunacharya" title="Yamunacharya">Yamunacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Kantha_Krishnamacharyulu" title="Sri Kantha Krishnamacharyulu">Sri Kantha Krishnamacharyulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annamacharya" title="Annamacharya">Annamacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrachala_Ramadasu" title="Bhadrachala Ramadasu">Bhadrachala Ramadasu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Related traditions</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagavatism">Bhagavatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikhanasas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaikhanasas">Vaikhanasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism#Tenkalai_("southern")_-_Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Tenkalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism#Vadakalai_("northern")_-_Vedanta_Desika" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Vadakalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munitraya_Sampradayam" class="mw-redirect" title="Munitraya Sampradayam">Munitraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannathism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Sahajiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaudiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanandi">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapadi" title="Kapadi">Kapadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmikism" title="Balmikism">Balmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir_panth" title="Kabir panth">Kabir panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanam_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanam Sampraday">Mahanam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Template:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vaishnavism" title="Template talk:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;background:#FFC569;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/120px-1_Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/250px-1_Om.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">Origins</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"><b>Historical</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic Hinduism">Vedic Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a" title="Śramaṇa">Śramaṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_religions_in_India" title="Tribal religions in India">Tribal religions in India</a></li></ul> <p><b>Traditional</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasa-Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_royal_genealogies" title="Epic-Puranic royal genealogies">Epic-Puranic royal genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_chronology" title="Epic-Puranic chronology">Epic-Puranic chronology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Major Sampradaya (Traditions)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Pashupata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijña</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Other Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></i></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Absolute Reality / Unifying Force</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other major <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devis</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Vedic Deities:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tridasha">Tridasha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adityas" title="Adityas">Adityas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudras" title="Rudras">Rudras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasus">Vasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Other Vedic Deities</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Post-Vedic:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navadurga" title="Navadurga">Navadurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Concepts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Worldview</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_cosmology" title="Hindu cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ontology</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tattva" title="Tattva">Tattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanmatras" title="Tanmatras">Subtle elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchikarana" title="Panchikarana">Panchikarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhuta" title="Pancha Bhuta">Gross elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%E1%B9%87a" title="Guṇa">Guṇas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prak%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Prakṛti">Prakṛti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Para_Brahman" title="Para Brahman">Supreme reality</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirguna_brahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirguna brahman">Nirguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguna_brahman" title="Saguna brahman">Saguna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saccid%C4%81nanda" title="Saccidānanda">Saccidānanda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">God</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">God in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_gender_in_Hinduism" title="God and gender in Hinduism">God and gender</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārtha (Meaning of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80%C5%9Brama_(stage)" title="Āśrama (stage)">Āśrama (Stages of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E1%B9%9Bhastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gṛhastha">Gṛhastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81naprastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vānaprastha">Vānaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Three_Yogas" title="Three Yogas">Three paths to liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Mokṣa-related topics:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramatman" title="Paramatman">Paramātman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Mind</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Ātman (self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81tman_(Hinduism)" title="Anātman (Hinduism)">Anātman (non-self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_bodies_doctrine" title="Three bodies doctrine">Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antahkarana" title="Antahkarana">Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Hinduism)" title="Prajñā (Hinduism)">Prajña (wisdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda_(Hindu_philosophy)" title="Ānanda (Hindu philosophy)">Ānanda (happiness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viveka" title="Viveka">Viveka (discernment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairagya" title="Vairagya">Vairagya (dispassion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatva" title="Samatva">Sama (equanimity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Dama (temperance)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uparati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uparati (page does not exist)">Uparati (self-settledness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titiksha" title="Titiksha">Titiksha (forbearance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">Shraddha (faith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samadhana (concentration)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arishadvargas" title="Arishadvargas">Arishadvargas (six enemies)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahamkara" title="Ahamkara">Ahamkara (attachment)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ethics</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti śastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Achourya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjava" title="Arjava">Arjava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santosha" title="Santosha">Santosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaucha" title="Shaucha">Shaucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitahara" title="Mitahara">Mitahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources of dharma</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Epistemology</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratyaksha" title="Pratyaksha">Pratyakṣa (perception)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anumāṇa" title="Pramana">Anumāṇa (inference)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upam%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Upamāṇa">Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Arthāpatti" title="Pramana">Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anupalabdi" title="Pramana">Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabda" title="Shabda">Śabda (word, testimony)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a>, sacrifice, and charity</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arti_(Hinduism)" title="Arti (Hinduism)">Ārtī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_Hinduism" title="Prayer in Hinduism">Prarthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kīrtana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpana" title="Tarpana">Tarpana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C4%81ya%C5%9Bcitta" title="Prāyaścitta">Prāyaścitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatra" title="Yatra">Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthadana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Nritta-Nritya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">Sevā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_Hinduism" title="Exorcism in Hinduism">Exorcism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Meditation</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samādhāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nididhy%C4%81sana" title="Nididhyāsana">Nididhyāsana</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">Sādhanā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Rāja yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundalini_yoga" title="Kundalini yoga">Kundalini yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Arts</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandiya_Raas" title="Dandiya Raas">Dandiya Raas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandav_Lila" title="Pandav Lila">Pandav Lila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaripayattu" title="Kalaripayattu">Kalaripayattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silambam" title="Silambam">Silambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimurai" title="Adimurai">Adimurai</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Rites of passage</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Pumsavana Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simantonnayana" title="Simantonnayana">Simantonnayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Nāmakaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyāraṃbhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyesti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami-Dussehra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophical schools</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Astika" class="mw-redirect" title="Astika">Six Astika schools</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" class="mw-redirect" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other schools</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Gurus, Rishi, Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">Ancient</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saptarshi" title="Saptarshi">Saptarshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vashistha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vashistha">Vashistha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamadagni" title="Jamadagni">Jamadagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya_Sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Sutras">Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharadwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharadwaja">Bharadwaja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruni" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruni">Aruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtavakra" title="Ashtavakra">Ashtavakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanada (philosopher)">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raikva" title="Raikva">Raikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyakama_Jabala" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyakama Jabala">Satyakama Jabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajnavalkya" title="Yajnavalkya">Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvars" title="Alvars">Alvars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Kathiababa" title="Ramdas Kathiababa">Ramdas Kathiababa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changdev" class="mw-redirect" title="Changdev">Chāngadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath" title="Eknath">Eknath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangesha_Upadhyaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangesha Upadhyaya">Gangesha Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorakshanath">Gorakshanatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa_Thakur" title="Haridasa Thakur">Haridasa Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Odia_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B1%C4%81ne%C5%9Bvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jñāneśvar">Jñāneśvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhus%C5%ABdana_Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Madhusūdana Sarasvatī">Madhusūdana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendranath" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendranath">Matsyendranatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morya_Gosavi" title="Morya Gosavi">Morya Gosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukundraj" title="Mukundraj">Mukundarāja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narahari_Tirtha" title="Narahari Tirtha">Narahari Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Saraswati" title="Narasimha Saraswati">Narasimha Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayanars" title="Nayanars">Nayanars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarkacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Swami" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghavendra Swami">Raghavendra Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripada_Srivallabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sripada Srivallabha">Sripada Srivallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surdas" title="Surdas">Surdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Sastri" title="Syama Sastri">Śyāma Śastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyagaraja" title="Tyagaraja">Tyagaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81caspati_Mi%C5%9Bra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vācaspati Miśra">Vācaspati Miśra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyaranya" title="Vidyaranya">Vidyaranya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasaraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyasaraja">Vyasaraja</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Modern</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekarendra_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekarendra Saraswati">Chandrashekarendra Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinmayananda">Chinmayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnananda_Saraswati" title="Krishnananda Saraswati">Krishnananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavatar_Babaji" title="Mahavatar Babaji">Mahavatar Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisargadatta_Maharaj" title="Nisargadatta Maharaj">Nisargadatta Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Dattatrya_Ranade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade">R. D. Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama_Tirtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Rama Tirtha">Rama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramdas" title="Swami Ramdas">Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Samarth" title="Swami Samarth">Samarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Shirdi Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddharameshwar_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddharameshwar Maharaj">Siddharameshwar Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailanga" title="Trailanga">Trailanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._G._Krishnamurti" title="U. G. Krishnamurti">U. G. Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upasni_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Upasni Maharaj">Upasni Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vethathiri_Maharishi" title="Vethathiri Maharishi">Vethathiri Maharishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources and classification of scripture</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80c%C4%81ra" title="Ācāra">Ācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmatusti" title="Atmatusti">Ātmatuṣṭi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hindu_texts" title="Timeline of Hindu texts">Timeline of Hindu texts</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Divisions</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhitapatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samhitapatha">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Principal_Upanishads" title="Principal Upanishads">Principal Upanishads</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i>Rigveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Yajurveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitri</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Samaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Atharvaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedangas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedangas">Vedangas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_metre" title="Vedic metre">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu scriptures">Other scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)"><i>Agama</i>s (Hinduism)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devi_Bhagavata_Purana" title="Devi Bhagavata Purana">Devi Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vamana_Purana" title="Vamana Purana">Vāmana Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matsya_Purana" title="Matsya Purana">Matsya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Purana" title="Brahma Purana">Brahma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmanda_Purana" title="Brahmanda Purana">Brahmanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Vaivarta_Purana" title="Brahma Vaivarta Purana">Brahma Vaivarta Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhavishya_Purana" title="Bhavishya Purana">Bhavishya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Purana" title="Shiva Purana">Shiva Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linga_Purana" title="Linga Purana">Linga Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurma_Purana" title="Kurma Purana">Kūrma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Purana" title="Varaha Purana">Varaha Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Markandeya_Purana" title="Markandeya Purana">Markandeya Purana</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas#Upaveda" title="Vedas">Upavedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhanurveda" title="Dhanurveda">Dhanurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gandharvaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandharvaveda">Gandharvaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sthapatyaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sthapatyaveda">Sthapatyaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">sutras</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samhita" title="Samhita">samhitas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharma Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Artha Śastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">Shilpa Shastras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samkhya_Pravachana_Sutra" title="Samkhya Pravachana Sutra">Samkhya Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Mimamsa Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Nyāya Sūtras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Pramana Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charaka_Samhita" title="Charaka Samhita">Charaka Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sushruta_Samhita" title="Sushruta Samhita">Sushruta Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panchatantra" title="Panchatantra">Panchatantra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramcharitmanas" title="Ramcharitmanas">Ramcharitmanas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Swarodaya" title="Shiva Swarodaya">Swara yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panchadasi" title="Panchadasi">Panchadasi</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; 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Specifically, it is part of <a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a>–<a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>-centric Vaishnavite traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHardy1987387–392_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHardy1987387–392-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its theological basis is primarily that of the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i> (known within the tradition as the <i>Srimad Bhagavatam</i>), as interpreted by early followers of Chaitanya, such as <a href="/wiki/Sanatana_Goswami" title="Sanatana Goswami">Sanatana Goswami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa Goswami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gopala_Bhatta_Goswami" title="Gopala Bhatta Goswami">Gopala Bhatta Goswami</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryant2017650_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryant2017650-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoldrege2017_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoldrege2017-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The focus of Gaudiya Vaishnavism is the devotional worship (known as <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">bhakti yoga</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>, and their many divine incarnations as the supreme forms of God, <i><a href="/wiki/Svayam_Bhagavan" title="Svayam Bhagavan">Svayam Bhagavan</a></i>. Most popularly, this worship takes the form of singing Radha and Krishna's holy names, such as "<a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Hare</a>", "Krishna" and "<a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a>", most commonly in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_(mantra)" title="Hare Krishna (mantra)">Hare Krishna (mantra)</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">kirtan</a> and dancing along with it. </p><p>In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Bengal became the center of a Hindu religious awakening and Gaudiya Vaishnavism influenced or served as the basis for some of its <a href="/wiki/New_religious_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="New religious movements">new religious movements</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Math" title="Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Math</a>, from which institutions with international projection were derived,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESardella2013138_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESardella2013138-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay196464–67_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERay196464–67-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Mission" title="Gaudiya Mission">Gaudiya Mission</a> and the well-known <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">International Society for Krishna Consciousness</a>, more often called the "Hare Krishna Movement".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor1977Front_matter_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor1977Front_matter-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelberg1983Front_matter_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelberg1983Front_matter-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESardella2013138_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESardella2013138-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Sardella" title="Ferdinando Sardella">Ferdinando Sardella</a> estimates there are about 30 to 50 million adherents of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, concentrated mostly in the regions of <a href="/wiki/Orissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa">Orissa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a>, West Bengal and Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESardella2013256_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESardella2013256-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophical_concepts">Philosophical concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Philosophical concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Living_beings">Living beings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Living beings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Gaudiya Vaishnava philosophy, <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">consciousness</a> is not a product of <a href="/wiki/Prakrti" class="mw-redirect" title="Prakrti">matter</a>, but is instead a manifestation of the <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Knapp_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knapp-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All living beings (<a href="/wiki/Jiva" title="Jiva">jivas</a>), including animals and trees, have a soul. That soul is distinct from their current physical body – the nature of the soul being eternal, immutable, and indestructible without any particular birth or death.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The soul does not die when the body dies, but it is transmigrated into another new body and takes new birth in a new body.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Souls which are captivated by the illusory nature of the world (<i><a href="/wiki/Maya_(illusion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya (illusion)">Maya</a></i>) are repeatedly <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reborn</a> among 8.4 million species of life on this planet and in other worlds in accordance to the laws of <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karma</a> and individual desire. This is consistent with the concept of <i><a href="/wiki/Samsara" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsara">samsara</a></i> found in <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Release from the process of <i>samsara</i> (known as <i><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">moksha</a></i>) is believed to be achievable through a variety of <a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">spiritual</a> practices, and in general, is the ultimate aim in life.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, within Gaudiya Vaishnavism, it is <i><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">bhakti</a></i> in its purest state (or "pure love of God") which is given as the ultimate aim, rather than liberation from the cycle of rebirth. Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition asserts that in the current <a href="/wiki/Yuga_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuga Cycle">yuga</a>, which is Kali Yuga, singing and chanting the various sacred names of God (Krishna) are sufficient for spiritual liberation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supreme_Person_(God)"><span id="Supreme_Person_.28God.29"></span>Supreme Person (God)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Supreme Person (God)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Svayam_Bhagavan" title="Svayam Bhagavan">Svayam Bhagavan</a></div> <p>One of the defining aspects of Gaudiya Vaishnavism is that Krishna is worshiped specifically as the source of all <a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar"><i>avataric</i></a> incarnations of God.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Theologians refer to verse 1.3.28 of the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i>, "<i>krsnastu bhagavan svayam</i>", literally "Krishna is God Himself" to point to Krishna as the Supreme Being.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jiva Gosvami calls this phrase the "paribhasha-sutra" (definitive rule) of the theology of the Gaudiya Vaishnava school and a <i>mahavakya</i> (governing proposition).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 381">: 381 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inconceivable_oneness_and_difference">Inconceivable oneness and difference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Inconceivable oneness and difference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></div> <p>A particularly distinct part of the Gaudiya Vaishnava philosophy espoused by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is the concept of <i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i>, which translates to "inconceivable oneness and difference" in the context of the soul's relationship with Krishna,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVidyavinoda1951_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVidyavinoda1951-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor1977_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor1977-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosen1992249–260_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosen1992249–260-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caitanya-Caritamrita_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caitanya-Caritamrita-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also Krishna's relationship with his other energies (i.e. the material world).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i>quality</i>, the soul (<i>jiva</i>) is described as being identical to God, but in terms of <i>quantity,</i> individual <i>jivas</i> are said to be <a href="/wiki/Infinitesimal" title="Infinitesimal">infinitesimal</a> in comparison to the <a href="/wiki/Infinity" title="Infinity">unlimited</a> Supreme Being. The exact nature of this relationship (being simultaneously one and different with Krishna) is inconceivable to the human mind but can be experienced through the process of <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a>. </p><p>This philosophy serves as a meeting of two opposing schools of <a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a>, pure <a href="/wiki/Monism#Hinduism" title="Monism">monism</a> (God and the soul as one entity) and pure <a href="/wiki/Dualism_(Indian_philosophy)" title="Dualism (Indian philosophy)">dualism</a> (God and the soul as absolutely separate). This philosophy largely recapitulates the concepts of qualified nondualism practiced by the older Vedantic school <a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a>, but emphasizes the figure of Krishna over Narayana and holy sites in and around Vrindavan and Bengal over sites in Tamil Nadu. In practice, Gaudiya Vaishnava philosophy has much more in common with the dualistic schools especially closely following theological traditions established by <a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a> Vedanta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sat_Sandarbhas">Sat Sandarbhas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sat Sandarbhas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jiva Goswami wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Sat_Sandarbhas" title="Sat Sandarbhas">Sat Sandarbhas</a></i> as an analysis of the <i>Bhagvata Purana</i> to elaborate on the philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a>. The six treatises are:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 376–384">: 376–384 </span></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><i>Tattva</i>:</b> defines the absolute reality, dealing with epistemology and ontology. Establishes the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i> as the supreme <i><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">pramana</a></i></li> <li><b><i>Bhagavat</i>:</b> elaborates on the nature of <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavan" title="Bhagavan">Bhagavan</a></i>, the complete manifestation amongst the three aspects of absolute reality mentioned in <i>Bhagavata Purana</i> 1.2.11. Brahman, Paramatma, and Bhagavan are three aspects of the Absolute Reality as perceived by different types of spiritual aspirants.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><i>Paramatma</i>:</b> describes <a href="/wiki/Paramatman" title="Paramatman">Paramatma</a> as a partial manifestation of <i>Bhagavan</i></li> <li><b><i>Krishna</i>:</b> argues that Krishna is supreme</li> <li><b><i>Bhakti</i>:</b> describes the process of attaining love for Krishna, <i>bhakti</i> or devotion. Outlines two types of <i>bhakti</i>: mixed and pure.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><i>Priti</i>:</b> argues that <i>priti</i> (love) for Bhagavan is the highest goal (<i>prayojana</i>) of life</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Devotional_activities">Devotional activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Devotional activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bhakti_Yoga">Bhakti Yoga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bhakti Yoga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhakti Yoga">Bhakti Yoga</a></div> <p>The practical process of performing devotional acts in ones life is described as <i>bhakti</i> or <i>bhakti-yoga,</i> and is supported by activities of nine different types.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryant20179_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryant20179-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two distinct divisions of <i>sadhana-bhakti</i> are <i>vaidhi-bhakti</i> and <i>raganuga-bhakti</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa Goswami</a> defines <i>vaidhi-bhakti</i> as that <i>bhakti</i> which is taken up not by natural liking but by consideration of scriptural injunctions.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He describes the two categories of the highest <i>bhakti</i> as <i>bhava-bhakti</i> (devotion via feelings of intense emotion) and <i>prema-bhakti</i> (devotion of love). The two are essentially different intensities of the same participation in devotion via emotional expression.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Raganuga-bhakti</i>, on the other hand, follows <i>ragatmika-bhakti,</i><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i>bhakti</i> present in Krishna's eternal associates, which is driven by <i>raga</i>, a natural absorption in the object of service.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a>'s conclusion in <i>Bhakti Sandarbha</i> is that <i>raganuga-bhakti</i> is the only <i>abhidheya</i>, viable process, recommended by the <i>Bhagavatam</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goal of <i>raganuga-bhakti</i> is for the <i>jiva</i> to realize its true essential nature.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within his <i><a href="/wiki/Siksastaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Siksastaka">Siksastaka</a></i> prayers, Chaitanya compares the process of <i>bhakti-yoga</i> to that of cleansing a dirty place of dust, wherein our consciousness is the object in need of purification.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This purification takes place largely through the <a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">chanting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">singing</a> of Radha and Krishna's names. Specifically, the <a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_(mantra)" title="Hare Krishna (mantra)">Hare Krishna (mantra)</a> is chanted and sung by practitioners on a daily basis, sometimes for many hours each day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200435–44_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200435–44-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Famously within the tradition, one of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's close associates, <a href="/wiki/Haridasa_Thakur" title="Haridasa Thakur">Haridasa Thakur</a>, is reported to have chanted 300,000 holy names of God each day.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet_and_lifestyle">Diet and lifestyle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Diet and lifestyle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gaudiya Vaishnavas follow a <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarian</a> diet, abstaining from all types of animal flesh, fish and eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Onion and garlic are also avoided as they are believed to promote a <i><a href="/wiki/Tamas_(philosophy)" title="Tamas (philosophy)">tamasic</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rajas" title="Rajas">rajasic</a></i> form of consciousness in the eater.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Gaudiya Vaishnavas, mainly from ISKCON and Gaudiya Matha, also avoid the intake of caffeine, as they believe it is addictive and an intoxicant.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attitude_toward_scriptures">Attitude toward scriptures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Attitude toward scriptures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chaitanya Vaishnava traditions refer to the writings of previous <a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">acharyas</a> in their respective lineage or <i>sampradya</i> as authoritative interpretations of scripture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGupta2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2022)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGupta2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2022)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While many schools like <a href="/wiki/Smartism" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartism">Smartism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Advaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Advaita">Advaitism</a> encourage interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Hindu_scripture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu scripture">scriptures</a> philosophically and metaphorically and not too literally,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chaitanya Vaishnavism stresses the literal meaning (<i><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">mukhya vṛitti</i></span></i>) as primary and indirect meaning (<i><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">gauṇa vṛitti</i></span></i>) as secondary: <i><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">sākṣhād upadesas tu shrutih</i></span></i> - "The instructions of the <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">shruti-shāstra</i></span> should be accepted literally, without <i>fanciful or allegorical interpretations</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGupta2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2022)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGupta2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2022)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sampradaya_and_parampara">Sampradaya and parampara</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sampradaya and parampara"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>Guru—shishya tradition</i> ("lineage" or parampara) denotes a succession of teachers and disciples within some <a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">sampradaya</a> (school, tradition). In accordance with the tradition, Gaudiya Vaishnavism as a subschool belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma Sampradaya</a>, one of the four "orthodox" Vaishnavite schools. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is said to be a disciple of <a href="/wiki/Isvara_Puri" title="Isvara Puri">Isvara Puri</a> (fl. 14th century) who was a disciple of <a href="/wiki/Madhavendra_Puri" title="Madhavendra Puri">Madhavendra Puri</a> (fl. 14th century) who was a disciple of <a href="/wiki/Lakshmipati_Tirtha" title="Lakshmipati Tirtha">Lakshmipati Tirtha</a> (1420–1487) who was a disciple of <a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a> (1469–1539) of the <a href="/wiki/Madhva_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhva Sampradaya">Madhva Sampradaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gaudiya Vaishnavas call their tradition "Brahma-Madhva-Gaudiya Sampradaya", which originates from <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a> and has <a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a> as the original acharya and <a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a> as the acharya-successor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor197746_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor197746-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, this traditional point is at least debatable. Some modern scholars and confessional authors critically assess and pair the Gaudiya Vaishnavism's affiliation with the <a href="/wiki/Madhva_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhva tradition">Madhva tradition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe194210–20_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe194210–20-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVidyavinoda1951207–213,_240–241_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVidyavinoda1951207–213,_240–241-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck200574–75_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck200574–75-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the famous American Indologist and historian of religion Guy L. Beck, with regard to the Chaitanya Sampradaya, notes the following historical events. The first time the Brahma-Madhva affiliation of Gaudiya Vaishnavism was propounded by <a href="/wiki/Baladeva_Vidyabhushana" title="Baladeva Vidyabhushana">Baladeva Vidyabhushana</a> was in the 18th century. And to this day, there is no mention of Chaitanya in the annals of the Madhva Sampradaya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck200574–75_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck200574–75-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For secular scientists this means, originality and non-affiliation of Gaudiya Vaishnavism with other previous branches. At the same time, there is the consensus of scholars, that Chaitanya was initiated by the two gurus of a Vaishnava-oriented group within <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dashanami_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Dashanami Sampradaya">Dashanami order</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200477_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200477-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Prameya Ratnawali</i> of the above-mentioned gaudiya-acharya Baladeva Vidyabhushana contains the following canonical list of disciplic succession: <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narada" title="Narada">Narada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhva</a>, Padmanabha, Nrihari, Madhava, Akshobhya, Jayatirtha, Gyanasindhu, Dayanidhi, Vidyanidhi, Rajendra, Jayadharma, Purushottama, Brahmanya, <a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakshmipati_Tirtha" title="Lakshmipati Tirtha">Lakshmipati Tirtha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhavendra_Puri" title="Madhavendra Puri">Madhavendra Puri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isvara_Puri" title="Isvara Puri">Isvara Puri</a>, and Chaitanya.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One feature of the Gaudiya succession of spiritual masters should be considered. Chaitanya refused to formally initiate anyone as a disciple, only inspiring and guiding his followers. Chaitanya neither founded the community nor named a successor. That is why, from the very beginning, the sampradaya was divided into several lines of succession that were practically not connected with each other and that still exist today.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2010_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2010-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of them, namely, the <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Math" title="Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya-Sarasvata Sampradaya</a>, belongs to the well known <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">International Society for Krishna Consciousness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahaprabhu_103.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Mahaprabhu_103.jpg/250px-Mahaprabhu_103.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Mahaprabhu_103.jpg/330px-Mahaprabhu_103.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Mahaprabhu_103.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A <i><a href="/wiki/Vigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigraha">Vigraha</a></i> of Caitanya mahaprabhu in <a href="/wiki/ISKCON" class="mw-redirect" title="ISKCON">ISKCON</a> temple, <a href="/wiki/Mayapur" title="Mayapur">Mayapur</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Chaitanya Mahaprabhu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a> (also transliterated <b>Caitanya</b>, <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a> <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Caitanya Mahāprabhu</i></span></i>; 1486–1534<sup id="cite_ref-gaudiyahistory.com_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaudiyahistory.com-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was a <a href="/wiki/Bengali_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali people">Bengali</a> spiritual teacher who founded Gaudiya Vaishnavism. He is believed by his devotees to be <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> himself who appeared in the form of His own devotee in order to teach the people of this world the process of Bhakti and how to attain the perfection of life. This they say with several evidences in scripture. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is said to be a disciple of Isvara Puri who was a disciple of Madhavendra Puri who was a disciple of Lakshmipati Tirtha who was a disciple of <a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a>(1469–1539) of Madhvacharya's Sampradaya.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is considered as the most merciful manifestation of Krishna. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu was the proponent for the <a href="/wiki/Vaishnava" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava">Vaishnava</a> school of <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a> (meaning loving devotion to God), based on <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of various incarnations of Vishnu, he is revered as Krishna, popularised the chanting of the <i><a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_(mantra)" title="Hare Krishna (mantra)">Hare Krishna</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantra</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and composed the <i><a href="/wiki/Siksastaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Siksastaka">Siksastakam</a></i> (eight devotional prayers) in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>. His followers, <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnava" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaudiya Vaishnava">Gaudiya Vaishnavas</a>, revere him as a Krishna with the mood and complexion of his source of inspiration <a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_growth">Early growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Early growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaitanya_dances_with_followers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chaitanya_dances_with_followers.jpg/220px-Chaitanya_dances_with_followers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chaitanya_dances_with_followers.jpg/330px-Chaitanya_dances_with_followers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chaitanya_dances_with_followers.jpg/440px-Chaitanya_dances_with_followers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1332" /></a><figcaption>Caitanya dances with followers in a puddle of his own tears. Followers include Śivananda, Śrī[?] Rūpa Gusāṁī, Murāri Guptajī, [Illegible], Haridāsa Ṭhākura, Mukuṁda, Nityānanda Prabhu and [Illegible] Paṁḍita. Kisangarh painting, c. 1750.</figcaption></figure> <p>Over the three centuries following the disappearance of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a>, the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition evolved into the form in which we largely find it today in contemporary India. In the early years of the tradition, the followers of <a href="/wiki/Nityananda" title="Nityananda">Nityananda</a> Prabhu, <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Acharya" title="Advaita Acharya">Advaita Acharya</a> and other companions of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu educated and initiated people, each in their own locales across <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>. </p><p>Chaitanya Mahaprabhu requested a select few among his followers, who later came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Six_Gosvamis_of_Vrindavan" class="mw-redirect" title="Six Gosvamis of Vrindavan">Six Gosvamis of Vrindavan</a>, to systematically present his <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> of bhakti in their writings. This theology emphasized the devotee's relationship to the Divine Couple, Radha and Krishna, and looked to Chaitanya as the embodiment of both Radha and Krishna. The six were <a href="/wiki/Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa Goswami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanatana_Goswami" title="Sanatana Goswami">Sanatana Goswami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gopala_Bhatta_Goswami" title="Gopala Bhatta Goswami">Gopala Bhatta Goswami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Bhatta_Goswami" title="Raghunatha Bhatta Goswami">Raghunatha Bhatta Goswami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_dasa_Goswami" title="Raghunatha dasa Goswami">Raghunatha dasa Goswami</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a>. In the second generation of the tradition, Narottama, Srinivasa and Shyamananda, three students of <a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a>, the youngest among the six Goswamis, were instrumental in spreading the theology across <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orissa,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa, India">Orissa</a>. </p><p>The festival of Kheturi (approx 1574),<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> presided over by <a href="/wiki/Jahnava_Devi" title="Jahnava Devi">Jahnava Thakurani</a>, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Nityananda" title="Nityananda">Nityananda Rama</a>, was the first time the leaders of the various branches of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's followers assembled together. Through such festivals, members of the loosely organized tradition became acquainted with other branches along with their respective theological and practical nuances. That notwithstanding, the tradition has maintained its plural nature, having no central authority to preside over its matters. The festival of Kheturi allowed for the systemization of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology as a distinct branch of <a href="/wiki/Vaishnava_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava theology">Vaishnava theology</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17th–18th_century"><span id="17th.E2.80.9318th_century"></span>17th–18th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 17th–18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panca-tattva_Altar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Panca-tattva_Altar.jpg/220px-Panca-tattva_Altar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Panca-tattva_Altar.jpg/330px-Panca-tattva_Altar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Panca-tattva_Altar.jpg/440px-Panca-tattva_Altar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Tattva_(Vaishnavism)" title="Pancha Tattva (Vaishnavism)">Pancha-Tattva</a> deities: <a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nityananda" title="Nityananda">Nityananda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Acharya" title="Advaita Acharya">Advaita Acharya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gadadhara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadadhara">Gadadhara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Srivasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Srivasa">Srivasa</a>, installed in a Gaudiya Vaishnava temple</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 17th–18th centuries, there was a period of general decline in the movement's strength and popularity, its "lethargic state", characterized by decreased public preaching and the rise of persons following and promoting <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">tantric</a> teachings and practices.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy192577–78_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy192577–78-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These groups are called <i>apasampradayas</i> by the Chaitanyaits.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 17th century, <a href="/wiki/Vishvanath_Chakravarti" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishvanath Chakravarti">Vishvanath Chakravarti Thakur</a> held great merit in clarifying core doctrinal issues over the practice of <i>raganuga-bhakti</i> through works such as <i>Raga-vartma-chandrika</i>. His student <a href="/wiki/Baladeva_Vidyabhushan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baladeva Vidyabhushan">Baladeva Vidyabhushan</a> wrote a famous commentary on the <a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Vedanta-sutra</a> called <a href="/wiki/Govinda_Bhashya" title="Govinda Bhashya">Govinda Bhashya</a>. </p><p>The 18th century saw a number of luminaries headed by Siddha Jayakrishna Das Babaji of Kamyavan and Siddha Krishnadas Babaji of <a href="/wiki/Govardhan_hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Govardhan hill">Govardhan</a>. The latter, a widely renowned teacher of the mode of internal worship (<i>raga-bhajan</i>) practiced in the tradition, is largely responsible for the current form of devotional practice embraced by some of the traditions based in <a href="/wiki/Vrindavan" title="Vrindavan">Vrindavan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manipuri_Vaishnavism">Manipuri Vaishnavism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Manipuri Vaishnavism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_Vaishnavism" title="Manipuri Vaishnavism">Manipuri Vaishnavism</a></div> <p>The "Manipuri Vaishnavism" is a regional form of Gaudiya Vaishnavism with a culture-forming role among the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meitei people</a> in the north-eastern Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2004125–132_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2004125–132-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, after a short period of <a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramaism</a> penetration, Gaudiya Vaishnavism spread in the early 18th century, especially from beginning its second quarter. Raja <a href="/wiki/Gharib_Nawaz_(Manipur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gharib Nawaz (Manipur)">Gharib Nawaz (Pamheiba)</a> was initiated into the Chaitanya tradition. Most devotee ruler and propagandist of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Narottama_Dasa" title="Narottama Dasa">Natottama Thakura</a>'s disciples, was raja <a href="/wiki/Ching-Thang_Khomba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ching-Thang Khomba">Bhagyachandra</a>, who has visited the holy for the Chaytanyaits <a href="/wiki/Nabadwip" title="Nabadwip">Nabadwip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2004128_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2004128-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Rasa Lila</i> dance became a feature of the regional folk and religious tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2004128_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2004128-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yogapith,_Mayapur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white ornate structure with a pyramidal pointed dome standing on the bank of a pond and surrounded by trees" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Yogapith%2C_Mayapur.jpg/250px-Yogapith%2C_Mayapur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Yogapith%2C_Mayapur.jpg/330px-Yogapith%2C_Mayapur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Yogapith%2C_Mayapur.jpg/500px-Yogapith%2C_Mayapur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2334" data-file-height="3395" /></a><figcaption>Yogapith temple at Chaitanya's birthsite in <a href="/wiki/Mayapur" title="Mayapur">Mayapur</a> established in 1880s by <a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a>, presently caretaken by the Sri Chaitanya Math.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaudiya_Math_-_Baghbazar_-_Kolkata_2017-04-29_1820.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gaudiya_Math_-_Baghbazar_-_Kolkata_2017-04-29_1820.JPG/250px-Gaudiya_Math_-_Baghbazar_-_Kolkata_2017-04-29_1820.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gaudiya_Math_-_Baghbazar_-_Kolkata_2017-04-29_1820.JPG/330px-Gaudiya_Math_-_Baghbazar_-_Kolkata_2017-04-29_1820.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gaudiya_Math_-_Baghbazar_-_Kolkata_2017-04-29_1820.JPG/500px-Gaudiya_Math_-_Baghbazar_-_Kolkata_2017-04-29_1820.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><i>Sri Gaudiya Math</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, estd. 1930) is the formal headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Math" title="Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Math</a>, now headquarter of <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Mission" title="Gaudiya Mission">Gaudiya Mission</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Math" title="Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Math</a></div> <p>From the very beginning of Chaitanya's <i>bhakti</i> movement in Bengal, <a href="/wiki/Haridasa_Thakur" title="Haridasa Thakur">Haridasa Thakur</a> and others <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> by birth were the participants. This openness received a boost from <a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a>'s broad-minded vision in the late 19th century, Baba Premananda Bharati's mission in the United States in the beginning of 20th century and was institutionalized by <a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati_Thakur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakur">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakur</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Math" title="Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Math</a> in the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004139_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004139-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A renaissance began at the start of the 20th century both in India and the West. One pioneer of the Gaudiya Vaishnavite mission in the West was Baba Premananda Bharati (1858–1914),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarney2020135–136_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarney2020135–136-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> author of <i>Sree Krishna – the Lord of Love</i> (1904) – the first full-length treatment of Gaudiya Vaishnavism in English,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarney2020140_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarney2020140-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who, in 1902, founded the short-lived "Krishna Samaj" society in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and built a temple in Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarney2020152_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarney2020152-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan200779–80Baba_Premanand_Bharati_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan200779–80Baba_Premanand_Bharati-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He belonged to the circle of adherents of the guru <a href="/wiki/Prabhu_Jagadbandhu" title="Prabhu Jagadbandhu">Prabhu Jagadbandhu</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarney2020140–143_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarney2020140–143-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with teachings similar to the later <a href="/wiki/ISKCON" class="mw-redirect" title="ISKCON">ISKCON</a> mission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan200779–80Baba_Premanand_Bharati_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan200779–80Baba_Premanand_Bharati-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His followers formed several organizations including the now defunct Order of Living Service and the AUM Temple of Universal Truth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan200779–80Baba_Premanand_Bharati_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan200779–80Baba_Premanand_Bharati-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reform change of traditional <a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">caste</a> Gaudiya Vaishnavism of 19th century is believed to have happened largely in India due to the efforts of a particularly adept preacher known as <a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a>, who also held the position of a deputy magistrate with the British government. Bhaktivinoda Thakur's son grew up to be both an eminent scholar and a highly influential Vaishnava preacher, and was later known as <a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</a>. In 1920, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati founded <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Math" title="Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Math</a> in India, and later sixty-four Gaudiya Matha monasteries in India, Burma and Europe. In 1933, the first European preaching center was established in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> (London Glouster House, Cornwall Garden, W7 South Kensington) under the name "Gaudiya Mission Society of London".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004130_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004130-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007165Gaudiya_Math_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007165Gaudiya_Math-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon after Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati's death (1 January 1937), a dispute began, which divided the original Gaudiya Math mission into two administrative bodies still in existence today. In a settlement, they divided the sixty-four Gaudiya Math centers into two groups: the Sri Chaitanya Math headed by Bhakti Vilasa Tirtha Maharaj and the <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Mission" title="Gaudiya Mission">Gaudiya Mission</a> headed by Ananta Vasudev (Bhakti Prasad Puri Maharaj).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jalakara_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jalakara-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati's disciples disagreed with the spirit of these two factions and/or started their own missions to expand their guru's mission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200490_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200490-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960s, the one of his disciples, <a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada</a> went to the West to spread Gaudiya-Vaishnavism and establish the <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">International Society for Krishna Consciousness</a> (ISKCON), "the most successful of the Gaudiya Math's offspring," an organization that continues today.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200491_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200491-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, despite the active missionary work of the reformed Gaudiya Math and its followers, most of the Gaudiya Vaishnava community in India remained under the influence of hereditary <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">brahmins</a>-<i>goswamis</i>, who run famous old Gaudiya mandirs, as one example, the <a href="/wiki/Radha_Raman_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Radha Raman Temple">Radha Raman Temple</a> in Vrindavan and its prominent scholar-acharya <a href="/wiki/Shrivatsa_Goswami" title="Shrivatsa Goswami">Shrivatsa Goswami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECase2000_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECase2000-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gaudiya_and_other_Vaishnava_schools">Gaudiya and other Vaishnava schools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Gaudiya and other Vaishnava schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although sharing a common set of core beliefs, there are a number of philosophical differences which distinguish Gaudiya Vaishnavism from other Vaishnava schools: </p> <ul><li>In Gaudiya Vaishnavism, <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> is seen as the original form of God, i.e. the source of Vishnu and not as His avatar. This is based primarily on verse 1.3.28 of the <a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a> (<i>krsnas tu bhagavan svayam</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Bhagavata_Purana_1.3.28_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhagavata_Purana_1.3.28-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other scriptures. This belief is shared by the <a href="/wiki/Nimbarka" title="Nimbarka">Nimbarka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a> <a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">sampradayas</a>, but not by the <a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madhva" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhva">Madhva</a> schools, who view Krishna as an avatar of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>.</li> <li>As Krishna's <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">consort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a> is similarly viewed as the source of all other <a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shaktis</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a> is worshiped as the most recent i.e. ninth <a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">avatar</a> of Krishna to descend in the current <a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">yuga</a>, or age. Other <i>sampradayas</i> view Chaitanya as a devotee of Krishna only, and not Krishna himself or a form of avatar.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> According to his biographies, Chaitanya did not display himself as Krishna in public,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (November 2008)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Gaudiya_Vaishnavism#Dubious" title="Talk:Gaudiya Vaishnavism">discuss</a></i>]</sup> and would, in fact, avoid being addressed as such. In this regard A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami states, "[When] addressed as Lord Krishna, He denied it. Indeed, He sometimes placed His hands over His ears, protesting that one should not be addressed as the Supreme Lord".<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However at times Chaitanya would exhibit a different mood and would welcome worship of himself as the Supreme Lord, and at a few occasions, is said to have exhibited his Universal form. <a href="/wiki/Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa Goswami</a>, when first meeting with Chaitanya, composed the following verse showing his belief in Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's divinity:</li></ul> <blockquote> <p>"O most munificent incarnation! You are Krishna Himself appearing as Sri Krishna Caitanya Mahaprabhu. You have assumed the golden colour of Srimati Radharani, and You are widely distributing pure love of Krishna. We offer our respectful obeisances unto You."<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Although this viewpoint outside of the Gaudiya tradition was disputed, Chaitanya's followers prove it by pointing at verses throughout the Puranic literatures as evidence to support this claim.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidences such as the Krishna-varnam verse SB 11.5.32 have many interpretations by scholars, including Sridhara Svami who is accepted as authority by Mahaprabhu himself.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theological_sources">Theological sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Theological sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gaudiya Vaishnava theology is prominently expounded by <a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Sat-sandarbhas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sat-sandarbhas">Sat-sandarbhas</a></i>, which are six elaborate treatises on various aspects of God. Other prominent Gaudiya Vaishnava theologians include his uncles, <a href="/wiki/Rupa_Gosvami" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupa Gosvami">Rupa Gosvami</a>, the author of <i>Sri Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu,</i><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sanatana_Gosvami" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanatana Gosvami">Sanatana Gosvami</a>, the author of <i>Hari-bhakti-vilasa</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Visvanatha_Chakravarti" title="Visvanatha Chakravarti">Visvanatha Chakravarti</a>, the author of <i>Sri Camatkara-candrika</i><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Baladeva_Vidyabhushana" title="Baladeva Vidyabhushana">Baladeva Vidyabhushana</a>, author of <i><a href="/wiki/Govinda_Bhashya" title="Govinda Bhashya">Govinda Bhashya</a></i>. </p><p>Jiva Gosvami frequently references Sridhara Swami, particularly quoting from Sridhara Swami's commentary on the Bhagavata Purana (Bhavartha-dipika), throughout the Sat-sandarbhas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGupta200765_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGupta200765-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i>Catuhsutri</i> section of the <i>Paramatma-sandarbha</i>, Jiva Gosvami references Ramanuja's commentary on <i>Brahma Sutras</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGupta200784_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGupta200784-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_Gaudiya_Vaishnava_societies">Modern Gaudiya Vaishnava societies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Modern Gaudiya Vaishnava societies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The strictly centralized form of church-type organization and the idea that one has to be an unconventional (<i>uttama</i>) spiritual master introduced by the reformer <a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Math" title="Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Math</a> were not characteristic of the traditional Gaudiya Vaishnavism with its hereditary brahmins-goswamis and family teachers (<i>kula gurus</i>). Much of the Gaudiya Vaishnava community in India remained committed to the unreformed and loosely organized tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200478–79,_88chapter_2.6_Jan_Brzezinski._"Charismatic_Renewal_and_Institutionalization_in_the_History_of_Gaudiya_Vashnavism_and_the_Gaudiya_Math"_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200478–79,_88chapter_2.6_Jan_Brzezinski._"Charismatic_Renewal_and_Institutionalization_in_the_History_of_Gaudiya_Vashnavism_and_the_Gaudiya_Math"-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many modern organisations are independent branches of the tree of the Gaudiya Math.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200490_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200490-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Gaudiya Math and offshoots</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Mission" title="Gaudiya Mission">Gaudiya Mission</a> established by Ananta Vasudev Prabhu alias Srila Bhakti Prasad Puri (1940)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Devananda_Gaudiya_Math" title="Sri Devananda Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Vedanta Samiti</a> established by <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Prajnan_Keshava" title="Bhakti Prajnan Keshava">Bhakti Prajnan Keshava</a> (1940)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131_71-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Rakshak_Sridhar#Sri_Chaitanya_Saraswat_Math" title="Bhakti Rakshak Sridhar">Sri Chaitanya Saraswat Math</a> established by <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Rakshak_Sridhar" title="Bhakti Rakshak Sridhar">Bhakti Rakshak Sridhar</a> (1941)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131_71-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007166_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007166-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Guru_Prapanna_Ashram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sri Guru Prapanna Ashram (page does not exist)">Sri Guru Prapanna Ashram</a> established by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patitpavan_Gosvami_Thakura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patitpavan Gosvami Thakura (page does not exist)">Patitpavan Gosvami Thakura</a>(1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">International Society for Krishna Consciousness</a> established by <a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada</a> (1966)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004Front_matter_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004Front_matter-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_Identity_Foundation" title="Science of Identity Foundation">Science of Identity Foundation</a> established by Siddhaswarupananda Paramahamsa (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Hridaya_Bon#Sri_Sri_Radha_Govindaji_Trust" title="Bhakti Hridaya Bon">Sri Sri Radha Govindaji Trust</a> established by <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Hridaya_Bon" title="Bhakti Hridaya Bon">Bhakti Hridaya Bon</a> (1979)<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sri Caitanya Sangha, a.k.a. Gaudiya Vaishnavite Society, established by Tripurari Swami (1985)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007165–166Gaudiya_Vaishnavite_Society_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007165–166Gaudiya_Vaishnavite_Society-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Vaishnava Foundation, established by <a href="/wiki/Kailasa_Candra_dasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kailasa Candra dasa">Kailasa Candra dasa</a> & Eric Johanson (1986)<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISKCON_Revival_Movement" title="ISKCON Revival Movement">ISKCON Revival Movement</a> (2000)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007199–200International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness_Revival_Movement_(IRM)_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007199–200International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness_Revival_Movement_(IRM)-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhakta_Bandhav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhakta Bandhav (page does not exist)">Bhakta Bandhav</a> (2010) Disciples of Srila Bhaktivedanta Narayan Goswami Maharaj</li></ul> <dl><dt>Traditional Gaudiya societies</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Caitanya_Prema_Samsthana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Caitanya Prema Samsthana">Sri Caitanya Prema Samsthana</a>, established by <a href="/wiki/Shrivatsa_Goswami" title="Shrivatsa Goswami">Shrivatsa Goswami</a> (1972)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelberg1983196_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelberg1983196-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosen1992[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid4IrQkw5x2o4CpgPA249_249]_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosen1992[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid4IrQkw5x2o4CpgPA249_249]-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Many of branches of the Gaudiya Math (not all) are members of the <a href="/wiki/World_Vaisnava_Association" title="World Vaisnava Association">World Vaisnava Association</a> – Visva Vaisnava Raj Sabha (WVA–VVRS), which had been established in 1994 by some Gaudiya leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200490_92-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200490-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007504–505_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007504–505-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But after this establishment, there is little real cooperation among Gaudiya organisations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200490_92-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200490-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demography">Demography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are adherents of Gaudiya Vaishnavism in all strata of Indian society, but a tendency has been revealed, Bengali Vaishnavas belong to the lower middle castes ("middle class"), while the upper castes as well as lowest castes and tribes in Bengal are <a href="/wiki/Shakta" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakta">Shaktas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDermott2005826_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDermott2005826-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offshoots_of_Gaudiya_Vaishnavism">Offshoots of Gaudiya Vaishnavism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Offshoots of Gaudiya Vaishnavism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are Krishnaite gurus and groups who belong to the Chaitanya lineage, but actually separated from Gaudiya Vaishnavism, becoming new independent movements. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahanam_Sampradaya" title="Mahanam Sampradaya">Mahanam Sampradaya</a>, inspired by <a href="/wiki/Prabhu_Jagadbandhu" title="Prabhu Jagadbandhu">Prabhu Jagadbandhu</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarney2020140–141_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarney2020140–141-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_names_of_Krishna#108_names_and_titles_from_the_Gaudiya_Vaishnavism_tradition" title="List of titles and names of Krishna">108 names of Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagavata">Bhagavata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataphatic_theology" title="Cataphatic theology">Cataphatic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Math" title="Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_21st-century_religious_leaders#Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" title="List of 21st-century religious leaders">List of 21st-century religious leaders#Gaudiya Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_Vaishnavism" title="Manipuri Vaishnavism">Manipuri Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turiya" title="Turiya">Turiya</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other names include <b>Bengali Vaishnavism</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe19421–2,_9–12_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe19421–2,_9–12-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200480_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200480-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDermott2005826_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDermott2005826-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarney2020_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarney2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <b>Bengali</b>, <b>Chaitanya</b> or <b>Gaudiya Sampradaya</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe194210_note_1,_17_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe194210_note_1,_17-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosen1992127_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosen1992127-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Chaitanyaism</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe19421,_7–8,_and_Preface_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe19421,_7–8,_and_Preface-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>Gaura Dharma</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caitanya-Caritamrita-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Caitanya-Caritamrita_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"It is the living entity's constitutional position to be an eternal servant of Krishna because he is the marginal energy of Krishna and a manifestation simultaneously one with and different from the Lord, like a molecular particle of sunshine or fire."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe19427-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe19427_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe1942">De 1942</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinha2001-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinha2001_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinha2001">Sinha 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe1942Preface-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe1942Preface_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe1942">De 1942</a>, Preface.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDermott2005826-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDermott2005826_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDermott2005826_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDermott2005826_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDermott2005">McDermott 2005</a>, p. 826.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term Bengali Vaishnavism is not co-extensive with Chaitanya's movement – there are also the other Vaishnava traditions in <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Vaishnava-Sahajiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramanandi Sampradaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahanam_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanam Sampraday">Mahanam Sampraday</a>, and others – but Gaudiya Vaishnavism is described as "the most characteristic form of Vaishnavism in Bengal" and is called Bengali Vaishnavism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe1942Preface_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe1942Preface-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDermott2005826_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDermott2005826-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe19421–2,_9–12-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe19421–2,_9–12_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe1942">De 1942</a>, pp. 1–2, 9–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200480-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200480_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryantEkstrand2004">Bryant & Ekstrand 2004</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarney2020-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarney2020_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarney2020">Carney 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe194210_note_1,_17-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe194210_note_1,_17_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe1942">De 1942</a>, pp. 10 note 1, 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosen1992127-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosen1992127_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosen1992">Rosen 1992</a>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe19421,_7–8,_and_Preface-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe19421,_7–8,_and_Preface_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe1942">De 1942</a>, pp. 1, 7–8, and Preface.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2004131_note_4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2004131_note_4_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh2004">Singh 2004</a>, p. 131 note 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Gaura or <a href="/wiki/Gauranga" title="Gauranga">Gauranga</a> is an epithet of Chaitanya and hence Chaitanyaite Vaishnavism is also known as Gaura Dharma, 'religion of Gaura'."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2004131_note_4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2004131_note_4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESen1922Kennedy1925De1942-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESen1922Kennedy1925De1942_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSen1922">Sen 1922</a>; <a href="#CITEREFKennedy1925">Kennedy 1925</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDe1942">De 1942</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHardy1987387–392-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHardy1987387–392_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHardy1987">Hardy 1987</a>, pp. 387–392.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryant2017650-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryant2017650_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryant2017">Bryant 2017</a>, p. 650.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoldrege2017-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoldrege2017_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoldrege2017">Holdrege 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESardella2013138-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESardella2013138_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESardella2013138_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSardella2013">Sardella 2013</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERay196464–67-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay196464–67_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRay1964">Ray 1964</a>, pp. 64–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor1977Front_matter-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor1977Front_matter_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKapoor1977">Kapoor 1977</a>, Front matter.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelberg1983Front_matter-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelberg1983Front_matter_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGelberg1983">Gelberg 1983</a>, Front matter.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESardella2013256-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESardella2013256_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSardella2013">Sardella 2013</a>, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knapp-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Knapp_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stephen-knapp.com/consciousness_the_symptom_of_the_soul.htm">Consciousness the Symptom of the Soul</a> by Stephen Knapp</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vedabase.io/en/library/bg/2/20/">"Bhagavad Gita 2.20"</a>. Vedabase.io<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bhagavad+Gita+2.20&rft.pub=Vedabase.io&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvedabase.io%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Fbg%2F2%2F20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson2009" class="citation journal cs1">Hutchinson, Janis-Faye (2009). "Karma, reincarnation, and medicine: Hindu perspectives on biomedical research". <i>Dordrecht: Springer Nature B.V</i>: 110.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dordrecht%3A+Springer+Nature+B.V&rft.atitle=Karma%2C+reincarnation%2C+and+medicine%3A+Hindu+perspectives+on+biomedical+research&rft.pages=110&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=Janis-Faye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLochtefeld2002" class="citation book cs1">Lochtefeld, James (2002). <i>Hindusm Encyclopedia</i> (2nd ed.). New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 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New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. New York. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8239-3180-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8239-3180-3"><bdi>0-8239-3180-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group%2C+Inc.+New+York&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8239-3180-3&rft.aulast=Lochtefeld&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryant2007" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Edwin (2007). 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-972431-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-972431-4"><bdi>978-0-19-972431-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/181731713">181731713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=16%3A+The+Six+Sandarbhas+of+Jiva+Gosvami&rft.btitle=Krishna+%3A+a+sourcebook&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F181731713&rft.isbn=978-0-19-972431-4&rft.aulast=Dasa&rft.aufirst=Satyanarayana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F181731713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVidyavinoda1951-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVidyavinoda1951_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVidyavinoda1951">Vidyavinoda 1951</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor1977-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor1977_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKapoor1977">Kapoor 1977</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosen1992249–260-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosen1992249–260_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosen1992">Rosen 1992</a>, pp. 249–260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vedabase.net/cc/madhya/20/108-109/en1">Caitanya-Caritamrita Ml 20.108–109</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511153501/http://vedabase.net/cc/madhya/20/108-109/en1">Archived</a> 11 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130719230711/http://vedabase.net/bg/7/8/en1">"B-Gita 7.8"</a>. Vedabase.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vedabase.net/bg/7/8/en1">the original</a> on 19 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B-Gita+7.8&rft.pub=Vedabase.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvedabase.net%2Fbg%2F7%2F8%2Fen1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryant2007" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Edwin F., ed. (2007). "The Six Sandarbhas of Jiva Goswami". <i>Krishna: a sourcebook</i>. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. p. 377. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-972431-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-972431-4"><bdi>978-0-19-972431-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Six+Sandarbhas+of+Jiva+Goswami&rft.btitle=Krishna%3A+a+sourcebook&rft.place=Oxford+New+York&rft.pages=377&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-972431-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryant2007" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Edwin F., ed. (2007). "The Six Sandarbhas of Jiva Goswami". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm70063035"><i>Krishna: a sourcebook</i></a>. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 383. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514891-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514891-6"><bdi>978-0-19-514891-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70063035">70063035</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Six+Sandarbhas+of+Jiva+Goswami&rft.btitle=Krishna%3A+a+sourcebook&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York&rft.pages=383&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2Focm70063035&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514891-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Focm70063035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLotchefeld2002" class="citation book cs1">Lotchefeld, James (2002). <i>Hinduism Encyclopedia</i>. 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The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bhakti+Ras%C4%81m%E1%B9%9Bta+Sindhu&rft.pub=The+Bhaktivedanta+Book+Trust&rft.aulast=vaidh%C4%AB+r%C4%81g%C4%81nug%C4%81+ceti+s%C4%81+dvidh%C4%81+s%C4%81dhan%C4%81bhidh%C4%81+1.2.5%2C+Gosv%C4%81m%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=%C5%9Ar%C4%ABla+R%C5%ABpa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryant2007" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Edwin (2007). <i>Krishna</i>. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. p. 383. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514891-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514891-6"><bdi>978-0-19-514891-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Krishna&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=383&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514891-6&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFtatra_vaidhī_—_yatra_rāgānavāptatvāt_pravṛttir_upajāyate_।_śāsanenaiva_śāstrasya_sā_vaidhī_bhaktir_ucyate_॥1.2.6_॥_Gosvāmī" class="citation book cs1">tatra vaidhī — yatra rāgānavāptatvāt pravṛttir upajāyate । śāsanenaiva śāstrasya sā vaidhī bhaktir ucyate ॥1.2.6 ॥ Gosvāmī, Śrīla Rūpa. <i>Bhakti Rasāmṛta Sindhu</i>. The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bhakti+Ras%C4%81m%E1%B9%9Bta+Sindhu&rft.pub=The+Bhaktivedanta+Book+Trust&rft.aulast=tatra+vaidh%C4%AB+%E2%80%94+yatra+r%C4%81g%C4%81nav%C4%81ptatv%C4%81t+prav%E1%B9%9Bttir+upaj%C4%81yate+%E0%A5%A4+%C5%9B%C4%81sanenaiva+%C5%9B%C4%81strasya+s%C4%81+vaidh%C4%AB+bhaktir+ucyate+%E0%A5%A51.2.6+%E0%A5%A5+Gosv%C4%81m%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=%C5%9Ar%C4%ABla+R%C5%ABpa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryant2007" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Edwin (2007). <i>Krishna</i>. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. pp. 383, 407. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514891-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514891-6"><bdi>978-0-19-514891-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Krishna&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=383%2C+407&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+Inc&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514891-6&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerbert2022" class="citation journal cs1">Herbert, Alan (June 2022). "Ritual and Rasa: a Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava Recasting of the Role of Ritual Imagination". <i>Journal of Dharma Studies</i>. <b>5</b> (<span class="nowrap">2–</span>3): 123. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs42240-022-00125-6">10.1007/s42240-022-00125-6</a> – via Springer International Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dharma+Studies&rft.atitle=Ritual+and+Rasa%3A+a+Gau%E1%B8%8D%C4%ABya+Vai%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87ava+Recasting+of+the+Role+of+Ritual+Imagination&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pages=123&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs42240-022-00125-6&rft.aulast=Herbert&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFtan-mayī_yā_bhaved_bhaktiḥ_sātra_rāgātmikoditā,_1.2.272,_Gosvāmī" class="citation book cs1">tan-mayī yā bhaved bhaktiḥ sātra rāgātmikoditā, 1.2.272, Gosvāmī, Śrīla Rūpa. <i>Bhakti Rasāmṛta Sindhu</i>. The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bhakti+Ras%C4%81m%E1%B9%9Bta+Sindhu&rft.pub=The+Bhaktivedanta+Book+Trust&rft.aulast=tan-may%C4%AB+y%C4%81+bhaved+bhakti%E1%B8%A5+s%C4%81tra+r%C4%81g%C4%81tmikodit%C4%81%2C+1.2.272%2C+Gosv%C4%81m%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=%C5%9Ar%C4%ABla+R%C5%ABpa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryant2007" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Edwin (2007). <i>Krishna</i>. 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(July 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMenon" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Menon, Sangeetha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iep.utm.edu/adv-veda/">"Advaita Vedanta"</a>. <i>Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Advaita+Vedanta&rft.btitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=Sangeetha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iep.utm.edu%2Fadv-veda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a>, <i><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Kṛiṣhna</i></span> Sandarbha</i> 29.26-27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gaudiya.com/pdf/Is_the_Gaudiya_Vaishnava_sampradaya_connected_to_the_Madhva_line.pdf">Connection between Gaudiya and Madhva Sampradayas</a> (PDF)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor197746-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor197746_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKapoor1977">Kapoor 1977</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe194210–20-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe194210–20_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe1942">De 1942</a>, pp. 10–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVidyavinoda1951207–213,_240–241-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVidyavinoda1951207–213,_240–241_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVidyavinoda1951">Vidyavinoda 1951</a>, pp. 207–213, 240–241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck200574–75-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck200574–75_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck200574–75_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck2005">Beck 2005</a>, pp. 74–75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200477-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200477_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryantEkstrand2004">Bryant & Ekstrand 2004</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.indiadivine.org/prameya-ratnavali-of-baladeva-vidyabhushana/">https://www.indiadivine.org/prameya-ratnavali-of-baladeva-vidyabhushana/</a> Prameya Ratnavali of Baladeva Vidyabhushana (Text 7)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2010-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2010_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStewart2010">Stewart 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131_71-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131_71-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004131_71-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryantEkstrand2004">Bryant & Ekstrand 2004</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gaudiyahistory.com-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gaudiyahistory.com_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018114002/http://gaudiyahistory.com/caitanya-mahaprabhu/">"Chaitanya Mahaprabhu | Gaudiya History"</a>. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chaitanya+Mahaprabhu+%26%23124%3B+Gaudiya+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgaudiyahistory.com%2Fcaitanya-mahaprabhu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gaudiya.com/pdf/Is_the_Gaudiya_Vaishnava_sampradaya_connected_to_the_Madhva_line.pdf">Connection between Gaudiya and Madhva Sampradayas</a>(pdf)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vedabase.io/en/library/sb/1/introduction/">Srimad Bhagavatam (Introduction)</a> "Lord Caitanya not only preached the Srimad-Bhagavatam but propagated the teachings of the <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a> as well in the most practical way."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scsmath.com/docs/chaitanya_mahaprabhu.html">Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a> "He spread the <a href="/wiki/Yuga_Dharma" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuga Dharma">Yuga-dharma</a> as the practice for attainment of pure love for <a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a>-<a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>. That process is Harinam-Sankirtan, or the congregational chanting of the Holy Names of Krishna "Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare, Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benjamin E. Zeller (2010), <i>Prophets and Protons</i>, New York University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0814797211" title="Special:BookSources/978-0814797211">978-0814797211</a>, pp. 77–79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaudiya.com/pdf/Women_Saints_in_Gaudiya_Vaishnavism.pdf">Women Saints in Gaudiya Vaishnavism</a> "The event at which this took place was the famous Kheturi festival already mentioned above, the date of which is still a matter of conjecture, but likely took place in the 1570s."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy192577–78-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy192577–78_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1925">Kennedy 1925</a>, pp. 77–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">śuna haridāsa ei līlā saṃgopane viśva andhakāra karibeka duṣṭa jane</i></span>, Harinama Cintamani 15.108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/Apasampradayas">https://archive.org/details/Apasampradayas</a> (accessed: Friday September 22, 2023)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2004125–132-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2004125–132_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh2004">Singh 2004</a>, pp. 125–132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2004128-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2004128_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2004128_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh2004">Singh 2004</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004139-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004139_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryantEkstrand2004">Bryant & Ekstrand 2004</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarney2020135–136-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarney2020135–136_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarney2020">Carney 2020</a>, pp. 135–136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarney2020140-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarney2020140_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarney2020">Carney 2020</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarney2020152-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarney2020152_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarney2020">Carney 2020</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan200779–80Baba_Premanand_Bharati-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan200779–80Baba_Premanand_Bharati_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan200779–80Baba_Premanand_Bharati_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan200779–80Baba_Premanand_Bharati_87-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJonesRyan2007">Jones & Ryan 2007</a>, pp. 79–80, Baba Premanand Bharati.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarney2020140–143-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarney2020140–143_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarney2020">Carney 2020</a>, pp. 140–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004130-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004130_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryantEkstrand2004">Bryant & Ekstrand 2004</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007165Gaudiya_Math-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007165Gaudiya_Math_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJonesRyan2007">Jones & Ryan 2007</a>, p. 165, Gaudiya Math.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jalakara-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jalakara_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebooks.iskcondesiretree.com/pdf/00_-_More/Founder_Acharya.pdf">"The Sons of the Son: The Breakup of the Gaudiya Matha"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sons+of+the+Son%3A+The+Breakup+of+the+Gaudiya+Matha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Febooks.iskcondesiretree.com%2Fpdf%2F00_-_More%2FFounder_Acharya.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200490-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200490_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200490_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200490_92-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200490_92-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryantEkstrand2004">Bryant & Ekstrand 2004</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200491-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200491_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryantEkstrand2004">Bryant & Ekstrand 2004</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECase2000-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECase2000_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCase2000">Case 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bhagavata_Purana_1.3.28-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bhagavata_Purana_1.3.28_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vedabase.io/en/library/sb/1/3/28/">"Bhagavata Purana 1.3.28"</a>. vedabase.io<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bhagavata+Purana+1.3.28&rft.pub=vedabase.io&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvedabase.io%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Fsb%2F1%2F3%2F28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vedabase.io/en/library/tlc/17/">"Teachings of Lord Chaitanya"</a>. Vedabase.io<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teachings+of+Lord+Chaitanya&rft.pub=Vedabase.io&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvedabase.io%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Ftlc%2F17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vedabase.io/en/library/cc/madhya/19/53/">"Caitanya Caritamrita 2.19.53"</a>. vedabase.io<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caitanya+Caritamrita+2.19.53&rft.pub=vedabase.io&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvedabase.io%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Fcc%2Fmadhya%2F19%2F53%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://srimadbhagavatam.com/11/5/32/en1">Bhagavata Purana 11.5.32</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208145107/http://srimadbhagavatam.com/11/5/32/en1">Archived</a> 8 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "In the age of Kali, intelligent persons perform congregational chanting to worship the incarnation of Godhead who constantly sings the names of Krishna. Although His complexion is not blackish, He is Krishna Himself. He is accompanied by His associates, servants, weapons and confidential companions."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202736/http://absolutetruth.in/docs/madhva/sastras_caitanya.htm">"Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu predicted"</a>. Veda.harekrsna.cz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://absolutetruth.in/docs/madhva/sastras_caitanya.htm">the original</a> on 29 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Chaitanya+Mahaprabhu+predicted&rft.pub=Veda.harekrsna.cz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabsolutetruth.in%2Fdocs%2Fmadhva%2Fsastras_caitanya.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jiva.org/sri-gadadhara-panditas-role-in-the-gaudiya-sampradaya/">"Faith in Chaitanya Mahaprabhu as Krishna"</a>. <i>jiva.org</i>. 10 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jiva.org&rft.atitle=Faith+in+Chaitanya+Mahaprabhu+as+Krishna&rft.date=2013-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiva.org%2Fsri-gadadhara-panditas-role-in-the-gaudiya-sampradaya%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sri Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu-bindu, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-86737-16-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-86737-16-3">978-81-86737-16-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1861-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1861-3">978-81-208-1861-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hari-bhakti-vilasa, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-87812-86-9" title="Special:BookSources/81-87812-86-9">81-87812-86-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sri Camatkara-candrika, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-86737-33-2" title="Special:BookSources/81-86737-33-2">81-86737-33-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGupta200765-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGupta200765_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGupta2007">Gupta 2007</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGupta200784-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGupta200784_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGupta2007">Gupta 2007</a>, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200478–79,_88chapter_2.6_Jan_Brzezinski._"Charismatic_Renewal_and_Institutionalization_in_the_History_of_Gaudiya_Vashnavism_and_the_Gaudiya_Math"-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand200478–79,_88chapter_2.6_Jan_Brzezinski._"Charismatic_Renewal_and_Institutionalization_in_the_History_of_Gaudiya_Vashnavism_and_the_Gaudiya_Math"_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryantEkstrand2004">Bryant & Ekstrand 2004</a>, pp. 78–79, 88, chapter 2.6 Jan Brzezinski. "Charismatic Renewal and Institutionalization in the History of Gaudiya Vashnavism and the Gaudiya Math".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007166-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007166_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJonesRyan2007">Jones & Ryan 2007</a>, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004Front_matter-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryantEkstrand2004Front_matter_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryantEkstrand2004">Bryant & Ekstrand 2004</a>, Front matter.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBhrgumuni_dasa2001" class="citation news cs1">Bhrgumuni dasa (10 July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hari-katha.org/other/bon1.htm">"The Later Life Of Srila Bhakti Hriday Bon Maharaj"</a>. <i>India</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India&rft.atitle=The+Later+Life+Of+Srila+Bhakti+Hriday+Bon+Maharaj&rft.date=2001-07-10&rft.au=Bhrgumuni+dasa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhari-katha.org%2Fother%2Fbon1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007165–166Gaudiya_Vaishnavite_Society-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007165–166Gaudiya_Vaishnavite_Society_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJonesRyan2007">Jones & Ryan 2007</a>, pp. 165–166, Gaudiya Vaishnavite Society.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoktorski2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Doktorski" title="Henry Doktorski">Doktorski, Henry</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5QF0zAEACAAJ"><i>Eleven Naked Emperors: The Crisis of Charismatic Succession in the Hare Krishna Movement (1977–1987)</i></a>. Kindle: Independently Published. pp. <span class="nowrap">389–</span>390. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781079561371" title="Special:BookSources/9781079561371"><bdi>9781079561371</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eleven+Naked+Emperors%3A+The+Crisis+of+Charismatic+Succession+in+the+Hare+Krishna+Movement+%281977%E2%80%931987%29&rft.place=Kindle&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E389-%3C%2Fspan%3E390&rft.pub=Independently+Published&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781079561371&rft.aulast=Doktorski&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5QF0zAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007199–200International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness_Revival_Movement_(IRM)-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007199–200International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness_Revival_Movement_(IRM)_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJonesRyan2007">Jones & Ryan 2007</a>, pp. 199–200, International Society for Krishna Consciousness Revival Movement (IRM).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelberg1983196-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelberg1983196_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGelberg1983">Gelberg 1983</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosen1992[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid4IrQkw5x2o4CpgPA249_249]-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosen1992[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid4IrQkw5x2o4CpgPA249_249]_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosen1992">Rosen 1992</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4IrQkw5x2o4C&pg=PA249">249</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007504–505-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2007504–505_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJonesRyan2007">Jones & Ryan 2007</a>, pp. 504–505.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarney2020140–141-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarney2020140–141_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarney2020">Carney 2020</a>, pp. 140–141.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeck2005" class="citation book cs1">Beck, Guy L. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0SJ73GHSCF8C&pg=PA65">"Krishna as Loving Husband of God: The Alternative Krishnology of the Rādhāvallabha Sampradaya"</a>. In Guy L. Beck (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0SJ73GHSCF8C"><i>Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity</i></a>. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">65–</span>90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-6415-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-6415-1"><bdi>978-0-7914-6415-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Krishna+as+Loving+Husband+of+God%3A+The+Alternative+Krishnology+of+the+R%C4%81dh%C4%81vallabha+Sampradaya&rft.btitle=Alternative+Krishnas%3A+Regional+and+Vernacular+Variations+on+a+Hindu+Deity&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E65-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-6415-1&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Guy+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0SJ73GHSCF8C%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryant2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Bryant_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Bryant (author)">Bryant, Edwin</a> (2017). <i>Bhakti yoga: tales and teachings from the Bhāgavata Purāṇa</i>. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865477759" title="Special:BookSources/9780865477759"><bdi>9780865477759</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bhakti+yoga%3A+tales+and+teachings+from+the+Bh%C4%81gavata+Pur%C4%81%E1%B9%87a&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780865477759&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryantEkstrand2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Bryant_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Bryant (author)">Bryant, Edwin</a>; Ekstrand, Maria, eds. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mBMxPdgrBhoC"><i>The Hare Krishna Movement: The Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant</i></a>. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-12256-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-12256-X"><bdi>0-231-12256-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hare+Krishna+Movement%3A+The+Postcharismatic+Fate+of+a+Religious+Transplant&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-231-12256-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmBMxPdgrBhoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarney2020" class="citation book cs1">Carney, Gerald T. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1hTADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT135">"Baba Premananda Bharati: his trajectory into and through Bengal Vaiṣṇavism to the West"</a>. In Ferdinando Sardella; Lucian Wong (eds.). <i>The Legacy of Vaiṣṇavism in Colonial Bengal</i>. Routledge Hindu Studies Series. Milton, Oxon; New York: Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">135–</span>160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-56179-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-56179-3"><bdi>978-1-138-56179-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baba+Premananda+Bharati%3A+his+trajectory+into+and+through+Bengal+Vai%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87avism+to+the+West&rft.btitle=The+Legacy+of+Vai%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87avism+in+Colonial+Bengal&rft.place=Milton%2C+Oxon%3B+New+York&rft.series=Routledge+Hindu+Studies+Series&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E135-%3C%2Fspan%3E160&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-138-56179-3&rft.aulast=Carney&rft.aufirst=Gerald+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1hTADwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCase2000" class="citation book cs1">Case, Margaret H. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh7OoTSH5UwC"><i>Seeing Krishna: The Religious World of a Brahman Family in Vrindavan</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-513010-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-513010-3"><bdi>0-19-513010-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeing+Krishna%3A+The+Religious+World+of+a+Brahman+Family+in+Vrindavan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-19-513010-3&rft.aulast=Case&rft.aufirst=Margaret+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZh7OoTSH5UwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDe1942" class="citation book cs1">De, Sushil Kumar (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.68279/page/n7"><i>Early History of the Vaisnava Faith and Movement in Bengal from Sanskrit and Bengali Sources</i></a>. Calcutta: General Printers and Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+History+of+the+Vaisnava+Faith+and+Movement+in+Bengal+from+Sanskrit+and+Bengali+Sources&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pub=General+Printers+and+Publishers&rft.date=1942&rft.aulast=De&rft.aufirst=Sushil+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.68279%2Fpage%2Fn7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGelberg1983" class="citation book cs1">Gelberg, Steven J., ed. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rcgFRgAACAAJ"><i>Hare Krishna, Hare Krishna: Five Distinguished Scholars on the Krishna Movement in the West, Harvey Cox, Larry D. Shinn, Thomas J. Hopkins, A. L. Basham, Shrivatsa Goswami</i></a>. Grove Press Eastern Philosophy and Literature Series. New York: <a href="/wiki/Grove_Press" title="Grove Press">Grove Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0394624548" title="Special:BookSources/0394624548"><bdi>0394624548</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hare+Krishna%2C+Hare+Krishna%3A+Five+Distinguished+Scholars+on+the+Krishna+Movement+in+the+West%2C+Harvey+Cox%2C+Larry+D.+Shinn%2C+Thomas+J.+Hopkins%2C+A.+L.+Basham%2C+Shrivatsa+Goswami&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Grove+Press+Eastern+Philosophy+and+Literature+Series&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0394624548&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrcgFRgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHardy1987" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Friedhelm_Hardy" title="Friedhelm Hardy">Hardy, Friedhelm E.</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/krsnaism">"Kṛṣṇaism"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Mircea Eliade</a> (ed.). <i>The Encyclopedia of Religion</i>. Vol. 8. New York: Macmillan. pp. <span class="nowrap">387–</span>392. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02897-135-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02897-135-3"><bdi>978-0-02897-135-3</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia.com" title="Encyclopedia.com">Encyclopedia.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=K%E1%B9%9B%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87aism&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Religion&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E387-%3C%2Fspan%3E392&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-02897-135-3&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=Friedhelm+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fenvironment%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Fkrsnaism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoldrege2017" class="citation book cs1">Holdrege, Barbaraga (2017). <i>Bhakti and Embodient: fashioning divine bodies and devotional bodies in Kṛṣṇa Bhakti</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138492455" title="Special:BookSources/9781138492455"><bdi>9781138492455</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bhakti+and+Embodient%3A+fashioning+divine+bodies+and+devotional+bodies+in+K%E1%B9%9B%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87a+Bhakti&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781138492455&rft.aulast=Holdrege&rft.aufirst=Barbaraga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGupta2007" class="citation book cs1">Gupta, Ravi M. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm71241931"><i>The Caitanya Vaiṣṇava Vedānta of Jīva Gosvāmī: when knowledge meets devotion</i></a>. Routledge Hindu studies series. London; New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-40548-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-40548-5"><bdi>978-0-415-40548-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/71241931">71241931</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Caitanya+Vai%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87ava+Ved%C4%81nta+of+J%C4%ABva+Gosv%C4%81m%C4%AB%3A+when+knowledge+meets+devotion&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.series=Routledge+Hindu+studies+series&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2Focm71241931&rft.isbn=978-0-415-40548-5&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Ravi+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Focm71241931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJonesRyan2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions.+J.+Gordon+Melton%2C+Series+Editor&rft.pub=Facts+On+File&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-5458-9&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Constance+A.&rft.au=Ryan%2C+James+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOgMmceadQ3gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKapoor1977" class="citation book cs1">Kapoor, O.B.L. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6M8XAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Philosophy and Religion of Śrī Caitanya: The Philosophical Background of the Hare Krishna Movement</i></a>. New Delhi: <a href="/wiki/Munshiram_Manoharlal" title="Munshiram Manoharlal">Munshiram Manoharlal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philosophy+and+Religion+of+%C5%9Ar%C4%AB+Caitanya%3A+The+Philosophical+Background+of+the+Hare+Krishna+Movement&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Munshiram+Manoharlal&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Kapoor&rft.aufirst=O.B.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6M8XAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1925" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Melville T. (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pli.kerala.rare.24847"><i>The Chaitanya Movement: A Study of the Vaishnavism of Bengal</i></a>. The Religious Life of India. Calkutta: Association Press; Humphery Milford; Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chaitanya+Movement%3A+A+Study+of+the+Vaishnavism+of+Bengal&rft.place=Calkutta&rft.series=The+Religious+Life+of+India&rft.pub=Association+Press%3B+Humphery+Milford%3B+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Melville+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpli.kerala.rare.24847&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcDermott2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McDermott, Rachel Fell (2005). 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New York: Folk Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9619763-6-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9619763-6-5"><bdi>0-9619763-6-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vai%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87avism%3A+Contemporary+Scholars+Discuss+the+Gaudiya+Tradition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Folk+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-9619763-6-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4IrQkw5x2o4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSardella2013" class="citation book cs1">Sardella, Ferdinando (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rYSXPg9GUpwC"><i>Modern Hindu Personalism: The History, Life, and Thought of Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Hindu+Personalism%3A+The+History%2C+Life%2C+and+Thought+of+Bhaktisiddhanta+Sarasvati&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Sardella&rft.aufirst=Ferdinando&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrYSXPg9GUpwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSen1922" class="citation book cs1">Sen, Dinesh Chandra (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/chaitanyahisage00senduoft/chaitanyahisage00senduoft.pdf"><i>Chaitanya and His Age</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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In Rowena Robinson (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mc6GAwAAQBAJ"><i>Sociology of Religion in India</i></a>. Themes in Indian Sociology, 3. New Delhi: Sage Publ. India. pp. <span class="nowrap">125–</span>132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7619-9781-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7619-9781-4"><bdi>0-7619-9781-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Manipur+Vaishnavism%3A+A+Sociological+Interpretation&rft.btitle=Sociology+of+Religion+in+India&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.series=Themes+in+Indian+Sociology%2C+3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E125-%3C%2Fspan%3E132&rft.pub=Sage+Publ.+India&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7619-9781-4&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Kunj+Bihari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMc6GAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSinha2001" class="citation book cs1">Sinha, K. 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Calcutta.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acintya-bhedabheda-vada&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Vidyavinoda&rft.aufirst=Sunderananda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaudiya+Vaishnavism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gaudiya Vaishnavism">Gaudiya Vaishnavism</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaudiya.com/">An overview of Gaudiya Vaishnavism</a> – (gaudiya.com)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegaudiyatreasuresofbengal.com/2018/04/03/gaudiya-treasures-bengal-part-3-ecstatic-ride-across-ancient-spiritual-bengal-nadia-kalna-archives/">An ecstatic ride across ancient spiritual Bengal: Nadia & Kalna Archives </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dvaita.net/pdf/iskcon.pdf">Official statement by Vishwesha Tirtha on link between the line of Madhvacharya and Gaudiya Vaishnavism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226220301/http://www.dvaita.net/pdf/iskcon.pdf">Archived</a> 26 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gaudiya.com/pdf/Is_the_Gaudiya_Vaishnava_sampradaya_connected_to_the_Madhva_line.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwi3uuzA2vnpAhW24zgGHXOfDSEQFjABegQIAxAC&usg=AOvVaw3enVb1TR10jesYh9b1pS8K">Is Gaudiya Vaishnavism in the diksa line of Madhvacharya?</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_websites">Official websites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudiya_Vaishnavism&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Official websites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gaudiyamission.org">Gaudiya Mission</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gvs.online">Gaudiya Vedanta Samiti</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iskcon.org">International Society for Krishna Consciousness</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iskconirm.com">ISKCON Revival Movement</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceofidentity.org">Science of Identity Foundation</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swami.org">Sri Caitanya Sangha</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scsmath.com">Sri Chaitanya Saraswat Math</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://therealexplanation.org">The Vaishnava Foundation</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wva-vvrs.org/index.htm">World Vaisnava Association</a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chaitanya_(Gaudiya)_Sampradaya422" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chaitanya_sampradaya" title="Template:Chaitanya sampradaya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chaitanya_sampradaya" title="Template talk:Chaitanya sampradaya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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title="Vyasa">Vyāsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvācārya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabha_Tirtha" title="Padmanabha Tirtha">Padmanābha Tīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naraharitirtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Naraharitirtha">Narahari Tīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhava_Tirtha" title="Madhava Tirtha">Mādhava Tīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshobhya_Tirtha" title="Akshobhya Tirtha">Akṣobhya Tīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jaya Tīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyāsa Tīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavendra_Puri" title="Madhavendra Puri">Mādhavendra Purī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isvara_Puri" title="Isvara Puri">Īśvara Purī</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Tattva_(Vaishnavism)" title="Pancha Tattva (Vaishnavism)">Pancha-tattva</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nityananda" title="Nityananda">Nityananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Acharya" title="Advaita Acharya">Advaita Acharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadadhara_Pandita" title="Gadadhara Pandita">Gadadhara Pandita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivasa_Thakura" title="Srivasa Thakura">Srivasa Thakura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Post-Chaitanya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Six_Goswamis_of_Vrindavana" class="mw-redirect" title="Six Goswamis of Vrindavana">Six Goswamis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanatana_Goswami" title="Sanatana Goswami">Sanatana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_dasa_Goswami" title="Raghunatha dasa Goswami">Raghunatha dasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gopala_Bhatta_Goswami" title="Gopala Bhatta Goswami">Gopala Bhatta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Bhatta_Goswami" title="Raghunatha Bhatta Goswami">Raghunatha Bhatta</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baladeva_Vidyabhushana" title="Baladeva Vidyabhushana">Baladeva Vidyabhushana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalas" title="Gopalas">Gopalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa_Thakur" title="Haridasa Thakur">Haridasa Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnadasa_Kaviraja" title="Krishnadasa Kaviraja">Krishnadasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narottama_Dasa" title="Narottama Dasa">Narottama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svarupa_Damodara" title="Svarupa Damodara">Svarupa Damodara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visvanatha_Chakravarti" title="Visvanatha Chakravarti">Visvanatha Chakravarti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijoy_Krishna_Goswami" title="Bijoy Krishna Goswami">Bijoy Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Hridaya_Bon" title="Bhakti Hridaya Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktisvarupa_Damodar_Swami" title="Bhaktisvarupa Damodar Swami">Bhaktisvarupa Damodar Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaura_Kisora_dasa_Babaji" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji">Gaurakiṣora</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Говинда Госвами">Govinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridas_Shastri" title="Haridas Shastri">Haridas Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harikesa_Swami" title="Harikesa Swami">Harikesa Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayapataka_Swami" title="Jayapataka Swami">Jayapataka Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailasa_Candra_Dasa" title="Kailasa Candra Dasa">Kailasa Candra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Prajnan_Keshava" title="Bhakti Prajnan Keshava">Keshava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Prem" title="Krishna Prem">Krishna Prem</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srila_Narayana_Maharaja" class="extiw" title="pt:Srila Narayana Maharaja">Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramadvaiti_Swami" class="extiw" title="es:Paramadvaiti Swami">Paramadwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Бхакти Прамод Пури Госвами">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadananda_Das" title="Sadananda Das">Sadananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati_Thakura" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura">Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanarayana_Dasa" title="Satyanarayana Dasa">Satyanarayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrivatsa_Goswami" title="Shrivatsa Goswami">Shrivatsa Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Rakshak_Sridhar" title="Bhakti Rakshak Sridhar">Sridhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">Swami (Prabhupada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Ballabh_Tirtha" title="Bhakti Ballabh Tirtha">Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Eidlitz" title="Walther Eidlitz">Vamandas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Math" title="Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Mission" title="Gaudiya Mission">Gaudiya Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Devananda_Gaudiya_Math" title="Sri Devananda Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Vedanta Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISKCON" class="mw-redirect" title="ISKCON">ISKCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISKCON_Revival_Movement" title="ISKCON Revival Movement">ISKCON Revival Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_Identity_Foundation" title="Science of Identity Foundation">Science of Identity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Caitanya_Prema_Samsthana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Caitanya Prema Samsthana">Sri Caitanya Prema Samsthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Rakshak_Sridhar#Sri_Chaitanya_Saraswat_Math" title="Bhakti Rakshak Sridhar">Sri Chaitanya Saraswat Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Hridaya_Bon#Sri_Sri_Radha_Govindaji_Trust" title="Bhakti Hridaya Bon">Sri Sri Radha Govindaji Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vaisnava_Association" title="World Vaisnava Association">World Vaisnava Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Famous bhaktas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prahlada" title="Prahlada">Prahlada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narada" title="Narada">Narada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vrindavana_Dasa_Thakura" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrindavana Dasa Thakura">Vrindavana Dasa Thakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Avatara" class="mw-redirect" title="Avatara">Avataras</a> of God</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsya" title="Matsya">Matsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurma" title="Kurma">Kurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha" title="Varaha">Varaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamana" title="Vamana">Vamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parashurama" title="Parashurama">Parashurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Balarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanvantari" title="Dhanvantari">Dhanvantari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Caitanya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Personality_of_Godhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Personality of Godhead">Supreme Personality of Godhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parampara" class="mw-redirect" title="Parampara">Parampara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_(mantra)" title="Hare Krishna (mantra)">Hare Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arati" class="mw-redirect" title="Arati">Arati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rishis">Rishis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilaka" title="Tilaka">Tilaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diksha" title="Diksha">Diksha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Holy texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimad_Bhagavatam" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrimad Bhagavatam">Shrimad Bhagavatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Charitamrita" title="Chaitanya Charitamrita">Chaitanya Charitamrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Bhagavata" title="Chaitanya Bhagavata">Chaitanya Bhagavata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Spiritual abodes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goloka" title="Goloka">Goloka Vrindavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikuntha" title="Vaikuntha">Vaikuntha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Holy attributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padma_(attribute)" class="mw-redirect" title="Padma (attribute)">Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudarshana_Chakra" title="Sudarshana Chakra">Sudarshana Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayanastra" title="Narayanastra">Narayanastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaumodaki" title="Kaumodaki">Kaumodaki</a></li> <li>Nandaki</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharanga_(Hindu_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharanga (Hindu mythology)">Sharangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankha" title="Shankha">Shankha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Holy days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janmashtami" class="mw-redirect" title="Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaura-purnima" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaura-purnima">Gaura-purnima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekadashi" title="Ekadashi">Ekadashi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Names_of_God_in_Hinduism" title="Category:Names of God in Hinduism">Names of Godhead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_names_of_Krishna" title="List of titles and names of Krishna">List of titles and names of Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_names_of_Vishnu" class="mw-redirect" title="List of names of Vishnu">List of names of Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari" title="Hari">Hari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govinda" title="Govinda">Govinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopala-Krishna" title="Gopala-Krishna">Gopala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81sudeva" title="Vāsudeva">Vāsudeva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karatalas" class="mw-redirect" title="Karatalas">Karatalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mridangam" title="Mridangam">Mridangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonium">Harmonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Incense of India">Incense of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japamala" title="Japamala">Japamala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Comparative study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nastika" class="mw-redirect" title="Nastika">Nastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adevism" title="Adevism">Adevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Hinduism">Anti-Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Hinduism" title="Criticism of Hinduism">Criticism of Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution of Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asura (Hinduism)">Asura</a></li> <li>Hinduism and other religions (<a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">Buddhism and Hinduism</a> * <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha in Hinduism">Gautama Buddha in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jainism and Hinduism">Jainism and Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_in_Jainism" title="Rama in Jainism">Rama in Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">Hindu–Islamic relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">Hinduism and Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Hinduism and Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith_and_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'í Faith and Hinduism">Bahá'í Faith and Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christianity in India</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Diet in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">God in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsara" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsara">Samsara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astika" class="mw-redirect" title="Astika">Astika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Offshoots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagadguru_Kripalu_Parishat" title="Jagadguru Kripalu Parishat">Jagadguru Kripalu Parishat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanam_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanam Sampraday">Mahanam Sampraday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagannatha">Jagannatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana" title="Narayana">Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramatma" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramatma">Paramatma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavan" title="Bhagavan">Bhagavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulasi">Tulasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses">Devis list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radharani" class="mw-redirect" title="Radharani">Radharani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Deva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_gods" title="Category:Hindu gods">Demigods list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Indian philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_idealism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu idealism">Indian idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashrama_(stage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashrama (stage)">Ashrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami" title="Swami">Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosains" title="Gosains">Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnology" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnology">Krishnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_by_country" title="Hinduism by country">Hinduism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_cosmology" title="Hindu cosmology">Hindu cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_units_of_time" title="Hindu units of time">Hindu units of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_views_on_evolution" title="Hindu views on evolution">Hindu views on evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_numbers_in_Hindu_scriptures" title="List of numbers in Hindu scriptures">List of numbers in Hindu scriptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Hinduism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modern_Gaudiya_Vaishnavas_(1800s_to_date)775" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lightyellow;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Gaudiya_Vaishnavas" title="Template:Modern Gaudiya Vaishnavas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modern_Gaudiya_Vaishnavas" title="Template talk:Modern Gaudiya Vaishnavas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modern_Gaudiya_Vaishnavas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modern Gaudiya Vaishnavas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_Gaudiya_Vaishnavas_(1800s_to_date)775" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Modern <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaudiya Vaishnavas</a> <small><span class="nobold">(1800s to date)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em; padding:0.35em 1.0em; background:lightyellow;">The 19th – early 20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijoy_Krishna_Goswami" title="Bijoy Krishna Goswami">Bijoy Krishna Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaurakisora_Dasa_Babaji" title="Gaurakisora Dasa Babaji">Gaurakisora Dasa Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Prem" title="Krishna Prem">Sri Krishna Prem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em; padding:0.35em 1.0em; background:lightyellow;"><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Math" title="Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Math</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Hridaya_Bon" title="Bhakti Hridaya Bon">Bhakti Hridaya Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadananda_Das" title="Sadananda Das">Sadananda Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Eidlitz" title="Walther Eidlitz">Vamana Dasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em; padding:0.35em 1.0em; background:lightyellow;">Governing Body Commission,<br />and other <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a> Gurus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada</a><sup>*</sup><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Caitanya_Swami" title="Bhakti Caitanya Swami">Bhakti Caitanya Swami</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Charu_Swami" title="Bhakti Charu Swami">Bhakti Charu Swami</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktisvarupa_Damodar_Swami" title="Bhaktisvarupa Damodar Swami">Bhaktisvarupa Damodar Swami</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Tirtha_Swami" title="Bhakti Tirtha Swami">Bhakti Tirtha Swami</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Vijnana_Goswami" title="Bhakti Vijnana Goswami">Bhakti Vijnana Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Chandra_Charan_Das" title="Chaitanya Chandra Charan Das">Chaitanya Chandra Charan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giriraja_Swami" title="Giriraja Swami">Giriraja Swami</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indradyumna_Swami" title="Indradyumna Swami">Indradyumna Swami</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayadvaita_Swami" title="Jayadvaita Swami">Jayadvaita Swami</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayapataka_Swami" title="Jayapataka Swami">Jayapataka Swami</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_Kanana_Swami" title="Kadamba Kanana Swami">Kadamba Kanana Swami</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukunda_Goswami" title="Mukunda Goswami">Mukunda Goswami</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radhanath_Swami" title="Radhanath Swami">Radhanath Swami</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravindra_Svarupa_Dasa" title="Ravindra Svarupa Dasa">Ravindra Svarupa Dasa</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romapada_Swami" title="Romapada Swami">Romapada Swami</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacinandana_Swami" title="Sacinandana Swami">Sacinandana Swami</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsvarupa_dasa_Goswami" title="Satsvarupa dasa Goswami">Satsvarupa dasa Goswami</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamal_Krishna_Goswami" title="Tamal Krishna Goswami">Tamal Krishna Goswami</a><sup>*</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em; padding:0.35em 1.0em; background:lightyellow;">Other <a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness_members_and_patrons" title="List of International Society for Krishna Consciousness members and patrons">ISKCON Vaishnavas</a><br /><small><span class="nobold">(1966 to date)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Shaw_Brown" title="Richard Shaw Brown">Richard Shaw Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cremo" title="Michael Cremo">Michael Cremo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ford" title="Alfred Ford">Alfred Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Giuliano" title="Geoffrey Giuliano">Geoffrey Giuliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansadutta_Swami" title="Hansadutta Swami">Hansadutta Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harikesa_Swami" title="Harikesa Swami">Harikesa Swami</a><sup>*</sup><sup>ii</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayananda_Dasa" title="Jayananda Dasa">Jayananda Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha_Dasa" title="Jayatirtha Dasa">Jayatirtha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtanananda_Swami" title="Kirtanananda Swami">Kirtanananda Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malati_Dasi" title="Malati Dasi">Malati Dasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radhika_Ramana_Dasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Radhika Ramana Dasa">Radhika Ramana Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Kallidai" title="Ramesh Kallidai">Ramesh Kallidai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesvara_Swami" title="Ramesvara Swami">Ramesvara Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchor_Prime" title="Ranchor Prime">Ranchor Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu_Priya_Das" title="Sadhu Priya Das">Sadhu Priya Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_J._Rosen" title="Steven J. Rosen">Steven J. Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Schweig" title="Graham Schweig">Graham Schweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaunaka_Rishi_Das" title="Shaunaka Rishi Das">Shaunaka Rishi Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Thompson" title="Richard L. Thompson">Richard L. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visnujana_Swami" title="Visnujana Swami">Visnujana Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadunandana_Swami" title="Yadunandana Swami">Yadunandana Swami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em; padding:0.35em 1.0em; background:lightyellow;">Gaudiya Math lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Ballabh_Tirtha" title="Bhakti Ballabh Tirtha">Bhakti Ballabh Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Prajnan_Keshava" title="Bhakti Prajnan Keshava">Bhakti Prajnan Keshava</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Rakshak_Sridhar" title="Bhakti Rakshak Sridhar">Bhakti Rakshak Sridhar</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailasa_Candra_Dasa" title="Kailasa Candra Dasa">Kailasa Candra Dasa</a><sup>ii</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em; padding:0.35em 1.0em; background:lightyellow;">Other lineages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridas_Shastri" title="Haridas Shastri">Haridas Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanarayana_Dasa" title="Satyanarayana Dasa">Satyanarayana Dasa</a><sup>ii</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrivatsa_Goswami" title="Shrivatsa Goswami">Shrivatsa Goswami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em; padding:0.35em 1.0em; background:lightyellow;"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Offshoots_of_Gaudiya_Vaishnavism">Modern offshoots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kripalu_Maharaj" title="Kripalu Maharaj">Kripalu Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanambrata_Brahmachari" title="Mahanambrata Brahmachari">Mahanambrata Brahmachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhu_Jagadbandhu" title="Prabhu Jagadbandhu">Prabhu Jagadbandhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakashanand_Saraswati" title="Prakashanand Saraswati">Prakashanand Saraswati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:lightyellow;padding-left:3em; text-align:right; padding:0.10em 0; line-height:1.0em;"><div><small>*<a href="/wiki/ISKCON_guru_system" title="ISKCON guru system">ISKCON guru</a></small><br /><small><sup>i</sup>Former Gaudiya Math member</small><br /><small><sup>ii</sup>Former ISKCON member</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion220" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_topics" title="Template:Religion topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_topics" title="Template talk:Religion topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religious_groups_and_denominations220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religious groups and denominations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">Proto-Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussites</a>/<a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelder Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_Protestantism" title="Continental Reformed Protestantism">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restorationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaizers" title="Judaizers">Judaizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Students</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement#Associated_Bible_Students" title="Bible Student movement">Associated Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Bible_Students" title="Free Bible Students">Free Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Man" title="Friends of Man">Friends of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Kitawala" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Kitawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laymen%27s_Home_Missionary_Movement" title="Laymen's Home Missionary Movement">Laymen's Home Missionary Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostalism" title="Oneness Pentecostalism">Oneness Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">Swedenborgianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Modernist Salafism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'ism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Illahism" title="Ali-Illahism">Ali-Illahism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishikism" title="Ishikism">Ishikism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Alevism" title="Kurdish Alevism">Kurdish Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdawi_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdawi movement">Mahdavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milah_Abraham" title="Milah Abraham">Milah Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azalism" title="Azalism">Azalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilm-e-Khshnoom" title="Ilm-e-Khshnoom">Ilm-e-Khshnoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdaznan" title="Mazdaznan">Mazdaznan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabakism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabakism">Shabakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Assianism/Uatsdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshani_movement" title="Roshani movement">Roshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Manichaeism" title="Chinese Manichaeism">Chinese Manichaeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd%C3%A2nism" title="Yazdânism">Yazdânism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_teaching" title="Luo teaching">Luoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuo_folk_religion" title="Nuo folk religion">Nuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Salvationist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiantiandao" title="Xiantiandao">Xiantiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiguandao" title="Yiguandao">Yiguandao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions" title="Chinese ritual mastery traditions">Folk Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_folk_religion" title="Yao folk religion">Yao Taoism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_sects_and_schools" title="Shinto sects and schools">list</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D" title="Shugendō">Shugendō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenrikyo" title="Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Korean shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheondoism" title="Cheondoism">Cheondoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeung_San_Do" title="Jeung San Do">Jeungsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnamese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_M%E1%BA%ABu" title="Đạo Mẫu">Đạo Mẫu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Caodaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hoahaoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_B%E1%BB%ADu_S%C6%A1n_K%E1%BB%B3_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương">Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka_Sampradaya" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Swaminarayan Sampradaya">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapatya" title="Ganapatya">Ganapatya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaumaram" title="Kaumaram">Kaumaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingayatism">Lingayatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saura_(Hinduism)" title="Saura (Hinduism)">Sauraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Neo-Hinduism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Thiền</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Amidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Neo-Buddhism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalash_people#Religion" title="Kalash people">Kalash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kirat Mundhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedda#Religion" title="Vedda">Vedda religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Altaic_languages" title="Altaic languages">Altaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turko</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" title="Vattisen Yaly">Vattisen Yaly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_creation_myth" title="Tungusic creation myth">Tungusic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenks#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_shamanism" title="Manchu shamanism">Manchu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarna_(place)" title="Sarna (place)">Sarnaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parmalim" title="Parmalim">Batak Parmalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_people#Religion_and_festivals" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Sabahan_religions" title="Traditional Sabahan religions">Traditional Sabahan religions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_Kepercayaan" title="Aliran Kepercayaan">Aliran Kepercayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapitayan" title="Kapitayan">Kapitayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemena" title="Pemena">Karo Pemena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_folk_religion" title="Malaysian folk religion">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Philippine_folk_religions" title="Indigenous Philippine folk religions">Philippine Dayawism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religious_beliefs_of_the_Tagalog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_religion" title="Hawaiian religion">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marapu" title="Marapu">Sumbese Marapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sundanese Wiwitan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native<br />American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_mythology" title="Abenaki mythology">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_religion" title="Alaska Native religion">Alaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe_traditional_beliefs" title="Anishinaabe traditional beliefs">Anishinaabe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe#Spiritual_beliefs" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midewiwin" title="Midewiwin">Midewiwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabunowin" title="Wabunowin">Wabunowin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache#Religion" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_mythology" title="Blackfoot mythology">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_narratives_of_Indigenous_Californians" title="Traditional narratives of Indigenous Californians">Californian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuksu_(religion)" title="Kuksu (religion)">Kuksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_mythology" title="Miwok mythology">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_mythology" title="Ohlone mythology">Ohlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_religion" title="Pomo religion">Pomo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_mythology" title="Chilote mythology">Chilote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_mythology" title="Choctaw mythology">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_religion" title="Crow religion">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance" title="Ghost Dance">Ghost Dance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sun_Dance" title="Sun Dance">Sun Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_mythology" title="Guarani mythology">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_mythology" title="Haida mythology">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk_mythology" title="Ho-Chunk mythology">Ho-Chunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_mythology" title="Iroquois mythology">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_spiritual_beliefs" title="Cherokee spiritual beliefs">Cherokee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mothers_Society" title="Four Mothers Society">Four Mothers Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keetoowah_Nighthawk_Society" title="Keetoowah Nighthawk Society">Keetoowah Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse_Religion" title="Longhouse Religion">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people#Religion" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_mythology" title="Creek mythology">Muscogee Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_mythology" title="Seneca mythology">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyandot religion">Wyandot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivaroan_peoples#Religion" title="Jivaroan peoples">Jivaroan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw_mythology" title="Kwakwakaʼwakw mythology">Kwakwakaʼwakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape_mythology" title="Lenape mythology">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_religion" title="Mapuche religion">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" title="Mesoamerican religion">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_religion" title="Purépecha religion">Purépecha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo#Spiritual_and_religious_beliefs" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth_mythology" title="Nuu-chah-nulth mythology">Nuu-chah-nulth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_mythology" title="Pawnee mythology">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_religion" title="Pueblo religion">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoma_Pueblo#Religion" title="Acoma Pueblo">Acoma Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_mythology" title="Hopi mythology">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_mythology" title="Zuni mythology">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux#Religion" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_religion" title="Lakota religion">Lakota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wocekiye" title="Wocekiye">Wocekiye</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian_mythology" title="Tsimshian mythology">Tsimshian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_mythology" title="Ute mythology">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions#Washat_Dreamers_Religion" title="Native American religions">Washat Dreamers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui#Yaqui_cosmology_and_religion" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_religion" title="Ahom religion">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_folk_religion" title="Miao folk religion">Hmongism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_(religion)" title="Mo (religion)">Mo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_folk_religion" title="Tai folk religion">Satsana Phi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_folk_religion" title="Burmese folk religion">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzhuism" title="Benzhuism">Benzhuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathouism" title="Bathouism">Bathouism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mun_(religion)" title="Mun (religion)">Bongthingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba" title="Dongba">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donyi-Polo" title="Donyi-Polo">Donyi-Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_shamanism" title="Gurung shamanism">Gurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraka">Heraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kiratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_folk_religion" title="Qiang folk religion">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Traditional <br /> African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">North African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion" title="Traditional Berber religion">Berber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" title="Church of the Guanche People">Guanche church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Sub-Saharan<br />African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Akamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_religion" title="Akan religion">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluba_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluba mythology">Baluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu mythology">Bantu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_traditional_religion" title="Zulu traditional religion">Zulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushongo_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushongo mythology">Bushongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinka_religion" title="Dinka religion">Dinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogon_religion" title="Dogon religion">Dogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_mythology" title="Efik mythology">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomean_religion" title="Dahomean religion">Fon and Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ik_people" title="Ik people">Ik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotuko_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotuko mythology">Lotuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozi_mythology" title="Lozi mythology">Lozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" title="Lugbara mythology">Lugbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasai mythology">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" title="Mbuti mythology">Mbuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odinala" title="Odinala">Odinala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_religion" title="San religion">San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Serer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_mythology" title="Tumbuka mythology">Tumbuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo_people" title="Urhobo people">Urhobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waaqeffanna" title="Waaqeffanna">Waaqeffanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">Diasporic</a>:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Bantu" title="Candomblé Bantu">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Jej%C3%A9" title="Candomblé Jejé">Jejé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Ketu" title="Candomblé Ketu">Ketu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfa" title="Comfa">Comfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convince" title="Convince">Convince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espiritismo" title="Espiritismo">Espiritismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumina" title="Kumina">Kumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah" title="Obeah">Obeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_de_Mina" title="Tambor de Mina">Tambor de Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad Orisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Vodou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" title="Louisiana Voodoo">Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology">Aboriginal Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_mythology" title="Papuan mythology">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" title="Shamanism in Siberia">Siberian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New<br /> religious<br /> movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syncretic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Religion" title="Coconut Religion">Coconut Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_new_religions" title="Japanese new religions">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meivazhi" title="Meivazhi">Meivazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modekngei" title="Modekngei">Modekngei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Acropolis" title="New Acropolis">New Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajneesh_movement" title="Rajneesh movement">Rajneesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subud" title="Subud">Subud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensegrity_(Castaneda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensegrity (Castaneda)">Tensegrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Theosophy" title="Neo-Theosophy">Neo-Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Yoga" title="Agni Yoga">Agni Yoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roerichism" title="Roerichism">Roerichism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_White_Brotherhood" title="Universal White Brotherhood">White Brotherhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">Modern<br />paganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>African <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godianism" title="Godianism">Godianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" title="Baltic neopaganism">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" title="Dievturība">Dievturība</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_neopaganism" title="Caucasian neopaganism">Caucasian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz neopaganism">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_Xabze" title="Adyghe Xabze">Circassian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Hellenism (modern religion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoshamanism" title="Neoshamanism">Neoshamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheistic_reconstructionism" title="Polytheistic reconstructionism">Polytheistic reconstructionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Roman_religion" title="Reconstructionist Roman religion">Italo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Authentism" title="Russian Authentism">Authentism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralic_neopaganism" title="Uralic neopaganism">Uralic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_neopaganism" title="Estonian neopaganism">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Finnish_paganism" title="Modern Finnish paganism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Native_Faith" title="Hungarian Native Faith">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_religion" title="Mari religion">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzyan_native_religion" title="Erzyan native religion">Erzya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Vos" title="Udmurt Vos">Udmurt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Zalmoxianism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_pagan_movements" title="List of modern pagan movements">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">De novo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckankar" title="Eckankar">Eckankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Way" title="Fourth Way">Fourth Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jediism" title="Jediism">Jediism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism" title="Raëlism">Raëlism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Historical_religions220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">Historical religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people#Religion" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_mythology" title="Latvian mythology">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_mythology" title="Prussian mythology">Old Prussian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_mythology" title="Basque mythology">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_mythology" title="Cook Islands mythology">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuegians#Spiritual_culture" title="Fuegians">Fuegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Selk'nam mythology">Selk'nam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_paganism" title="Frankish paganism">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism" title="Orphism">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches#System_of_beliefs" title="Guanches">Guanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation#Religion" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Harappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_mythology" title="Hungarian mythology">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurrian_religion" title="Hurrian religion">Hurrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Confederacy#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Confederacy">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroon_religion" title="Jamaican Maroon religion">Jamaican Maroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdakism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Indigenous_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruan Indigenous religion">Nauruan Indigenous religion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_religion" title="Olmec religion">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Paleo-Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian mythology">Dacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_religion" title="Illyrian religion">Illyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_religion" title="Thracian religion">Thracian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian religion">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketmaker_III_Era#Culture_and_religion" title="Basketmaker III Era">Ancestral Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_II_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo II Period">Pueblo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_III_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo III Period">Pueblo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_IV_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo IV Period">Pueblo IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cult of Magna Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_religion" title="Gallo-Roman religion">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">Yahwism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_religion" title="Punic religion">Punic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_religion" title="Scythian religion">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_mythology" title="Somali mythology">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_religion" title="Tongan religion">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turkic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu#Religion" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vainakh_religion" title="Vainakh religion">Vainakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization#Religion_and_Myth" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">Apostasy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Religious_disaffiliation" title="Religious disaffiliation">Disaffiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_behaviour" title="Religious behaviour">Behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belief#Religion" title="Belief">Beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_to_prayer" title="Call to prayer">Call to prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laicism" title="Laicism">Laicism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_(religion)" title="Covenant (religion)">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">Denomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">Entheogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice" title="Novice">Novice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopraxy" title="Orthopraxy">Orthopraxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">Religious experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">Ritual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">Purification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_space" title="Sacred space">Sacred space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_waters" title="Sacred waters">Bodies of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains" title="Sacred mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tree" title="Sacred tree">Trees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_symbol" title="Religious symbol">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_truth" title="Religious views on truth">Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_and_religion" title="Water and religion">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">Worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Astral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_worship" title="Fire worship">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">Place</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheism" title="Nontheism">Nontheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandeism" title="Pandeism">Pandeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheism" title="Transtheism">Transtheism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious<br />studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" title="Cognitive science of religion">Cognitive science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative</a></li> <li>Demographics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religion" title="Indigenous religion">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_religious_groups" title="Major religious groups">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_religions" title="World religions">World</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_religion" title="Evolutionary psychology of religion">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_religion" title="Neuroscience of religion">Neurotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_religion" title="Sociology of religion">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">Soteriology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">Salvation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_about_religion" title="Theories about religion">Theories about religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_religion" title="Women and religion">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society" title="Category:Religion and society">Religion <br />and society</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_agriculture" title="Religion and agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_business" title="Religion and business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_assimilation" title="Religious assimilation">Assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">Proselytism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_religion" title="Disability and religion">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_fanaticism" title="Religious fanaticism">Fanaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_religion" title="Growth of religion">Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_gender" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_happiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and happiness">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_LGBTQ_people" title="Religion and LGBTQ people">LGBTQ people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_religion" title="Intersex people and religion">Intersex people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_religion" title="Transgender people and religion">Transgender people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_religion" title="Minority religion">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">National church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" title="Importance of religion by country">National religiosity levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_populations" title="List of religious populations">Populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religiocentrism" title="Religiocentrism">Religiocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_school" title="Religious school">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science" title="Relationship between religion and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_suicide" title="Religious views on suicide">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_video_games" title="Religion and video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence" title="Sectarian violence">Sectarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" title="Wealth and religion">Wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligion" title="Antireligion">Antireligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_religion" title="Criticism of religion">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_deconstruction" title="Positive deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_religion" title="Secular religion">Secular religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_theology" title="Secular theology">Secular theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Unaffiliated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Overviews<br />and <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion-related_lists" title="Category:Religion-related lists">lists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_prophets_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_been_considered_deities" title="List of people who have been considered deities">Deification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_founders_of_religious_traditions" title="List of founders of religious traditions">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_religion-related_articles" title="Index of religion-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_peaceful_gatherings" title="List of largest peaceful gatherings">Mass gatherings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" title="List of new religious movements">New religious movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_organizations" title="List of religious organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_religion" title="Outline of religion">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religions and spiritual traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_religion" title="Timeline of religion">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion_by_country220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion by country</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Algeria" title="Religion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Angola" title="Religion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Benin" title="Religion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Botswana" title="Religion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Religion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burundi" title="Religion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cameroon" title="Religion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Religion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Religion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chad" title="Religion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Religion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Egypt" title="Religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Religion in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eritrea" title="Religion in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eswatini" title="Religion in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ethiopia" title="Religion in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gabon" title="Religion in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Gambia" title="Religion in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ghana" title="Religion in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea" title="Religion in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Religion in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Religion in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kenya" title="Religion in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lesotho" title="Religion in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liberia" title="Religion in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Libya" title="Religion in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Madagascar" title="Religion in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malawi" title="Religion in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mali" title="Religion in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritania" title="Religion in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritius" title="Religion in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Morocco" title="Religion in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Namibia" title="Religion in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niger" title="Religion in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria" title="Religion in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Rwanda" title="Religion in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Religion in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Senegal" title="Religion in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Seychelles" title="Religion in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Religion in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Somalia" title="Religion in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Africa" title="Religion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Sudan" title="Religion in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sudan" title="Religion in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tanzania" title="Religion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Togo" title="Religion in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tunisia" title="Religion in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uganda" title="Religion in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zambia" title="Religion in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zimbabwe" title="Religion in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bahrain" title="Religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bhutan" title="Religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brunei" title="Religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq" title="Religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jordan" title="Religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea" title="Religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kuwait" title="Religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Laos" title="Religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lebanon" title="Religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Maldives" title="Religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia" title="Religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Myanmar" title="Religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nepal" title="Religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oman" title="Religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Qatar" title="Religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Singapore" title="Religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Syria" title="Religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan" title="Religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Thailand" title="Religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Religion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen" title="Religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Europe" title="Religion in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Andorra" title="Religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Austria" title="Religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belarus" title="Religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Religion in the Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Estonia" title="Religion in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland" title="Religion in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hungary" title="Religion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iceland" title="Religion in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Religion in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Latvia" title="Religion in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liechtenstein" title="Religion in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Luxembourg" title="Religion in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malta" title="Religion in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Moldova" title="Religion in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Religion in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Religion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norway" title="Religion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Poland" title="Religion in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_San_Marino" title="Religion in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovakia" title="Religion in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovenia" title="Religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Spain" title="Religion in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden" title="Religion in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine" title="Religion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Religion in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_America" title="Religion in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Religion in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Bahamas" title="Religion in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Barbados" title="Religion in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belize" title="Religion in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Costa_Rica" title="Religion in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cuba" title="Religion in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Dominica" title="Religion in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Religion in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_El_Salvador" title="Religion in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guatemala" title="Religion in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Honduras" title="Religion in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jamaica" title="Religion in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mexico" title="Religion in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nicaragua" title="Religion in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Panama" title="Religion in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Religion in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Fiji" title="Religion in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Religion in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Palau" title="Religion in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Religion in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Samoa" title="Religion in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Religion in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tonga" title="Religion in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tuvalu" title="Religion in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vanuatu" title="Religion in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_America" title="Religion in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Argentina" title="Religion in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bolivia" title="Religion in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brazil" title="Religion in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chile" title="Religion in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Colombia" title="Religion in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ecuador" title="Religion in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guyana" title="Religion in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Paraguay" title="Religion in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Peru" title="Religion in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Suriname" title="Religion in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uruguay" title="Religion in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Venezuela" title="Religion in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion" title="Category:Religion">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vishnu-bhakti,_Vaishnava_theology,_and_Vaishnava_philosophy233" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vaishnava_philosophy" title="Template:Vaishnava philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vaishnava_philosophy" title="Template talk:Vaishnava philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnava_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnava philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vishnu-bhakti,_Vaishnava_theology,_and_Vaishnava_philosophy233" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vishnu-bhakti, Vaishnava theology, and Vaishnava philosophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svayam_Bhagavan" title="Svayam Bhagavan">Svayam Bhagavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Om_Namo_Narayanaya" title="Om Namo Narayanaya">Om Namo Narayanaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Namo_Bhagavate_Vasudevaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya">Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_(mantra)" title="Hare Krishna (mantra)">Hare Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Om" title="Hari Om">Hari Om</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arati" class="mw-redirect" title="Arati">Arati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi">Rishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilaka" title="Tilaka">Tilaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diksha" title="Diksha">Diksha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsya" title="Matsya">Matsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurma" title="Kurma">Kurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha" title="Varaha">Varaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamana" title="Vamana">Vamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parashurama" title="Parashurama">Parashurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Balarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha in Hinduism">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohini" title="Mohini">Mohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanvantari" title="Dhanvantari">Dhanvantari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara-Narayana" title="Nara-Narayana">Nara-Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithu" title="Prithu">Prithu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayagriva" title="Hayagriva">Hayagriva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Holy texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Charitamrita" title="Chaitanya Charitamrita">Chaitanya Charitamrita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Divya_Prabandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandha">Divya Prabandha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Sampradaya#Vaishnava_Sampradayas" title="Sampradaya">Sampradayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Sampradaya">Sri Sampradaya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma Sampradaya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a> - <a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudra_Sampradaya" title="Rudra Sampradaya">Rudra Sampradaya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudra" title="Rudra">Rudra</a> - <a href="/wiki/Vishnuswami" title="Vishnuswami">Vishnuswami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka_Sampradaya" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumaras">Four Kumāras</a> - <a href="/wiki/Nimbarka" title="Nimbarka">Nimbarka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">Acharyas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathamuni" title="Nathamuni">Nathamuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nammalvar" title="Nammalvar">Nammalvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunacharya" title="Yamunacharya">Yamunacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillai_Lokacharya" title="Pillai Lokacharya">Pillai Lokacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Manavala Mamunigal">Manavala Mamunigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka" title="Nimbarka">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="Dnyaneshwar">Dnyaneshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnuswami" title="Vishnuswami">Vishnuswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyapati" title="Vidyapati">Vidyapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavdev" title="Madhavdev">Madhavdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Prajnana_Kesava_Goswami" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhakti Prajnana Kesava Goswami">Bhakti Prajnana Kesava Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Hridaya_Bon" title="Bhakti Hridaya Bon">Bhakti Hridaya Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrivatsa_Goswami" title="Shrivatsa Goswami">Shrivatsa Goswami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Famous bhaktas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prahlada" title="Prahlada">Prahlada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narada" title="Narada">Narada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesha" title="Shesha">Shesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvars" title="Alvars">Alvars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Goswamis_of_Vrindavana" class="mw-redirect" title="Six Goswamis of Vrindavana">Six Goswamis of Vrindavana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Math" title="Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Mission" title="Gaudiya Mission">Gaudiya Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Devananda_Gaudiya_Math" title="Sri Devananda Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Vedanta Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISKCON" class="mw-redirect" title="ISKCON">ISKCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_Identity_Foundation" title="Science of Identity Foundation">Science of Identity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Caitanya_Prema_Samsthana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Caitanya Prema Samsthana">Sri Caitanya Prema Samsthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Rakshak_Sridhar#Sri_Chaitanya_Saraswat_Math" title="Bhakti Rakshak Sridhar">Sri Chaitanya Saraswat Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Hridaya_Bon#Sri_Sri_Radha_Govindaji_Trust" title="Bhakti Hridaya Bon">Sri Sri Radha Govindaji Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vaisnava_Association" title="World Vaisnava Association">World Vaisnava Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Abodes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaikuntha" title="Vaikuntha">Vaikuntha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshira_Sagara" title="Kshira Sagara">Kshira Sagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goloka" title="Goloka">Goloka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrindavana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrindavana">Vrindavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_(Ramayana)" title="Ayodhya (Ramayana)">Ayodhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvaraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaraka">Dvaraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divya_Desam" title="Divya Desam">Divya Desams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Attributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panchajanya" title="Panchajanya">Panchajanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudarshana_Chakra" title="Sudarshana Chakra">Sudarshana Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_(Vishnu)" title="Padma (Vishnu)">Padma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaumodaki" title="Kaumodaki">Kaumodaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandaka" title="Nandaka">Nandaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharanga">Sharanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayanastra" title="Narayanastra">Narayanastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaustubha" title="Kaustubha">Kaustubha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrivatsa" title="Shrivatsa">Shrivatsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaijayanti" title="Vaijayanti">Vaijayanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdhva_Pundra" title="Urdhva Pundra">Urdhva Pundra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Holy days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekadashi" title="Ekadashi">Ekadashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Krishna Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepavali" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepavali">Deepavali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananta_Chaturdashi" title="Ananta Chaturdashi">Ananta Chaturdashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikuntha_Chaturdashi" title="Vaikuntha Chaturdashi">Vaikuntha Chaturdashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Puja" title="Lakshmi Puja">Lakshmi Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturmasya" title="Chaturmasya">Chaturmasya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karatalas" class="mw-redirect" title="Karatalas">Karatalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mridangam" title="Mridangam">Mridangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonium">Harmonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Incense of India">Incense of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japamala" title="Japamala">Japamala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dvait%C4%81dvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaitādvaita">Dvaitādvaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bhed%C4%81bheda" class="mw-redirect" title="Achintya Bhedābheda">Achintya Bhedābheda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagannatha">Jagannatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana" title="Narayana">Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkateshvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkateshvara">Venkateshvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramatma" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramatma">Paramatma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavan" title="Bhagavan">Bhagavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulasi_in_Hinduism" title="Tulasi in Hinduism">Tulasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses">Devis list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabhama" title="Satyabhama">Satyabhama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a 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