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</button> <ul id="toc-Publication_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>American editions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discrepancies_in_numbering_of_American_and_British_editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discrepancies_in_numbering_of_American_and_British_editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Discrepancies in 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Gray's Anatomy</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)" title="غرايز أناتومي (كتاب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غرايز أناتومي (كتاب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80" title="গ্ৰেইজ এনাটমী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গ্ৰেইজ এনাটমী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrey_Anatomiyas%C4%B1_(d%C9%99rslik)" title="Qrey Anatomiyası (dərslik) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qrey Anatomiyası (dərslik)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="গ্রে এ্যানাটমি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রে এ্যানাটমি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="ग्रेज़ एनैटमी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ग्रेज़ एनैटमी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Анатомията на Грей – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Анатомията на Грей" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomia_de_Gray" title="Anatomia de Gray – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anatomia de Gray" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%E2%80%99s_Anatomy" title="Gray’s Anatomy – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gray’s Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_anatoomia" title="Gray anatoomia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gray anatoomia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatom%C3%ADa_de_Gray" title="Anatomía de Gray – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anatomía de Gray" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آناتومی گری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آناتومی گری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4_%ED%95%B4%EB%B6%80%ED%95%99" title="그레이 해부학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그레이 해부학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomija_ljudskog_tijela_Henryja_Graya" title="Anatomija ljudskog tijela Henryja Graya – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Anatomija ljudskog tijela Henryja Graya" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomia_del_Gray" title="Anatomia del Gray – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anatomia del Gray" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99_(%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8)" title="האנטומיה של גריי (ספר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האנטומיה של גריי (ספר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi_Gray" title="Anatomi Gray – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Anatomi Gray" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გრეის ანატომია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრეის ანატომია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Anat%C3%B3mi%C3%A1ja" title="Gray Anatómiája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gray Anatómiája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D9%89_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)" title="جرايز اناتومى (كتاب) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جرايز اناتومى (كتاب)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6" title="グレイ解剖学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グレイ解剖学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%E2%80%99s_Anatomy" title="Gray’s Anatomy – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gray’s Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%E2%80%99s_Anatomy" title="Gray’s Anatomy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gray’s Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gray's Anatomy" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_(%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Анатомия Грея (учебник) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Анатомия Грея (учебник)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomia_e_Gray" title="Anatomia e Gray – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Anatomia e Gray" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the textbook. For the television series, see <a href="/wiki/Grey%27s_Anatomy" title="Grey's Anatomy"><i>Grey's Anatomy</i></a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gray's Anatomy (disambiguation)">Gray's Anatomy (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+Gray%27s+Anatomy+of+the+Human+Body&rft.author=%5B%5BHenry+Gray%5D%5D&rft.date=1858&rft.pub=%5B%5BJohn+William+Parker%5D%5D&rft.place=England"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray%27s_Anatomy_20th_edition_(1918)-_Title_page.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gray%27s_Anatomy_20th_edition_%281918%29-_Title_page.png/220px-Gray%27s_Anatomy_20th_edition_%281918%29-_Title_page.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gray%27s_Anatomy_20th_edition_%281918%29-_Title_page.png/330px-Gray%27s_Anatomy_20th_edition_%281918%29-_Title_page.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gray%27s_Anatomy_20th_edition_%281918%29-_Title_page.png/440px-Gray%27s_Anatomy_20th_edition_%281918%29-_Title_page.png 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1740" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Title page of American 20th edition (1918)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gray" title="Henry Gray">Henry Gray</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original title</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Illustrator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Vandyke_Carter" title="Henry Vandyke Carter">Henry Vandyke Carter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">Human anatomy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Parker" title="John William Parker">John William Parker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1858</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">England</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray219.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gray219.png/170px-Gray219.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gray219.png/255px-Gray219.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gray219.png/340px-Gray219.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption>An illustration from the American 1918 edition</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Gray's Anatomy</b></i> is a reference book of <a href="/wiki/Human_anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Human anatomy">human anatomy</a> written by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Gray" title="Henry Gray">Henry Gray</a>, illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Vandyke_Carter" title="Henry Vandyke Carter">Henry Vandyke Carter</a> and first published in London in 1858. It has had multiple revised editions, and the current edition, the 42nd (October 2020), remains a standard reference, often considered "the doctors' <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">bible</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Elsevier_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elsevier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Earlier editions were called <i><b>Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical</b></i>, <i><b>Anatomy of the Human Body</b></i> and <i><b>Gray's Anatomy: Descriptive and Applied</b></i>, but the book's name is commonly shortened to, and later editions are titled, <i>Gray's Anatomy</i>. The book is widely regarded as an extremely influential work on the subject. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publication_history">Publication history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gray%27s_Anatomy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Publication history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Gray_bw_photo_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Henry_Gray_bw_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gray" title="Henry Gray">Henry Gray</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gray%27s_Anatomy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> anatomist <a href="/wiki/Henry_Gray" title="Henry Gray">Henry Gray</a> was born in 1827. He studied the development of the <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_gland" title="Endocrine gland">endocrine glands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spleen" title="Spleen">spleen</a> and in 1853 was appointed Lecturer on Anatomy at <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Hospital_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Hospital Medical School">St George's Hospital Medical School</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. In 1855, he approached his colleague <a href="/wiki/Henry_Vandyke_Carter" title="Henry Vandyke Carter">Henry Vandyke Carter</a> with his idea to produce an inexpensive and accessible anatomy textbook for medical students. Dissecting unclaimed bodies from workhouse and hospital <a href="/wiki/Mortuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortuary">mortuaries</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Anatomy_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomy Act">Anatomy Act</a> of 1832, the two worked for 18 months on what would form the basis of the book. Their work was first published in 1858 by <a href="/wiki/John_William_Parker" title="John William Parker">John William Parker</a> in London.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray1858_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray1858-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was dedicated by Gray to <a href="/wiki/Sir_Benjamin_Collins_Brodie,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet">Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet</a>. </p><p>An imprint of this English first edition was published in the United States in 1859, with slight alterations.<sup id="cite_ref-Richardson2005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardson2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USedition1859_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USedition1859-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gray prepared a second, revised edition, which was published in the United Kingdom in 1860, also by J.W. Parker.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore2008_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BriefHistoryGrays_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BriefHistoryGrays-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Gray died the following year, at the age of 34, having contracted <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a><sup id="cite_ref-Moore2008_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while treating his nephew (who survived). His death had come just three years after the initial publication of his <i>Anatomy Descriptive and Surgical</i>. Even so, the work on his much-praised book was continued by others.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a>'s publication reportedly began in 1863, after their acquisition of the J.W. Parker publishing business.<sup id="cite_ref-LongmanPublication_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongmanPublication-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This coincided with the publication date of the third British edition of <i>Gray's Anatomy.</i><sup id="cite_ref-GraysAnatomy35thBritish_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GraysAnatomy35thBritish-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Successive British editions of <i>Gray's Anatomy</i> continued to be published under the Longman, and more recently <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Livingstone" title="Churchill Livingstone">Churchill Livingstone</a>/<a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> imprints, reflecting further changes in ownership of the publishing companies over the years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_editions">American editions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gray%27s_Anatomy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The full American rights were purchased by Blanchard and Lea, who published the first of twenty-five<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> distinct American editions of <i>Gray's Anatomy</i> in 1862, and whose company became <a href="/wiki/Lea_%26_Febiger" class="mw-redirect" title="Lea & Febiger">Lea & Febiger</a> in 1908. Lea & Febiger continued publishing the American editions until the company was sold in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first American publication was edited by Richard James Dunglison, whose father <a href="/wiki/Robley_Dunglison" title="Robley Dunglison">Robley Dunglison</a> was physician to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dunglison edited the next four editions. These were: the <i>Second American Edition</i> (February 1862); the <i>New Third American from the Fifth English Edition</i> (May 1870); the <i>New American from the Eighth English Edition</i> (July 1878); and the <i>New American from the Tenth English Edition</i> (August 1883). <a href="/wiki/William_Williams_Keen" title="William Williams Keen">W. W. Keen</a> edited the next two editions, namely: the <i>New American from the Eleventh English Edition</i> (September 1887); and the <i>New American from the Thirteenth English Edition</i> (September 1893). </p><p>In September 1896, reference to the English edition was dropped and it was published as the <i>Fourteenth Edition</i>, edited by Bern B. Gallaudet, F. J. Brockway, and J. P. McMurrich, who also edited the <i>Fifteenth Edition</i> (October 1901). There is also an edition dated 1896 which does still reference the English edition stating it is "A New Edition, Thoroughly Revised by American Authorities, from the thirteenth English Edition" and edited by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pickering_Pick" title="Thomas Pickering Pick">T. Pickering Pick</a>, F.R.C.S. and published by Lea Brothers & Co., Philadelphia and New York.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Sixteenth Edition</i> (October 1905) was edited by J. C. DaCosta, and the <i>Seventeenth</i> (September 1908) by DaCosta and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Anthony_Spitzka" title="Edward Anthony Spitzka">E. A. Spitzka</a>. Spitzka edited the <i>Eighteenth</i> (Oct. 1910) and <i>Nineteenth</i> (July 1913) editions, and in October 1913, R. Howden edited the <i>New American from the Eighteenth English Edition</i>. The "American" editions then continued with consecutive numbering from the Twentieth onwards, with <a href="/wiki/Warren_Harmon_Lewis" title="Warren Harmon Lewis">W. H. Lewis</a> editing the 20th (September. 1918), 21st (August 1924), 22nd (August 1930), 23rd (July 1936), and 24th (May 1942). Charles Mayo Goss edited the 25th (August 1948), 26th (July 1954), 27th (August 1959), 28th (August 1966), and 29th (January 1973). Carmine D. Clemente edited and extensively revised the 30th edition (October 1984).<sup id="cite_ref-GraysAnatomy30thAmerican_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GraysAnatomy30thAmerican-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the sale of Lea & Febiger in 1990, the 30th edition was the last American Edition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discrepancies_in_numbering_of_American_and_British_editions">Discrepancies in numbering of American and British editions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gray%27s_Anatomy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Discrepancies in numbering of American and British editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sometimes separate editing efforts with mismatches between British and American edition numbering led to the existence, for many years, of two main "flavours" or "branches" of <i>Gray's Anatomy</i>: the U.S. and the British one. This can easily cause misunderstandings and confusion, especially when quoting from or trying to purchase a certain edition. For example, a comparison of publishing histories shows that the American numbering kept roughly apace with the British up until the 16th editions in 1905, with the American editions either acknowledging the English edition, or simply matching the numbering in the 14th, 15th and 16th editions. Then the American numbering crept ahead, with the 17th American edition published in 1908, while the 17th British edition was published in 1909. This increased to a three-year gap for the 18th and 19th editions, leading to the 1913 publication of the <i>New American from the Eighteenth English</i>, which brought the numbering back into line. Both 20th editions were then published in the same year (1918). Thereafter, it was the British numbering that pushed ahead, with the 21st British edition in 1920, and the 21st American edition in 1924. This discrepancy continued to increase, so that the 30th British edition was published in 1949, while the 30th and last American edition was published in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-GraysAnatomy35thBritish_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GraysAnatomy35thBritish-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GraysAnatomy30thAmericanvii_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GraysAnatomy30thAmericanvii-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Currently_available_editions">Currently available editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gray%27s_Anatomy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Currently available editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray190.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Gray190.png/170px-Gray190.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Gray190.png/255px-Gray190.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Gray190.png/340px-Gray190.png 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>An illustration from the American 1918 edition</figcaption></figure> <p>The current editions also contain <a href="/wiki/Histology" title="Histology">histology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">embryology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">pathology</a> subjects that complements <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomical</a> knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-Elsevier_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elsevier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newest edition is the 42nd edition. The more popular<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Why is it more popular? Is this opinion or fact? (May 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> 41st edition of <i>Gray's Anatomy</i> was published on 25 September 2015 by <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> in both print and online versions, and is the first edition to have enhanced online content including anatomical videos and a bonus <i>Gray's</i> imaging library. The 41st edition also has 24 specially invited online commentaries on contemporary anatomical topics such as advances in <a href="/wiki/Electron_microscope" title="Electron microscope">electron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fluorescence_microscope" title="Fluorescence microscope">fluorescent microscopy</a>; the neurovascular bundles of the <a href="/wiki/Prostate" title="Prostate">prostate</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stem_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem cells">stem cells</a> in <a href="/wiki/Regenerative_medicine" title="Regenerative medicine">regenerative medicine</a>; the anatomy of facial aging; and technical aspects and applications of <a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_Radiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Diagnostic Radiology">diagnostic radiology</a>. </p><p>The senior editor of this book and accompanying website on ExpertConsult<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is Professor <a href="/wiki/Susan_Standring" title="Susan Standring">Susan Standring</a>, who is <a href="/wiki/Emeritus_Professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeritus Professor">Emeritus Professor</a> of Anatomy at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Elsevier_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elsevier-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three most recent editions differ from all previous editions in an important aspect: they present anatomical structures by their <a href="/wiki/Regional_anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional anatomy">regional anatomy</a> (i.e., ordered according to what part of the body the structures are located in – e.g. the anatomy of the bones, blood vessels and nerves, etc. of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_limb" title="Upper limb">upper extremity</a> is described in one place). All editions of <i>Gray's Anatomy</i> previous to the 39th were organized by <a href="/wiki/Systemic_anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic anatomy">systemic anatomy</a> (i.e., there were separate sections for the body's entire <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeletal system">skeletal system</a>, entire <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">circulatory system</a> and entire <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a>, etc.). The editors of the 39th edition acknowledged the validity of both approaches but switched to regional anatomy by popular demand.<sup id="cite_ref-Grays39eIntroduction_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grays39eIntroduction-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Older, out-of-copyright editions of the book continue to be reprinted and sold, particularly on the internet. However it is not always clear which (British or American) edition these books are republications of. Many seem to be <a href="/wiki/Reprint" title="Reprint">reprints</a> of the 1901 (probably U.S.) edition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Additionally, there are several sites where various older versions can be read online.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry Gray wrote <i>Gray's Anatomy</i> with a readership of <a href="/wiki/Medical_student" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical student">medical students</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physicians</a> in mind, especially <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgeons</a>. For many decades however, precisely because Gray's textbook became such a classic, successive editors made major efforts to preserve its position as possibly the most authoritative text on the subject in English. Toward this end, a long-term strategy appears to have been to make each edition come close to containing a <i>fully comprehensive</i> account of the anatomical medical understanding available at the time of publication.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The explosion of medical knowledge in the 20th century led to a vast expansion of the book, which threatened to collapse under its own weight metaphorically and physically. From the 35th edition onward, increased efforts were made to reverse this trend and keep the book readable by students. Nevertheless, the 38th edition contained 2,092 pages in large format<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – the highest page count of any and an increase from the 35th edition, which had 1,471 pages.<sup id="cite_ref-35thEdDescription_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35thEdDescription-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 41st edition has 1,584 pages. Newer editions of <i>Gray's Anatomy</i> – and even several recent older ones – are still considered to be the most comprehensive and detailed textbooks on the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite previous efforts to keep <i>Gray's Anatomy</i> readable by students, when the 39th edition was published, students were identified as a secondary market for the book,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and companion publications such as <i><a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy_for_Students" title="Gray's Anatomy for Students">Gray's Anatomy for Students</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Gray's Atlas of Anatomy</i> and <i>Gray's Anatomy Review</i> have also been published in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_influence">Cultural influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gray%27s_Anatomy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultural influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tom_Sawyer" title="The Adventures of Tom Sawyer">The Adventures of Tom Sawyer</a></i>, the book that Tom catches <a href="/wiki/Becky_Thatcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Becky Thatcher">Becky Thatcher</a> reading, and from which she tears a page, is implied to be <i>Gray's Anatomy</i>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Bette_Bao_Lord" title="Bette Bao Lord">Bette Bao Lord</a>'s 1984 book "<a href="/wiki/In_the_Year_of_the_Boar_and_Jackie_Robinson" title="In the Year of the Boar and Jackie Robinson">In the Year of the Boar and Jackie Robinson</a>", Shirley Temple Wong and her new friend Emily secretly look at the "naked people" in <i>Gray's Anatomy</i>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Nina_Bawden" title="Nina Bawden">Nina Bawden</a>'s 1973 book, <a href="/wiki/Carrie%27s_War" title="Carrie's War">Carrie's War</a>, Albert Sandwich reads up on skull anatomy at Druid's Bottom from "Gray's Anatomy".</li> <li>Early in the 1970 <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> film <i>Malathi</i>, medical students <a href="/wiki/Gemini_Ganesan" title="Gemini Ganesan">Gemini Ganesan</a> and <a href="/wiki/B._Saroja_Devi" title="B. Saroja Devi">B. Saroja Devi</a> try to obtain the 28th edition of <i>Gray's Anatomy</i> from an old book shop.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Basquiat" title="Jean-Michel Basquiat">Jean-Michel Basquiat</a>'s art was inspired by the book's illustrations since it was read by him many times when he was a child, especially when recovering from an accident he suffered.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the 1980 <i><a href="/wiki/Little_House_on_the_Prairie_(TV_series)" title="Little House on the Prairie (TV series)">Little House on the Prairie</a></i> episode "Laura Ingalls Wilder Part 1", Mrs. Harriet Oleson (<a href="/wiki/Katherine_MacGregor" title="Katherine MacGregor">Katherine MacGregor</a>) is seen reading <i>Gray's Anatomy</i> in a perturbed manner.</li> <li>In the 1991 movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Addams_Family_(1991_film)" title="The Addams Family (1991 film)">The Addams Family</a></i>, Granny (<a href="/wiki/Judith_Malina" title="Judith Malina">Judith Malina</a>) reads <i>Gray's Anatomy</i> while Gomez (<a href="/wiki/Raul_Julia" title="Raul Julia">Raul Julia</a>) is playing with his train sets.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Diana_Gabaldon" title="Diana Gabaldon">Diana Gabaldon</a>'s 1994 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_(novel)" title="Voyager (novel)">Voyager</a></i>, Claire Fraser references a description of maxillary muscles in <i>Gray's Anatomy.</i></li> <li>The 1996 <a href="/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh" title="Steven Soderbergh">Steven Soderbergh</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy_(film)" title="Gray's Anatomy (film)">Gray's Anatomy</a></i>, featuring monologuist <a href="/wiki/Spalding_Gray" title="Spalding Gray">Spalding Gray</a>, also takes its name from the title of the book, as does <i>Gray's Anatomy: Selected Writings</i>, a 2009 book by British political philosopher <a href="/wiki/John_N._Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="John N. Gray">John N. Gray</a>.</li> <li>In the 1998 <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Voyager" title="Star Trek: Voyager">Star Trek: Voyager</a></i> episode "<a href="/wiki/Message_in_a_Bottle_(Star_Trek:_Voyager)" title="Message in a Bottle (Star Trek: Voyager)">Message in a Bottle</a>", the new <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Medical_Hologram" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency Medical Hologram">Emergency Medical Hologram</a> designed by Ensign Kim begins reciting the contents of <i>Gray's Anatomy</i> when activated, beginning with a description of the <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cell</a>.</li> <li>The American <a href="/wiki/Medical_drama" title="Medical drama">medical drama</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Grey%27s_Anatomy" title="Grey's Anatomy">Grey's Anatomy</a></i> (2005–present) is a <a href="/wiki/Play_on_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Play on words">play on words</a> referring to both the textbook and the name of the series' lead character, Meredith Grey.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The name of Jim Leonard Jr.'s 2006 play <i><a href="/wiki/Anatomy_of_Gray" title="Anatomy of Gray">Anatomy of Gray</a></i>, which centers on a doctor visiting a small town in Indiana in 1880, takes its title as a play on <i>Gray's Anatomy</i>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Dan_Brown" title="Dan Brown">Dan Brown</a>'s 2013 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Brown_novel)" title="Inferno (Brown novel)">Inferno</a></i>, Sienna Brooks, as a child, reads all 1,600 pages of <i>Gray's Anatomy</i> in ten days.</li> <li>In the ABC television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Doctor_(American_TV_series)" title="The Good Doctor (American TV series)">The Good Doctor</a></i> (2017–2024), the lead character, Dr. Shaun Murphy, an <a href="/wiki/Savant_syndrome" title="Savant syndrome">autistic savant</a>, often visualizes illustrations from <i>Gray's Anatomy</i> as he mentally diagnoses a patient's condition.</li> <li>In the series <i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i> (season 2, episode 2), Willow found the book in the locker of a student who is suspected of digging up a body in a graveyard.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gray%27s_Anatomy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This count excludes the previously mentioned 1859 US publication of the English first edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Written by Richard L. Drake, Wayne Vogl and Adam W. M. Mitchell</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gray%27s_Anatomy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Elsevier-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Elsevier_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elsevier_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elsevier_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStandring" class="citation cs2">Standring, Susan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uk.elsevierhealth.com/grays-anatomy-9780702077050.html"><i>Gray's Anatomy</i></a> (42nd ed.), Elsevier</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+Anatomy&rft.edition=42nd&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.aulast=Standring&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uk.elsevierhealth.com%2Fgrays-anatomy-9780702077050.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGray%27s+Anatomy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray1858-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gray1858_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray,_HenryCarter,_Henry_Vandyke1858" class="citation cs2">Gray, Henry; Carter, Henry Vandyke (1858), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anatomydescript09graygoog#page/n7/mode/2up"><i>Anatomy Descriptive and Surgical</i></a>, London: John W. Parker and Son<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+Descriptive+and+Surgical&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+W.+Parker+and+Son&rft.date=1858&rft.au=Gray%2C+Henry&rft.au=Carter%2C+Henry+Vandyke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fanatomydescript09graygoog%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGray%27s+Anatomy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richardson2005-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Richardson2005_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson,_Ruth2005" class="citation cs2">Richardson, Ruth (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graysanatomyonline.com/content/0443066760/suppfiles/HistoricalIntro.pdf">"A Historical Introduction to <i>Gray's Anatomy</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, in Susan Standring (ed.), <i>Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice</i> (39th (electronic version) ed.), Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingston, p. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Historical+Introduction+to+Gray%27s+Anatomy&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+Anatomy%3A+The+Anatomical+Basis+of+Clinical+Practice&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=4&rft.edition=39th+%28electronic+version%29&rft.pub=Elsevier+Churchill+Livingston&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Ruth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graysanatomyonline.com%2Fcontent%2F0443066760%2Fsuppfiles%2FHistoricalIntro.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGray%27s+Anatomy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USedition1859-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USedition1859_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray,_HenryCarter,_H.V.1859" class="citation cs2">Gray, Henry; Carter, H.V. (1859), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/06220300R"><i>Anatomy, descriptive and surgical</i></a>, Philadelphia: Blanchard and Lea<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy%2C+descriptive+and+surgical&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Blanchard+and+Lea&rft.date=1859&rft.au=Gray%2C+Henry&rft.au=Carter%2C+H.V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresource.nlm.nih.gov%2F06220300R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGray%27s+Anatomy" class="Z3988"></span>(Per <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine">National Library of Medicine</a> holdings). This is not the 'American' edition. American rights had yet to be purchased. It is an American publication of the English edition. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore2008-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2008_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2008_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore,_Wendy2008" class="citation cs2">Moore, Wendy (30 March 2008), <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1583282/Grays-Anatomy-celebrates-150th-anniversary.html">"Gray's Anatomy celebrates 150th anniversary"</a></span>, <i>The Telegraph</i>, <a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Media_Group" title="Telegraph Media Group">Telegraph Media Group</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1583282/Grays-Anatomy-celebrates-150th-anniversary.html">archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Gray%27s+Anatomy+celebrates+150th+anniversary&rft.date=2008-03-30&rft.au=Moore%2C+Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1583282%2FGrays-Anatomy-celebrates-150th-anniversary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGray%27s+Anatomy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BriefHistoryGrays-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BriefHistoryGrays_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coursewareobjects.com/marketing/standringtimeline.pdf"><i>A brief history of </i>Gray's Anatomy<i><span></span></i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, ElsevierHealth<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+brief+history+of+Gray%27s+Anatomy&rft.pub=ElsevierHealth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coursewareobjects.com%2Fmarketing%2Fstandringtimeline.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGray%27s+Anatomy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoynter,_F._N._L.1958" class="citation journal cs1">Poynter, F. N. L. 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"Introduction". Penguin. Google Books. Retrieved 15 January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horbury, Alison (28 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vJdMCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT172&q=HenryGray%2CGray'sAnatomy%2CMeredithgrey"><i>Post-feminist Impasses in Popular Heroine Television: The Persephone Complex</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>. Retrieved 15 January 2018.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gray%27s_Anatomy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray,_Henry1858" class="citation cs2">Gray, Henry (1858), <i>Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical</i>, London: John W. Parker and Son, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24780759M">24780759M</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy%3A+Descriptive+and+Surgical&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+W.+Parker+and+Son&rft.date=1858&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL24780759M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.au=Gray%2C+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGray%27s+Anatomy" class="Z3988"></span> Online- and PDF versions of the 1st edition at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a>/<a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. Several other editions are also available at this site.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice</i> (40th ed.), Churchill-Livingstone, Elsevier, 2008, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-443-06684-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-443-06684-9"><bdi>978-0-443-06684-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+Anatomy%3A+The+Anatomical+Basis+of+Clinical+Practice&rft.edition=40th&rft.pub=Churchill-Livingstone%2C+Elsevier&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-443-06684-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGray%27s+Anatomy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson,_Ruth2005" class="citation cs2">Richardson, Ruth (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graysanatomyonline.com/content/0443066760/suppfiles/HistoricalIntro.pdf">"A Historical Introduction to Gray's Anatomy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, in Susan Standring (ed.), <i>Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice</i> (39th (electronic version) ed.), Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingston<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2011</span>,</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Historical+Introduction+to+Gray%27s+Anatomy&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+Anatomy%3A+The+Anatomical+Basis+of+Clinical+Practice&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.edition=39th+%28electronic+version%29&rft.pub=Elsevier+Churchill+Livingston&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Ruth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graysanatomyonline.com%2Fcontent%2F0443066760%2Fsuppfiles%2FHistoricalIntro.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGray%27s+Anatomy" class="Z3988"></span> a brief history of the British Edition of the book.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson,_Ruth2008" class="citation cs2">Richardson, Ruth (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingofmrgraysa00rich"><i>The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955299-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955299-3"><bdi>978-0-19-955299-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Mr.+Gray%27s+Anatomy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-955299-3&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingofmrgraysa00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGray%27s+Anatomy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes,_Bill2007" class="citation cs2">Hayes, Bill (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anatomisttruesto00haye"><i>The Anatomist: A True story of Gray's Anatomy</i></a>, Ballantine, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-45689-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-45689-2"><bdi>978-0-345-45689-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anatomist%3A+A+True+story+of+Gray%27s+Anatomy&rft.pub=Ballantine&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-345-45689-2&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanatomisttruesto00haye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGray%27s+Anatomy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gray%27s_Anatomy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="http://www.bartleby.com/107/">Online version of <i>Gray's Anatomy</i></a> – The complete 20th U.S. edition of Gray's <i>Anatomy of the Human Body</i>, published in 1918.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/group/535"><i>Anatomy of the Human Body, 20th US Edition (1918)</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24780759M/Anatomy_descriptive_and_surgical">First edition of <i>Gray's Anatomy</i></a>, 1858 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/anatomydescripti1858gray/anatomydescripti1858gray.pdf">direct PDF link</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04gvbdt"><i>Gray's Anatomy</i></a>. 2014. 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