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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>定義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工程的分支" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工程的分支"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>工程的分支</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-工程的分支-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关工程的分支子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-工程的分支-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-工程領域列表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工程領域列表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>工程領域列表</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工程領域列表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工程學分支列表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工程學分支列表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>工程學分支列表</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工程學分支列表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工程学方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工程学方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>工程学方法</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-工程学方法-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关工程学方法子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-工程学方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-解决问题" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#解决问题"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>解决问题</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-解决问题-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電腦的應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電腦的應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>電腦的應用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電腦的應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-与其它专业的比较" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#与其它专业的比较"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>与其它专业的比较</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-与其它专业的比较-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-限制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#限制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>限制</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-限制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">工程学</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。165种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-165" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">165种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieurswese" title="Ingenieurswese – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ingenieurswese" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieurwissenschaften" title="Ingenieurwissenschaften – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ingenieurwissenschaften" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%80%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B2%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5" title="መሀንዲስነት – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መሀንዲስነት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inchenier%C3%ADa" title="Incheniería – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Incheniería" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="अभियांत्रिकी – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अभियांत्रिकी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9" title="هندسة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هندسة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%87" title="هندسه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هندسه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="অভিযান্ত্ৰিক বিদ্যা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অভিযান্ত্ৰিক বিদ্যা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inxenier%C3%ADa" title="Inxeniería – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Inxeniería" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="अभियान्त्रिकी – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अभियान्त्रिकी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCh%C9%99ndislik" title="Mühəndislik – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mühəndislik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="موهندیسلیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موهندیسلیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D1%8D%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Инженерлыҡ эше – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Инженерлыҡ эше" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieurwesn" title="Ingenieurwesn – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ingenieurwesn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BE%C4%97ner%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Inžėnerėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Inžėnerėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriya" title="Inhenyeriya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Inhenyeriya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Інжынерная справа – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інжынерная справа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Інжынэрная справа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Інжынэрная справа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rancang_peranti" title="Rancang peranti – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Rancang peranti" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Инженерна наука – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Инженерна наука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B2" title="প্রকৌশল – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রকৌশল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="བཟོ་སྐྲུན་རིག་པ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བཟོ་སྐྲུན་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B2" title="প্রকৌশল – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="প্রকৌশল" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijinerezh" title="Ijinerezh – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ijinerezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenjerstvo" title="Inženjerstvo – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Inženjerstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginyeria" title="Enginyeria – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enginyeria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85" title="Инженеран гӀуллакх – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Инженеран гӀуллакх" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriya" title="Inhenyeriya – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inhenyeriya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ئەندازیاری – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەندازیاری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEen%C3%BDrstv%C3%AD" title="Inženýrství – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Inženýrství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peirianneg" title="Peirianneg – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Peirianneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeni%C3%B8rvidenskab" title="Ingeniørvidenskab – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ingeniørvidenskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieurwissenschaften" title="Ingenieurwissenschaften – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ingenieurwissenschaften" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1hendis" title="Mıhendis – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mıhendis" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Επιστήμες μηχανικών – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επιστήμες μηχανικών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insnier%C3%ACa" title="Insnierìa – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Insnierìa" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Engineering" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C4%9Denierarto" title="Inĝenierarto – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Inĝenierarto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenier%C3%ADa" title="Ingeniería – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ingeniería" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inseneriteadused" title="Inseneriteadused – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inseneriteadused" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeniaritza" title="Ingeniaritza – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingeniaritza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engenieria" title="Engenieria – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Engenieria" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="مهندسی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهندسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekniset_tieteet" title="Tekniset tieteet – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tekniset tieteet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nierie" title="Ingénierie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ingénierie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inzegnerie" title="Inzegnerie – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Inzegnerie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innealt%C3%B3ireacht" title="Innealtóireacht – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Innealtóireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%B8" title="工學 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="工學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enj%C3%A9ny%C3%A9ri" title="Enjényéri – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Enjényéri" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innleadaireachd" title="Innleadaireachd – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Innleadaireachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enxe%C3%B1ar%C3%ADa" title="Enxeñaría – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enxeñaría" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80" title="ઇજનેરી – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઇજનેરી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeshaghteyrys" title="Jeshaghteyrys – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Jeshaghteyrys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injinia." title="Injinia. – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Injinia." data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BBng-chh%C3%A0ng-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Kûng-chhàng-ho̍k – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kûng-chhàng-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBenehana" title="ʻenehana – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻenehana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%94" title="הנדסה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנדסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="अभियान्त्रिकी – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अभियान्त्रिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Engineering" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenjerstvo" title="Inženjerstvo – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Inženjerstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjenyeri" title="Enjenyeri – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Enjenyeri" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9rn%C3%B6ki_tudom%C3%A1ny" title="Mérnöki tudomány – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mérnöki tudomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ճարտարագիտություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ճարտարագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieria" title="Ingenieria – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ingenieria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injinir_(bidang)" title="Injinir (bidang) – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Injinir (bidang)" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perekayasaan" title="Perekayasaan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perekayasaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenierie" title="Ingenierie – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ingenierie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenieria" title="Inhenieria – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Inhenieria" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injeniorarto" title="Injeniorarto – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Injeniorarto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Verkfræði – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Verkfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingegneria" title="Ingegneria – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ingegneria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6" title="工学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="工学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injinierin" title="Injinierin – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Injinierin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8knik" title="Tèknik – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tèknik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="საინჟინრო მეცნიერება – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საინჟინრო მეცნიერება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injiniarini" title="Injiniarini – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Injiniarini" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Инжиниринг – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Инжиниринг" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeni%C3%B8rilerineq" title="Ingeniørilerineq – 格陵兰语" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Ingeniørilerineq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="格陵兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98" title="វិស្វកម្ម – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វិស្វកម្ម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರಿಂಗ್‌ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರಿಂಗ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" title="공학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%90%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%86%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%90%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%AF" title="اِنٛجیٖنَرِنٛگ – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِنٛجیٖنَرِنٛگ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endezyar%C3%AE" title="Endezyarî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Endezyarî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynjynorieth" title="Ynjynorieth – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ynjynorieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_ingeniaria" title="Ars ingeniaria – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ars ingeniaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjenyeriya" title="Enjenyeriya – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Enjenyeriya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injenia" title="Injenia – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Injenia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inzegnaja_(universcit%C3%A6)" title="Inzegnaja (universcitæ) – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Inzegnaja (universcitæ)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injegneria" title="Injegneria – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Injegneria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B3" title="ວິສະວະກຳ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ວິສະວະກຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEinerija" title="Inžinerija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Inžinerija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenierija" title="Inženierija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Inženierija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अभियांत्रिकी शास्त्र – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अभियांत्रिकी शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injenieria" title="Injenieria – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Injenieria" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Инженерство – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Инженерство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="എൻജിനീയറിങ്ങ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എൻജിനീയറിങ്ങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Инженерийн шинжлэх ухаан – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Инженерийн шинжлэх ухаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="अभियांत्रिकी – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अभियांत्रिकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejuruteraan" title="Kejuruteraan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kejuruteraan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angenharie" title="Angenharie – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Angenharie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="အင်ဂျင်နီယာ နည်းပညာ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်ဂျင်နီယာ နည်းပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Ngegner%C3%ACa" title="'Ngegnerìa – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="'Ngegnerìa" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="इन्जिनियरिङ – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इन्जिनियरिङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="इञ्जिनियरिङ्ग – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इञ्जिनियरिङ्ग" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Engineering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeni%C3%B8rvitskap" title="Ingeniørvitskap – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ingeniørvitskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeni%C3%B8rvitenskap" title="Ingeniørvitenskap – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ingeniørvitenskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injenieria" title="Injenieria – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Injenieria" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Engenhariá" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injineriingii" title="Injineriingii – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Injineriingii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%88%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ବୈଷୟିକ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବୈଷୟିକ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਇੰਜਨੀਅਰਿੰਗ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇੰਜਨੀਅਰਿੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghenier%C3%ADa" title="Ingheniería – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ingheniería" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BCynieria" title="Inżynieria – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Inżynieria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF" title="انجینرنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انجینرنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="انجينري – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انجينري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engenharia" title="Engenharia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Engenharia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27illikachay" title="K'illikachay – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'illikachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inginerie" title="Inginerie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Inginerie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Инженерное дело – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инженерное дело" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%97%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D2%91" title="Інджінїрінґ – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Інджінїрінґ" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="यन्त्रशास्त्रम् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="यन्त्रशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Инженерия – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Инженерия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieria" title="Ingenieria – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ingenieria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ncignir%C3%ACa" title="Ncignirìa – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ncignirìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingineerin" title="Ingineerin – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ingineerin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%B1%DA%B1" title="انجنيئرڱ – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انجنيئرڱ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenjerstvo" title="Inženjerstvo – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Inženjerstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Engineering" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEinierstvo" title="Inžinierstvo – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Inžinierstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenirstvo" title="Inženirstvo – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Inženirstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Inisinia" title="'Inisinia – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="'Inisinia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inxhinieria" title="Inxhinieria – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Inxhinieria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Инжењерство – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Инжењерство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9kayasa" title="Rékayasa – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rékayasa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenj%C3%B6rsvetenskap" title="Ingenjörsvetenskap – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ingenjörsvetenskap" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhandisi" title="Uhandisi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uhandisi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பொறியியல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொறியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರಿಂಗ್ – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರಿಂಗ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇంజనీరింగ్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇంజనీరింగ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enje%C3%B1aria" title="Enjeñaria – 德顿语" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Enjeñaria" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="德顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Муҳандисӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муҳандисӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="วิศวกรรมศาสตร์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิศวกรรมศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9D%E1%88%85%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%93" title="ምህንድስና – 提格利尼亚语" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ምህንድስና" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="提格利尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenerlik" title="Inženerlik – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Inženerlik" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriya" title="Inhenyeriya – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Inhenyeriya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BChendislik" title="Mühendislik – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mühendislik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vunjhiniyera" title="Vunjhiniyera – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vunjhiniyera" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Инженерлык – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Инженерлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AA_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%84%D9%85%D9%89" title="سانائەت ئىلمى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سانائەت ئىلمى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Інженерія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інженерія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A6%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="انجینئری – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انجینئری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhandislik" title="Muhandislik – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muhandislik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginiari_(Engineering)" title="Enginiari (Engineering) – 文达语" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Enginiari (Engineering)" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="文达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzegnaria" title="Enzegnaria – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Enzegnaria" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BB%B9_thu%E1%BA%ADt" title="Kỹ thuật – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kỹ thuật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaenalav" title="Kaenalav – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kaenalav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriya" title="Inhenyeriya – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inhenyeriya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工程学 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="工程学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubunjineli" title="Ubunjineli – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ubunjineli" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אינזשעניריע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינזשעניריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kang-t%C3%AAng-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Kang-têng-ha̍k – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kang-têng-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="工程學 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="工程學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmNgcikisho" title="UmNgcikisho – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmNgcikisho" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11023#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" 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title="量子力学">量子力学</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80" title="量子力學入門">量子力學入門</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="粒子物理學">粒子物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子核物理学">原子核物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分子物理学">分子物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93" title="等离子体">等离子体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="弦理論">弦理論</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E7%A2%B1%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="酸碱理论">酸碱理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="分析化学">分析化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="环境化学">环境化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="无机化学">无机化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="核化学">核化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机化学">有机化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="固体化学">固体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="超分子化學">超分子化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="绿色化学">绿色化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="理论化学">理论化学</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="天体化学">天体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶体">晶体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="食品化學">食品化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="地球化学">地球化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学">材料科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分子物理学">分子物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="光化学">光化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="放射化学">放射化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="立体化学">立体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="表面科学">表面科学</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球科学">地球科学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="环境科学">环境科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6" title="气候学">气候学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="气象学">气象学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋学">海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="水文学">水文学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="湖沼學">湖沼學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%A6" title="冰川学">冰川学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="大地测量学">大地测量学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学">地貌学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学">地质学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8" title="古氣候學">古氣候學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%AD%A6" title="火山学">火山学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="古生態學">古生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A2%E7%B2%89%E5%AD%A6" title="孢粉学">孢粉学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理学</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="自然地理學">自然地理學</a>)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="空间科学">空间科学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學">天文學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="宇宙学">宇宙学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="銀河系天文學">銀河系天文學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="行星科学">行星科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="行星地質學">行星地質學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="恒星">恒星</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;"><div style="background:#ddf;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="生命科學">生命科學</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学">生物学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6" title="解剖学">解剖学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="天體生物學">天體生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物地理学">生物地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物工程学">生物工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物物理学">生物物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物心理学">生物心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="生物技术">生物技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="植物学">植物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="细胞生物学">细胞生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="保育生物學">保育生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E6%B8%A9%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="低温生物学">低温生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="发育生物学">发育生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">生态学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人种生物学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ethnobiology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%8D%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人种生物学（页面不存在）">人种生物学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnobiology" class="extiw" title="en:Ethnobiology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ethnobiology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E5%AD%A6" title="动物行为学">动物行为学</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="演化生物学">演化生物学</a>(<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="进化论入门" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Introduction to evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E8%AE%BA%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="进化论入门（页面不存在）">介绍</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:Introduction to evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Introduction to evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6" title="遗传学">遗传学</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" title="遗传学入门">遗传学入门</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%B8" title="老人學">老人學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%AD%A6" title="免疫学">免疫学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="湖沼學">湖沼學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋生物学">海洋生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="微生物学">微生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="分子生物学">分子生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="神经科学">神经科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="古生物学">古生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E8%99%AB%E5%AD%A6" title="寄生虫学">寄生虫学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生理学">生理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="放射生物學">放射生物學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Soil biology" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil biology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil biology（页面不存在）">土壤生物学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_biology" class="extiw" title="en:Soil biology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil biology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="社會生物學">社會生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="系統分類學">系統分類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="毒理学">毒理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="动物学">动物学</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;"><div style="background:#ddf;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="社会科学">社会科学</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史學">歷史學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="心理学">心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="语言学">语言学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="政治学">政治学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6" title="法学">法学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%AD%B8" title="國際關係學">國際關係學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="经济学">经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="社会学">社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="教育学">教育学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="科學教育">科學教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="犯罪學">犯罪學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="人口学">人口学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="人类学">人类学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学">考古学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理学</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="人文地理学">人文地理学</a>)</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;"><div style="background:#ddf;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="應用科學">應用科學</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">工程学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工业工程学">工业工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%B1%8C%E5%AD%B8" title="運籌學">運籌學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="计算机科学">计算机科学</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="計算機工程">計算機工程</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%A6" title="机器人学">机器人学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="软件工程">软件工程</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Web engineering" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Web engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Web engineering（页面不存在）">互联网工程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Web engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Web engineering</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="机械工程">机械工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航空航天工程">航空航天工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="電機工程學">電機工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="核工程">核工程</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化学工程">化学工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物工程学">生物工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生物医学工程">生物医学工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="基因工程">基因工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="矿业工程">矿业工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="农业工程">农业工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E9%98%B2%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="消防工程">消防工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="軍事工程">軍事工程</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="醫療衛生科學">醫療衛生科學</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学">医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%BD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="兽医学">兽医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="牙醫學">牙醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%97%85%E5%AD%A6" title="流行病学">流行病学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="药学">药学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A4%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="护理学">护理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="視光學">視光學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Midwifery" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Midwifery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midwifery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midwifery（页面不存在）">助产术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwifery" class="extiw" title="en:Midwifery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Midwifery</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;"><div style="background:#ddf;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%99%85%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88" title="科际整合">交叉学科</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E8%AE%BA" title="科学论">科学论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Scientific modelling" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scientific modelling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_modelling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific modelling（页面不存在）">科学建模</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_modelling" class="extiw" title="en:Scientific modelling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scientific modelling</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="统计学">统计学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Systems science" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Systems science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Systems_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systems science（页面不存在）">系统科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_science" class="extiw" title="en:Systems science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Systems science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="认知科学">认知科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="演化心理學">演化心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="神经科学">神经科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="神经工程">神经工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="计算语言学">计算语言学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="网络科学">网络科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="神经信息学">神经信息学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Web science" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Web science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Web science（页面不存在）">互联网科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_science" class="extiw" title="en:Web science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Web science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="数学物理">数学物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="应用物理学">应用物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="复杂系统">复杂系统</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%90%86%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="數理生物學">数学 / 理论生物学</a></span></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" title="生物統計學">生物統計學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生物医学工程">生物医学工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="生物信息学">生物信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E8%AE%BA" title="控制论">控制论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="城市规划">城市规划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="司法科学">司法科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="军事学">军事学</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="环境科学">环境科学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Environmental studies" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental studies（页面不存在）">环境研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental studies</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Environmental social science" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental social science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_social_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental social science（页面不存在）">环境社会科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_social_science" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental social science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental social science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="生物倫理學">生物倫理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="社會生物學">社會生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E5%AD%A6" title="图书馆学">图书馆学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="文化研究">文化研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="符號學">符號學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ethnic studies" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ethnic studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethnic_studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethnic studies（页面不存在）">种族研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Ethnic studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ethnic studies</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%9A" title="林业">林业</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="農學">農學</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;"><div style="background:#ddf;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="科学哲学">科学哲学</a>　<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="科学史">科学史</a></li></ul></div></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="基础科学">基础科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="公众科学">公众科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="边缘科学">边缘科学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Protoscience" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Protoscience"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protoscience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protoscience（页面不存在）">原科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoscience" class="extiw" title="en:Protoscience"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Protoscience</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="伪科学">伪科学</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E8%AA%8D%E5%AE%9A%E6%98%AF%E5%81%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="被認定是偽科學的主題列表">列表</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="学术自由">学术自由</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科学政策" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Science policy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科学政策（页面不存在）">政策</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_policy" class="extiw" title="en:Science policy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Science policy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科研经费" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Funding of science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E7%A0%94%E7%BB%8F%E8%B4%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科研经费（页面不存在）">经费</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funding_of_science" class="extiw" title="en:Funding of science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Funding of science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="科学方法">科学方法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Technoscience" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Technoscience"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technoscience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technoscience（页面不存在）">技科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technoscience" class="extiw" title="en:Technoscience"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Technoscience</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="垃圾科学">垃圾科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="反科學">反科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8F%96%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="被取代的科學理論">被取代的科學理論</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="display:block;margin-top:0.7em; border-top:1px solid #bbf;padding-top:0.15em;border-bottom:1px solid #bbf;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="列表级条目"><img alt="列表级条目" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" 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title="Portal:科學">科學主題</a>　<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:科学">科學分類</a><br /></li></ul> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:科學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:科學"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:科學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dampfturbine_Montage01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dampfturbine_Montage01.jpg/220px-Dampfturbine_Montage01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dampfturbine_Montage01.jpg/330px-Dampfturbine_Montage01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dampfturbine_Montage01.jpg/440px-Dampfturbine_Montage01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1779" data-file-height="2126" /></a><figcaption>進行渦輪機製作的工程人員。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windmills_D1-D4_-_Thornton_Bank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Windmills_D1-D4_-_Thornton_Bank.jpg/220px-Windmills_D1-D4_-_Thornton_Bank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Windmills_D1-D4_-_Thornton_Bank.jpg/330px-Windmills_D1-D4_-_Thornton_Bank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Windmills_D1-D4_-_Thornton_Bank.jpg/440px-Windmills_D1-D4_-_Thornton_Bank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2421" data-file-height="3831" /></a><figcaption>海上<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E5%8A%9B%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="風力發電">風力發電</a>是現代環保工程學。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CFD_Shuttle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/CFD_Shuttle.jpg/220px-CFD_Shuttle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/CFD_Shuttle.jpg/330px-CFD_Shuttle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/CFD_Shuttle.jpg/440px-CFD_Shuttle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%AA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="航太工程">航太工程</a>的風阻測試。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>工程學</b>、<b>工程科學</b>、<b>工學</b>，是通過研究、實踐<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="應用數學">應用數學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="自然科學">自然科學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="社會學">社會學</a>等基礎學科的知識，以達到改良各行業中現有<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料">材料</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="土木">土木</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" class="mw-redirect" title="建築">建築</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="機械">機械</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="電機">電機</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="電子">電子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="電子">電子</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="通訊">通訊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%AA%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="仪器">儀器</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="系統">系統</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>加工步驟的設計、應用方式的學科，而實踐、研究工程學的人稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="工程師">工程師</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="高等教育">高等學府</a>中，將自然科學原理應用至<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="服務業">服務業</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="工業">工業</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="農業">農業</a>等各個生產部門所形成的諸多工程學科也稱為<b>工科</b>、<b>工學</b>。工程學的英文“engineering”一詞來自於<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a><i>ingenium</i>（意為“巧妙”）、<i>ingeniare</i>（意為“設計”）<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美國專業發展工程師會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="American Engineers' Council for Professional Development"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B0%88%E6%A5%AD%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國專業發展工程師會（页面不存在）">美國專業發展工程師會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Engineers%27_Council_for_Professional_Development" class="extiw" title="en:American Engineers' Council for Professional Development"><span lang="en" dir="auto">American Engineers' Council for Professional Development</span></a></span>）</span></span>（ECPD，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美國工程及技術教育認證委員會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%8F%8A%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%89%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國工程及技術教育認證委員會（页面不存在）">美國工程及技術教育認證委員會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accreditation_Board_for_Engineering_and_Technology" class="extiw" title="en:Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology</span></a></span>）</span></span>的前身）<sup id="cite_ref-ABET_History_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABET_History-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>定義工程學為： </p> <blockquote><p>有創意的應用科學定律來設計或發展結構物、機器、裝置、製造程序、或是利用這些定律而產生的作品，或是在完整了解其設計下建構或設計上述的物品、或是在特定運作條件下預測其行為，所有所做的都是為了其預期的機能、運作的經濟性或人員及財產的安全。<sup id="cite_ref-ECPD_Canons_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECPD_Canons-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ECPD_Definition_on_Britannica_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECPD_Definition_on_Britannica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>实践与研究工程学的人叫做<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88" title="工程师">工程师</a>，而有專業執照的會有其他名稱，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="注册工程师">注册工程师</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="工程的分支"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B.E7.9A.84.E5.88.86.E6.94.AF"></span>工程的分支</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：工程的分支"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Symphony_Hall_Birmingham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Symphony_Hall_Birmingham.jpg/250px-Symphony_Hall_Birmingham.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Symphony_Hall_Birmingham.jpg/375px-Symphony_Hall_Birmingham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Symphony_Hall_Birmingham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>現代音樂廳的設計就包括了工程學中許多不同的領域，包括<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聲學工程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Acoustical engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聲學工程（页面不存在）">聲學工程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustical_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Acoustical engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Acoustical engineering</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建筑工程</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg/250px-Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg/375px-Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg/500px-Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" title="胡佛水壩">胡佛水壩</a></figcaption></figure> <p>工程的範圍很廣，一般會分為數個子學科，這些子學科是工程中的不同領域。一開始工程師會訓練在某一個特定的領域，但在其職業生涯中可能還是會接觸其他領域。一般工程學主要可以分為四類<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UK_Council_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UK_Council-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ramchandani2000_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramchandani2000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建築工程</a>（civil engineering）：設計及建造公共設施及個人住屋，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E8%A8%AD%E6%96%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="基礎設施">基礎設施</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="機場">機場</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%A3" title="港口">港口</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF" title="道路">道路</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="鐵路">鐵路</a>、供水及水處理設施等）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水壩">水壩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E6%A8%91" class="mw-redirect" title="橋樑">橋樑</a>及建築物。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="機械工程">機械工程</a>（mechanical engineering）：<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="應用力學">應用力學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="靜力學">靜力學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="動力學">動力學</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="材料力學">材料力學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="熱力學">熱力學</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E9%AB%94%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="流體力學">流體力學</a>等設計機械系統及設備的機械部份，例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="能源">能源</a>系統、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E7%87%83%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="內燃機">內燃機</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E7%B8%AE%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="壓縮機">壓縮機</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="運輸">運輸</a>系統、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%99%A8" title="航空器">航空器</a>、車輛的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E6%80%BB%E6%88%90" title="动力总成">動力總成</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E9%93%BE" title="运动链">運動鏈</a>、真空技術、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BF%E9%9C%87" class="mw-redirect" title="避震">避震</a>系統及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="武器">武器</a>系統。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="電機工程">電機工程</a>（electrical engineering）：設計及研究各種的電子及電機系統，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="電磁學">電磁</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E9%9B%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="機電">機電</a>設備、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="發電機">發電機</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="馬達">馬達</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF" title="電子電路">電子電路</a>、電子設備、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%BA%96" class="mw-redirect" title="光纖">光纖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%9B%BB%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="光電工程">光電設備</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦">電腦</a>系統、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="電信">電信</a>、儀表、控制等。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="化學工程">化學工程</a>（chemical engineering）：應用工程原理、物理學、生物學及化學，以商業規模來實現化學程序，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%89%E6%B2%B9%E5%BB%A0" title="煉油廠">煉油廠</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="微型製造" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="microfabrication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E5%9E%8B%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微型製造（页面不存在）">微型製造</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microfabrication" class="extiw" title="en:microfabrication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">microfabrication</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%85%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="發酵">發酵</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="生物技術">生物分子製造</a>等。</li></ul> <p>此外，也有其他的工程領域，以往的分類有包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="礦業工程">礦業工程</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋工程">海洋工程</a>，現在的分類有會包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="工業工程">工業工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="材料工程">材料工程</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建築工程</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F" class="mw-disambig" title="測量">測量</a>工程、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="製造工程">製造工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航空工程">航空工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航海工程">航海工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="車輛工程">車輛工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="電機工程">電機工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="电子工程">電子工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="通訊工程">通訊工程</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="儀表及控制工程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Instrumentation and control"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%80%E8%A1%A8%E5%8F%8A%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="儀表及控制工程（页面不存在）">儀表及控制工程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation_and_control" class="extiw" title="en:Instrumentation and control"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Instrumentation and control</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="計算機工程">計算機工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="系統工程">系統工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="軟體工程">軟體工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A1%E7%B9%94%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="紡織工業">紡織工程</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="核工程">核工程</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="英國工程委員會">英國工程委員會</a>就包括了上述許多的工程領域。 </p><p>有時一些特別的應用會整合上述傳統的領域，形成一個新的領域，例如<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地球系統工程及管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Earth Systems Engineering and Management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%8F%8A%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球系統工程及管理（页面不存在）">地球系統工程及管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Systems_Engineering_and_Management" class="extiw" title="en:Earth Systems Engineering and Management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Earth Systems Engineering and Management</span></a></span>）</span></span>就包括了<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="哲學">哲學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="伦理学">伦理学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="人類學">人類學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="環境科學">環境科學</a>及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="工程研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Engineering studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工程研究（页面不存在）">工程研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Engineering studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Engineering studies</span></a></span>）</span></span>。一些新的領域會暫時定義為一些已有領域的組合，因此某一特定的應用是否視為一個領域仍有許多灰色地帶，一個主要的指標是主要的大學是否有開設此領域的學系、研究所或學程。 </p><p>上述的領域中有相當的重疊部份，尤其是各領域中應用科學的部份，例如數學、物理及化學等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="工程領域列表"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B.E9.A0.98.E5.9F.9F.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8"></span>工程領域列表</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：工程領域列表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="工程科學">工程科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="系統工程">系統工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="工業工程">工業工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="材料工程">材料工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建築工程</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="环境工程">環境工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="能源工程">能源工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="機械工程">機械工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航空工程">航空工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航海工程">航海工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="電機工程">電機工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="电子工程">電子工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="計算機工程">計算機工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="化學工程">化學工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="生物工程">生物工程</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="工程學分支列表"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B.E5.AD.B8.E5.88.86.E6.94.AF.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8"></span>工程學分支列表</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：工程學分支列表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%B3%BB" title="工程科學系">工程科學系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工业工程学">工業工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="材料工程学">材料工程學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="晶體">晶體</a>工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="陶瓷工程">陶瓷工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="冶金工程">冶金工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="高分子材料">高分子材料工程學</a></li> <li>分子工程學</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="水利工程">水利工程學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋學">海洋工程學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="土木工程學">土木工程學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="都市">都市</a>工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8A%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="土力工程學">土力工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="結構工程學">結構工程學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建築工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="地震工程">地震工程學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-disambig" title="风力">風力</a>工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB" title="防火">防火</a>工程學</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="環境工程學">環境工程學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生態工程">生態工程學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="機械工程學">機械工程學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="力學">力學</a>工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="聲學">聲學</a>工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="热学">熱學</a>工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="電子機械學">電子機械學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="机械电子">機電工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="机电工程">光機電整合工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%89%E5%85%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="載具">載具</a>工程學 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="汽車">汽車</a>工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="航空工程學">航空工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航海工程">航海工程</a>學</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="電機工程學">電機工程學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="控制工程">控制工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="电子工程学">電子工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="自動控制">自動控制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="光學">光學</a>工程學 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%9B%BB%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="光電工程">光電工程</a>學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%85%89%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="电光效应">電光工程學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="通信工程">通信工程學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="Category:廣播工程">廣播工程</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="計算機工程學">計算機工程學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="电脑硬件">硬體</a>工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="軟體工程">軟體工程</a>學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="資訊工程">資訊工程</a>學</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="化學工程學">化學工程學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油">石油</a>工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="石油化學">石油化學</a>工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E6%96%99" title="塑料">塑料</a>工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="造纸">造纸</a>工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="污染物排放控制技术">汙染處理工程學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物工程學">生物工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="应用">應用</a>工程學 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E7%B1%B3%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="奈米科技">奈米工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="食品工程">食品工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="農業工程學">農業工程學</a></li></ul></li> <li>其他工程學 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86" title="工程倫理">工程倫理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E5%9E%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="巨型工程">巨型工程</a></li> <li>加工系統工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="系统工程学">系統工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="礦業工程">礦業工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="能源">能源</a>工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BF%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="仿生學">仿生學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="運輸工程">運輸工程</a>學 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="公路">公路</a>工程學</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="鐵路">鐵路</a>工程學</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%83%BD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="核能工程">核能工程</a>學</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="工程学方法"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B.E5.AD.A6.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>工程学方法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：工程学方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>工程师最关键和独特的任务是发现，理解并结合实际的局限来达到满意的结果。很多情况下，产品不仅仅只需符合技术要求，其他条件也必须满足。这些条件包括材料来源，物理或<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="技术">技术</a>的局限，未来改进的可行性和其他因素，诸如成本，可销售性，可生产性及适用性。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="解决问题"><span id=".E8.A7.A3.E5.86.B3.E9.97.AE.E9.A2.98"></span>解决问题</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：解决问题"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>工程师们应用科学，数学和相应的经验来找到问题的解决办法。他们建立合理的数学模型，对问题进行分析并测试可能的解决方案。可能的解决方案常常有多个，工程师们必须根据它们的本质评价各方案的优劣并选择最能满足要求的最佳方案。折中存在于是各种工程设计的核心之中，最佳设计意味着能达到尽可能多的要求。 </p><p>工程师一般在全面生产过程前，就尝试预测他们的设计如何达到规格。他们使用：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B" title="原型">原型</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="比例模型">比例模型</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="模擬">模拟</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%B4%E5%9D%8F%E6%80%A7%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="破坏性试验（页面不存在）">破坏性试验</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%A0%B4%E5%9D%8F%E6%80%A7%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非破坏性试验（页面不存在）">非破坏性试验</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%BA%E5%BA%A6%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="强度测试（页面不存在）">强度测试</a>。测试保证产品按期望值运行。测试的目的是确保产品能符合预计的要求。工程师作为专业人员会尽量制造符合预计要求的产品，并达到对社会无害。工程师往往需要在设计中考虑安全因素来降低意外的故障。不过，考虑的安全因素越高，设计效率也通常会越低。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電腦的應用"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E8.85.A6.E7.9A.84.E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>電腦的應用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：電腦的應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CFD_Shuttle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/CFD_Shuttle.jpg/225px-CFD_Shuttle.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/CFD_Shuttle.jpg/338px-CFD_Shuttle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/CFD_Shuttle.jpg/450px-CFD_Shuttle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>有關太空船在降落時週圍高速空氣的電腦模擬，這類流場的解需要<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%B3%95" title="有限元素法">有限元素法</a>去分析<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="熱方程式">熱方程式</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%BB%B4-%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="纳维-斯托克斯方程">纳维-斯托克斯方程</a>的效應</figcaption></figure> <p>正如同許多現代的科學及技術一樣，電腦和軟體也在工程中扮演越來越重要的角色，現在有越來越多為工程設計的電腦輔助應用軟體（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電腦輔助科技" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Computer-aided technologies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%BC%94%E5%8A%A9%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電腦輔助科技（页面不存在）">電腦輔助科技</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_technologies" class="extiw" title="en:Computer-aided technologies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Computer-aided technologies</span></a></span>）</span></span>），電腦可以建立基本物理方程的模型，可以用<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="数值方法">數值方法</a>求解。 </p><p>其中一種常被使用的工具是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%BC%94%E5%8A%A9%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦輔助設計">電腦輔助設計</a>（CAD），這類軟體包括<a href="/wiki/CATIA" title="CATIA">CATIA</a>、<a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Inventor" title="Autodesk Inventor">Autodesk Inventor</a>、DSS的 <a href="/wiki/SolidWorks" title="SolidWorks">SolidWorks</a>或是<a href="/wiki/Creo_Parametric" title="Creo Parametric">Creo Parametric</a>，可以讓工程師創造3D模型、2D的工程圖、以及相關設計的簡圖。CAD配合<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="数字化样机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="digital mockup"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E6%A0%B7%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="数字化样机（页面不存在）">数字化样机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/digital_mockup" class="extiw" title="en:digital mockup"><span lang="en" dir="auto">digital mockup</span></a></span>）</span></span>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="计算机辅助工程">计算机辅助工程</a>的軟體（像<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%B3%95" title="有限元素法">有限元素法</a>或<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="解析元素法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="analytic element method"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="解析元素法（页面不存在）">解析元素法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/analytic_element_method" class="extiw" title="en:analytic element method"><span lang="en" dir="auto">analytic element method</span></a></span>）</span></span>）可以讓工程師依設計建立可以分析的模型，而不是製作昂貴且花時間的實體<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B" title="原型">原型</a>。 </p><p>上述軟體可以用來檢查產品及零件的缺點、評估是否有裝配問題、進行<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人因工程（页面不存在）">人因工程</a>的研究、研究產品動態或靜態的特性，像<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E5%8A%9B" title="應力">應力</a>、溫度、產生的電磁波、電流及電壓，數位信號準位、流場分佈及動力學。這類資訊的分佈及存取一般會利用<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="產品資料管理">產品資料管理</a>軟體來整合<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>現在也有許多工具可以協助特定的應用，像產生<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8E%A7%E6%9C%BA%E5%BA%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="数控机床">CNC</a>加工指令的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%BC%94%E5%8A%A9%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦輔助製造">電腦輔助製造</a>（CAM），產品生產會用到的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="製造程序管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="manufacturing process management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="製造程序管理（页面不存在）">製造程序管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/manufacturing_process_management" class="extiw" title="en:manufacturing process management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">manufacturing process management</span></a></span>）</span></span>軟體、電子工程中<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF%E6%9D%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="印刷電路板">印刷電路板</a>設計及繪製<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E8%B7%AF%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="線路圖">線路圖</a>需要的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%8C%96" title="電子設計自動化">電子設計自動化</a>（EDA）軟體，維護工程會用到的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MRO管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maintenance, repair, and operations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRO%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRO管理（页面不存在）">MRO管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintenance,_repair,_and_operations" class="extiw" title="en:Maintenance, repair, and operations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maintenance, repair, and operations</span></a></span>）</span></span>（維護、維修和運營）軟體。 </p><p>近年來利用電腦來協助產品的開發已通稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="產品生命週期">產品生命週期管理</a>（PLM）<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="与其它专业的比较"><span id=".E4.B8.8E.E5.85.B6.E5.AE.83.E4.B8.93.E4.B8.9A.E7.9A.84.E6.AF.94.E8.BE.83"></span>与其它专业的比较</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：与其它专业的比较"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="科学家">科学家</a>经常要问“是什么”“为什麽”，但是科學家的“为什么”往往都能转化成“是什么”，他们关心於了解那些人类尚未確切、完全、詳細了解的知识，满足人类的好奇心；工程师则经常要问“如何做”，利用科学家发现的知识，制造对人类有用的物体或工具。从经济的角度来说，科学家不必关心<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="经济">经济</a>问题，他们想法子获得必要的经费（如政府拨款、企业投资、私人赞助等），然后专心去研究。工程师则相反，他们必须使制造出来的物体，在经济上是可行的，否则没有任何用处。如果一件产品的成本高于其市场价值，使得无人光顾，这种产品就无法生产，所以对工程师来说，经济观念是必备的。例如像科幻小说所描写的“按12个按钮，再拉下三个把手，就可以给面包片抹上奶油”一类的机器，在理论上是完全可以制造出来的，但工程师决不会制造这种机器。从相互包含的角度来说，科学家可能也需要完成某些工程作业（比如设计试验仪器，制造原型），工程师经常也要做研究。从目的的先后顺序来说，可以说科学家为了学习而制造，而工程师为了制造而学习。从工程和科学都要做的研究来说，工程学上的研究与科学研究也有不同之处。它经常涉及到的领域，基本物理化学已经很好的被了解了，而这些问题却很难被精确的解决。工程学的研究便是要寻找可能近似方案。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="限制"><span id=".E9.99.90.E5.88.B6"></span>限制</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：限制"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>某些工程作业，比如设计桥梁、电厂、化工厂，必须被<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="專業工程師">专业工程师</a>所批准。保护公众健康和安全的法律强制专业人员必须提供指导，这些指导是从<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="教育">教育</a>和经验中获得的。 </p><p>即使有了严格的检测和许可证发给，工程灾难还是会发生。因此<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="專業工程師">专业工程师</a>严守<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="伦理学">伦理学</a>标准。每个工程学科和专业组织，都持有伦理学标准，成员发誓遵守维护。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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International Association of Engineers. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2016]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126145541/http://www.iaeng.org/about_IAENG.html">存档</a>于2021-01-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&rft.atitle=About+IAENG&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iaeng.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iaeng.org%2Fabout_IAENG.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABET_History-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABET_History_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150410105109/http://www.abet.org/History/">ABET History</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-02-25</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abet.org/History/">原始内容</a>存档于2015-04-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&rft.btitle=ABET+History&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abet.org%2FHistory%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECPD_Canons-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ECPD_Canons_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/26393909%26referer%3Dbrief_results">Engineers' Council for Professional Development. (1947). Canons of ethics for engineers</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-08-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929123703/http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/26393909%26referer%3Dbrief_results">存档</a>于2007-09-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&rft.btitle=Engineers%27+Council+for+Professional+Development.+%281947%29.+Canons+of+ethics+for+engineers&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcatlibraries.org%2Foclc%2F26393909%2526referer%253Dbrief_results&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECPD_Definition_on_Britannica-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ECPD_Definition_on_Britannica_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9105842/engineering">Engineers' Council for Professional Development definition on Encyclopædia Britannica</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080517101315/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9105842/engineering">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） (Includes Britannica article on Engineering)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?id=Hy9WAAAAMAAJ&q=In+most+universities+it+should+be+possible+to+cover+the+main+branches+of+engineering,+ie+civil,+mechanical,+electrical+and+chemical+engineering+in+this+way.&dq=In+most+universities+it+should+be+possible+to+cover+the+main+branches+of+engineering,+ie+civil,+mechanical,+electrical+and+chemical+engineering+in+this+way.&hl=en&ei=2UkYTff0MZL-ngfesbGMDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA">Journal of the British Nuclear Energy Society: Volume 1 British Nuclear Energy Society - 1962 - Snippet view</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20141006102530/http://books.google.ca/books?id=Hy9WAAAAMAAJ&q=In+most+universities+it+should+be+possible+to+cover+the+main+branches+of+engineering,+ie+civil,+mechanical,+electrical+and+chemical+engineering+in+this+way.&dq=In+most+universities+it+should+be+possible+to+cover+the+main+branches+of+engineering,+ie+civil,+mechanical,+electrical+and+chemical+engineering+in+this+way.&hl=en&ei=2UkYTff0MZL-ngfesbGMDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Quote: In most universities it should be possible to cover the main branches of engineering, i.e. civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineering in this way. More specialised fields of engineering application, of which nuclear power is ...</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UK_Council-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UK_Council_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810194330/http://www.engc.org.uk/documents/Hamilton.pdf">The Engineering Profession</a> by Sir James Hamilton, UK Engineering Council Quote: "The Civilingenior degree encompasses the main branches of engineering civil, mechanical, electrical, chemical." (From the Internet Archive)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramchandani2000-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ramchandani2000_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Indu Ramchandani. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=g37xOBJfersC&pg=PA146">Student's Britannica India,7vol.Set</a>. Popular Prakashan. 2000: 146 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2013]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-85229-761-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-85229-761-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-85229-761-2</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801112452/https://books.google.com/books?id=g37xOBJfersC&pg=PA146">存档</a>于2020-08-01）. <q>BRANCHES There are traditionally four primary engineering disciplines: civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&rft.au=Indu+Ramchandani&rft.btitle=Student%27s+Britannica+India%2C7vol.Set&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-85229-761-2&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg37xOBJfersC%26pg%3DPA146&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/pss/10.1525/hsps.2001.31.2.223">http://www.jstor.org/pss/10.1525/hsps.2001.31.2.223</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bronzino JD, ed., The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, CRC Press, 2006, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8493-2121-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8493-2121-4">978-0-8493-2121-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929162436/http://www.careercornerstone.org/pdf/nuclear/nuceng.pdf">存档副本</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-08-02</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.careercornerstone.org/pdf/nuclear/nuceng.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2011-09-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.careercornerstone.org%2Fpdf%2Fnuclear%2Fnuceng.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Arbe, Katrina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20100908072523/http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2001/05/pdm_not_just_fo.html">PDM: Not Just for the Big Boys Anymore</a>. ThomasNet. 2001-05-07. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2001/05/pdm_not_just_fo.html">原始内容</a>存档于2010年9月8日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&rft.aufirst=Katrina&rft.aulast=Arbe&rft.btitle=PDM%3A+Not+Just+for+the+Big+Boys+Anymore&rft.date=2001-05-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=ThomasNet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.thomasnet.com%2FIMT%2Farchives%2F2001%2F05%2Fpdm_not_just_fo.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Arbe, Katrina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20100909132944/http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2003/05/the_latest_chap.html">The Latest Chapter in CAD Software Evaluation</a>. ThomasNet. 2003-05-22. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2003/05/the_latest_chap.html">原始内容</a>存档于2010年9月9日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&rft.aufirst=Katrina&rft.aulast=Arbe&rft.btitle=The+Latest+Chapter+in+CAD+Software+Evaluation&rft.date=2003-05-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=ThomasNet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.thomasnet.com%2FIMT%2Farchives%2F2003%2F05%2Fthe_latest_chap.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/engineering" class="extiw" title="wikt:engineering">engineering</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/40px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/80px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="維基學院">維基學院</a>中的相關研究或學習資源：<b><a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Engineering" class="extiw" title="v:Engineering">工程学</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD%E5%BD%95" title="维基语录">维基语录</a>上的<b><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Engineering" class="extiw" title="q:Engineering">Engineering语录</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li>National Society of Professional Engineers position statement on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229060701/http://www.nspe.org/GovernmentRelations/TakeAction/PositionStatements/ps_lic_qual_prac.html">Licensure and Qualifications for Practice</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nae.edu/">National Academy of Engineering (NAE)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150719120533/http://www.nae.edu/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041027082520/http://www.asee.org/">American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE)</a></li> <li>The US Library of Congress <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/SciRefGuides/eng-history.html"><i>Engineering in History</i> bibliography</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210310012555/http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/SciRefGuides/eng-history.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080304052058/http://www.tc.umn.edu/~tmisa/biblios/hist_engineering.html">History of engineering bibliography</a> at University of Minnesota</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="Portal:工程">工程主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E5%9E%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="巨型工程">巨型工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD" title="基础设施">基础设施</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="地震工程">地震工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88" title="工程师">工程师</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="注册工程师">注册工程师</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="無國界工程師" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Engineers Without Borders"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E5%9C%8B%E7%95%8C%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無國界工程師（页面不存在）">無國界工程師</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineers_Without_Borders" class="extiw" title="en:Engineers Without Borders"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Engineers Without Borders</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="設計">設計</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="工業設計">工業設計</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="人因工程学">人因工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="工程經濟">工程經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="工程教育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Engineering education"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工程教育（页面不存在）">工程教育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_education" class="extiw" title="en:Engineering education"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Engineering education</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="工程教育研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Engineering education research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工程教育研究（页面不存在）">工程教育研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_education_research" class="extiw" title="en:Engineering education research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Engineering education research</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球工程教育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Global Engineering Education"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球工程教育（页面不存在）">全球工程教育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Engineering_Education" class="extiw" title="en:Global Engineering Education"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Global Engineering Education</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鑑識工程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forensic engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%91%91%E8%AD%98%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鑑識工程（页面不存在）">鑑識工程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Forensic engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forensic engineering</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%BA%90%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6" title="開源硬件">開源硬件</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E5%90%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="逆向工程">逆向工程</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="结构完整性和失效" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Structural integrity and failure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E6%80%A7%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结构完整性和失效（页面不存在）">结构完整性和失效</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_integrity_and_failure" class="extiw" title="en:Structural integrity and failure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Structural integrity and failure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持續工程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持續工程（页面不存在）">可持續工程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable engineering</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="工程中的女性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Women in engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工程中的女性（页面不存在）">工程中的女性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Women in engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Women in engineering</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E6%8A%A5%E5%BA%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="计划报废">計劃報廢</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Engineering_fields" title="Template:Engineering fields"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Engineering_fields" title="Template talk:Engineering fields"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Engineering_fields" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Engineering fields"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="工程学領域" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">工程学</a>領域</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8A%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土力工程">土力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="结构工程">結構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="地震工程">防震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="交通工程">交通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="水利工程">水利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="矿业工程">矿业</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="机械工程">机械工程</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航空航天工程">航太</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="声学工程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Acoustical engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="声学工程（页面不存在）">声学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustical_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Acoustical engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Acoustical engineering</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%84%E9%9F%B3" title="錄音">音频</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E5%85%B7" title="载具">汽車</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航海工程">海洋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" title="机械电子学">机械电子</a>（機電整合）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="铁路工程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Railway engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="铁路工程（页面不存在）">铁路</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Railway engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Railway engineering</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="电子工程">电子工程</a></th><td 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title="廣義相對論">廣義相對論</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">按专业</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="數碼物理學">數碼物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="计算物理学">计算物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="粒子物理學">粒子物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子核物理学">原子核物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%89%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子分子与光物理学">原子分子與光物理學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分子物理学">分子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子物理学">原子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="等离子体物理学">等离子体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="统计力学">统计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E8%81%9A%E6%80%81%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="凝聚态物理学">凝聚态物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="固体物理学">固体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E8%A7%82%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="介观物理学">介观</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="软物质">软</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子物理学">高分子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="声学">声学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="光学">光学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="几何光学">几何</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="物理光学">物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="非线性光学">非线性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="量子光学">量子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="核天体物理学">核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="恒星物理学">恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体粒子物理学">天体粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="太阳物理学">太阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="空间物理学">空间</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">生命科学中的物理学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物物理学">生物物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物力学">生物力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="农业物理学">农业物理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="醫學物理">醫學物理</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="激光医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laser medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="激光医学（页面不存在）">激光医学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Laser medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laser medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="核医学">核医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F" title="醫學影像">醫學影像</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="心理物理学">心理物理学</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%99%85%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88" title="科际整合">交叉学科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="数学物理">数学物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="非线性物理学">非线性物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="經濟物理學">经济物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学">材料科学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子物理学">高分子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化学</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="化学物理学">化学物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="物理宇宙学">物理宇宙学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="大气物理学">大气</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="云物理学">云</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤物理學">土壤物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="物理海洋学">物理海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="量子信息科学">量子信息科学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">有关</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔物理学奖">诺贝尔物理学奖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="物理教育">物理教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:物理学">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:物理学">主題</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Physics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Physics">共享资源</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="WikiProject:物理学">专题</a></b></li></ul> 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class="mw-redirect" title="电化学分析">电化学分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E5%AD%A6" title="光谱学">光谱法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%A4%96%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E5%AD%A6" title="红外光谱学">IR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%9B%BC%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C%E5%AD%B8" title="拉曼光譜學">Raman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96-%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%81%E5%88%86%E5%85%89%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E6%B3%95" title="紫外-可见分光光度法">uv-vis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%B3%A2%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="核磁共振波谱法">NMR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="质谱法">质谱法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E9%9B%A2" title="電子電離">EI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%84%9F%E8%80%A6%E5%90%88%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93%E8%B4%A8%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="电感耦合等离子体质谱法">ICP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%B4%A8%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E8%A7%A3%E5%90%B8/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB" title="基质辅助激光解吸/电离">MALDI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="色谱法">色谱法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E7%9B%B8%E8%89%B2%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="气相色谱法">GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%95%88%E6%B6%B2%E7%9B%B8%E8%89%B2%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="高效液相色谱法">HPLC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E7%A7%92%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="飞秒化学">飞秒化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="晶体学">晶体学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%BE%81_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="表征 (化学)">表征</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="电化学">电化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="热化学">热化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="化学热力学">化学热力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E9%AB%94" title="膠體">胶体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="表面科学">表面科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E5%AD%A6" title="光谱学">光谱学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="结构化学">结构化学</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="晶体学">晶体学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="化学物理学">化学物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="化学动力学">化学动力学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E7%A7%92%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="飞秒化学">飞秒化学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="量子化学">量子化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="光化学">光化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="核化学">核化学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="无机化学">无机化学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="配合物">配位化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="磁化学">磁化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机金属化学">有机金属化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物无机化学">生物无机化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="生物有機金屬化學">生物有機金屬化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%B0%87%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="原子簇化學">原子簇化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="晶体学">晶体学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="固体化学">固体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%A6" title="冶金学">冶金学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学">材料科学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机化学">有机化学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物有机化学">生物有机化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="化學生物學">化學生物學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%AD%A3%E4%BA%A4%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物正交化学">生物正交化学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E5%BA%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="临床化学">临床化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="神經化學">神經化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物物理化学">生物物理化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="分子生物学">分子生物学</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="立体化学">立体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理有机化学">物理有机化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="有机反应">有机反应</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="逆合成分析">逆合成分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="不对称合成">不对称合成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="全合成">全合成</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="半合成">半合成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="药物化学">药物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%8B%92%E7%83%AF%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="富勒烯化学">富勒烯化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子化学">高分子化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="石油化学">石油化学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他化學</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="核化学">核化学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%92%E7%B3%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="錒系化學">錒系化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="放射化学">放射化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="辐射化学">辐射化学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="天体化学">天体化学</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="宇宙化學">宇宙化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="地球化学">地球化学</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="环境化学">环境化学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="大气化学">大气化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="海洋化學">海洋化學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="煤化学">煤化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="石油化学">石油化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="食品化學">食品化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="農業化學">農業化學</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="化学教育">化学教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="法化学">法化学</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="纳米化学">纳米化学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="超分子化學">超分子化學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="化学合成">化学合成</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="绿色化学">绿色化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B9%E5%87%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="点击化学">点击化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="组合化学">组合化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="生物合成">生物合成</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="计算化学">计算化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="理论化学">理论化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="湿化学">湿化学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">参阅</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="化学史">化学史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="化学年表">化学年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="化學元素發現年表">元素发现史</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔化学奖">诺贝尔化学奖</a></li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="中心科學">中心科學</a>”</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="化学反应">化学反应</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96" title="催化">催化</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="化合物">化合物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子">离子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键">化学键</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:化学">化學分類</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:化学">化學主題</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chemistry" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chemistry">共享資源</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="WikiProject:化學">專題</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="材料科学分支" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Template:材料科学分支"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:材料科学分支（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:材料科学分支"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="材料科学分支" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学">材料科学</a>分支</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主要类别</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%A6" title="冶金学">冶金学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="陶瓷工程">陶瓷工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="聚合物科學">聚合物科學</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="聚合物工程">聚合物工程</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">对材料的独立研究</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%BE%81_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="表征 (化学)">表征</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="计算材料科学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Computational materials science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="计算材料科学（页面不存在）">计算材料科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_materials_science" class="extiw" title="en:Computational materials science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Computational materials science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="材料信息学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Materials informatics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="材料信息学（页面不存在）">材料信息学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_informatics" class="extiw" title="en:Materials informatics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Materials informatics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">研究领域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="晶体学">晶体学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="表面科学">表面科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%93%A6%E5%AD%A6" title="摩擦学">摩擦学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" title="微电子学">微电子学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%99%85%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88" title="科际整合">科际整合</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="固体化学">固体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子化学">高分子化学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="矿物学">矿物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="矿业工程">矿业工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="核工程">核工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学">物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E8%81%9A%E6%80%81%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="凝聚态物理学">凝聚态物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子物理学">高分子物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="软物质">软物质</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="固体物理学">固体物理学</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:材料科學">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Materials_science" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Materials science">共享资源</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="生命科學">生命科学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="生命科學和生物学的主要子域" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E9%A1%B5%E8%84%9A" title="Template:生物学页脚"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E9%A1%B5%E8%84%9A" title="Template talk:生物学页脚"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E9%A1%B5%E8%84%9A" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:生物学页脚"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生命科學和生物学的主要子域" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="生命科學">生命科學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学">生物学</a>的主要子域</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6" title="解剖学">解剖学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="天體生物學">天體生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物地理学">生物地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物力学">生物力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物物理学">生物物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="生物信息学">生物信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="生物统计学">生物统计学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="植物学">植物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="细胞生物学">细胞生物学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="细胞微生物学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cellular microbiology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="细胞微生物学（页面不存在）">细胞微生物学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_microbiology" class="extiw" title="en:Cellular microbiology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cellular microbiology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="化學生物學">化學生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="時間生物學">時間生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="保护生物学">保护生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="发育生物学">发育生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%97%85%E5%AD%A6" title="流行病学">流行病学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A7%82%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="表观遗传学">表观遗传学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="演化生物学">演化生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6" title="遗传学">遗传学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%BB%84%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="基因组学">基因组学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%AD%A6" title="组织学">组织学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="人类生物学">人类生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%AD%A6" title="免疫学">免疫学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="地球生物学">地球生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋生物学">海洋生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="生物数学">生物数学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="微生物学">微生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="分子生物学">分子生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="真菌学">真菌学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="今生物学">今生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="神经科学">神经科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB" title="营养">营养学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F" title="自然發生">生命起源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="古生物学">古生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E8%99%AB%E5%AD%A6" title="寄生虫学">寄生虫学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="病理学">病理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="药理学">药理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生理学">生理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="量子生物学">量子生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="社會生物學">社會生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="合成生物学">合成生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="结构生物学">结构生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="系统生物学">系统生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="生物分类法">生物分类学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E5%AD%A6" title="病毒学">病毒学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="病毒物理学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Virophysics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="病毒物理学（页面不存在）">病毒物理学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virophysics" class="extiw" title="en:Virophysics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Virophysics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B8%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%A6" title="畸形学">畸形学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="毒理学">毒理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="动物学">动物学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">参阅</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="生物学史">生物学史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E6%88%96%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔生理学或医学奖">诺贝尔生理学或医学奖</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物学和有机化学的时间轴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of biology and organic chemistry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%BD%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物学和有机化学的时间轴（页面不存在）">生物学和有机化学的时间轴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_biology_and_organic_chemistry" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of biology and organic chemistry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of biology and organic chemistry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球科学">地球科学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地球科学分支" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Template:地球科学分支"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:地球科学分支（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:地球科学分支"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地球科学分支" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球科学">地球科学</a>分支</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="大气科学">大气科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="环境科学">环境科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="大地测量学">大地测量学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学">地质学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%A6" title="冰川学">冰川学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="水文学">水文学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="气象学">气象学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋学">海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="自然地理學">自然地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤科學">土壤科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%AD%A6" title="火山学">火山学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Earth_sciences" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Earth sciences">维基共享</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="天体测量学">天体测量学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="宇宙化學">宇宙化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="宇宙学">宇宙学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="星系天文學">河外天文學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="銀河系天文學">銀河系天文學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="航天动力学">航天动力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="物理宇宙学">物理宇宙学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="行星地質學">行星地質學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="行星科學">行星科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="太陽天文學">太陽天文學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8#恆星天文學" title="天文學">恆星天文學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="物理宇宙学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:物理宇宙学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:物理宇宙学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:物理宇宙学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="物理宇宙学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="物理宇宙学">物理宇宙学</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="宇宙">宇宙</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="大爆炸">大爆炸</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B4%E9%BE%84" title="宇宙的年龄">宇宙的年龄</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="宇宙年表">大爆炸年表</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%9A%84%E7%B5%82%E6%A5%B5%E5%91%BD%E9%81%8B" title="宇宙的終極命運">宇宙的終極命運</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">早期宇宙</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="大爆炸">大爆炸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="普朗克时期">普朗克时期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%80%E7%B5%B1%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="大一統時期">大一統時期</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E6%9A%B4%E8%84%B9" title="宇宙暴脹">暴脹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="夸克時期">夸克時期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%BC%B1%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="電弱時期">電弱時期</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E8%84%B9%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="暴脹時期">暴脹時期</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E6%9A%B4%E8%84%B9#再加熱" title="宇宙暴脹">再加熱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90" title="重子生成">重子生成</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E6%B3%A2%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF" title="重力波背景">宇宙重力波背景輻射</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="強子時期">強子時期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E5%AD%90%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="輕子時期">輕子時期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E9%80%80%E8%80%A6" title="中微子退耦">中微子退耦</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="宇宙中微子背景輻射">中微子背景</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%88%9D%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="太初核合成">太初核合成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E5%90%88_(%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%B8)" title="復合 (宇宙學)">復合</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF" title="宇宙微波背景">宇宙微波背景</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">膨胀宇宙</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%A7%BB" title="紅移">紅移</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8B%83%E2%80%93%E5%8B%92%E6%A2%85%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="哈勃–勒梅特定律">哈伯定律</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BC%AF%E9%AB%94%E7%A9%8D" title="哈伯體積">哈伯體積</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="空间的度规膨胀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Metric expansion of space"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%A6%E8%A7%84%E8%86%A8%E8%83%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空间的度规膨胀（页面不存在）">空间的度规膨胀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_expansion_of_space" class="extiw" title="en:Metric expansion of space"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Metric expansion of space</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="弗里德曼方程">弗里德曼方程</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%BC-%E5%8B%92%E6%A2%85%E7%89%B9-%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E9%80%8A-%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E5%BA%A6%E8%A7%84" title="弗里德曼-勒梅特-罗伯逊-沃尔克度规">弗里德曼-勒梅特-羅伯遜-沃爾克度規</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">结构形成</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E7%8A%B6" title="宇宙的形状">宇宙的形状</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="结构形成" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Structure formation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="結構形成">结构形成</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_formation" class="extiw" title="en:Structure formation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Structure formation</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E9%9B%BB%E9%9B%A2" title="再電離">再電離</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E5%92%8C%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="星系的形成和演化">星系的形成和演化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="大尺度結構">大尺度結構</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E7%8B%80%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="大尺度纖維狀結構">大尺度纖維狀結構</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E7%A7%BB%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%95%B8%E5%8F%98" title="红移空间畸变">红移空间畸变</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">成分</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9BCDM%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="ΛCDM模型">ΛCDM模型</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="暗能量">暗能量</a>（候选：真空能、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="第五元素 (物理學)">第五元素</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恰普雷金气体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chaplygin gas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%B0%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E9%87%91%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恰普雷金气体（页面不存在）">恰普雷金气体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaplygin_gas" class="extiw" title="en:Chaplygin gas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chaplygin gas</span></a></span>）</span></span>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="暗物质">暗物质</a>（候选：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%B1%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="大質量弱相互作用粒子">大質量弱相互作用粒子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="惰性中微子">惰性中微子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%B4%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="轴子">轴子</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恰普雷金气体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chaplygin gas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%B0%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E9%87%91%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恰普雷金气体（页面不存在）">恰普雷金气体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaplygin_gas" class="extiw" title="en:Chaplygin gas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chaplygin gas</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">时间表</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="宇宙學年表">宇宙學年表</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="宇宙年表">大爆炸年表</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A8%E8%83%80%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5" title="膨胀宇宙的未来">膨胀宇宙的未来</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">实验</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="观测宇宙学">观测宇宙学</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/2%E5%BA%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%A0%B4%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B4%85%E7%A7%BB%E5%B7%A1%E5%A4%A9" title="2度視場星系紅移巡天">2度視場星系紅移巡天</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E9%9A%86%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%B7%A1%E5%A4%A9" title="史隆數位巡天">斯隆数字化巡天</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E8%80%85" title="宇宙背景探測者">宇宙背景探測者</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E7%B1%B3%E6%B3%A2%E6%AE%B5%E6%B0%A3%E7%90%83%E8%A7%80%E5%A4%A9%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB" title="毫米波段氣球觀天計畫">毫米波段氣球觀天計畫</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2%E5%90%84%E5%90%91%E5%BC%82%E6%80%A7%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="威尔金森微波各向异性探测器">威爾金森微波各向異性探測器</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="普朗克卫星">普朗克卫星</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/GW150914" title="GW150914">2016年2月引力波探测</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%B7%A1%E5%A4%A9" title="暗能量巡天">暗能量巡天</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="羅曼太空望遠鏡">羅曼太空望遠鏡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E5%8D%83%E7%B1%B3%E9%98%B5" title="平方千米阵">平方千米陣</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%B9%BE%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%97%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐幾里得衛星">歐幾里得衛星</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%9A%84%E7%B5%82%E6%A5%B5%E5%91%BD%E9%81%8B" title="宇宙的終極命運">宇宙的終極命運</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%93%A0%E5%A3%93" title="大擠壓">大擠壓</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%92%95%E8%A3%82" title="大撕裂">大撕裂</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%AF%82" title="热寂">热寂</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%8D%E5%BD%88" title="大反彈">大反彈</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">科学家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="Template:航天"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="Template talk:航天"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:航天"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="航天主题" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="航天">航天</a>主题</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;">综述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="航天动力学">航天动力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%B2" title="航天史">航天史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="航天年表">航天年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%B6%E8%B3%BD" title="太空競賽">太空競賽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%B6%E8%B3%BD" title="亞洲太空競賽">亞洲太空競賽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E7%BA%AA%E5%BD%95%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="航天纪录列表">航天纪录列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="航天相关事故列表">航天事故列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太空政策" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Space policy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空政策（页面不存在）">太空政策</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy" class="extiw" title="en:Space policy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Space policy</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="中华人民共和国航天">中华人民共和国航天工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="欧盟太空计划">欧盟太空计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="印度空间研究组织">印度空间研究组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="宇宙航空研究開發機構">日本宇宙航空研究开发机构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="俄罗斯航天国家集团">俄罗斯航天国家集团</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="苏联太空计划">苏联太空计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="美国太空政策">美国太空政策</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%B3%95" title="太空法">太空法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%B1%82%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="外层空间条约">外层空间条约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A5%E6%95%91%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="营救协定">营救协定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%A9%BA%E7%89%A9%E4%BD%93%E6%89%80%E9%80%A0%E6%88%90%E6%8D%9F%E5%AE%B3%E4%B9%8B%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="外空物体所造成损害之国际责任公约">太空责任公约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%E5%B0%84%E5%85%A5%E5%A4%96%E5%B1%82%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%89%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="关于登记射入外层空间物体的公约">航天器登記公約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="月球协定">月球协定</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0" title="太空作戰">太空作戰</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D" title="太空軍">太空軍</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太空军事化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Militarisation of space"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空军事化（页面不存在）">太空军事化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militarisation_of_space" class="extiw" title="en:Militarisation of space"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Militarisation of space</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="民营航天">商業太空飛行／私人航天器</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="航天"><img alt="航天" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/125px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/188px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/250px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="空间科学">应用</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="空间望远镜">天文学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="地球观测卫星">地球观测</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F" title="卫星影像">影像及地圖制作</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B4%E8%B0%8D%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="间谍卫星">间谍情報</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="氣象衛星">气象及環境監控</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="通訊衛星">卫星通信</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E4%B8%8A%E7%BD%91" title="卫星上网">卫星互联网接入</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卫星无线电" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Satellite radio"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卫星无线电（页面不存在）">卫星无线电</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_radio" class="extiw" title="en:Satellite radio"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Satellite radio</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="卫星电话">卫星电话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86" title="卫星电视">卫星电视</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="卫星导航系统">卫星导航系统</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太空商業用途" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Commercial use of space"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空商業用途（页面不存在）">太空商業用途</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_use_of_space" class="extiw" title="en:Commercial use of space"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Commercial use of space</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太空軍事化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Militarisation of space"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空軍事化（页面不存在）">太空軍事化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militarisation_of_space" class="extiw" title="en:Militarisation of space"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Militarisation of space</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太空建筑学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Space architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空建筑学（页面不存在）">太空建筑学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Space architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Space architecture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2" title="太空探索">太空探索</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太空研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Space research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空研究（页面不存在）">太空研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_research" class="extiw" title="en:Space research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Space research</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="航天技术">航天技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" title="太空天氣">太空天氣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="载人航天">载人航天</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:transparent;">综合</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA%E5%91%98" title="宇航员">宇航员</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="生命保障系统">生命保障系统</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%85%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="進入太空的動物">太空動物</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="航天生物学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bioastronautics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航天生物学（页面不存在）">航天生物学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioastronautics" class="extiw" title="en:Bioastronautics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bioastronautics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%9C%8D" title="航天服">航天服</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B1%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="舱外活动">舱外活动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E8%A7%80%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="總觀效應">總觀效應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E9%87%8D" title="失重">失重</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%B8%E5%AE%A2" title="太空游客">太空游客</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="太空移民">太空移民</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:transparent;">航天计划</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="東方計劃">東方</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="水星计划">水星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%87%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="上升计划">上升</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%A7%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="双子座计划">双子座</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="联盟计划">联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="阿波罗计划">阿波罗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="天空实验室">天空实验室</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97-%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="阿波罗-联盟测试计划">阿波罗-联盟测试</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A2%AD%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="美國太空梭計劃">美國太空梭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B7%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="和平号空间站">和平号空间站</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A2%AD-%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B7%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="太空梭-和平号计划">太空梭-和平号</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="国际空间站">国际空间站</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="中国载人航天工程">中国载人航天工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="中国空间站工程">中国空间站</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%9B%AA%E5%B8%95%E5%BE%B7%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="新雪帕德火箭">新雪帕德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%80%B3%E5%BF%92%E5%BC%A5%E6%96%AF%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="阿耳忒弥斯计划">阿耳忒弥斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:transparent;">健康問題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E8%A1%8C%E5%B0%8D%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF" title="太空航行對人體的影響">太空航行對人體的影響</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="航天适应综合症" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Space adaptation syndrome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航天适应综合症（页面不存在）">航天适应综合症</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_adaptation_syndrome" class="extiw" title="en:Space adaptation syndrome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Space adaptation syndrome</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宇宙射线造成的健康威胁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Health threat from cosmic rays"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E9%80%A0%E6%88%90%E7%9A%84%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宇宙射线造成的健康威胁（页面不存在）">宇宙射线造成的健康威胁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_threat_from_cosmic_rays" class="extiw" title="en:Health threat from cosmic rays"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Health threat from cosmic rays</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太空旅行的心理和社會學效應" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Psychological and sociological effects of spaceflight"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E6%95%88%E6%87%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空旅行的心理和社會學效應（页面不存在）">太空旅行的心理和社會學效應</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_and_sociological_effects_of_spaceflight" class="extiw" title="en:Psychological and sociological effects of spaceflight"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Psychological and sociological effects of spaceflight</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太空生存" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Space and survival"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空生存（页面不存在）">太空生存</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_and_survival" class="extiw" title="en:Space and survival"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Space and survival</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太空醫藥" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Space medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%86%AB%E8%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空醫藥（页面不存在）">太空醫藥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Space medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Space medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太空護理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Space nursing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%AD%B7%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空護理（页面不存在）">太空護理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_nursing" class="extiw" title="en:Space nursing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Space nursing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%99%A8" title="航天器">航天器</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="运载火箭">运载火箭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="火箭">火箭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B1%E6%AE%B5" title="舱段">舱段</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E8%88%B1" title="轨道舱">轨道舱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E%E8%88%B1" title="返回舱">返回舱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E8%BF%9B%E8%88%B1" title="推进舱">推进舱</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F" title="太空飛機">太空飛機</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA" title="航天飞机">航天飞机</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="空间站">空间站</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E4%BA%A4%E6%9C%83" title="空間交會">空間交會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%AF%B9%E6%8E%A5" title="空间对接">空间对接</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B9" title="機器人太空船">機器人太空船</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="人造衛星">人造衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="空间探测器">空间探测器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%80%E9%99%86%E5%99%A8" title="着陆器">着陆器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E8%BB%8A" title="探測車">探測車</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自我複製太空船" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Self-replicating spacecraft"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E8%A4%87%E8%A3%BD%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自我複製太空船（页面不存在）">自我複製太空船</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-replicating_spacecraft" class="extiw" title="en:Self-replicating spacecraft"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Self-replicating spacecraft</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="空间望远镜">空间望远镜</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%99%A8%E6%8E%A8%E8%BF%9B" title="航天器推进">航天器推进</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="火箭发动机">火箭发动机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%95%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%8E%A8%E9%80%B2" title="電動航天推進">電動航天器推進裝置</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%86" title="太阳帆">太阳帆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%8A%A9%E6%8E%A8" title="重力助推">重力助推</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%B7%A5%E8%B4%A8%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%91%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="无工质型发动机">无工质型发动机</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;">发射方式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%9C%BA" title="发射场">航天发射中心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%8F%B0" title="发射台">发射台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E8%B5%B7%E9%A3%9E" title="直接起飞">直接起飞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="宇宙速度">逃逸速度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E8%BD%BD%E5%85%B7" title="一次性发射载具">一次性</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E8%BD%BD%E5%85%B7" title="可复用发射载具">可重複</a>使用發射系統</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="非火箭航天发射">非火箭航天发射</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE%E6%A8%99" title="目標">目的</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C" title="次軌道太空飛行">亚轨道飞行</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="轨道飞行" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Orbital spaceflight"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轨道飞行（页面不存在）">轨道飞行</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_spaceflight" class="extiw" title="en:Orbital spaceflight"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Orbital spaceflight</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BF%83%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" title="地心轨道">地心轨道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" title="地球同步轨道">地球同步轨道</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E8%88%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="行星際航行">行星際航行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C" title="恆星際旅行">恆星際旅行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E9%99%85%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C" title="星系际旅行">星系际旅行</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%9C%B0" title="陆地">陆地</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="飛行控制人員" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flight controller"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%BA%BA%E5%93%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="飛行控制人員（页面不存在）">飛行控制人員</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_controller" class="extiw" title="en:Flight controller"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flight controller</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E7%AB%99" title="衛星地面站">衛星地面站</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="任務控制中心" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mission control center"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="任務控制中心（页面不存在）">任務控制中心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_control_center" class="extiw" title="en:Mission control center"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mission control center</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="Category:航天">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="社会心理学">社會</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6" title="法学">法学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="政治学">政治学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%AD%B8" title="國際關係學">國際關係</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%AD%A6" title="公共行政学">公共行政学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="公共政策">公共政策</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="经济学">经济学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%A7%82%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="微观经济学">微观</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8F%E8%A7%82%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="宏观经济学">宏观</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="社会学">社会学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="犯罪學">犯罪學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="人口学">人口学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E6%9D%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="鄉村社會學">鄉村</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="人类学">人类学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="语言学">语言学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学">考古学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="社會人類學">社會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="文化人类学">文化</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史學">歷史學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="历史的辅助科学">历史的辅助科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B2" title="文化史">文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="经济史">经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="社会历史学">社会</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="人文地理学">人文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="环境地理学">環境</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教学">宗教学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教人类学">人類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教社会学">社會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="宗教心理學">心理</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">跨學科</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="认知科学">认知科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="教育学">教育学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="科学方法">科學研究</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="科学史">歷史</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="科学哲学">科学哲学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="经济哲学">經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="历史哲学">歷史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="心理学哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of psychology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="心理學哲學">心理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_psychology" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of psychology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of psychology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社會科學哲學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of social science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會科學哲學（页面不存在）">社會科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_social_science" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of social science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of social science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E8%88%87%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="科技與社會">科技與社會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="技术史">技术史</a></li> <li>規劃 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土地使用規畫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Land-use planning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%A6%8F%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土地使用規畫（页面不存在）">土地使用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land-use_planning" class="extiw" title="en:Land-use planning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Land-use planning</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="环境规划">環境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="城市规划">都市</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生態政治學">政治生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="政治经济学">政治经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F" title="公共卫生">公共卫生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="区域经济学">区域经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="全球研究">全球研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="全球研究">國際研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="區域研究">區域研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="区域科学">区域科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%AD%B8" title="商學">商學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="社会神经科学">社会神经科学</a></li> <li>環境（<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="環境社會科學">社會科學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="環境研究 (學科)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6_(%E5%AD%B8%E7%A7%91)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環境研究 (學科)（页面不存在）">研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental studies</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="传播学">传播学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社區研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Community studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社區研究（页面不存在）">社區研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Community studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Community studies</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="文化研究">文化研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="發展研究">發展研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="人類生態學">人類生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="信息科学">信息科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="媒體研究">媒體研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="性别研究">性别研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="食品研究">食品研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%87%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%AD%B8" title="人與動物關係學">人與動物關係學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C" title="社會工作">社會工作</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关分類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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title="核技术">核技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A8%E8%83%BD%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="储能技术">儲能技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="石油工程">石油工程</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化学工程">化学工程</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="醫學">醫</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="藥理學">藥</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B7%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="護理學">護理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化学工程">化学工程</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化學技術（页面不存在）">化學技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="化学信息学">化学信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%AA%A2%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化學檢驗（页面不存在）">化學檢驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生化工程">生化工程</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生化技術（页面不存在）">生化技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物化學">生物化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物工程学">生物工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物工程学">生物工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="生物技术">生物技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="生物信息学">生物信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%AA%A2%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物檢驗（页面不存在）">生物檢驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="醫療衛生科學">醫療衛生科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="神经科学">神经科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="纳米医学">纳米医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学">医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="药学">药学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A4%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="护理学">护理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="基因工程">基因工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="组织工程学">组织工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物化工程（页面不存在）">物化工程</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物化技術（页面不存在）">物化技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物理工程學（页面不存在）">物理工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物理技術（页面不存在）">物理技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="材料化学">材料化學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="農業">農業</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="農業工程">農業工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="食品化學">食品化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="食品工程">食品工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="食品技术">食品技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%A2%E9%A4%8A%E6%AE%96" title="水產養殖">水產養殖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="漁業">水產學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="營養學">營養學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="食品微生物學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Food microbiology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食品微生物學（页面不存在）">食品微生物學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_microbiology" class="extiw" title="en:Food microbiology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Food microbiology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遺傳利用限制技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetic use restriction technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遺傳利用限制技術（页面不存在）">遺傳利用限制技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_use_restriction_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Genetic use restriction technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetic use restriction technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="環境科技">環境科技</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="綠色建築">綠色建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源">可再生能源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="永續設計">永續設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="环境工程">環境工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生態工程">生態工程</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="潔淨科技" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clean technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%94%E6%B7%A8%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潔淨科技（页面不存在）">潔淨科技</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Clean technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clean technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生態技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ecotechnology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態技術（页面不存在）">生態技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotechnology" class="extiw" title="en:Ecotechnology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ecotechnology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="環境工程科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental engineering science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環境工程科學（页面不存在）">環境工程科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_engineering_science" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental engineering science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental engineering science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="教育科技">教育技術學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="教育科技">教育技術學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="線上學習">線上學習</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教育軟體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Educational software"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教育軟體（页面不存在）">教育軟體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_software" class="extiw" title="en:Educational software"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Educational software</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="虛擬校園" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Virtual campus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E6%A0%A1%E5%9C%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虛擬校園（页面不存在）">虛擬校園</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_campus" class="extiw" title="en:Virtual campus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Virtual campus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="應用科學">應用科學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="光学工程">光学工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="光學">光學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="聲學">聲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="力學">力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="热学">熱學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="電學">電學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81" title="磁">磁學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="電磁學">電磁學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学">材料科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="纳米技术">纳米技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="微技术">微技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="半導體">半導體物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="環境科學">環境科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学">考古学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="軍事">軍事</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%B8%8E%E8%A3%85%E5%A4%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="军事技术与装备列表">軍事技術</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軍事通信" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military communications"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軍事通信（页面不存在）">軍事通信</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_communications" class="extiw" title="en:Military communications"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military communications</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%88%E8%97%A5" title="彈藥">彈藥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B8%E5%BC%B9" title="炸弹">炸弹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0" title="電子作戰">電子作戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%8F%AF%E5%81%B5%E6%B8%AC%E6%80%A7%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="低可偵測性技術">低可偵測性技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B5" title="工兵">工兵</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%A6" title="机器人学">機器人學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" title="机械电子学">機械電子學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="系统工程">系统工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA%E7%B5%84%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="蛋白質組學">蛋白質組學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="聚合物工程">聚合物工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="系統分類學">系統分類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="金融科技">金融科技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" title="采矿业">采矿业</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">組件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E8%A8%AD%E6%96%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="基礎設施">基礎設施</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="發明">發明</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E6%98%8E%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="发明年表">發明年表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="知識">知識</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="機器">機器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%83%BD" title="技能">技能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%97%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="工藝">工藝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="工具">工具</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="技术史">技术史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史前技术纲要" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of prehistoric technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%BA%B2%E8%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史前技术纲要（页面不存在）">史前技术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of prehistoric technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of prehistoric technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="新石器革命">新石器革命</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古代技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古代技術（页面不存在）">古代技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀技術（页面不存在）">中世紀技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文藝復興技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Renaissance technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文藝復興技術（页面不存在）">文藝復興技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Renaissance technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Renaissance technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第一次工业革命">第一次工业革命</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="噴氣時代" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jet Age"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%99%B4%E6%B0%A3%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="噴氣時代（页面不存在）">噴氣時代</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_Age" class="extiw" title="en:Jet Age"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jet Age</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第二次工业革命">第二次工业革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="數字化革命">第三次工業革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="信息时代">信息时代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第四次工業革命">第四次工業革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB" title="互聯網泡沫">互聯網泡沫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E%E6%80%A7%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0" title="破壞性創新">破壞性創新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="共享經濟">共享經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%A4%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99" title="社交網路服務">社交網路服務</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%9B%B6%E5%94%AE" title="新零售">新零售</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2O" title="O2O">O2O</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">信息技术教育</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="線上學習">線上學習</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF%E8%AF%BE%E5%A0%82" title="大规模开放在线课堂">大规模开放在线课堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E7%A7%91" title="理工科">STEM教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="Category:資訊科技教育">Category:資訊科技教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技術理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theories of technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技術理論（页面不存在）">理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Theories of technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theories of technology</span></a></span>）</span></span><br />和概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技術倫理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ethics of technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技術倫理（页面不存在）">技術倫理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Ethics of technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ethics of technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84" title="技术的社会建构">技术的社会建构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%BD%A2%E5%A1%91" title="技術的社會形塑">技術的社會形塑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%86%B3%E5%AE%9A%E8%AE%BA" title="技术决定论">技术决定论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="技術中立原則">技術中立原則</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="超人类主义">超人类主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%97%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="技术接受模型">技术接受模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB" title="专家统治">专家统治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%A5%87%E7%82%B9" title="技术奇点">技术奇点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%88%90%E7%86%9F%E5%BA%A6%E6%9B%B2%E7%BA%BF" title="技术成熟度曲线">技术成熟度曲线</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技术类别" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q112057532"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%B1%BB%E5%88%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技术类别（页面不存在）">技术类别</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">維基數據所列</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112057532" class="extiw" title="d:Q112057532"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q112057532</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軍民兩用技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dual-use technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8D%E6%B0%91%E5%85%A9%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軍民兩用技術（页面不存在）">軍民兩用技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-use_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Dual-use technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dual-use technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="高科技">高科技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E%E6%80%A7%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0" title="破壞性創新">破壞性創新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%82%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="适用技术">适用技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="通用技术">通用技术</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="关键技术" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德语" data-foreign-title="Schlüsseltechnologie"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="关键技术（页面不存在）">关键技术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">德语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schl%C3%BCsseltechnologie" class="extiw" title="de:Schlüsseltechnologie"><span lang="de" dir="auto">Schlüsseltechnologie</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B4%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="新兴技术">新兴技术</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="新興技術列表">列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E8%82%96%E5%A4%AB%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="卡尔达肖夫指数">卡尔达肖夫指数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="Category:各国科技">Category:各国科技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="Category:科技公司">Category:科技公司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E8%80%85" title="技术传播者">技术传播者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="技术新闻学">技术新闻学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Category:技术">Category:技术</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:技術">commons:Category:技術</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Portal:技術">技術主題</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="工程学領域" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Engineering_fields" title="Template:Engineering fields"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Engineering_fields" title="Template talk:Engineering fields"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Engineering_fields" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Engineering fields"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="工程学領域" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">工程学</a>領域</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8A%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土力工程">土力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="结构工程">結構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="地震工程">防震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="交通工程">交通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="水利工程">水利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="矿业工程">矿业</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="机械工程">机械工程</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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title="机械电子学">机械电子</a>（機電整合）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="铁路工程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Railway engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="铁路工程（页面不存在）">铁路</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Railway engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Railway engineering</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="电子工程">电子工程</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="計算機工程">計算機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="資訊工程">資訊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="控制工程">控制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="電機工程學">電機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="电动机械学">电动机械</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="光学工程">光學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" title="光子学">光子学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="通信工程">通信</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化学工程">化学工程</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生化</a></li> <li><span 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title="环境工程">环境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="食品工程">食品</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="基因工程">基因</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%A6" title="冶金学">冶金学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="计算机网络">網路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="核工程">原子核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="本体工程">本体工程</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="软件工程">軟體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="系统工程">系統</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="工程學分支列表">工程學分支列表</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:工程學">工程學分类</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="Portal:工程">工程主题</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="主要的数学领域" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F" title="Template:数学领域"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F" title="Template talk:数学领域"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:数学领域"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="主要的数学领域" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">主要的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="数学">数学</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F" title="数学领域">领域</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="数学史">历史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="数学纲要" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of mathematics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E7%BA%B2%E8%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="数学纲要（页面不存在）">纲要</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_mathematics" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of mathematics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of mathematics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="数学主题列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lists of mathematics topics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="数学主题列表（页面不存在）">列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_mathematics_topics" class="extiw" title="en:Lists of mathematics topics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lists of mathematics topics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E8%A1%A8" title="数学符号表">符号表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80" title="数学基础">数学基础</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E7%95%B4%E8%AE%BA" title="范畴论">范畴论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E8%AE%BA" title="集合论">集合论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="数理逻辑">数理逻辑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="数学哲学">数学哲学</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Math.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Math.svg/80px-Math.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Math.svg/120px-Math.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Math.svg/160px-Math.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0" title="代数">代数</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0" title="抽象代数">抽象</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B8" title="交換代數">交換</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E8%AE%BA" title="群论">群论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B8" title="初等代數">初等代數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0" title="线性代数">线性代数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0" title="多重线性代数">多重线性代数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0" title="泛代数">泛代数</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="数学分析">数学分析</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%86" class="mw-redirect" title="微积分">微积分</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E5%8F%98%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%BA" title="实变函数论">实变函数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="複分析">复变函数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="微分方程">微分方程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E5%87%BD%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="泛函分析">泛函分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E5%92%8C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="調和分析">調和分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E7%AB%8B%E5%8F%B6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="傅立叶分析">傅立葉分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="几何分析">几何分析</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="离散数学">离散数学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="组合数学">组合数学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E8%AE%BA" title="图论">图论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%8F%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="序理论">序理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88%E8%AE%BA" title="博弈论">博弈论</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%A6" title="几何学">几何学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" title="代数几何">代数几何</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" title="解析几何">解析几何</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" title="微分几何">微分几何</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%A6" title="离散几何学">离散几何学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%87%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" title="欧几里得几何">欧几里得几何</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%AC%A7%E5%87%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" title="非欧几里得几何">非欧几里得几何</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%B8" title="有限幾何學">有限几何学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%BA" title="数论">数论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%AF" title="算术">算术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B8%E6%95%B8%E8%AB%96" title="代數數論">代數數論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%BA" title="解析数论">解析数论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%BA" title="几何数论">几何数论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%AF%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" title="算术几何">算术几何</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A2%E7%95%AA%E5%9B%BE%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="丢番图几何">丢番图几何</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%93%E6%89%91%E5%AD%A6" title="拓扑学">拓扑学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B9%E9%9B%86%E6%8B%93%E6%89%91%E5%AD%A6" title="点集拓扑学">点集拓扑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0%E6%8B%93%E6%89%91" title="代数拓扑">代数拓扑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%8B%93%E6%89%91" title="微分拓扑">微分拓扑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E6%8B%93%E6%89%91%E5%AD%A6" title="几何拓扑学">几何拓扑</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="统计学">统计学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8B%E5%BA%A6" title="测度">测度与概率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="数理统计学">数理统计学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="数据科学">数据科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E8%AB%96%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" title="推論統計學">统计推断</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B4%E6%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="迴歸分析">迴歸分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="统计学习理论">统计学习理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="机器学习">机器学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="数据结构">数据结构</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="算法">算法</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="运算数学">计算数学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="计算机科学">计算机科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="计算理论">计算理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="数值分析">数值分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96" title="最优化">最优化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="計算機代數系統">计算机代数</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="应用数学">应用数学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E8%AE%BA" title="控制论">控制论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E8%AE%BA" title="信息论">信息论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="计算化学">计算化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%90%86%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="數理生物學">数理生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="数理经济学">数理经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E9%87%8F%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="计量经济学">计量经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%90%86%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%AD%B8" title="數理金融學">數理金融學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="数学心理学">数学心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="数学物理">数学物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" title="生物統計學">生物統計學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="娛樂數學">娱乐数学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="数学与艺术" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mathematics and art"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="数学与艺术（页面不存在）">数学与艺术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_and_art" class="extiw" title="en:Mathematics and art"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mathematics and art</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="数学教育">数学教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">注释</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>数学的领域也可根据“<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86" title="数学学科分类标准">MSC分类标准</a>”或“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86/110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国学科分类国家标准/110（页面不存在）">中国学科分类国家标准</a>”进行分类。</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:数学">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:数学">主题</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mathematics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mathematics">共享资源</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="WikiProject:数学">专题</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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