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Kääne – Vikipeedia
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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Käänete_loend" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Käänete_loend"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Käänete loend</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Käänete_loend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Käänete_moodustamine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Käänete_moodustamine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><b>Käänete moodustamine</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Käänete_moodustamine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Käänete_grupid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Käänete_grupid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Käänete grupid</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Käänete_grupid-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Käänete grupid"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Käänete_grupid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abstraktsed_käänded" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abstraktsed_käänded"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Abstraktsed käänded</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abstraktsed_käänded-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konkreetsed_käänded" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konkreetsed_käänded"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Konkreetsed käänded</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konkreetsed_käänded-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kääne</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 97 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naamval" title="Naamval – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Naamval" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus – šveitsisaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kasus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="šveitsisaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajeh%C3%A4%C3%A4mi" title="Sajehäämi – Inari saami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Sajehäämi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari saami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حالة نحوية – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حالة نحوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_(gram%C3%A1tica)" title="Casu (gramática) – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Casu (gramática)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0smin_hallanmas%C4%B1" title="İsmin hallanması – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İsmin hallanması" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasus_(tata_bahasa)" title="Kasus (tata bahasa) – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kasus (tata bahasa)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasus_tatabahasa" title="Kasus tatabahasa – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kasus tatabahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95" title="কারক – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কারক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Килеш – baškiiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Килеш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Склон – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Склон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus – baieri" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kasus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="baieri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pade%C5%BE" title="Padež – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Padež" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troad_(yezhoniezh)" title="Troad (yezhoniezh) – bretooni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Troad (yezhoniezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Падеж (граматика) – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Падеж (граматика)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas_gramatical" title="Cas gramatical – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cas gramatical" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Ӳкĕм – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ӳкĕм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mluvnick%C3%BD_p%C3%A1d" title="Mluvnický pád – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mluvnický pád" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyflwr_gramadegol" title="Cyflwr gramadegol – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyflwr gramadegol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kasus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kasus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pad_(gramatika)" title="Pad (gramatika) – alamsorbi" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pad (gramatika)" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="alamsorbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%84%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B7_(%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Πτώση (γραμματική) – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πτώση (γραμματική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_case" title="Grammatical case – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Grammatical case" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caso_(gram%C3%A1tica)" title="Caso (gramática) – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caso (gramática)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazo_(gramatiko)" title="Kazo (gramatiko) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kazo (gramatiko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casus_gramaticalis" title="Casus gramaticalis – estremenju" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Casus gramaticalis" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremenju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasu_(gramatika)" title="Kasu (gramatika) – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kasu (gramatika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="حالت دستوری – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حالت دستوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_(m%C3%A1ll%C3%A6ra)" title="Fall (mállæra) – fääri" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fall (mállæra)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fääri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas_grammatical" title="Cas grammatical – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cas grammatical" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namfal" title="Namfal – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Namfal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caso_gramatical" title="Caso gramatical – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caso gramatical" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дожар – inguši" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дожар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%A9" title="격 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="격" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Հոլով – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոլով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="कारक – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कारक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pad_(gramatika)" title="Pad (gramatika) – ülemsorbi" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pad (gramatika)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ülemsorbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pade%C5%BE" title="Padež – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Padež" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_(m%C3%A1lfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Fall (málfræði) – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fall (málfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caso_(linguistica)" title="Caso (linguistica) – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caso (linguistica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%94" title="יחסה – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יחסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90)" title="ბრუნვა (გრამატიკა) – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრუნვა (გრამატიკა)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prz%C3%ABp%C3%B4dk" title="Przëpôdk – kašuubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Przëpôdk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kašuubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Септік – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Септік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kays_Gramasek" title="Kays Gramasek – korni" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kays Gramasek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casus_grammaticus" title="Casus grammaticus – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Casus grammaticus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loc%C4%ABjums" title="Locījums – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Locījums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Лезги чӀалан падежар – lesgi" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Лезги чӀалан падежар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linksnis" title="Linksnis – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Linksnis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomval" title="Naomval – limburgi" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Naomval" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caso_(gramatica)" title="Caso (gramatica) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Caso (gramatica)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eset" title="Eset – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Eset" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Падеж – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Падеж" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrika_araka_anjara_asa" title="Endrika araka anjara asa – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Endrika araka anjara asa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="വിഭക്തി – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിഭക്തി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%BC_(lingwistika)" title="Każ (lingwistika) – malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Każ (lingwistika)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Тийн ялгалын ай – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тийн ялгалын ай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%9E%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB)" title="ကာရက (သဒ္ဒါ) – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာရက (သဒ္ဒါ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naamval" title="Naamval – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Naamval" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="कारक – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कारक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="कारक – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कारक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC" title="格 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="格" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дожар – tšetšeeni" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дожар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tšetšeeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kasus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kasus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelishik" title="Kelishik – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kelishik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95" title="ਕਾਰਕ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caso_gramatical" title="Caso gramatical – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Caso gramatical" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przypadek" title="Przypadek – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przypadek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caso_gramatical" title="Caso gramatical – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caso gramatical" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caz_(gramatic%C4%83)" title="Caz (gramatică) – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Caz (gramatică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Пад – russiini" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пад" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="russiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Падеж – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Падеж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA_(%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB)" title="Түһүк (тыл) – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түһүк (тыл)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="कारकम् – sanskriti" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कारकम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskriti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasa_gramatikore" title="Rasa gramatikore – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rasa gramatikore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu" title="Casu – sitsiilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Casu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_(grammar)" title="Case (grammar) – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Case (grammar)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="گرامري حالت – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گرامري حالت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1d_(jazykoveda)" title="Pád (jazykoveda) – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pád (jazykoveda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sklon" title="Sklon – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sklon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Падеж – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Падеж" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pade%C5%BE" title="Padež – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Padež" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sija" title="Sija – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sija" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kasus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="வேற்றுமை (தமிழ் இலக்கணம்) – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேற்றுமை (தமிழ் இலக்கணம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Килеш – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Килеш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81" title="การก – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ch_(ng%E1%BB%AF_ph%C3%A1p)" title="Cách (ngữ pháp) – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cách (ngữ pháp)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Падеж – tõva" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Падеж" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tõva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Відмінок – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Відмінок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caxo_(%C5%82engu%C3%ACstega)" title="Caxo (łenguìstega) – veneti" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Caxo (łenguìstega)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4n%C3%BCs" title="Käänüs – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Käänüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li 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juurde [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Andmeüksus</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> </td> <td> <i>See artikkel räägib keeleteaduse mõistest; astronoomia mõiste kohta vaata <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne_(astronoomia)" title="Kääne (astronoomia)">Kääne (astronoomia)</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739384">.mw-parser-output th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox~table.ambox:not(.mbox-small-left){margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{padding:0.25em 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-imageright{padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output table.imbox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:3px solid #36c;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.cmbox{margin:3px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#DFE8FF}.mw-parser-output table.ombox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.tmbox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}</style></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Spanish_Language_Wiki.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Täienda"><img alt="Täienda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Spanish_Language_Wiki.svg/30px-Spanish_Language_Wiki.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Spanish_Language_Wiki.svg/45px-Spanish_Language_Wiki.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Spanish_Language_Wiki.svg/60px-Spanish_Language_Wiki.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel vajab täiendamist</b>, et anda teemast piisavat ülevaadet.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit">artiklit täiendada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6739384"></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/35px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/53px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/70px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="43" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel</b> <b>vajab <a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Artiklite_toimetamine" title="Vikipeedia:Artiklite toimetamine">toimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit">artiklit toimetada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kääne</b> ehk <b>kaasus</b> on <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4nds%C3%B5na" title="Käändsõna">käändsõna</a> <a href="/wiki/Morfoloogiline_kategooria" class="mw-redirect" title="Morfoloogiline kategooria">morfoloogiline kategooria</a>, mis näitab <a href="/wiki/Nimis%C3%B5na" title="Nimisõna">nimisõna</a> või <a href="/wiki/Nimis%C3%B5nafraas" title="Nimisõnafraas">nimisõnafraasi</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCntaktika" title="Süntaktika">süntaktilisi</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Semantika" title="Semantika">semantilisi</a> funktsioone <a href="/wiki/Lause" title="Lause">lauses</a>. Kääne võib näidata seda, kuidas <a href="/wiki/Alistus" title="Alistus">lause moodustajad on omavahel seotud</a> ja samas võib lauses eristada <a href="/wiki/Lauseliige" title="Lauseliige">lauseliikmeid</a>. Ametlikult on <a href="/wiki/Eesti_keel" title="Eesti keel">eesti keeles</a> 14 käänet<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Käänete <a href="/wiki/Arv_(keeleteadus)" title="Arv (keeleteadus)">arv</a> keeltes erineb; näiteks <a href="/wiki/Eesti_keel" title="Eesti keel">eesti keeles</a> on neliteist käänet, aga <a href="/wiki/Ladina_keel" title="Ladina keel">ladina keeles</a> kuus. Nii <a href="/wiki/Indoeuroopa_keeled" title="Indoeuroopa keeled">indoeuroopa</a> kui ka <a href="/wiki/Uurali_keeled" title="Uurali keeled">uurali keeltes</a> on arvatavasti algul olnud 7–8 käänet, kuid kui indoeuroopa keeltes on käänete arv pigem vähenenud, siis uurali keeltes on enamasti käändeid juurde tekkinud.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Käänete_loend"><span id="K.C3.A4.C3.A4nete_loend"></span>Käänete loend</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Käänete loend"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Käänete loend" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Eesti keele käänded</b> </th> <th><b>Muud käänded</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nimetav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Nimetav kääne">Nimetav</a> (nominatiiv) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sihitav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Sihitav kääne">Sihitav</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Omastav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Omastav kääne">Omastav</a> (genitiiv) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daativ" title="Daativ">Daativ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Osastav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Osastav kääne">Osastav</a> (partitiiv) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrumentaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instrumentaal (pole veel kirjutatud)">Instrumentaal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sisse%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Sisseütlev kääne">Sisseütlev</a> (illatiiv) <p>(<a href="/wiki/Suunduv_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Suunduv kääne">Suunduv kääne</a>) </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viisi%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Viisiütlev kääne">Viisiütlev</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sees%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Seesütlev kääne">Seesütlev</a> (inessiiv) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viisiolev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viisiolev (pole veel kirjutatud)">Viisiolev</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seest%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Seestütlev kääne">Seestütlev</a> (elatiiv) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lokatiiv" title="Lokatiiv">Lokatiiv</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alale%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Alaleütlev kääne">Alaleütlev</a> (allatiiv) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolutiiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absolutiiv (pole veel kirjutatud)">Absolutiiv</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alal%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Alalütlev kääne">Alalütlev</a> (adessiiv) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ergatiiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ergatiiv (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ergatiiv</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alalt%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Alaltütlev kääne">Alaltütlev</a> (ablatiiv) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Latiiv" title="Latiiv">Latiiv</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Saav kääne">Saav</a> (translatiiv) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Separatiiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Separatiiv (pole veel kirjutatud)">Separatiiv</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Rajav kääne">Rajav</a> (terminatiiv) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Juurde%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Juurdeütlev kääne">Juurdeütlev</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Olev kääne">Olev</a> (essiiv) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilma%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Ilmaütlev kääne">Ilmaütlev</a> (abessiiv) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaasa%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Kaasaütlev kääne">Kaasaütlev</a> (komitatiiv) </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Eesti_keel" title="Eesti keel">Eesti keeles</a> on käänded väga olulised. Need muudavad sõna tähendust ning tihti mõjutab üksainus kääne tervet lauset. </p> <ul><li>Ema saatis poja <u>raha<b>ga</b></u> poodi. Ema saatis poja <u>raha<b>ta</b></u> poodi.</li></ul> <ul><li>Tahtsin sõbra poodi minna. Tahtsin <u>sõbra<b>ga</b></u> poodi minna. Tahtsin <u>sõbra<b>na</b></u> poodi minna.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Käänete_moodustamine"><span id="K.C3.A4.C3.A4nete_moodustamine"></span><b>Käänete moodustamine</b></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Käänete moodustamine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Käänete moodustamine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erinevate käänete moodustamise aluseks on <a href="/wiki/Omastav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Omastav kääne">omastav kääne</a>, millele lisatakse teiste käänete lõpud. <a href="/wiki/Ainsus" title="Ainsus">Ainsuse</a> <a href="/wiki/Omastav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Omastav kääne">omastaval</a> põhinevad kõik ainsuse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantiline_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantiline kääne (pole veel kirjutatud)">semantilised</a> käänded ning <a href="/wiki/Mitmus" title="Mitmus">mitmuse</a> <a href="/wiki/Nimetav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Nimetav kääne">nimetav</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mitmus" title="Mitmus">Mitmuse</a> <a href="/wiki/Omastav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Omastav kääne">omastaval</a> põhinevad kõik mitmuse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantiline_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantiline kääne (pole veel kirjutatud)">semantilised</a> käänded.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sisse%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Sisseütlev kääne">Sisseütleval käändel</a> võib ainsuses olla kaks vormi:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suunduv_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Suunduv kääne">Lühike vorm</a>: koju, aeda, tassi, jõkke, tekki, kaussi, hinge.</li> <li>Pikk vorm: tänavasse, keldrisse, arvutisse, vihikusse, sahtlisse.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Käänete tabel </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Kääne </th> <th>Küsisõna </th> <th>Ainsus </th> <th> </th> <th>Mitmus </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Nimetav </td> <td>Kes? Mis? </td> <td>Raamat </td> <td>Naaber </td> <td>Raamatud </td> <td>Naabrid </td></tr> <tr> <td>Omastav </td> <td>Kelle? Mille? </td> <td>Raamatu </td> <td>Naabri </td> <td>Raamatute </td> <td>Naabrite </td></tr> <tr> <td>Osastav </td> <td>Keda? Mida? </td> <td>Raamatut </td> <td>Naabrit </td> <td>Raamatuid </td> <td>Naabreid </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sisseütlev </td> <td>Kelle<b>sse</b>? Mille<b>sse</b>? Kuhu? </td> <td>Raamatu<b>sse</b> </td> <td>Naabri<b>sse</b> </td> <td>Raamatute<b>sse</b> </td> <td>Naabrite<b>sse</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seesütlev </td> <td>Kelle<b>s</b>? Mille<b>s</b>? Kus? </td> <td>Raamatu<b>s</b> </td> <td>Naabri<b>s</b> </td> <td>Raamatute<b>s</b> </td> <td>Naabrite<b>s</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seestütlev </td> <td>Kelle<b>st</b>? Mille<b>st</b>? Kust? </td> <td>Raamatu<b>st</b> </td> <td>Naabri<b>st</b> </td> <td>Raamatute<b>st</b> </td> <td>Naabrite<b>st</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alaleütlev </td> <td>Kelle<b>le</b>? Mille<b>le</b>? Kuhu? </td> <td>Raamatu<b>le</b> </td> <td>Naabri<b>le</b> </td> <td>Raamatute<b>le</b> </td> <td>Naabrite<b>le</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alalütlev </td> <td>Kelle<b>l</b>? Mille<b>l</b>? Kus? </td> <td>Raamatu<b>l</b> </td> <td>Naabri<b>l</b> </td> <td>Raamatute<b>l</b> </td> <td>Naabrite<b>l</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alaltütlev </td> <td>Kelle<b>lt</b>? Mille<b>lt</b>? Kust? </td> <td>Raamatu<b>lt</b> </td> <td>Naabri<b>lt</b> </td> <td>Raamatute<b>lt</b> </td> <td>Naabrite<b>lt</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Saav </td> <td>Kelle<b>ks</b>? Mille<b>ks</b>? </td> <td>Raamatu<b>ks</b> </td> <td>Naabri<b>ks</b> </td> <td>Raamatute<b>ks</b> </td> <td>Naabrite<b>ks</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rajav </td> <td>Kelle<b>ni</b>? Mille<b>ni</b>? </td> <td>Raamatu<b>ni</b> </td> <td>Naabri<b>ni</b> </td> <td>Raamatute<b>ni</b> </td> <td>Naabrite<b>ni</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Olev </td> <td>Kelle<b>na</b>? Mille<b>na</b>? </td> <td>Raamatu<b>na</b> </td> <td>Naabri<b>na</b> </td> <td>Raamatute<b>na</b> </td> <td>Naabrite<b>na</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ilmaütlev </td> <td>Kelle<b>ta</b>? Mille<b>ta</b>? </td> <td>Raamatu<b>ta</b> </td> <td>Naabri<b>ta</b> </td> <td>Raamatute<b>ta</b> </td> <td>Naabrite<b>ta</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kaasaütlev </td> <td>Kelle<b>ga</b>? Mille<b>ga</b>? </td> <td>Raamatu<b>ga</b> </td> <td>Naabri<b>ga</b> </td> <td>Raamatute<b>ga</b> </td> <td>Naabrite<b>ga</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Käänete_grupid"><span id="K.C3.A4.C3.A4nete_grupid"></span>Käänete grupid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Käänete grupid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Käänete grupid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Käänded saab jaotada erinevatesse gruppidesse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abstraktsed_käänded"><span id="Abstraktsed_k.C3.A4.C3.A4nded"></span>Abstraktsed käänded</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Abstraktsed käänded"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Abstraktsed käänded" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esimest gruppi nimetatakse <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abstraktne_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abstraktne kääne (pole veel kirjutatud)">abstraktseteks</a></b> ehk <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatiline_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grammatiline kääne (pole veel kirjutatud)">grammatilisteks kääneteks</a></b> ja nende hulka kuuluvad <a href="/wiki/Nimetav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Nimetav kääne">nimetav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omastav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Omastav kääne">omastav</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Osastav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Osastav kääne">osastav kääne</a>. Need käänded näitavad peamiselt <a href="/wiki/Nimis%C3%B5na" title="Nimisõna">nimisõna</a> (fraasi) süntaktilisi funktsioone, st nad kannavad väga üldist laadi grammatilisi tähendusi (<a href="/wiki/Alus_(keeleteadus)" title="Alus (keeleteadus)">aluse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sihitis" title="Sihitis">sihitise</a> jms tähendust).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nimetav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Nimetav kääne">Nimetav kääne</a> vastab küsimustele <i>mis?</i> ja <i>kes?</i> ning näitab kõige algsemas ja muutmata vormis sõna. </p> <ul><li>See on <u>raamat</u>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Ta on minu <u>naaber</u>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Emale meeldivad <u>raamatud</u>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Meil on uued <u>naabrid</u>.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Omastav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Omastav kääne">Omastav kääne</a> vastab küsimustele <i>mille?</i> ja <i>kelle?</i> ning näitab kuuluvust. Sõna, mis on omastavas käändes, omab lauses välja toodud objekti. </p> <ul><li>Selle <u>raamatu</u> kaas on kulunud.</li></ul> <ul><li><u>Naabri</u> koer kadus ära.</li></ul> <ul><li>Nende <u>raamatute</u> autor jagab täna autogramme.</li></ul> <ul><li>Õnnetus ei olnud <u>naabrite</u> süü.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Osastav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Osastav kääne">Osastav kääne</a> vastab küsimustele <i>mida?</i> ja <i>keda?</i> ning osutab selles käändes olevale sõnale. </p> <ul><li>Ma ei leia oma <u>raamatut</u>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Ema aitab <u>naabrit</u> peenra rohimisega.</li></ul> <ul><li>Ostsin poest palju <u>raamatuid</u>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Tänan oma <u>naabreid</u> nende lahkuse eest.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konkreetsed_käänded"><span id="Konkreetsed_k.C3.A4.C3.A4nded"></span>Konkreetsed käänded</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Konkreetsed käänded"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Konkreetsed käänded" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kõik ülejäänud käänded kuuluvad <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konkreetne_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konkreetne kääne (pole veel kirjutatud)">konkreetsete</a></b> ehk <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantiline_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantiline kääne (pole veel kirjutatud)">semantiliste käänete</a></b> hulka. Need käänded kannavad kitsamalt piiritletavaid tähendusi, mille esinemine oleneb sõna leksikaalsest tähendusest ja mis on paljudel juhtudel väljendatavad ka leksikaalsete vahenditega (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4%C3%A4rs%C3%B5na" title="Määrsõna">määr</a>- või <a href="/wiki/Kaass%C3%B5na" title="Kaassõna">kaassõnadega</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nende käänete hulgas on alamkategooriana <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohak%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kohakääne (pole veel kirjutatud)">kohakäänded</a></b>, mis on kujunenud kohasuhteid märkivate tunnuste alusel.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Need omakorda jagunevad <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sisekohak%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sisekohakääne (pole veel kirjutatud)">sisekohakääneteks</a>,</b> mis väljendavad tänapäeva keeles kinnise ruumiga seotud kohasuhteid ja <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4liskohak%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Väliskohakääne (pole veel kirjutatud)">väliskohakääneteks</a></b>, mis väljendavad avatud pinnaga seotud kohasuhteid.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sisekohak%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sisekohakääne (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sisekohakäänded</a> on: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sisse%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Sisseütlev kääne">Sisseütlev kääne</a>, mis vastab küsimustele <i>millesse?</i>, <i>kellesse?</i> ja <i>kuhu?</i> ning näitab liikumist ruumi sisse. </p> <ul><li>Hästi kirjutatud <u>raamatu<b>sse</b></u> on lihtne sisse elada.</li></ul> <ul><li>Ma usun oma <u>naabri<b>sse</b></u>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Oma vabal ajal süvenen <u>raamatute<b>sse</b></u>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Minu koer on <u>naabrite<b>sse</b></u> kiindunud. <ul><li>Lisaks on <a href="/wiki/Sisse%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Sisseütlev kääne">sisseütlevas käändes</a> ka lühike vorm ehk <a href="/wiki/Suunduv_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Suunduv kääne">suunduv kääne</a>, mida saab kindlate sõnatüüpide puhul kasutada. <ul><li>Pada → patta (mitte pajasse)</li> <li>Kool → kooli (mitte koolisse)</li> <li>Õhk → õhku (mitte õhusse)</li> <li>Keel → keelde (mitte keelesse)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Sees%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Seesütlev kääne">Seesütlev kääne</a>, mis vastab küsimustele <i>milles?</i>, <i>kelles?</i> ja <i>kus?</i> ning näitab olekut ruumi sees. </p> <ul><li>Selles <u>raamatu<b>s</b></u> on palju pilte.</li></ul> <ul><li>Minu uus auto tekitas <u>naabri<b>s</b></u> kadedust.</li></ul> <ul><li>Lastele mõeldud <u>raamatute<b>s</b></u> on palju pilte.</li></ul> <ul><li>Nendes <u>naabrite<b>s</b></u> on midagi kummalist.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Seest%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Seestütlev kääne">Seestütlev kääne</a>, mis vastab küsimustele <i>millest?</i>, <i>kellest?</i> ja <i>kust?</i> ning näitab liikumist objekti seest välja. </p> <ul><li><u>Raamatu<b>st</b></u> saab palju teadmisi.</li></ul> <ul><li>Minu kunagisest <u>naabri<b>st</b></u> sai firmaomanik.</li></ul> <ul><li>Ma ei saa keerulistest <u>raamatute<b>st</b></u> aru.</li></ul> <ul><li>Fotograaf tegi <u>naabrite<b>st</b></u> pilti.</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4liskohak%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Väliskohakääne (pole veel kirjutatud)">Väliskohakääneteks</a> on: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alale%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Alaleütlev kääne">Alaleütlev kääne</a>, mis vastab küsimustele <i>millele?</i>, <i>kellele?</i> ja <i>kuhu?</i> ning näitab liikumist avatud pinna peale. </p> <ul><li>Kass astus mu <u>raamatu<b>le</b></u> peale.</li></ul> <ul><li>Andsin <u>naabri<b>le</b></u> sünnipäevaks kaardi.</li></ul> <ul><li>Kõikidele <u>raamatute<b>le</b></u> on tehtud allahindlus.</li></ul> <ul><li>Koer viis <u>naabrite<b>le</b></u> ajalehe.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Alal%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Alalütlev kääne">Alalütlev kääne</a>, mis vastab küsimustele <i>millel?</i>, <i>kellel?</i> ja <i>kus?</i> ning näitab olekut avatud pinna peal. </p> <ul><li>Sellel <u>raamatu<b>l</b></u> on kõrge hind.</li></ul> <ul><li><u>Naabri<b>l</b></u> on kolm kassi.</li></ul> <ul><li>Nendel <u>raamatute<b>l</b></u> on mõned leheküljed puudu.</li></ul> <ul><li><u>Naabrite<b>l</b></u> on täna pulma aastapäev.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Alalt%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Alaltütlev kääne">Alaltütlev kääne</a>, mis vastab küsimustele <i>millelt?</i>, <i>kellelt?</i> ja <i>kust?</i> ning näitab liikumist avatud pinna pealt maha. </p> <ul><li>Kass astus lõpuks mu <u>raamatu<b>lt</b></u> maha.</li></ul> <ul><li>Sain <u>naabri<b>lt</b></u> sünnipäevaks kaardi.</li></ul> <ul><li>Raamatukogu <u>raamatute<b>lt</b></u> on keegi mõned lehed välja rebinud.</li></ul> <ul><li>Huligaan sai <u>naabrite<b>lt</b></u> riielda.<br /></li></ul> <p>Ülejäänud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantiline_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantiline kääne (pole veel kirjutatud)">semantilised käänded</a>, mis ei kuulu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohak%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kohakääne (pole veel kirjutatud)">kohakäänete</a> hulka, on: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Saav kääne">Saav kääne</a>, mis vastab küsimustele <i>milleks?</i> ja <i>kelleks?</i> ning millega väljendatakse olekut või seisundit, millesse siirdutakse või milles ollakse, otstarvet või aega.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Vanaisa käsikirjad pandi lõpuks <u>raamatu<b>ks</b></u> kokku.</li></ul> <ul><li>Minu <u>naabri<b>ks</b></u> on kolme kassiga koos elav keskealine naine.</li></ul> <ul><li>Autori uuteks <u>raamatute<b>ks</b></u> on seiklusromaanid.</li></ul> <ul><li>Minu <u>naabrite<b>ks</b></u> on vanad klassikaaslased.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Rajav_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Rajav kääne">Rajav kääne</a>, mis vastab küsimustele <i>milleni?</i> ja <i>kelleni?</i> ning millega väljendatakse ruumilist, ajalist ja kvantitatiivset piiri.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seda käänet kasutatakse, kui näidatakse asukoha või seisundini jõudmist. </p> <ul><li>Et riiulis <u>raamatu<b>ni</b></u> ulatada, pidin köögist tooli tooma.</li></ul> <ul><li>Minu kirjutatud kiri ei jõudnud kunagi <u>naabri<b>ni</b></u>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Ajalooliste <u>raamatute<b>ni</b></u> on poes pikk tee minna.</li></ul> <ul><li>Kiri välismaalt saabus ohutult <u>naabrite<b>ni</b></u>.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Olev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Olev kääne">Olev kääne</a>, mis vastab küsimustele <i>millena?</i> ja <i>kellena?</i> ning millega väljendatakse tegevussubjekti või -objekti olekut või seisundit, samuti ka otstarvet.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Lähemale minnes tuli välja, et tänaval olev <u>raamatu<b>na</b></u> näiv objekt oli vaid telliskivi.</li></ul> <ul><li><u>Naabri<b>na</b></u> on oluline mõnikord ukse ees kokku saada ja üksteist tervitada.</li></ul> <ul><li>Neid saab osta ainult <u>e-raamatute<b>na</b></u>.</li></ul> <ul><li><u>Naabrite<b>na</b></u> võiksime üksteist aeg-ajalt aidata.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Ilma%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Ilmaütlev kääne">Ilmaütlev kääne</a>, mis vastab küsimustele <i>milleta?</i> ja <i>kelleta?</i> ning millega väljendatakse kaaslase või kaasaskantava eseme, vahendi, viisi või seisundi puudumist, samuti ka ilmaolu kui omadust. Ilmaütlev on kaasaütleva vastandkääne.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Õpetaja tuli eile <u>raamatu<b>ta</b></u> tundi.</li></ul> <ul><li>Ta on <u>naabri<b>ta</b></u>, kuna elab keset metsa.</li></ul> <ul><li><u>Raamatute<b>ta</b></u> oleks elu igav.</li></ul> <ul><li><u>Naabrite<b>ta</b></u> on elu vaikne.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Kaasa%C3%BCtlev_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Kaasaütlev kääne">Kaasaütlev kääne</a> vastab küsimustele <i>millega?</i> ja <i>kellega?</i>. Selle käändega väljendatakse põhiliselt koos- või kaasasolu ning vahendit, samuti saab seda ka kasutada viisist või seisundist ning ajast rääkides. Kindlate verbide rektsioonilise laiendina väljendab kaasaütlev kääne asja, millele tegevus on suunatud.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Õpetaja tuli täna <u>raamatu<b>ga</b></u> tundi.</li></ul> <ul><li>Läksin koos <u>naabri<b>ga</b></u> õhtust sööma.</li></ul> <ul><li>Õpilane tuli koju suurte <u>raamatute<b>ga</b></u>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Isa käib iga nädal <u>naabrite<b>ga</b></u> golfi mängimas.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1,00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1,01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">1,02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3">1,03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4">1,04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5">1,05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-6">1,06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-7">1,07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-8">1,08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-9">1,09</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFEreltEreltRoss2020" class="citation book cs1">Erelt, Mati; Erelt, Tiiu; Ross, Kristiina (2020). <i>Eesti keele käsiraamat</i>. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, EKSA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+keele+k%C3%A4siraamat&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pub=Eesti+Keele+Instituut%2C+EKSA&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Erelt&rft.aufirst=Mati&rft.au=Erelt%2C+Tiiu&rft.au=Ross%2C+Kristiina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AK%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFRätsep1982" class="citation book cs1">Rätsep, Huno (1982). <i>Eesti keele ajalooline morfoloogia I</i> (teine, parandatud ja täiendatud trükk). Tartu: Tartu Riiklik Ülikool.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+keele+ajalooline+morfoloogia+I&rft.place=Tartu&rft.edition=teine%2C+parandatud+ja+t%C3%A4iendatud&rft.pub=Tartu+Riiklik+%C3%9Clikool&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=R%C3%A4tsep&rft.aufirst=Huno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AK%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFPindmaaVigel2021" class="citation book cs1">Pindmaa, Merle; Vigel, Hanna-Stina (2021). <i>Eesti keele tööraamat 6. klassile. II osa</i>. Tallinn: Maurus.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eesti+keele+t%C3%B6%C3%B6raamat+6.+klassile.+II+osa&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pub=Maurus&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Pindmaa&rft.aufirst=Merle&rft.au=Vigel%2C+Hanna-Stina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AK%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eki.ee/dict/psv/grammatikatabelid.pdf">"Grammatikatabelid.—Eesti keele grammatika tabelid"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 12. jaanuar 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grammatikatabelid.%E2%80%94Eesti+keele+grammatika+tabelid.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eki.ee%2Fdict%2Fpsv%2Fgrammatikatabelid.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AK%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.canary‐76945775b4‐2nhrl Cached time: 20241128134611 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.175 seconds Real time usage: 0.228 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 497/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11284/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 91/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14938/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.102/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3436235/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 193.652 1 -total 41.88% 81.095 1 Mall:Lisa_materjali 40.74% 78.890 3 Mall:Raamatuviide 34.81% 67.410 2 Mall:Ambox 2.39% 4.637 1 Mall:Netiviide 2.20% 4.262 1 Mall:Toimeta 1.19% 2.298 1 Mall:See_artikkel --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key etwiki:pcache:366897:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241128134611 and revision id 6755778. 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