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Suunduv kääne – Vikipeedia
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class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Suunduv_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arutelu:Suunduv_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" rel="discussion" title="Arutelu selle lehekülje sisu kohta [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Muuda keelevarianti" > <label 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href="/w/index.php?title=Suunduv_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suunduv_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suunduv_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=history" title="Selle lehekülje varasemad redaktsioonid [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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href="/w/index.php?title=Suunduv_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suunduv_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=history"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Üldine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Lingid_siia/Suunduv_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Kõik viki leheküljed, mis siia viitavad [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lingid siia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Seotud_muudatused/Suunduv_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" rel="nofollow" title="Viimased muudatused lehekülgedel, millele on siit viidatud [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seotud 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id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><p><b>Suunduv kääne</b> ehk <b>aditiiv</b> on <a href="/wiki/Eesti_keel" title="Eesti keel">eesti keele</a> lühike <a href="/wiki/Sisse%C3%BCtlev" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisseütlev">sisseütlev</a>, mida osa uurijaid on pidanud omaette <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Kääne">käändeks</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Seni pole aditiiv iseseisvaks käändeks saanud, kuna seda ei saa moodustada kõigist <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4nds%C3%B5na" title="Käändsõna">käändsõnadest</a>. </p><p>Lühikese sisseütleva käände tunnused:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Ø (<i>küla : külla</i>)</li> <li>-<i>de</i> (<i>keel : keelde</i>)</li> <li>-<i>tte</i> (<i>vesi : vette</i>)</li></ul> <p>On oletatud, et pika või lühikese sisseütleva valik võiks oleneda <a href="/wiki/Verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Verb">verbi</a> <a href="/wiki/Rektsioon" title="Rektsioon">rektsioonist</a>. Selle oletuse järgi kasutatakse pikka sisseütlevat näiteks verbidega <i>segunema</i> ja <i>suhtuma</i> (<i>suhtub meresse</i>, <i>jõesse</i>, <i>peasse</i>, <i>veesse</i>) ning lühikest sisseütlevat verbidega <i>kaduma</i>, <i>kukkuma</i>, <i>minema</i> ja <i>tulema</i> (<i>läheb lehte</i>, <i>merre</i>, <i>jõkke</i>, <i>pähe</i>, <i>vette</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hilisemad uurimused pole kinnitanud, et pika või lühikese sisseütleva valik oleneks verbist, millega vorm koos esineb.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suunduv_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suunduv_k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFTiit-Rein_Viitso1976" class="citation web cs1">Tiit-Rein Viitso (märts 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digar.ee/viewer/et/nlib-digar:193479/142769/page/24">"Eesti muutkondade süsteemist"</a>. <i>Keel ja Kirjandus</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 30. märts 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Keel+ja+Kirjandus&rft.atitle=Eesti+muutkondade+s%C3%BCsteemist&rft.date=1976-03&rft.au=Tiit-Rein+Viitso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digar.ee%2Fviewer%2Fet%2Fnlib-digar%3A193479%2F142769%2Fpage%2F24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASuunduv+k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFÜlle_Viks1992" class="citation book cs1">Ülle Viks (1992). <i>Väike vormisõnastik I</i>. Tallinn: Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia, Keele ja Kirjanduse Instituut.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V%C3%A4ike+vormis%C3%B5nastik+I&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pub=Eesti+Teaduste+Akadeemia%2C+Keele+ja+Kirjanduse+Instituut&rft.date=1992&rft.au=%C3%9Clle+Viks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASuunduv+k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFValmen_Hallap1964" class="citation web cs1">Valmen Hallap (mai 1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digar.ee/viewer/et/nlib-digar:194518/142841/page/29">"Morfeemilise positsiooni mõiste"</a>. <i>Keel ja Kirjandus</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 30. märts 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Keel+ja+Kirjandus&rft.atitle=Morfeemilise+positsiooni+m%C3%B5iste&rft.date=1964-05&rft.au=Valmen+Hallap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digar.ee%2Fviewer%2Fet%2Fnlib-digar%3A194518%2F142841%2Fpage%2F29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASuunduv+k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFHenno_Rajandi1963" class="citation web cs1">Henno Rajandi (juuli 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digar.ee/viewer/et/nlib-digar:193342/142669/page/27">"Morfeemide liigitus deskriptiivses lingvistikas"</a>. <i>Keel ja Kirjandus</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 30. märts 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Keel+ja+Kirjandus&rft.atitle=Morfeemide+liigitus+deskriptiivses+lingvistikas&rft.date=1963-07&rft.au=Henno+Rajandi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digar.ee%2Fviewer%2Fet%2Fnlib-digar%3A193342%2F142669%2Fpage%2F27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASuunduv+k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eki.ee/dict/psv/grammatikatabelid.pdf">"Eesti keele grammatika tabelid"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Eesti_Keele_Instituut" title="Eesti Keele Instituut">Eesti Keele Instituut</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eesti+keele+grammatika+tabelid&rft.pub=Eesti+Keele+Instituut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eki.ee%2Fdict%2Fpsv%2Fgrammatikatabelid.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASuunduv+k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFCornelius_Hasselblatt2000" class="citation web cs1">Cornelius Hasselblatt (november 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digar.ee/viewer/et/nlib-digar:195601/143161/page/30">"Eesti keele ainsuse sisseütlev on lühike"</a>. <i>Keel ja Kirjandus</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 30. märts 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Keel+ja+Kirjandus&rft.atitle=Eesti+keele+ainsuse+sisse%C3%BCtlev+on+l%C3%BChike&rft.date=2000-11&rft.au=Cornelius+Hasselblatt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digar.ee%2Fviewer%2Fet%2Fnlib-digar%3A195601%2F143161%2Fpage%2F30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASuunduv+k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFVirve_Raag1998" class="citation book cs1">Virve Raag (1998). <i>The effects of planned change on Estonian morphology</i>. Uppsala: Studia Uralica Upsaliensia 29. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Lk 79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+effects+of+planned+change+on+Estonian+morphology&rft.place=Uppsala&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Studia+Uralica+Upsaliensia+29.+Acta+Universitatis+Upsaliensis&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Virve+Raag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASuunduv+k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFKati_Kio2006" class="citation web cs1">Kati Kio (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330120953/http://www.murre.ut.ee/arhiiv/naita_pilt.php?materjal=kasikiri&materjal_id=D1487&sari=D">"Sisseütleva käände kasutus eesti kirjakeeles"</a>. <i>Magistritöö: Tartu Ülikool</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.murre.ut.ee/arhiiv/naita_pilt.php?materjal=kasikiri&materjal_id=D1487&sari=D">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 30. märts 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 30. märts 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Magistrit%C3%B6%C3%B6%3A+Tartu+%C3%9Clikool&rft.atitle=Sisse%C3%BCtleva+k%C3%A4%C3%A4nde+kasutus+eesti+kirjakeeles&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Kati+Kio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.murre.ut.ee%2Farhiiv%2Fnaita_pilt.php%3Fmaterjal%3Dkasikiri%26materjal_id%3DD1487%26sari%3DD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASuunduv+k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFHeiki-Jaan_Kaalep2009" class="citation web cs1">Heiki-Jaan Kaalep (juuni 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keeljakirjandus.eki.ee/411-425.pdf">"Kuidas kirjeldada ainsuse lühikest sisseütlevat kasutamisandmetega kooskõlas?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Keel ja Kirjandus</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 30. märts 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Keel+ja+Kirjandus&rft.atitle=Kuidas+kirjeldada+ainsuse+l%C3%BChikest+sisse%C3%BCtlevat+kasutamisandmetega+koosk%C3%B5las%3F&rft.date=2009-06&rft.au=Heiki-Jaan+Kaalep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkeeljakirjandus.eki.ee%2F411-425.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASuunduv+k%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐64cd99f567‐z6s7c Cached time: 20241125160524 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.116 seconds Real time usage: 0.139 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 430/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13297/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 6/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 26238/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.078/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3587320/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 121.498 1 Mall:Viited 100.00% 121.498 1 -total 82.46% 100.189 7 Mall:Netiviide 10.13% 12.304 2 Mall:Raamatuviide --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key etwiki:pcache:542390:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241125160524 and revision id 6139643. 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