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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Prehistory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phoenicians,_Carthaginians_and_Romans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phoenicians,_Carthaginians_and_Romans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Romans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phoenicians,_Carthaginians_and_Romans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_period_and_the_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_period_and_the_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Arab period and the Middle Ages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_period_and_the_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norman_conquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norman_conquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Norman conquest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norman_conquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crown_of_Aragon,_the_Knights_of_Malta_and_Portuguese_Rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crown_of_Aragon,_the_Knights_of_Malta_and_Portuguese_Rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Crown of Aragon, the Knights of Malta and Portuguese Rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crown_of_Aragon,_the_Knights_of_Malta_and_Portuguese_Rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_period_and_British_conquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_period_and_British_conquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 French period and British conquest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_period_and_British_conquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Empire_and_the_Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Empire_and_the_Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 British Empire and the Second World War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Empire_and_the_Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_and_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_and_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Independence and Republic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_and_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Human rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urbanisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Urbanisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urbanisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Flora </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Banking_and_finance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banking_and_finance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Banking and finance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banking_and_finance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Currency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Currency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Currency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Currency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Science and technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Migration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Communications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Art </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Customs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 Traditions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals_and_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals_and_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.8 Festivals and events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals_and_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.9 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.10 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Attribution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Malta</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 266 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-266" aria-hidden="true" > 266 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Малтэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Малтэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%8D%E1%89%B3" title="ማልታ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማልታ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="माल्टा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="माल्टा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melita" title="Melita – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Melita" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7" title="مالطا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مالطا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%9B%DC%90" title="ܡܝܠܛܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܝܠܛܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A9%D5%A1" title="Մալթա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մալթա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="माल्टा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="माल्टा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="مالت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مالت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="মাল্টা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাল্টা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="माल्टा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="माल्टा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molta" title="Molta – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Molta" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Малта – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Малта" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BC%8D" title="མལ་ཏ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མལ་ཏ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85)" title="Мальта (патшалăх) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мальта (патшалăх)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maruta_(nyika)" title="Maruta (nyika) – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Maruta (nyika)" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7" title="مالطا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مالطا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AF%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%93%DE%A7" title="މޯލްޓާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މޯލްޓާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1%C5%82k%C3%A1%C3%A1%CA%BC_Bine%CA%BC_Na%CA%BCadzi%CA%BCnii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Táłkááʼ Bineʼ Naʼadziʼnii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Táłkááʼ Bineʼ Naʼadziʼnii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="माल्टा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="माल्टा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Μάλτα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάλτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Мальта Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мальта Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malto" title="Malto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="مالت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مالت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malte" title="Malte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Malte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malte" title="Malte – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Malte" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lta" title="Málta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Málta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Valta" title="Yn Valta – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Valta" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BE" title="માલ્ટા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="માલ્ટા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍄𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍄𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="माल्टा – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="माल्टा" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%B0%ED%83%80" title="몰타 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몰타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malata" title="Malata – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Malata" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A9%D5%A1" title="Մալթա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մալթա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="माल्टा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="माल्टा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="মাল্টা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মাল্টা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Мальтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мальтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMalta" title="IMalta – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMalta" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%94" title="מלטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F" title="ಮಾಲ್ಟ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾಲ್ಟ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="მალტა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მალტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malita" title="Malita – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Malita" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malt" title="Malt – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Malt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malt" title="Malt – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Malt" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2" title="ປະເທດມານຕາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດມານຕາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melita_(res_publica)" title="Melita (res publica) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Melita (res publica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2ta" title="Mâta – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Mâta" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%27tu" title="Mal'tu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Mal'tu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/maltas" title="maltas – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="maltas" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lta" title="Málta – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Málta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="माल्टा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="माल्टा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Малта – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Малта" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F" title="മാൾട്ട – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാൾട്ട" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81rata" title="Mārata – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mārata" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="माल्टा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माल्टा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="მალტა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მალტა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7" title="مالطا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مالطا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="مالتا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مالتا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯃꯥꯜꯇꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯥꯜꯇꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%AB-l%C3%A9-d%C3%A2i" title="Mī-lé-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mī-lé-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="မော်လတာနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မော်လတာနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_(land)" title="Malta (land) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Malta (land)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_(laand)" title="Malta (laand) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Malta (laand)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="माल्टा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="माल्टा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="माल्टा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="माल्टा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF" title="マルタ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マルタ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_(state)" title="Malta (state) – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Malta (state)" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Малта – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Малта" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlta" title="Marlta – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Marlta" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malte" title="Malte – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Malte" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE" title="ମାଲଟା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମାଲଟା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooltaa" title="Mooltaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Mooltaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਾਲਟਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਲਟਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="माल्टा – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="माल्टा" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%B9%D8%A7" title="مالٹا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مالٹا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BC%D8%A7" title="مالټا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مالټا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malte" title="Malte – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Malte" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Μάλτα – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Μάλτα" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Малта – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Малта" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melita" title="Melita – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Melita" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="माल्टा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="माल्टा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltae" title="Maltae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Maltae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="මෝල්ටාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මෝල්ටාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BD%D8%A7" title="مالٽا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مالٽا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMalitha" title="IMalitha – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IMalitha" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Малта – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Малта" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="ماڵتا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماڵتا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltakondre" title="Maltakondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Maltakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Малта – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Малта" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE" title="மால்ட்டா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மால்ட்டா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%E1%B9%ADa" title="Malṭa – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Malṭa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%E1%B9%ADa" title="Malṭa – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Malṭa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malte" title="Malte – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Malte" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းမေႃးတႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းမေႃးတႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE" title="మాల్టా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మాల్టా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="ประเทศมอลตา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศมอลตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Малта – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Малта" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malita" title="Malita – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Malita" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%B9%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%94" title="ᎹᎵᏔ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎹᎵᏔ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мальта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%B9%D8%A7" title="مالٹا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مالٹا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="مالتا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مالتا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%27t" title="Mal't – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mal't" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malte%C3%A4n" title="Malteän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Malteän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male" title="Male – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Male" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96" title="馬爾他 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="馬爾他" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malt" title="Malt – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Malt" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马耳他" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%90" title="מאלטא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאלטא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lt%C3%A0" title="Máltà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Máltà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96" title="馬爾他 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬爾他" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马耳他" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BB%8Dlita" title="Mọlita – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Mọlita" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Malta" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malt%C9%99" title="Maltə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Malta&params=35_54_N_14_31_E_type:city">35°54′N 14°31′E / 35.900°N 14.517°E / 35.900; 14.517</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island country in Southern Europe</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the country. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Malta_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Malta (disambiguation)">Malta (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Malta</div><div class="ib-country-names">Repubblika ta' Malta (<a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Malta.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Malta"><img alt="Flag of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/125px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/188px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/250px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malta" title="Flag of Malta">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Malta"><img alt="Coat of arms of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="1100" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malta" title="Coat of arms of Malta"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: Virtute et constantia (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>) "Strength and persistence"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/L-Innu_Malti" title="L-Innu Malti">L-Innu Malti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>) "The Maltese Hymn"<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="49" data-mwtitle="Malta_National_Anthem.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Malta_National_Anthem.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/Malta_National_Anthem.ogg/Malta_National_Anthem.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMalta_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMalta_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMalta_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMalta_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=is&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="is" label="íslenska ‪(is)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMalta_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=it&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="it" label="italiano ‪(it)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMalta_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=mt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mt" label="Malti ‪(mt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMalta_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMalta_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Malta.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Malta (green circle) – in Europe (light green & dark grey) – in the European Union (light green)  –  [Legend]"><img alt="Location of Malta (green circle) – in Europe (light green & dark grey) – in the European Union (light green)  –  [Legend]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/EU-Malta.svg/250px-EU-Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/EU-Malta.svg/375px-EU-Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/EU-Malta.svg/500px-EU-Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of Malta (green circle)– in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (light green & dark grey) – in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (light green)  –  [<a href="/wiki/File:EU-Malta.svg" title="File:EU-Malta.svg">Legend</a>]</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Malta&params=35_54_N_14_31_E_type:city">35°54′N 14°31′E / 35.900°N 14.517°E / 35.900; 14.517</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest <a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Malta" title="Local councils of Malta">administrative unit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Bay" title="St. Paul's Bay">St. Paul's Bay</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Sign_Language" title="Maltese Sign Language">Maltese Sign Language</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maltese_Italian" title="Maltese Italian">Italian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2021<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>89.1% <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_race" title="Caucasian race">Caucasian</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[a]</a></li><li>5.2% <a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">Asian</a></li><li>1.7% <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a></li><li>1.5% <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Africa" title="Demographics of Africa">African</a></li><li>1.3% <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Latino_(demonym)" title="Latino (demonym)">Latino</a></li><li>1.2% More than one origin</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2021)<a href="#cite_note-2021_census-1-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Census_statistics-7">[6]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>88.5% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li>82.6% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in Malta">Catholicism</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="State Religion">official</a>)</li> <li>5.9% other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li>5.1% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li>3.9% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malta" title="Islam in Malta">Islam</a></li><li>1.4% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Malta" title="Hinduism in Malta">Hinduism</a></li><li>1.1% other</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_people" title="Maltese people">Maltese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malta" title="Politics of Malta">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_parliamentary_republic" title="Unitary parliamentary republic">Unitary parliamentary republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono" title="Myriam Spiteri Debono">Myriam Spiteri Debono</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Robert Abela</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malta" title="Parliament of Malta">Parliament of Malta</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Independence <div class="ib-country-sovereignty">from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/State_of_Malta" title="State of Malta">State of Malta</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">21 September 1964</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Republic </div></th><td class="infobox-data">13 December 1974</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malta" title="Geography of Malta">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">316<a href="#cite_note-Zammit-8">[7]</a> km2 (122 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">187th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.001</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malta" title="Demographics of Malta">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2021 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">542,051<a href="#cite_note-NSO-9">[8]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,649/km2 (4,270.9/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">8th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $36.870 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MT-10">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">140th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $67,682<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MT-10">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">20th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $22.737 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MT-10">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">118th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $41,738<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MT-10">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">25th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2020)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 31.4<a href="#cite_note-eurogini-11">[10]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.915<a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-12">[11]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">25th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+1 (Central European Time)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2 (Central European Summer Time)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Malta" title="Telephone numbers in Malta">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Malta" title="Telephone numbers in Malta">+356</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:MT" title="ISO 3166-2:MT">MT</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.mt" title=".mt">.mt</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#endnote_b">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-alpha"> <li value="1"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_a">^</a> 2021 Malta census Chapter 4: Racial Origin according to the most recent national census. Meanwhile 77.8% of the population were Maltese citizens or nationals.<a href="#cite_note-Census2021_1_116-13">[12]</a></li><li value="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_b">^</a> Also .eu, shared with other European Union member states</li> </ol></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Malta (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈmɒltə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/23\/En-us-Malta.ogg\/En-us-Malta.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Malta.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-Malta.ogg/En-us-Malta.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Malta.ogg" title="File:En-us-Malta.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">MOL-tə</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈmɔːltə/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">MAWL-tə</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Maltese: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">[ˈmɐːltɐ]</a>), officially the Republic of Malta,<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island country</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, between Sicily and North Africa. It consists of an <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> 80 km (50 mi) south of Italy, 284 km (176 mi) east of Tunisia,<a href="#cite_note-ashby-16">[15]</a> and 333 km (207 mi) north of Libya.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> The two official languages are <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. The country's capital is <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, which is the smallest capital city in the EU by both area and population. With a population of about 542,000<a href="#cite_note-NSO-9">[8]</a> over an area of 316 km2 (122 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-Zammit-8">[7]</a> Malta is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">tenth-smallest country by area</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">ninth most densely populated</a>. Various sources consider the country to consist of a single urban region,<a href="#cite_note-WUP-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-ESPON-EUC-22">[21]</a> for which it is often described as a <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GMB_Publishing-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-creativemalta-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-doi-25">[24]</a> Malta has been inhabited since about 5900 BC.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Its location in the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> has historically given it great <a href="/wiki/Geostrategy" title="Geostrategy">geostrategic</a> importance, with a succession of powers having ruled the islands and shaped its culture and society.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> These include the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greeks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mediterranean_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Mediterranean Sea">antiquity</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragonese</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>, and <a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Modern_era" title="Modern era">modern era</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Malta came under <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">British rule</a> in the early 19th century and served as the headquarters for the British <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Fleet" title="Mediterranean Fleet">Mediterranean Fleet</a>. It was <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">besieged by the Axis powers during World War II</a> and was an important Allied base for North Africa and the Mediterranean.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> Malta achieved independence in 1964,<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> and established its current parliamentary republic in 1974. It has been a member state of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> since independence; it joined the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> in 2004 and the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a> monetary union in 2008. Malta's long history of foreign rule and close proximity to both Europe and North Africa have influenced its art, music, cuisine, and architecture. Malta has close historical and cultural ties to Italy and especially <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>; between 62 and 66 percent of <a href="/wiki/Maltese_people" title="Maltese people">Maltese people</a> speak or have significant knowledge of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian language</a>, which had official status from 1530 to 1934.<a href="#cite_note-Eurobarometer-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-skills2022-34">[33]</a> Malta was an <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early centre of Christianity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> is the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a>, although the country's <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malta" title="Constitution of Malta">constitution</a> guarantees freedom of conscience and religious worship.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-cia-36">[35]</a> Malta is a <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed country</a> with an advanced <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malta" title="Economy of Malta">high-income economy</a>. It is heavily reliant on tourism, attracting both travelers and a growing expatriate community with its warm climate, numerous recreational areas, and architectural and historical monuments, including three <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> World Heritage Sites: <a href="/wiki/%C4%A6al_Saflieni_Hypogeum" title="Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum">Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum</a>,<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> Valletta,<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> and seven <a href="/wiki/Megalithic_Temples_of_Malta" title="Megalithic Temples of Malta">megalithic temples</a> which are some of the oldest free-standing structures in the world.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-b1-41">[40]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> name <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Malta" class="extiw" title="wikt:Malta">Malta</a> derives from <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a> Malta, from medieval <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> Māliṭā (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:مالطا">مَالِطَا</a>), from classical <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Melita" class="extiw" title="wikt:Melita">Melita</a>,<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> from <a href="/wiki/Latinization_of_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinization of names">latinised</a> or <a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Doric Greek language">Doric</a> forms<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">ancient Greek</a> Melítē (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:Μελίτη">Μελίτη</a>) of uncertain origin. The name Melítē—shared by the <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatian</a> <a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of Croatia">island</a> <a href="/wiki/Mljet" title="Mljet">Mljet</a> in antiquity—literally means "place of honey" or "sweetness", derived from the combining form of méli (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9" class="extiw" title="wikt:μέλι">μέλι</a>, "honey" or any similarly sweet thing)<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a> -ē (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%CE%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:-η">-η</a>). The ancient Greeks may have given the island this name after Malta's <a href="/wiki/Maltese_honey_bee" title="Maltese honey bee">endemic subspecies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bee" title="Bee">bees</a>.<a href="#cite_note-malticross-45">[44]</a> Alternatively, other scholars argue for derivation of the Greek name from an original <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_language" title="Phoenician language">Phoenician</a> or <a href="/wiki/Punic_language" title="Punic language">Punic</a> Maleth (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%90%A4%8C%F0%90%A4%8B%F0%90%A4%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:𐤌𐤋𐤈">𐤌𐤋𐤈</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style>mlṭ), meaning "haven"<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> or "port"<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> in reference to the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Harbour" title="Grand Harbour">Grand Harbour</a> and its primary settlement at <a href="/wiki/Cospicua" title="Cospicua">Cospicua</a> following the sea level rise that separated the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Maltese islands">Maltese islands</a> and flooded its original coastal settlements in the 10th century BC.<a href="#cite_note-vel-48">[47]</a> The name was then applied to all of <a href="/wiki/Malta_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Malta Island">Malta</a> by the Greeks and to <a href="/wiki/Melite_(ancient_city)" title="Melite (ancient city)">its ancient capital</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a> by the Romans.<a href="#cite_note-vel-48">[47]</a> Malta and its <a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">demonym</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maltese" class="extiw" title="wikt:Maltese">Maltese</a> are attested in English from the late 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> The Greek name appears in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Acts" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Acts">Book of Acts</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>'s <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Bible_translations" title="List of English Bible translations">English translations</a> including the 1611 <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> long used the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate_Latin" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulgate Latin">Vulgate Latin</a> form Melita, although <a href="/wiki/William_Tyndale" title="William Tyndale">William Tyndale</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tyndale_Bible" title="Tyndale Bible">1525 translation</a> from Greek sources used the transliteration Melite instead. Malta is widely used in more recent versions. The name is attested earlier in other languages, however, including some medieval <a href="/wiki/Manuscriptology" title="Manuscriptology">manuscripts</a> of the Latin <a href="/wiki/Antonine_Itinerary" title="Antonine Itinerary">Antonine Itinerary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Malta" title="History of Malta">History of Malta</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Megalithic_Temples_of_Malta" title="Megalithic Temples of Malta">Megalithic Temples of Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%A6al_Saflieni_Hypogeum" title="Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum">Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7ar_Dalam" title="Għar Dalam">Għar Dalam</a></div> Malta has been inhabited from circa 5900 BC,<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> since the arrival of settlers originating from <a href="/wiki/European_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="European Neolithic">European Neolithic</a> agriculturalists.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Pottery found by archaeologists at the <a href="/wiki/Skorba_Temples" title="Skorba Temples">Skorba Temples</a> resembles that found in Italy, and suggests that the Maltese islands were first settled in 5200 BC by <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a> hunters or farmers who had arrived from Sicily, possibly the <a href="/wiki/Sicani" title="Sicani">Sicani</a>. The extinction of the <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_melitensis" title="Hippopotamus melitensis">dwarf hippos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_falconeri" title="Cygnus falconeri">giant swans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palaeoloxodon_falconeri" title="Palaeoloxodon falconeri">dwarf elephants</a> has been linked to the earliest arrival of humans on Malta.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Prehistoric farming settlements dating to the <a href="/wiki/Early_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Neolithic">Early Neolithic</a> include <a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7ar_Dalam" title="Għar Dalam">Għar Dalam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Skeates2010-55">[54]</a> The population on Malta grew <a href="/wiki/Cereals" class="mw-redirect" title="Cereals">cereals</a>, raised livestock and, in common with other ancient Mediterranean cultures, worshipped a <a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">fertility figure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ggantija_Temples,_Xaghra,_Gozo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ggantija_Temples%2C_Xaghra%2C_Gozo.jpg/220px-Ggantija_Temples%2C_Xaghra%2C_Gozo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ggantija_Temples%2C_Xaghra%2C_Gozo.jpg/330px-Ggantija_Temples%2C_Xaghra%2C_Gozo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ggantija_Temples%2C_Xaghra%2C_Gozo.jpg/440px-Ggantija_Temples%2C_Xaghra%2C_Gozo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3871" data-file-height="2581" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C4%A0gantija" title="Ġgantija">Ġgantija</a> <a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalithic</a> temple complex</figcaption></figure> A culture of <a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalithic</a> temple builders then either supplanted or arose from this early period. Around 3500 BC, these people built some of the oldest existing free-standing structures in the world in the form of the megalithic <a href="/wiki/%C4%A0gantija" title="Ġgantija">Ġgantija</a> temples on <a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a>;<a href="#cite_note-otsf-57">[56]</a> other early temples include those at <a href="/wiki/%C4%A6a%C4%A1ar_Qim" title="Ħaġar Qim">Ħaġar Qim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mnajdra" title="Mnajdra">Mnajdra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-b1-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> The temples have distinctive architecture, typically a complex <a href="/wiki/Trefoil" title="Trefoil">trefoil</a> design, and were used from 4000 to 2500 BC. Tentative information suggests that <a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">animal sacrifices</a> were made to the goddess of fertility, whose statue is now in the National Museum of Archaeology in Valletta.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> Another archaeological feature of the Maltese Islands often attributed to these ancient builders is equidistant uniform grooves dubbed "cart tracks" or "cart ruts" which can be found in several locations throughout the islands, with the most prominent being those found in <a href="/wiki/Misra%C4%A7_G%C4%A7ar_il-Kbir" title="Misraħ Għar il-Kbir">Misraħ Għar il-Kbir</a>. These may have been caused by wooden-wheeled carts eroding soft limestone.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> The culture apparently disappeared from the islands around 2500 BC, possibly due to famine or disease. After 2500 BC, the Maltese Islands were depopulated for several decades until an influx of <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> immigrants, a culture that <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">cremated</a> its dead and introduced smaller megalithic structures called <a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">dolmens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> They are claimed to belong to a population certainly different from that which built the previous megalithic temples. It is presumed the population arrived from <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> because of the similarity of Maltese dolmens to some small constructions found there.<a href="#cite_note-Piccolo-dolmens-64">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phoenicians,_Carthaginians_and_Romans">Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Romans</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Romans">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cippi_of_Melqart" title="Cippi of Melqart">Cippi of Melqart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicilia_(Roman_province)" title="Sicilia (Roman province)">Sicilia (Roman province)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Malta" title="Byzantine Malta">Byzantine Malta</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justinian555AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Justinian555AD.png/220px-Justinian555AD.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Justinian555AD.png/330px-Justinian555AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Justinian555AD.png/440px-Justinian555AD.png 2x" data-file-width="2111" data-file-height="1144" /></a><figcaption> The lands which comprise modern-day Malta were a part of the Byzantine Empire (the empire in 555 under <a href="/wiki/Justinian_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinian the Great">Justinian the Great</a>, at its greatest extent since the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a> (its <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassals</a> in pink)).</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> traders<a href="#cite_note-ndmh-65">[64]</a> <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_colonization" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenician colonization">colonised</a> the islands under the name Ann (𐤀𐤍𐤍‎, ʾNN)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECulican1992-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiligheddu2006-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-vel-48">[47]</a> sometime after 1000 BC<a href="#cite_note-ashby-16">[15]</a> as a stop on their trade routes from the eastern <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Their seat of government was apparently at <a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a>, which shared the island's name;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECulican1992-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiligheddu2006-67">[66]</a> the primary port was at <a href="/wiki/Cospicua" title="Cospicua">Cospicua</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Harbour" title="Grand Harbour">Grand Harbour</a>, which they called Maleth.<a href="#cite_note-vel-48">[47]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tyre_(332_BC)" title="Siege of Tyre (332 BC)">fall of Phoenicia</a> in 332 BC, the area came under the control of <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ashby-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-maltihist-69">[68]</a> During this time, the people on Malta mainly cultivated <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ceratonia_siliqua" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratonia siliqua">carob</a> and produced textiles.<a href="#cite_note-maltihist-69">[68]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Malta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Roman_Malta.jpg/220px-Roman_Malta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Roman_Malta.jpg/330px-Roman_Malta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Roman_Malta.jpg/440px-Roman_Malta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> mosaic from the <a href="/wiki/Domvs_Romana" title="Domvs Romana">Domvs Romana</a></figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First Punic War</a>, the island was conquered after harsh fighting by <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Atilius_Regulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Atilius Regulus">Marcus Atilius Regulus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ei-70">[69]</a> After the failure of his expedition, the island fell back in the hands of Carthage, only to be <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Malta_(218_BC)" title="Capture of Malta (218 BC)">conquered again</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a> in 218 BC by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_consul" title="Roman consul">Roman consul</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Sempronius_Longus_(consul_218_BC)" title="Tiberius Sempronius Longus (consul 218 BC)">Tiberius Sempronius Longus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ei-70">[69]</a> After that, Malta became a <a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">Foederata Civitas</a>, a designation that meant it was exempt from paying <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a> or the rule of <a href="/wiki/Roman_law" title="Roman law">Roman law</a>, and fell within the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sicilia_(Roman_province)" title="Sicilia (Roman province)">Sicily</a>.<a href="#cite_note-malticross-45">[44]</a> Its capital at Mdina was renamed <a href="/wiki/Melita_(ancient_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melita (ancient city)">Melita</a> after the Greek and Roman name for the island. Punic influence, however, remained vibrant on the islands with the famous <a href="/wiki/Cippi_of_Melqart" title="Cippi of Melqart">Cippi of Melqart</a>, pivotal in deciphering the <a href="/wiki/Punic_language" title="Punic language">Punic language</a>, dedicated in the second century BC.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> Local Roman coinage, which ceased in the first century BC,<a href="#cite_note-cassar56–57-73">[72]</a> indicates the slow pace of the island's Romanisation: the last locally minted coins still bear inscriptions in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> and Punic motifs, showing the resistance of the Greek and Punic cultures.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> In the second century, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> (r. 117–38) upgraded the status of Malta to a <a href="/wiki/Municipium" title="Municipium">municipium</a> or free town: the island's local affairs were administered by four <a href="/wiki/Duumviri" title="Duumviri">quattuorviri iuri dicundo</a> and a municipal senate, while a Roman <a href="/wiki/Procurator_(Roman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Procurator (Roman)">procurator</a> living in <a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a> represented the <a href="/wiki/Proconsul" title="Proconsul">proconsul</a> of Sicily.<a href="#cite_note-ei-70">[69]</a> In AD 58, <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke the Evangelist</a> were shipwrecked on the islands.<a href="#cite_note-ei-70">[69]</a> Paul remained for three months, preaching the <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Christian faith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ei-70">[69]</a> The island is mentioned at the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> as Melitene (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Μελιτήνη).<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> In 395, when the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Division of the Roman Empire">Roman Empire was divided for the last time</a> at the death of <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a>, Malta, following Sicily, fell under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Fall of the Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire declined</a>, Malta was conquered or occupied a number of times.<a href="#cite_note-cassar56–57-73">[72]</a> From 454 to 464 the islands were subdued by the <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>, and after 464 by the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ei-70">[69]</a> In 533, <a href="/wiki/Belisarius" title="Belisarius">Belisarius</a>, on his way to conquer the <a href="/wiki/Vandal_Kingdom" title="Vandal Kingdom">Vandal Kingdom</a> in North Africa, reunited the islands under Imperial (<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern</a>) rule.<a href="#cite_note-ei-70">[69]</a> Little is known about the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Malta" title="Byzantine Malta">Byzantine rule in Malta</a>: the island depended on the <a href="/wiki/Sicily_(theme)" title="Sicily (theme)">theme of Sicily</a> and had Greek Governors and a small Greek garrison.<a href="#cite_note-ei-70">[69]</a> While the bulk of population continued to be constituted by the old, Latinized dwellers, during this period its religious allegiance oscillated between the Pope and the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarch of Constantinople</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ei-70">[69]</a> The Byzantine rule introduced <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> families to the Maltese collective.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> Malta remained under the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> until 870, when it was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ei-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_period_and_the_Middle_Ages">Arab period and the Middle Ages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Arab period and the Middle Ages">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_wars" title="Arab–Byzantine wars">Arab–Byzantine wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malta" title="Islam in Malta">Islam in Malta</a></div> Malta became involved in the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_wars" title="Arab–Byzantine wars">Arab–Byzantine wars</a>, and the conquest of Malta is closely linked with <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Sicily" title="Muslim conquest of Sicily">that of Sicily</a> that began in 827 after <a href="/wiki/Euphemius_(Sicily)" title="Euphemius (Sicily)">Admiral Euphemius</a>' betrayal of his fellow Byzantines, requesting that the <a href="/wiki/Aghlabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aghlabids">Aghlabids</a> invade the island.<a href="#cite_note-stan-79">[78]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> chronicler and geographer <a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Rawd_al-Mitar" title="Kitab al-Rawd al-Mitar">al-Himyari</a> recounts that in 870, following <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Melite_(870)" title="Siege of Melite (870)">a violent struggle</a> against the defending Byzantines, the Arab invaders, first led by Halaf al-Hadim, and later by Sawada ibn Muhammad,<a href="#cite_note-Travel_Malta-80">[79]</a> pillaged the island, destroying the most important buildings, and leaving it practically uninhabited until it was recolonised by the Arabs from Sicily in 1048–1049.<a href="#cite_note-Travel_Malta-80">[79]</a> It is uncertain whether this new settlement resulted from demographic expansion in Sicily, a higher <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living" title="Standard of living">standard of living</a> in Sicily (in which case the recolonisation may have taken place a few decades earlier), or a civil war which broke out among the Arab rulers of Sicily in 1038.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Arab_Agricultural_Revolution" title="Arab Agricultural Revolution">Arab Agricultural Revolution</a> introduced new irrigation, cotton, and some fruits. The <a href="/wiki/Siculo-Arabic" title="Siculo-Arabic">Siculo-Arabic</a> language was adopted on the island from Sicily; it would eventually evolve into the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norman_conquest">Norman conquest</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Norman conquest">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Malta" title="Norman invasion of Malta">Norman invasion of Malta</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roger_I_of_Sicily_(Troina).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Roger_I_of_Sicily_%28Troina%29.jpg/170px-Roger_I_of_Sicily_%28Troina%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Roger_I_of_Sicily_%28Troina%29.jpg/255px-Roger_I_of_Sicily_%28Troina%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Roger_I_of_Sicily_%28Troina%29.jpg/340px-Roger_I_of_Sicily_%28Troina%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roger_I_of_Sicily" title="Roger I of Sicily">Roger I of Sicily</a> returned Malta to Christian rule.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a> attacked Malta in 1091, as part of their <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of Sicily">conquest of Sicily</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> The Norman leader, <a href="/wiki/Roger_I_of_Sicily" title="Roger I of Sicily">Roger I of Sicily</a>, was welcomed by Christian captives.<a href="#cite_note-malticross-45">[44]</a> The notion that Count Roger I reportedly tore off a portion of his checkered red-and-white banner and presented it to the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_people" title="Maltese people">Maltese</a> in gratitude for having fought on his behalf, forming the basis of the modern <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malta" title="Flag of Malta">flag of Malta</a>, is founded in myth.<a href="#cite_note-malticross-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> Malta became part of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>, which also covered the island of Sicily and the southern half of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-malticross-45">[44]</a> The Roman Catholic Church was reinstated as the state religion, with Malta under the <a href="/wiki/See_of_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="See of Palermo">See of Palermo</a>, and some <a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman architecture</a> sprang up around Malta, especially in its ancient capital <a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-malticross-45">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/King_Tancred" class="mw-redirect" title="King Tancred">King Tancred</a> made Malta a <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a> of the kingdom and installed a <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Malta" title="Count of Malta">Count of Malta</a> in 1192. As the islands were much desired due to their strategic importance, it was during this time that the men of Malta were militarised to fend off attempted conquest; early Counts were skilled <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a> <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-malticross-45">[44]</a> The kingdom passed on to the <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen</a> dynasty from 1194 until 1266. As <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Frederick_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Frederick II">Emperor Frederick II</a> began to reorganise his Sicilian kingdom, Western culture and religion started to exert their influence more intensely.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> Malta was declared a county and a <a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">marquisate</a>, but its trade was totally ruined. For a long time it remained solely a fortified <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> A mass expulsion of Arabs occurred in 1224, and the entire Christian male population of <a href="/wiki/Celano" title="Celano">Celano</a> in Abruzzo was deported to Malta in the same year.<a href="#cite_note-malticross-45">[44]</a> In 1249 <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, decreed that all remaining Muslims be expelled from Malta<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> or compelled to convert.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> For a brief period, the kingdom passed to the <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Capetian House of Anjou</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> but high taxes made the dynasty unpopular in Malta, due in part to <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Naples">Charles of Anjou</a>'s war against the Republic of Genoa, and the island of <a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a> was sacked in 1275.<a href="#cite_note-malticross-45">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crown_of_Aragon,_the_Knights_of_Malta_and_Portuguese_Rule">Crown of Aragon, the Knights of Malta and Portuguese Rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Crown of Aragon, the Knights of Malta and Portuguese Rule">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/County_of_Sicily" title="County of Sicily">County of Sicily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Malta" title="Hospitaller Malta">Hospitaller Malta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Great Siege of Malta</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandiera_del_Regno_di_Sicilia_4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bandiera_del_Regno_di_Sicilia_4.svg/220px-Bandiera_del_Regno_di_Sicilia_4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bandiera_del_Regno_di_Sicilia_4.svg/330px-Bandiera_del_Regno_di_Sicilia_4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bandiera_del_Regno_di_Sicilia_4.svg/440px-Bandiera_del_Regno_di_Sicilia_4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the Aragonese <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a></figcaption></figure> Malta was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Barcelona" title="House of Barcelona">House of Barcelona</a>, the ruling dynasty of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a>, from 1282 to 1409,<a href="#cite_note-culturalheritage.gov.mt-91">[90]</a> with the Aragonese aiding the Maltese insurgents in the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Vespers" title="Sicilian Vespers">Sicilian Vespers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malta" title="Battle of Malta">the naval battle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Harbour" title="Grand Harbour">Grand Harbour</a> in 1283.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> Relatives of the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Aragon">kings of Aragon</a> ruled the island until 1409 when it formally passed to the Crown of Aragon. Early on in the Aragonese ascendancy, the sons of the monarchs received the title <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Malta" title="Count of Malta">Count of Malta</a>. During this time much of the local nobility was created. By 1397, however, the bearing of the comital title reverted to a feudal basis, with two families fighting over the distinction. This led King <a href="/wiki/Martin_I_of_Sicily" title="Martin I of Sicily">Martin I of Sicily</a> to abolish the title. The dispute over the title returned when the title was reinstated a few years later and the Maltese, led by the local nobility, rose up against Count Gonsalvo Monroy.<a href="#cite_note-malticross-45">[44]</a> Although they opposed the Count, the Maltese voiced their loyalty to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Sicily">Sicilian Crown</a>, which so impressed <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso V of Aragon">King Alfonso</a> that he did not punish the people for their rebellion. Instead, he promised never to grant the title to a third party and incorporated it back into the crown. The city of <a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a> was given the title of Città Notabile.<a href="#cite_note-malticross-45">[44]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta_-_Mdina_-_Pjazza_San_Pawl_%2B_St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_ex_01_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Malta_-_Mdina_-_Pjazza_San_Pawl_%2B_St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_ex_01_ies.jpg/220px-Malta_-_Mdina_-_Pjazza_San_Pawl_%2B_St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_ex_01_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Malta_-_Mdina_-_Pjazza_San_Pawl_%2B_St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_ex_01_ies.jpg/330px-Malta_-_Mdina_-_Pjazza_San_Pawl_%2B_St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_ex_01_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Malta_-_Mdina_-_Pjazza_San_Pawl_%2B_St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_ex_01_ies.jpg/440px-Malta_-_Mdina_-_Pjazza_San_Pawl_%2B_St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_ex_01_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Cathedral,_Mdina" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul's Cathedral, Mdina">St. Paul's Cathedral, Mdina</a> built in the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> style</figcaption></figure> On 23 March 1530,<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, gave the islands to the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> under the leadership of Frenchman <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Villiers_de_L%27Isle-Adam" title="Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam">Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam</a>,<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-95">[94]</a> in perpetual lease for which they had to pay an annual <a href="/wiki/Tribute_of_the_Maltese_Falcon" title="Tribute of the Maltese Falcon">tribute of a single Maltese Falcon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-odonnel-97">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-perez-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-tc1-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-tc2-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-abc-102">[101]</a> These knights, a military religious order also known as the Order of St John and later as the Knights of Malta, had been driven out of <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in 1522.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">The Knights Hospitaller</a> ruled Malta and Gozo between 1530 and 1798.<a href="#cite_note-Devrim._2008-104">[103]</a> During this period, the strategic and military importance of the island grew greatly as the small yet efficient fleet of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Order of Saint John</a> launched their attacks from this new base targeting the shipping lanes of the Ottoman territories around the Mediterranean Sea.<a href="#cite_note-Devrim._2008-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> In 1551, the population of the island of <a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a> (around 5,000 people) were enslaved by <a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" title="Barbary pirates">Barbary pirates</a> and taken to the <a href="/wiki/Barbary_Coast" title="Barbary Coast">Barbary Coast</a> in North Africa.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matteo_Perez_d%27_Aleccio_(1547-1616)_-_The_Siege_of_Malta,_Attack_on_the_Post_of_the_Castilian_Knights,_21_August_1565_-_BHC0257_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Matteo_Perez_d%27_Aleccio_%281547-1616%29_-_The_Siege_of_Malta%2C_Attack_on_the_Post_of_the_Castilian_Knights%2C_21_August_1565_-_BHC0257_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg/220px-Matteo_Perez_d%27_Aleccio_%281547-1616%29_-_The_Siege_of_Malta%2C_Attack_on_the_Post_of_the_Castilian_Knights%2C_21_August_1565_-_BHC0257_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Matteo_Perez_d%27_Aleccio_%281547-1616%29_-_The_Siege_of_Malta%2C_Attack_on_the_Post_of_the_Castilian_Knights%2C_21_August_1565_-_BHC0257_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg/330px-Matteo_Perez_d%27_Aleccio_%281547-1616%29_-_The_Siege_of_Malta%2C_Attack_on_the_Post_of_the_Castilian_Knights%2C_21_August_1565_-_BHC0257_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Matteo_Perez_d%27_Aleccio_%281547-1616%29_-_The_Siege_of_Malta%2C_Attack_on_the_Post_of_the_Castilian_Knights%2C_21_August_1565_-_BHC0257_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg/440px-Matteo_Perez_d%27_Aleccio_%281547-1616%29_-_The_Siege_of_Malta%2C_Attack_on_the_Post_of_the_Castilian_Knights%2C_21_August_1565_-_BHC0257_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>Ottoman attack on the post of the <a href="/wiki/Langue_(Knights_Hospitaller)" title="Langue (Knights Hospitaller)">Castilian knights</a> on 21 August 1565</figcaption></figure> The knights, led by Frenchman <a href="/wiki/Jean_Parisot_de_Valette" title="Jean Parisot de Valette">Jean Parisot de Valette</a>, withstood the <a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Great Siege of Malta</a> by the Ottomans in 1565.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-95">[94]</a> The knights, with the help of Portuguese, Spanish and Maltese forces, repelled the attack.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> After the siege they decided to increase Malta's <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortifications</a>, particularly in the inner-harbour area, where the new city of <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, named in honour of Valette, was built. They also established <a href="/wiki/Watchtower" title="Watchtower">watchtowers</a> along the coasts – the <a href="/wiki/Wignacourt_towers" title="Wignacourt towers">Wignacourt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lascaris_towers" title="Lascaris towers">Lascaris</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_Redin_towers" title="De Redin towers">De Redin towers</a> – named after the Grand Masters who ordered the work. The Knights' presence on the island saw the completion of many architectural and cultural projects, including the embellishment of Città Vittoriosa (modern <a href="/wiki/Birgu" title="Birgu">Birgu</a>) and the construction of new cities including Città Rohan (modern <a href="/wiki/%C4%A6a%C5%BC-%C5%BBebbu%C4%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ħaż-Żebbuġ">Ħaż-Żebbuġ</a>). However, by the late 1700s the power of the Knights had declined and the Order had become unpopular. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_period_and_British_conquest">French period and British conquest</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: French period and British conquest">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/French_occupation_of_Malta" title="French occupation of Malta">French occupation of Malta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(1798%E2%80%931800)" title="Siege of Malta (1798–1800)">Siege of Malta (1798–1800)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoleonbonapartemalta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Napoleonbonapartemalta.jpg/150px-Napoleonbonapartemalta.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Napoleonbonapartemalta.jpg/225px-Napoleonbonapartemalta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Napoleonbonapartemalta.jpg/300px-Napoleonbonapartemalta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Bust of Bonaparte at <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Parisio_(Valletta)" title="Palazzo Parisio (Valletta)">Palazzo Parisio</a> in Valletta</figcaption></figure> The Knights' reign ended when <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon</a> captured Malta on his way to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars:_Campaigns_of_1798" class="mw-redirect" title="French Revolutionary Wars: Campaigns of 1798">French Revolutionary Wars</a> in 1798. During 12–18 June 1798, Napoleon resided at the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Parisio_(Valletta)" title="Palazzo Parisio (Valletta)">Palazzo Parisio</a> in Valletta.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> He reformed national administration with the creation of a Government Commission, twelve municipalities, a public finance administration, the abolition of all feudal rights and privileges, the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolitionism in France">abolition of slavery</a> and the granting of freedom to all <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> slaves.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-stbenedict-113">[112]</a> On the judicial level, a family code was framed and twelve judges were nominated. <a href="/wiki/Public_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Public education">Public education</a> was organised along principles laid down by Bonaparte himself, providing for primary and secondary education.<a href="#cite_note-stbenedict-113">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> He then sailed for Egypt, leaving a substantial garrison in Malta.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> The French forces left behind became unpopular with the Maltese, due particularly to the French forces' hostility towards Catholicism and pillaging of local churches to fund war efforts. French financial and religious policies so angered the Maltese that they rebelled, forcing the French to depart. Great Britain, along with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>, sent ammunition and aid to the Maltese, and Britain also sent <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">its navy</a>, which blockaded the islands.<a href="#cite_note-stbenedict-113">[112]</a> On 28 October 1798, Captain Sir <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ball" title="Alexander Ball">Alexander Ball</a> successfully completed negotiations with the French garrison on Gozo for a surrender and transfer of the island to the British. The British transferred the island to the locals that day, and it was administered by Archpriest <a href="/wiki/Saverio_Cassar" title="Saverio Cassar">Saverio Cassar</a> on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand III of Sicily</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gozo_(independent_state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gozo (independent state)">Gozo remained independent</a> until Cassar was removed by the British in 1801.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> General <a href="/wiki/Claude-Henri_Belgrand_de_Vaubois" title="Claude-Henri Belgrand de Vaubois">Claude-Henri Belgrand de Vaubois</a> surrendered his French forces in 1800.<a href="#cite_note-stbenedict-113">[112]</a> Maltese leaders presented the main island to Sir Alexander Ball, asking that the island become a British <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominion</a>. The Maltese people created a <a href="/wiki/Malta_Protectorate#Declaration_of_Rights" title="Malta Protectorate">Declaration of Rights</a> in which they agreed to come "under the protection and sovereignty of the King of the free people, His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland". The Declaration also stated that "his Majesty has no right to cede these Islands to any power...if he chooses to withdraw his protection, and abandon his sovereignty, the right of electing another sovereign, or of the governing of these Islands, belongs to us, the inhabitants and aborigines alone, and without control."<a href="#cite_note-stbenedict-113">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-1940-43-117">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Empire_and_the_Second_World_War">British Empire and the Second World War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: British Empire and the Second World War">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Malta_Protectorate" title="Malta Protectorate">Malta Protectorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Crown Colony of Malta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">Siege of Malta (World War II)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BombDamageMalta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/BombDamageMalta.jpg/220px-BombDamageMalta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/BombDamageMalta.jpg/330px-BombDamageMalta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/BombDamageMalta.jpg/440px-BombDamageMalta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption>The heavily bomb-damaged Kingsway (now Republic Street) in Valletta during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">siege of Malta</a>, 1942</figcaption></figure> In 1814, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Treaty of Paris (1814)">Treaty of Paris</a>,<a href="#cite_note-stbenedict-113">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-DIC_11-118">[117]</a> Malta officially became a part of the British Empire and was used as a shipping way-station and fleet headquarters. After the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> opened in 1869, Malta's position halfway between the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a> and Egypt proved to be its main asset, and it was considered an important stop on the way to India, a central trade route for the British. A <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Military_Cemetery" title="Turkish Military Cemetery">Turkish Military Cemetery</a> was commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abdul_Aziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Abdul Aziz">Sultan Abdul Aziz</a> and built between 1873 and 1874 for the fallen Ottoman soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Great Siege of Malta</a>. Between 1915 and 1918, during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, Malta became known as the Nurse of the Mediterranean due to the large number of wounded soldiers who were accommodated there.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> In 1919, British troops fired into a crowd protesting against new taxes, killing four. The event, known as <a href="/wiki/Sette_Giugno" title="Sette Giugno">Sette Giugno</a> ("7 June"), is commemorated every year and is one of five National Days.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> Until the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Maltese politics was dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Language_Question_(Malta)" title="Language Question (Malta)">Language Question</a> fought out by <a href="/wiki/Italophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Italophone">Italophone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglophone">Anglophone</a> parties.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> Before the Second World War, Valletta was the location of the Royal Navy's Mediterranean fleet headquarters; however, despite <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>'s objections,<a href="#cite_note-BJandCS-p36-123">[122]</a> the command was moved to <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, Egypt, in 1937 out of fear that it was too susceptible to air attacks from Europe.<a href="#cite_note-BJandCS-p36-123">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-ElliottP--pxx-125">[124]</a> During the war Malta played an important role for the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>; being a British colony, situated close to Sicily and the <a href="/wiki/Axis_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis Powers">Axis</a> shipping lanes, Malta was bombarded by the Italian and German air forces. Malta was used by the British to launch attacks on the Italian Navy and had a submarine base. It was also used as a listening post, intercepting German radio messages including <a href="/wiki/Enigma_(machine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enigma (machine)">Enigma</a> traffic.<a href="#cite_note-CP-p42-44-126">[125]</a> The bravery of the Maltese people during the second <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">siege of Malta</a> moved <a href="/wiki/King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King George VI">King George VI</a> to <a href="/wiki/Award_of_the_George_Cross_to_Malta" title="Award of the George Cross to Malta">award the George Cross to Malta</a> on a collective basis on 15 April 1942. Some historians argue that the award caused Britain to incur disproportionate losses in defending Malta, as British credibility would have suffered if Malta had surrendered, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">as British forces in Singapore had done</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> A depiction of the George Cross now appears on the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malta" title="Flag of Malta">Flag of Malta</a> and the country's <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malta" title="Coat of arms of Malta">arms</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_and_Republic">Independence and Republic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Independence and Republic">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/State_of_Malta" title="State of Malta">State of Malta</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maglio_gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Maglio_gardens.jpg/220px-Maglio_gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Maglio_gardens.jpg/330px-Maglio_gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Maglio_gardens.jpg/440px-Maglio_gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4486" data-file-height="2971" /></a><figcaption>Monument to the independence of Malta in <a href="/wiki/Floriana" title="Floriana">Floriana</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_(081).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/220px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/330px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/440px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>Malta joined the European Union in 2004 and signed the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Treaty">Lisbon Treaty</a> in 2007.</figcaption></figure> Malta achieved its independence as the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Malta" title="State of Malta">State of Malta</a> on 21 September 1964 (<a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Malta)" title="Independence Day (Malta)">Independence Day</a>). Under its 1964 constitution, Malta initially retained Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom">Elizabeth II</a> as <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">Queen of Malta</a> and thus head of state, with a <a href="/wiki/Governor-general" title="Governor-general">governor-general</a> exercising executive authority on her behalf. In 1971, the <a href="/wiki/Malta_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Malta Labour Party">Malta Labour Party</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Dom_Mintoff" title="Dom Mintoff">Dom Mintoff</a> won the general elections, resulting in Malta declaring itself a republic on 13 December 1974 (<a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(Malta)" title="Republic Day (Malta)">Republic Day</a>) within the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>. A defence agreement was signed soon after independence, and after being re-negotiated in 1972, expired on 31 March 1979 (<a href="/wiki/Freedom_Day_(Malta)" title="Freedom Day (Malta)">Freedom Day</a>).<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> Upon its expiry, the British base closed and lands formerly controlled by the British were given to the Maltese government.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> In the aftermath of the departure of the remaining British troops in 1979, the country intensified <a href="/wiki/Malta_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Malta and the Non-Aligned Movement">its participation in the Non-Aligned Movement</a>. Malta adopted a policy of <a href="/wiki/Neutral_country" title="Neutral country">neutrality</a> in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> In that same year, three of Malta's sites, including the capital <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, were inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage List">UNESCO World Heritage List</a>. In 1989, Malta was the venue of a <a href="/wiki/Malta_Summit" title="Malta Summit">summit</a> between US President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> and Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>, their first face-to-face encounter, which signalled the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malta_International_Airport" title="Malta International Airport">Malta International Airport</a> was inaugurated and became fully operational on 25 March 1992, boosting the local aircraft and tourism industry. A <a href="/wiki/2003_Maltese_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Maltese European Union membership referendum">referendum on joining the European Union</a> was held on 8 March 2003, with 53.65% in favour.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> Malta joined the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> on 1 May 2004<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a> on 1 January 2008.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malta" title="Politics of Malta">Politics of Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malta" title="Government of Malta">Government of Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Malta" title="Law of Malta">Law of Malta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of Malta">Foreign relations of Malta</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:164px;max-width:164px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Abela_-_Official_Portrait_2022_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Robert_Abela_-_Official_Portrait_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Robert_Abela_-_Official_Portrait_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Robert_Abela_-_Official_Portrait_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Robert_Abela_-_Official_Portrait_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Robert_Abela_-_Official_Portrait_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/320px-Robert_Abela_-_Official_Portrait_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="1276" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Robert Abela</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Prime Minister of Malta</a> since 13 January 2020</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta%E2%80%99s_Parliament_building_in_Valletta_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Malta%E2%80%99s_Parliament_building_in_Valletta_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Malta%E2%80%99s_Parliament_building_in_Valletta_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Malta%E2%80%99s_Parliament_building_in_Valletta_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Malta%E2%80%99s_Parliament_building_in_Valletta_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Malta%E2%80%99s_Parliament_building_in_Valletta_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Malta%E2%80%99s_Parliament_building_in_Valletta_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2340" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_House_(Malta)" title="Parliament House (Malta)">Parliament House</a> in Valletta</figcaption></figure> Malta is a republic<a href="#cite_note-constitution-35">[34]</a> whose <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">public administration</a> are closely modelled on the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> parliament is made up of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">president of Malta</a> and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives of Malta">House of Representatives</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>: Kamra tad-Deputati). The president of Malta, a largely ceremonial position, is appointed for a five-year term by a resolution of the House of Representatives carried by a simple majority. The House of Representatives has 65 members, elected for a five-year term in 13 five-seat electoral divisions, called distretti elettorali, with constitutional amendments that allow for mechanisms to establish strict proportionality amongst seats and votes of political parliamentary groups. Members of the House of Representatives are elected by direct universal suffrage through <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">single transferable vote</a> every five years, unless the House is dissolved earlier by the president either on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">prime minister</a> or through a motion of no confidence. Malta had the second-highest voter turnout in the world (and the highest for nations without <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandatory voting">mandatory voting</a>), based on election turnout in national <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> elections from 1960 to 1995.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> Since Malta is a republic, the head of state in Malta is the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">president of the republic</a>. The current president of the republic is <a href="/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono" title="Myriam Spiteri Debono">Myriam Spiteri Debono</a>, who was elected on 27 March 2024, by members of parliament in an <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">indirect election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> The 80th article of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malta" title="Constitution of Malta">Constitution of Malta</a> provides that the president appoint as prime minister "the member of the House of Representatives who, in his judgment, is best able to command the support of a majority of the members of that House".<a href="#cite_note-constitution-35">[34]</a> Maltese politics is a <a href="/wiki/Two-party_system" title="Two-party system">two-party system</a> dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Malta)" title="Labour Party (Malta)">Labour Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>: Partit Laburista), a centre-left <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democratic</a> party, and the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Malta)" title="Nationalist Party (Malta)">Nationalist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>: Partit Nazzjonalista), a centre-right <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democratic</a> party. The Labour Party has been the governing party since 2013 and is currently led by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Robert Abela</a>, who has been in office since 13 January 2020. There are a number of small political parties in Malta which have no parliamentary representation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Malta" title="Local councils of Malta">Local councils of Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Malta" title="Districts of Malta">Districts of Malta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Malta" title="Regions of Malta">Regions of Malta</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta_-_administrative_division.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Malta_-_administrative_division.svg/220px-Malta_-_administrative_division.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Malta_-_administrative_division.svg/330px-Malta_-_administrative_division.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Malta_-_administrative_division.svg/440px-Malta_-_administrative_division.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Malta" title="Local councils of Malta">Administrative divisions</a> of Malta</figcaption></figure> Malta has had a system of local government since 1993,<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/European_Charter_of_Local_Self-Government" title="European Charter of Local Self-Government">European Charter of Local Self-Government</a>. The country is divided into <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Malta" title="Regions of Malta">six regions</a> (one of them being Gozo), with each region having its own Regional Council, serving as the intermediate level between local government and national government.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> The regions are divided into <a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Malta" title="Local councils of Malta">local councils</a>, of which there are currently 68 (54 in Malta and 14 in <a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Malta" title="Districts of Malta">six districts</a> (five on Malta and the sixth being Gozo) serve primarily statistical purposes.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> Each council is made up of a number of councillors (from 5 to 13, depending on and relative to the population they represent). A mayor and a deputy mayor are elected by and from the councillors. The executive secretary, who is appointed by the council, is the executive, administrative and financial head of the council. Councillors are elected every four years through the single transferable vote. Due to system reforms, no elections were held before 2012. Since then, elections have been held every two years for an alternating half of the councils. Local councils are responsible for the general upkeep and embellishment of the locality (including repairs to non-arterial roads), allocation of local wardens, and refuse collection; they also carry out general administrative duties for the central government such as the collection of government rents and funds and answer government-related public inquiries. Additionally, a number of individual towns and villages in the Republic of Malta have <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Malta" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Malta">sister cities</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Military">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Armed Forces of Malta">Armed Forces of Malta</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta_armed_forces_marine_ships_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Malta_armed_forces_marine_ships_02.jpg/220px-Malta_armed_forces_marine_ships_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Malta_armed_forces_marine_ships_02.jpg/330px-Malta_armed_forces_marine_ships_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Malta_armed_forces_marine_ships_02.jpg/440px-Malta_armed_forces_marine_ships_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Maltese patrol ship at <a href="/wiki/Hay_Wharf" title="Hay Wharf">Hay Wharf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floriana" title="Floriana">Floriana</a></figcaption></figure> The objectives of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Armed Forces of Malta">Armed Forces of Malta</a> (AFM) are to maintain a military organisation with the primary aim of defending the islands' integrity according to the defence roles as set by the government in an efficient and cost-effective manner. This is achieved by emphasising the maintenance of Malta's territorial waters and airspace integrity.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> The AFM also engages in combating terrorism, fighting against illicit drug trafficking, conducting anti-illegal immigrant operations and patrols, and anti-illegal fishing operations, operating <a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue" title="Search and rescue">search and rescue</a> (SAR) services, and physical or electronic security and surveillance of sensitive locations. Malta's search-and-rescue area extends from east of <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> to west of <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, an area of around 250,000 km2 (97,000 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> As a military organisation, the AFM provides backup support to the <a href="/wiki/Malta_Police_Force" title="Malta Police Force">Malta Police Force</a> (MPF) and other government departments/agencies in situations as required in an organised, disciplined manner in the event of national emergencies (such as natural disasters) or internal security and bomb disposal.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> In 2020, Malta signed and ratified the UN <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Human rights">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Malta">LGBT rights in Malta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Malta" title="Human rights in Malta">Human rights in Malta</a></div> Malta is regarded as one of the most <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a>-supportive countries in the world,<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> and was the first nation in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> to prohibit <a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">conversion therapy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> Malta also constitutionally bans discrimination based on disability.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> Maltese legislation recognises both civil and canonical (ecclesiastical) marriages. Annulments by the ecclesiastical and civil courts are unrelated and are not necessarily mutually endorsed. Malta voted in favour of divorce legislation in <a href="/wiki/2011_Maltese_divorce_referendum" title="2011 Maltese divorce referendum">a referendum held on 28 May 2011</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Malta" title="Abortion in Malta">Abortion in Malta</a> is illegal. It and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> are the only European Union members with near-total bans on the procedure. There are no exceptions for rape or incest.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> On 21 November 2022, the government led by the Labour Party proposed a bill that "introduces a new clause into the country's criminal code allowing for the termination of a pregnancy if the mother's life is at risk or if her health is in serious jeopardy".<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> As of 2023, an exception was added to allow abortion only if the mother's life is at risk.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malta" title="Geography of Malta">Geography of Malta</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta_from_space_via_laser_ESA378503.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Malta_from_space_via_laser_ESA378503.jpg/290px-Malta_from_space_via_laser_ESA378503.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Malta_from_space_via_laser_ESA378503.jpg/435px-Malta_from_space_via_laser_ESA378503.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Malta_from_space_via_laser_ESA378503.jpg/580px-Malta_from_space_via_laser_ESA378503.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5046" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption>Satellite photo of Maltese islands</figcaption></figure> Malta is an <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> in the central Mediterranean (in its <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">eastern basin</a>), some 80 km (50 mi) from southern Italy across the <a href="/wiki/Malta_Channel" title="Malta Channel">Malta Channel</a>. Only the three largest islands—<a href="/wiki/Malta_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Malta Island">Malta</a> (Maltese: Malta), <a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a> (Għawdex), and <a href="/wiki/Comino" title="Comino">Comino</a> (Kemmuna)—are inhabited. The islands of the archipelago lie on the Malta plateau, a shallow shelf formed from the high points of a <a href="/wiki/Land_bridge" title="Land bridge">land bridge</a> between Sicily and North Africa that became isolated as sea levels rose after the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">last ice age</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> The archipelago is located on the <a href="/wiki/African_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="African Plate">African tectonic plate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> Malta was considered an island of North Africa for centuries.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> The seabed surrounding Malta's islands retains traces of ancient geomarine features, suggesting potential archaeological discoveries that could shed light on the region's prehistoric environment. <a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> Numerous bays along the indented coastline of the islands provide good harbours. The landscape consists of low hills with terraced fields. The highest point in Malta is <a href="/wiki/Ta%27_Dmejrek" title="Ta' Dmejrek">Ta' Dmejrek</a>, at 253 m (830 ft), near <a href="/wiki/Dingli" title="Dingli">Dingli</a>. Although there are some small rivers at times of high rainfall, there are no permanent rivers or lakes on Malta. However, some watercourses have fresh water running all year round at <a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%A7rija" title="Baħrija">Baħrija</a> near <a href="/wiki/Ras_ir-Ra%C4%A7eb" title="Ras ir-Raħeb">Ras ir-Raħeb</a>, at l-Imtaħleb and San Martin, and at Lunzjata Valley in Gozo. <a href="/wiki/Phytogeography" title="Phytogeography">Phytogeographically</a>, Malta belongs to the Liguro-Tyrrhenian province of the Mediterranean region within the <a href="/wiki/Boreal_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Boreal Kingdom">Boreal Kingdom</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">WWF</a>, the territory of Malta belongs to the terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian-Adriatic_sclerophyllous_and_mixed_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests">Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-158">[157]</a> The following uninhabited minor islands are part of the archipelago: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Barbaġanni Rock (<a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cominotto" title="Cominotto">Cominotto</a> (Kemmunett)</li> <li>Dellimara Island (<a href="/wiki/Marsaxlokk" title="Marsaxlokk">Marsaxlokk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filfla" title="Filfla">Filfla</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C5%BBurrieq" title="Żurrieq">Żurrieq</a>)/(<a href="/wiki/Si%C4%A1%C4%A1iewi" title="Siġġiewi">Siġġiewi</a>)</li> <li>Fessej Rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungus_Rock" title="Fungus Rock">Fungus Rock</a> (Il-Ġebla tal-Ġeneral), (<a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a>)</li> <li>Għallis Rock (<a href="/wiki/Naxxar" title="Naxxar">Naxxar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%A6alfa_Rock" title="Ħalfa Rock">Ħalfa Rock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a>)</li> <li>Large Blue Lagoon Rocks (<a href="/wiki/Comino" title="Comino">Comino</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_St._Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of St. Paul">Islands of St. Paul</a>/Selmunett Island (<a href="/wiki/Mellie%C4%A7a" title="Mellieħa">Mellieħa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manoel_Island" title="Manoel Island">Manoel Island</a>, which connects to the town of <a href="/wiki/G%C5%BCira" title="Gżira">Gżira</a>, on the mainland via a bridge</li> <li>Mistra Rocks (<a href="/wiki/San_Pawl_il-Ba%C4%A7ar" class="mw-redirect" title="San Pawl il-Baħar">San Pawl il-Baħar</a>)</li> <li>Taċ-Ċawl Rock (<a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a>)</li> <li>Qawra Point/Ta' Fraben Island (<a href="/wiki/San_Pawl_il-Ba%C4%A7ar" class="mw-redirect" title="San Pawl il-Baħar">San Pawl il-Baħar</a>)</li> <li>Small Blue Lagoon Rocks (<a href="/wiki/Comino" title="Comino">Comino</a>)</li> <li>Sala Rock (<a href="/wiki/%C5%BBabbar" title="Żabbar">Żabbar</a>)</li> <li>Xrobb l-Għaġin Rock (<a href="/wiki/Marsaxlokk" title="Marsaxlokk">Marsaxlokk</a>)</li> <li>Ta' taħt il-Mazz Rock</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Malta" title="Climate of Malta">Climate of Malta</a></div> Malta has a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Csa),<a href="#cite_note-cia-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> with mild winters and hot summers, hotter in the inland areas. Rain occurs mainly in autumn and winter, with summer being generally dry. The average yearly temperature is around 23 °C (73 °F) during the day and 15.5 °C (59.9 °F) at night. In the coldest month – January – the typical maximum temperature ranges from 12 to 18 °C (54 to 64 °F) during the day and minimum 6 to 12 °C (43 to 54 °F) at night. In the warmest month – August – the typical maximum temperature ranges from 28 to 34 °C (82 to 93 °F) during the day and minimum 20 to 24 °C (68 to 75 °F) at night. Amongst all capitals in the continent of Europe, Valletta – the capital of Malta has the warmest winters, with average temperatures of around 15 to 16 °C (59 to 61 °F) during the day and 9 to 10 °C (48 to 50 °F) at night in the period January–February. In March and December average temperatures are around 17 °C (63 °F) during the day and 11 °C (52 °F) at night.<a href="#cite_note-Met_Office-160">[159]</a> Large fluctuations in temperature are rare. Snow is very rare, although snowfalls have been recorded in the last century, the last one in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> The average annual sea temperature is 20 °C (68 °F), from 15–16 °C (59–61 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the 6 months – from June to November – the average sea temperature exceeds 20 °C (68 °F).<a href="#cite_note-weather2travel-162">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-maltaweather-163">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> The annual average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> is high, averaging 75%, ranging from 65% in July (morning: 78% evening: 53%) to 80% in December (morning: 83% evening: 73%).<a href="#cite_note-weatherbase.com-165">[164]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">Sunshine duration</a> hours total around 3,000 per year, from an average 5.2 hours of sunshine duration per day in December to an average above 12 hours in July.<a href="#cite_note-maltaweather-163">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-noaa-166">[165]</a> This is about double that of cities in the northern half of Europe,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research?</a>] for comparison: London – 1,461;<a href="#cite_note-London_climate-167">[166]</a> however, in winter it has up to four times more sunshine; for comparison: in December, London has 37 hours of sunshine<a href="#cite_note-London_climate-167">[166]</a> whereas Malta has above 160. <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Malta (<a href="/wiki/Luqa" title="Luqa">Luqa</a> in the south-east part of main island, 1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7 (60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7 (60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4 (63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7 (83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0 (89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6 (83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8 (69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9 (55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1 (57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1 (68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5 (81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9 (76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9 (64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5 (58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.5 (67.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 (50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 (49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8 (55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8 (60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6 (67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1 (71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0 (73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4 (65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 (53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.9 (60.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.3 (3.12) </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.2 (2.88) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.3 (1.78) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7 (0.81) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 (0.43) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 (0.24) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (0.01) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0 (0.67) </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.7 (2.39) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.8 (3.22) </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">91.0 (3.58) </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">93.7 (3.69) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">580.7 (22.86) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">61 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">169.3 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178.1 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">227.2 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">253.8 </td> <td style="background: #F0F010; color:#000000;" class="notheme">309.7 </td> <td style="background: #F9F925; color:#000000;" class="notheme">336.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">376.7 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">352.2 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">270.0 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">223.8 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.0 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">161.2 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,054 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Meteo Climate (1991–2020 Data),<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> MaltaWeather.com (Sun data)<a href="#cite_note-MaltaWeather-169">[168]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urbanisation">Urbanisation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Urbanisation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valletta,_Malta.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Valletta%2C_Malta.JPG/220px-Valletta%2C_Malta.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Valletta%2C_Malta.JPG/330px-Valletta%2C_Malta.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Valletta%2C_Malta.JPG/440px-Valletta%2C_Malta.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>The main urban area of Malta. Valletta is the central peninsula.</figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>, Malta is composed of two <a href="/wiki/Larger_urban_zones" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger urban zones">larger urban zones</a> nominally referred to as "Valletta" (the main island of Malta) and "Gozo". The main urban area covers the entire main island, with a population of around 400,000.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> The core of the urban area, the greater city of Valletta, has a population of 205,768.<a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-city-172">[171]</a> According to the data from 2020 by <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>, the Functional Urban Area and metropolitan region covered the whole island and has a population of 480,134.<a href="#cite_note-Eurostat_FUA-173">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-metro-174">[173]</a> According to the United Nations, about 95 percent of the area of Malta is urban and the number grows every year.<a href="#cite_note-WUP-21">[20]</a> According to ESPON and EU Commission studies, "the whole territory of Malta constitutes a single urban region".<a href="#cite_note-ESPON-EUC-22">[21]</a> Malta, with area of 316 km2 (122 sq mi) and population of over 0.5 million, is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by population density">most densely populated</a> countries worldwide. It is in some sources<a href="#cite_note-GMB_Publishing-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-creativemalta-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-doi-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> referred to as a <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a>. Sometimes Malta is listed in rankings concerning cities<a href="#cite_note-GFC-177">[176]</a> or metropolitan areas.<a href="#cite_note-inta-aivn.org-178">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Flora">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Malta" title="Flora of Malta">Flora of Malta</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.png/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.png/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.png/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>National plant: <a href="/wiki/Cheirolophus_crassifolius" title="Cheirolophus crassifolius">Maltese centaury</a> (Widnet il‑Baħar, since 1971)</figcaption></figure> The Maltese islands are home to a wide diversity of indigenous, sub-endemic and endemic plants.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> They feature many traits typical of a Mediterranean climate, such as drought resistance. The most common indigenous trees on the islands are olive (<a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olea europaea</a>), carob (<a href="/wiki/Ceratonia_siliqua" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratonia siliqua">Ceratonia siliqua</a>), fig (<a href="/wiki/Common_fig" class="mw-redirect" title="Common fig">Ficus carica</a>), holm oak (<a href="/wiki/Quercus_ilex" title="Quercus ilex">Quericus ilex</a>) and Aleppo pine (<a href="/wiki/Pinus_halepensis" title="Pinus halepensis">Pinus halepensis</a>), while the most common non-native trees are <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">acacia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opuntia_ficus-indica" title="Opuntia ficus-indica">opuntia</a>. Endemic plants include the national flower widnet il-baħar (<a href="/wiki/Cheirolophus_crassifolius" title="Cheirolophus crassifolius">Cheirolophus crassifolius</a>), sempreviva ta' Malta (<a href="/wiki/Helichrysum_panormitanum_subsp._melitense" title="Helichrysum panormitanum subsp. melitense">Helichrysum panormitanum subsp. melitense</a>), żigland t' Għawdex (<a href="/wiki/Hyoseris_frutescens" title="Hyoseris frutescens">Hyoseris frutescens</a>) and ġiżi ta' Malta (<a href="/wiki/Matthiola_incana" title="Matthiola incana">Matthiola incana subsp. melitensis</a>) while sub-endemics include kromb il-baħar (<a href="/wiki/Jacobaea_maritima" title="Jacobaea maritima">Jacobaea maritima subsp. sicula</a>) and xkattapietra (<a href="/wiki/Micromeria_microphylla" title="Micromeria microphylla">Micromeria microphylla</a>).<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> The biodiversity of Malta is severely endangered by habitat loss, invasive species and human intervention.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malta" title="Economy of Malta">Economy of Malta</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2019)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mediterraneo_dolphin_show_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mediterraneo_dolphin_show_1.JPG/220px-Mediterraneo_dolphin_show_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mediterraneo_dolphin_show_1.JPG/330px-Mediterraneo_dolphin_show_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mediterraneo_dolphin_show_1.JPG/440px-Mediterraneo_dolphin_show_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The dolphin show at Mediterraneo Marine Park. Tourism generates a significant part of the GDP of Malta[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>].</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta_-_Valletta_-_Triq_il-Papa_Piju_V_-_Central_Bank_of_Malta_03_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Malta_-_Valletta_-_Triq_il-Papa_Piju_V_-_Central_Bank_of_Malta_03_ies.jpg/220px-Malta_-_Valletta_-_Triq_il-Papa_Piju_V_-_Central_Bank_of_Malta_03_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Malta_-_Valletta_-_Triq_il-Papa_Piju_V_-_Central_Bank_of_Malta_03_ies.jpg/330px-Malta_-_Valletta_-_Triq_il-Papa_Piju_V_-_Central_Bank_of_Malta_03_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Malta_-_Valletta_-_Triq_il-Papa_Piju_V_-_Central_Bank_of_Malta_03_ies.jpg/440px-Malta_-_Valletta_-_Triq_il-Papa_Piju_V_-_Central_Bank_of_Malta_03_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Central Bank of Malta, Pope Pius V Street in Valletta, Malta</figcaption></figure> Malta is classified as an <a href="/wiki/Advanced_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced economy">advanced economy</a> according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF).<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> Malta's major resources are <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, a favourable geographic location and a productive labour force. Malta produces only about 20 percent of its food needs, has limited fresh water supplies because of the drought in the summer, and has no domestic energy sources, aside from the potential for solar energy from its plentiful sunlight. The economy is dependent on foreign trade (serving as a freight trans-shipment point), manufacturing (especially electronics and textiles), and tourism.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> <a href="/wiki/Films_shot_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Films shot in Malta">Film production</a> has contributed to the Maltese economy.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> Access to <a href="/wiki/Biocapacity" title="Biocapacity">biocapacity</a> in Malta is below the world average. In 2016, Malta had 0.6 global hectares of biocapacity per person within its territory, contrasted with a global average of 1.6 hectares per person.<a href="#cite_note-footprintdata-185">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> Additionally, residents of Malta exhibited an <a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">ecological footprint</a> of consumption of 5.8 global hectares of biocapacity per person, resulting in a sizable biocapacity deficit.<a href="#cite_note-footprintdata-185">[184]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BlueEurozone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BlueEurozone.svg/220px-BlueEurozone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BlueEurozone.svg/330px-BlueEurozone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BlueEurozone.svg/440px-BlueEurozone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Malta is part of a <a href="/wiki/Monetary_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Monetary union">monetary union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a> (dark blue).</figcaption></figure> In preparation for Malta's membership in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, which it joined on 1 May 2004, it <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatised</a> some state-controlled firms and liberalised markets.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> Malta has a financial regulator, the <a href="/wiki/Malta_Financial_Services_Authority" title="Malta Financial Services Authority">Malta Financial Services Authority</a> (MFSA), with a strong business development mindset, and the country has been successful in attracting gaming businesses, aircraft and ship registration, credit-card issuing banking licences and also fund administration. Malta has made strong headway in implementing EU Financial Services Directives including UCITs IV and Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFMs). As a base for alternative asset managers who must comply with new directives, Malta has attracted a number of key players including IDS, Iconic Funds, Apex Fund Services and TMF/Customs House.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> As of 2015, Malta did not have a property tax. Its property market, especially around the harbour area, was booming, with the prices of apartments in some towns like St Julian's, Sliema and Gzira skyrocketing.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> data, Maltese GDP per capita stood at <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union#Richest_and_poorest_NUTS_regions_(GDP_PPP_2010)" title="Economy of the European Union">88 per cent of the EU average</a> in 2015 with €21,000.<a href="#cite_note-Eurostat_2012-193">[192]</a> The National Development and Social Fund from the Individual Investor Programme, a <a href="/wiki/Immigrant_investor_programs" title="Immigrant investor programs">citizenship by investment programme</a> also known as the "citizenship scheme", became a significant income source for the government of Malta, adding 432,000,000 euro to the budget in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banking_and_finance">Banking and finance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Banking and finance">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Malta" title="List of banks in Malta">List of banks in Malta</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta_-_St._Julian%27s_(Triq_it-Torri_(Sliema))_03_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Malta_-_St._Julian%27s_%28Triq_it-Torri_%28Sliema%29%29_03_ies.jpg/220px-Malta_-_St._Julian%27s_%28Triq_it-Torri_%28Sliema%29%29_03_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Malta_-_St._Julian%27s_%28Triq_it-Torri_%28Sliema%29%29_03_ies.jpg/330px-Malta_-_St._Julian%27s_%28Triq_it-Torri_%28Sliema%29%29_03_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Malta_-_St._Julian%27s_%28Triq_it-Torri_%28Sliema%29%29_03_ies.jpg/440px-Malta_-_St._Julian%27s_%28Triq_it-Torri_%28Sliema%29%29_03_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Portomaso_Business_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Portomaso Business Tower">Portomaso Business Tower</a>, the second tallest building in Malta</figcaption></figure> The two largest commercial banks are <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Valletta" title="Bank of Valletta">Bank of Valletta</a> and <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Malta" title="HSBC Bank Malta">HSBC Bank Malta</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_banking" title="Digital banking">Digital banks</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Revolut" title="Revolut">Revolut</a> have also increased in popularity.<a href="#cite_note-mtdigital-195">[194]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Malta" title="Central Bank of Malta">Central Bank of Malta</a> (Bank Ċentrali ta' Malta) has two key areas of responsibility: the formulation and implementation of monetary policy and the promotion of a sound and efficient financial system. The Maltese government entered <a href="/wiki/ERM_II" class="mw-redirect" title="ERM II">ERM II</a> on 4 May 2005, and adopted the euro as the country's currency on 1 January 2008.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Currency">Currency</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Currency">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Maltese_euro_coins" title="Maltese euro coins">Maltese euro coins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euro_gold_and_silver_commemorative_coins_(Malta)" title="Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Malta)">Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Malta)</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Maltese_euro_coins" title="Maltese euro coins">Maltese euro coins</a> feature the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese cross</a> on €2 and €1 coins, the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malta" title="Coat of arms of Malta">coat of arms of Malta</a> on the €0.50, €0.20 and €0.10 coins, and the <a href="/wiki/Mnajdra" title="Mnajdra">Mnajdra</a> Temples on the €0.05, €0.02 and €0.01 coins.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> Malta has produced collectors' coins with face value ranging from 10 to 50 euros. These coins continue an existing national practice of minting of silver and gold commemorative coins. Unlike normal issues, these coins are not accepted in all the eurozone. From its introduction in 1972 until the introduction of the Euro in 2008, the currency was the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_lira" title="Maltese lira">Maltese lira</a>, which had replaced the Maltese pound. The pound replaced the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_scudo" title="Maltese scudo">Maltese scudo</a> in 1825. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Malta" title="Tourism in Malta">Tourism in Malta</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mellieha_Bay_beach_Malta_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mellieha_Bay_beach_Malta_1.jpg/220px-Mellieha_Bay_beach_Malta_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mellieha_Bay_beach_Malta_1.jpg/330px-Mellieha_Bay_beach_Malta_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mellieha_Bay_beach_Malta_1.jpg/440px-Mellieha_Bay_beach_Malta_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1667" /></a><figcaption>Mellieħa Bay beach</figcaption></figure> Malta is a popular tourist destination, with 1.6 million tourists per year,<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> three times more tourists visit than there are residents. Tourism infrastructure has increased dramatically over the years and a number of hotels are present on the island, although overdevelopment and the destruction of traditional housing is of growing concern. In 2019, Malta had a record year in tourism, recording over 2.1 million tourists in one single year.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> In recent years, Malta has advertised itself as a <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">medical tourism</a> destination,<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> and a number of <a href="/wiki/Health_tourism_provider" class="mw-redirect" title="Health tourism provider">health tourism providers</a> are developing the industry. However, no Maltese hospital has undergone independent <a href="/wiki/International_healthcare_accreditation" title="International healthcare accreditation">international healthcare accreditation</a>. Malta is popular with British medical tourists,<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> pointing Maltese hospitals towards seeking UK-sourced accreditation, such as with the <a href="/wiki/Trent_Accreditation_Scheme" title="Trent Accreditation Scheme">Trent Accreditation Scheme</a>. Tourism in Malta contributes around 11.6 percent of the country's gross domestic product.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Science and technology">edit</a>]</div> Malta signed a co-operation agreement with the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> (ESA) for more-intensive co-operation in ESA projects.<a href="#cite_note-Malta_signs_Cooperation_Agreement_with_ESA-203">[202]</a> The Malta Council for Science and Technology (MCST) is the civil body responsible for the development of science and technology on an educational and social level. Most science students in Malta graduate from the University of Malta and are represented by S-Cubed (Science Student's Society), UESA (University Engineering Students Association) and ICTSA (University of Malta ICT Students' Association).<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> Malta was ranked 29th in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malta" title="Demographics of Malta">Demographics of Malta</a></div> As of the 2021 census, <a href="/wiki/Maltese_people" title="Maltese people">Maltese</a>-born natives make up the majority of the island with 386,280 people out of a total population of 519,562.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> However, there are minorities, the largest of which by birthplace were: 15,082 from the United Kingdom, Italy (13,361), India (7,946), Philippines (7,784) and Serbia (5,935). Among racial origins for the non-Maltese, 58.1% of all identified as Caucasian, 22.2% Asian, 6.3% Arab, 6.0% African, 4.5% Hispanic or Latino and 2.9% more than one race.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> As of 2005<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit">[update]</a>, 17 percent were aged 14 and under, 68 percent were within the 15–64 age bracket whilst the remaining 13 percent were 65 years and over. Malta's population density of 1,282 per square km (3,322/sq mi) is by far the highest in the EU and one of the highest in the world. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta,_2010_-_panoramio_-_Bengt_Nyman_(23).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Malta%2C_2010_-_panoramio_-_Bengt_Nyman_%2823%29.jpg/220px-Malta%2C_2010_-_panoramio_-_Bengt_Nyman_%2823%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Malta%2C_2010_-_panoramio_-_Bengt_Nyman_%2823%29.jpg/330px-Malta%2C_2010_-_panoramio_-_Bengt_Nyman_%2823%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Malta%2C_2010_-_panoramio_-_Bengt_Nyman_%2823%29.jpg/440px-Malta%2C_2010_-_panoramio_-_Bengt_Nyman_%2823%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Valletta, Malta's capital</figcaption></figure> The Maltese-resident population for 2004 was estimated to make up 97.0 per cent of the total resident population.<a href="#cite_note-Demo2004-209">[208]</a> All censuses since 1842 have shown a slight excess of females over males. Population growth has slowed down, from +9.5 per cent between the 1985 and 1995 censuses, to +6.9 per cent between the 1995 and 2005 censuses (a yearly average of +0.7 per cent). The birth rate stood at 3860 (a decrease of 21.8 per cent from the 1995 census) and the death rate stood at 3025. Thus, there was a natural population increase of 835 (compared to +888 for 2004, of which over a hundred were foreign residents).<a href="#cite_note-NSO_20060711-210">[209]</a> The population's age composition is similar to the age structure prevalent in the EU. Malta's <a href="/wiki/Dependency_ratio" title="Dependency ratio">old-age-dependency-ratio</a> rose from 17.2 percent in 1995 to 19.8 percent in 2005, reasonably lower than the EU's 24.9 percent average; 31.5 percent of the Maltese population is aged under 25 (compared to the EU's 29.1 percent); but the 50–64 age group constitutes 20.3 percent of the population, significantly higher than the EU's 17.9 percent. Malta's old-age-dependency-ratio is expected to continue rising steadily in the coming years. In 2021, the population of the Maltese Islands stood at 519,562.<a href="#cite_note-NSO-9">[8]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> (TFR) as of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit">[update]</a> was estimated at 1.45 children born/woman, which is below the replacement rate of 2.1.<a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-211">[210]</a> In 2012, 25.8 per cent of births were to unmarried women.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> in 2018 was estimated at 83.<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malta" title="Languages of Malta">Languages of Malta</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="#Education">§ Education</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Il-Kantilena.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Il-Kantilena.png/220px-Il-Kantilena.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Il-Kantilena.png/330px-Il-Kantilena.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Il-Kantilena.png/440px-Il-Kantilena.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Il-Kantilena" title="Il-Kantilena">Il-Kantilena</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pietru_Caxaro" title="Pietru Caxaro">Pietru Caxaro</a>, the oldest text in <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese language</a>, 15th century</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>: Malti) is one of the two constitutional <a href="/wiki/Languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages">languages</a> of Malta and is considered the national language. The second official language is English and hence laws are enacted both in Maltese and English. However, article 74 of the Constitution states that "if there is any conflict between the Maltese and the English texts of any law, the Maltese text shall prevail."<a href="#cite_note-constitution-35">[34]</a> Maltese is a <a href="/wiki/Semitic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Semitic language">Semitic language</a> descended from the now extinct Sicilian-Arabic (<a href="/wiki/Siculo-Arabic" title="Siculo-Arabic">Siculo-Arabic</a>) dialect (from <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">southern Italy</a>) that developed during the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Sicily">Emirate of Sicily</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MED-214">[213]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Maltese_alphabet" title="Maltese alphabet">Maltese alphabet</a> consists of 30 letters based on the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>. In 2022, Malta National Statistics Office states that 90 percent of the Maltese population has at least a basic knowledge of Maltese, 96 percent of English, 62 percent of Italian, and 20 percent of French.<a href="#cite_note-skills2022-34">[33]</a> This widespread knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">second languages</a> makes Malta one of the most multilingual countries in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. A study collecting public opinion on what language was "preferred" discovered that 86 percent of the population preferred Maltese, 12 percent English, and 2 percent Italian.<a href="#cite_note-LinguisticView-215">[214]</a> Italian television channels from Italy-based broadcasters, such as <a href="/wiki/Mediaset" title="Mediaset">Mediaset</a> and <a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a>, reach Malta and remain popular.<a href="#cite_note-LinguisticView-215">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maltese_Sign_Language" title="Maltese Sign Language">Maltese Sign Language</a> is used by signers in Malta.<a href="#cite_note-paggio-218">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malta" title="Religion in Malta">Religion in Malta</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Malta" title="History of the Jews in Malta">History of the Jews in Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Malta" title="Christianity in Malta">Christianity in Malta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malta" title="Islam in Malta">Islam in Malta</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; 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top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 267.17780051813px; border-left-color:DeepSkyBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DeepSkyBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DeepSkyBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 243.58297171766px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 193.24964492842px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 113.42773492554px; border-left-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Purple"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 100px; border-left-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 84.866196759027px; border-left-color:Orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 51.746537509573px; border-left-color:Dodgerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Dodgerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Dodgerblue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religion in Malta (2021 census)<a href="#cite_note-2021_census-2-219">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-Census_statistics-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> (82.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> (3.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> (1.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (3.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (1.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (0.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Judaism (0.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other religious groups (0.04%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  No religion (5.1%)</div> </div> </div></div> The predominant religion in Malta is <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>. The second article of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malta" title="Constitution of Malta">Constitution of Malta</a> establishes Roman Catholicism as the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a> and it is also reflected in various elements of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malta" title="Culture of Malta">Maltese culture</a>, although there are <a href="/wiki/Entrenched_clause" title="Entrenched clause">entrenched provisions</a> for the freedom of religion.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-35">[34]</a> There are more than 360 churches in Malta, Gozo, and Comino, or one church for every 1,000 residents. The parish church (Maltese: "il-parroċċa", or "il-knisja parrokkjali") is the architectural and geographic focal point of every Maltese town and village. Malta is an <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic See">Apostolic See</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acts_28" title="Acts 28">Acts 28</a>) tells of how <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul of Tarsus">St. Paul</a> was shipwrecked on the island of "Melite", which many Biblical scholars identify with Malta, an episode dated around AD 60.<a href="#cite_note-doi.gov.mt-221">[220]</a> The first Maltese saint, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Publius" title="Saint Publius">Saint Publius</a> is said to have been made Malta's first bishop. Further evidence of Christian practices and beliefs during the period of Roman persecution appears in <a href="/wiki/Catacombs" title="Catacombs">catacombs</a> that lie beneath various sites around Malta, including <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Catacombs" title="St. Paul's Catacombs">St. Paul's Catacombs</a>. There are also a number of cave churches, including the grotto at <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Our_Lady_of_Mellie%C4%A7a" title="Sanctuary of Our Lady of Mellieħa">Mellieħa</a>, which is a Shrine of the Nativity of Our Lady where, according to legend, <a href="/wiki/St._Luke" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Luke">St. Luke</a> painted a picture of the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a>. It has been a place of pilgrimage since the medieval period. For centuries, the Church in Malta was subordinate to the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Palermo">Diocese of Palermo</a>, except when it was under <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles of Anjou">Charles of Anjou</a>, who appointed bishops for Malta, as did – on rare occasions – the Spanish and later, the Knights. Since 1808 all <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Malta#Bishops_of_Malta" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Malta">bishops of Malta</a> have been Maltese. The patron saints of Malta are <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Saint Paul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Publius" title="Saint Publius">Saint Publius</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Agatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Agatha">Saint Agatha</a>. Although not a patron saint, <a href="/wiki/George_Preca" title="George Preca">St George Preca</a> (San Ġorġ Preca) is greatly revered as the second canonised Maltese saint after St. Publius. Various Roman Catholic religious orders are present in Malta, including the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Little_Sisters_of_the_Poor" title="Little Sisters of the Poor">Little Sisters of the Poor</a>. There exists a considerable minority of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodox Christians</a> in Malta, of which there are 16,457, according to the 2021 census;<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> although the number may also include <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox Christian">Oriental Orthodox Christians</a>, who are not in <a href="/wiki/Full_communion" title="Full communion">communion</a> with the former. There are a small number of parishes belonging to each <a href="/wiki/Autocephalous_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocephalous Church">autocephalous Church</a>, typically one for each. There are <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgarian Orthodox</a> parishes located around Malta.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> Most congregants of the local <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> churches are not Maltese; their congregations mainly draw on vacationers and British retirees living in the country. There are also a <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist</a> church in <a href="/wiki/Birkirkara" title="Birkirkara">Birkirkara</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Church" title="New Apostolic Church">New Apostolic Church</a> congregation founded in 1983 in <a href="/wiki/Gwardaman%C4%A1a" title="Gwardamanġa">Gwardamangia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-archive.maltatoday.com.mt-227">[226]</a> There are approximately 600 <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a> is also represented with 241 members in 1 congregation in <a href="/wiki/Mosta" title="Mosta">Mosta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelangelo_Caravaggio_021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Michelangelo_Caravaggio_021.jpg/220px-Michelangelo_Caravaggio_021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Michelangelo_Caravaggio_021.jpg/330px-Michelangelo_Caravaggio_021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Michelangelo_Caravaggio_021.jpg/440px-Michelangelo_Caravaggio_021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2173" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Beheading_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist_(Caravaggio)" title="The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist (Caravaggio)">The Beheading of Saint John</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>. Oil on canvas, 361 cm × 520 cm (142.13 <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">in</a> × 204.72 in). Oratory of the <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Co-Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Co-Cathedral">Co-Cathedral</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Jewish population of Malta reached its peak in the Middle Ages under Norman rule. In 1479, Malta and <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> came under <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragonese</a> rule and the <a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Decree" title="Alhambra Decree">Alhambra Decree</a> of 1492 forced all Jews to leave the country. Today, there are two Jewish congregations.<a href="#cite_note-archive.maltatoday.com.mt-227">[226]</a> In 2019 the Jewish community in Malta gathered around 150 persons, slightly more than the 120 (of which 80 were active) estimated in 2003, and mostly elderly. Many among the newer generations decided to settle abroad, including in England and Israel. Most contemporary Maltese Jews are Sephardi, however, an Ashkenazi prayer book is used. In 2013 the Chabad Jewish Center in Malta was founded. There is one purpose-built Muslim <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mariam_Al-Batool_Mosque" title="Mariam Al-Batool Mosque">Mariam Al-Batool Mosque</a>, although there are also a few improvised mosques located in Muslim homes spread around the island.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> Of the estimated 3,000 <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malta" title="Islam in Malta">Muslims in Malta</a>, approximately 2,250 are foreigners, approximately 600 are naturalised citizens, and approximately 150 are native-born Maltese.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> <a href="/wiki/Zen_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Zen Buddhism">Zen Buddhism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> claim some 40 members.<a href="#cite_note-archive.maltatoday.com.mt-227">[226]</a> In a survey held by <a href="/wiki/Malta_Today" title="Malta Today">Malta Today</a>, the overwhelming majority of the Maltese population adheres to Christianity (95.2%) with <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> as the main denomination (93.9%); 4.5% of the population declared themselves either atheist or agnostic, one of the lowest figures in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-2018_survey-233">[232]</a> According to a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Eurobarometer" title="Eurobarometer">Eurobarometer</a> survey, 83% of the population identified as Roman Catholic.<a href="#cite_note-2019_Eurobarometer-234">[233]</a> The number of <a href="/wiki/Atheists" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheists">atheists</a> has doubled from 2014 to 2018. <a href="/wiki/Non-religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-religious">Non-religious</a> people have a higher risk of suffering from discrimination. In the 2015 edition of the annual <a href="/wiki/International_Humanist_and_Ethical_Union#The_Freedom_of_Thought_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="International Humanist and Ethical Union">Freedom of Thought Report</a> from the <a href="/wiki/International_Humanist_and_Ethical_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="International Humanist and Ethical Union">International Humanist and Ethical Union</a>, Malta was in the category of "severe discrimination". In 2016, following the <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy_law#Malta" title="Blasphemy law">abolishment of blasphemy law</a>, Malta was shifted to the category of "systematic discrimination" (same as most EU countries).<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migration">Migration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Migration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Malta" title="Immigration to Malta">Immigration to Malta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Malta" title="Emigration from Malta">Emigration from Malta</a></div> <table class="toc" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:25%; float:right; text-align:center; clear:all; margin-left:8px; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="20" style="background:green; color:white;">Foreign population in Malta </th></tr> <tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th width="15%">Year </th> <th width="60%">Population </th> <th width="25%">% total </th></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>12,112 </td> <td>3.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>20,289 </td> <td>4.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>98,918 </td> <td>21.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>119,261 </td> <td>23.17% </td></tr> </tbody></table> Historically a land of emigration, since the early 21st century Malta has seen a significant increase in net migration; the foreign-born population has grown nearly eightfold between 2005 and 2020. Most of the foreign community in Malta consists of active or retired British nationals and their dependents, centred on <a href="/wiki/Sliema" title="Sliema">Sliema</a> and surrounding suburbs. Other smaller foreign groups include Italians, Libyans, and Serbians, many of whom have assimilated into the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_people" title="Maltese people">Maltese nation</a> over the decades.<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> Malta is also home to a large number of foreign workers who migrated to the island for economic opportunity. This migration was driven predominantly in the early 21st century, when the Maltese economy was steadily booming yet the cost and quality of living on the island remained relatively stable. In recent years however the local Maltese housing index has doubled<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> pushing property and rental prices to very high and almost unaffordable levels. Consequently, some expats in Malta have seen their relative financial fortunes decline, with others relocating to other European countries altogether. Since the late 20th century, Malta has become a transit country for migration routes from Africa towards Europe.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> As a member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Agreement</a>, Malta is bound by the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Regulation" title="Dublin Regulation">Dublin Regulation</a> to process all claims for asylum by those asylum seekers that enter EU territory for the first time in Malta.<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> However, irregular migrants who land in Malta are subject to a <a href="/wiki/Immigration_detention" title="Immigration detention">compulsory detention policy</a>, being held in several camps organised by the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Armed Forces of Malta">Armed Forces of Malta</a> (AFM), including those near <a href="/wiki/%C4%A6al_Far" title="Ħal Far">Ħal Far</a> and <a href="/wiki/Safi,_Malta" title="Safi, Malta">Ħal Safi</a>. The compulsory detention policy has been denounced by several NGOs, and in July 2010, the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> found that Malta's detention of migrants was arbitrary, lacking in adequate procedures to challenge detention, and in breach of its obligations under the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> On 8 September 2020, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> criticized Malta for "illegal tactics" in the Mediterranean, against immigrants who were attempting to cross from North Africa. The reports claimed that the government's approach might have led to avoidable deaths.<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> In January 2014, Malta started granting citizenship for a €650,000 contribution plus investments, contingent on residence and criminal background checks.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> This "<a href="/wiki/Immigrant_investor_programs" title="Immigrant investor programs">golden passport</a>" citizenship scheme has been criticized as a fraudulent act by the Maltese Government.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> Concerns as to whether the Maltese citizenship scheme is allowing an influx of such individuals into the greater European Union have been raised by both the public as well as the European Council on multiple occasions.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta_-mix-_2019_by-RaBoe_067.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Malta_-mix-_2019_by-RaBoe_067.jpg/220px-Malta_-mix-_2019_by-RaBoe_067.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Malta_-mix-_2019_by-RaBoe_067.jpg/330px-Malta_-mix-_2019_by-RaBoe_067.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Malta_-mix-_2019_by-RaBoe_067.jpg/440px-Malta_-mix-_2019_by-RaBoe_067.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Child Migrants' Memorial at the <a href="/wiki/Valletta_Waterfront" title="Valletta Waterfront">Valletta Waterfront</a>, commemorating the 310 child migrants who travelled to Australia between 1950 and 1965</figcaption></figure> In the 19th century, most emigration from Malta was to North Africa and the Middle East, although rates of <a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">return migration</a> to Malta were high.<a href="#cite_note-Jones-246">[245]</a> In the 20th century, most emigrants went to destinations in the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>, particularly to Australia, Canada, and the United States. Post Second World War, Malta's Emigration Department would assist emigrants with the cost of their travel. Between 1948 and 1967, 30 percent of the population emigrated.<a href="#cite_note-Jones-246">[245]</a> Between 1946 and the late-1970s, over 140,000 people left Malta on the assisted passage scheme, with 57.6% migrating to Australia, 22% to the UK, 13% to Canada and 7% to the United States.<a href="#cite_note-King-247">[246]</a> Emigration dropped dramatically after the mid-1970s and has since ceased to be a social phenomenon of significance. However, since Malta joined the EU in 2004 <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriate</a> communities emerged in a number of European countries, particularly in Belgium and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malta" title="Education in Malta">Education in Malta</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Malta" title="List of schools in Malta">List of schools in Malta</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uni-20malta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Uni-20malta.jpg/220px-Uni-20malta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Uni-20malta.jpg/330px-Uni-20malta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Uni-20malta.jpg/440px-Uni-20malta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Malta" title="University of Malta">University of Malta</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Library_in_Valletta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/National_Library_in_Valletta.jpg/220px-National_Library_in_Valletta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/National_Library_in_Valletta.jpg/330px-National_Library_in_Valletta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/National_Library_in_Valletta.jpg/440px-National_Library_in_Valletta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3523" data-file-height="2535" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Malta" title="National Library of Malta">National Library</a> in Valletta</figcaption></figure> Primary schooling has been compulsory since 1946; secondary education up to the age of sixteen was made compulsory in 1971. The state and the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Church</a> provide education free of charge, both running a number of schools in Malta and <a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a>. As of 2006<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit">[update]</a>, state schools are organised into networks known as Colleges and incorporate kindergarten schools, primary and secondary schools. A number of private schools are run in Malta. St. Catherine's High School, Pembroke offers an International Foundation Course for students wishing to learn English before entering mainstream education. As of 2008<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit">[update]</a>, there are two international schools, Verdala International School and QSI Malta. The state pays a portion of the teachers' salary in Church schools.<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a> Education in Malta is based on the <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Education in the United Kingdom">British model</a>. Primary school lasts six years. Pupils sit for SEC <a href="/wiki/O-level" class="mw-redirect" title="O-level">O-level</a> examinations at the age of 16, with passes obligatory in mathematics, a minimum of one science subject, English and <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>. Pupils may opt to continue studying at a <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form_college" title="Sixth form college">sixth form college</a> for two years, at the end of which students sit for the matriculation examination. Subject to their performance, students may then apply for an undergraduate <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">degree</a> or diploma. The adult <a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literacy rate</a> is 99.5 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a> Maltese and English are both used to teach pupils at the primary and secondary school level, and both languages are also compulsory subjects. <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">Public schools</a> tend to use both Maltese and English in a balanced manner. Private schools prefer to use English for teaching, as is also the case with most departments of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Malta" title="University of Malta">University of Malta</a>; this has a limiting effect on the capacity and development of the Maltese language.<a href="#cite_note-LinguisticView-215">[214]</a> Most university courses are in English.<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-MED-214">[213]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=College_of_Remote_and_Offshore_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="College of Remote and Offshore Medicine (page does not exist)">College of Remote and Offshore Medicine</a> based in Malta teaches exclusively in English. Of the total number of pupils studying a first foreign language at secondary level, 51 per cent take Italian whilst 38 per cent take French. Other choices include German, Russian, Spanish, Latin, Chinese and Arabic.<a href="#cite_note-LinguisticView-215">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a> Malta is also a popular destination to study the English language, attracting over 83,000 students in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Malta" title="Transport in Malta">Transport in Malta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buses_in_Malta" title="Buses in Malta">Buses in Malta</a></div> Owing to the British colonial rule, traffic in Malta <a href="/wiki/Driving_on_the_left_or_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Driving on the left or right">drives on the left</a>. Car ownership in Malta is exceedingly high, considering the very small size of the islands; it is the fourth-highest in the European Union. There were 182,254 registered cars in 1990, giving an automobile density of 577/km2 (1,494/sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> Malta has 2,254 kilometres (1,401 miles) of road, 1,972 km (1,225 mi) (87.5 per cent) of which are paved (as of December 2003).<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta_Buses_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Malta_Buses_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Malta_Buses_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Malta_Buses_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Malta_Buses_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Malta_Buses_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Malta_Buses_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4378" data-file-height="2369" /></a><figcaption>Maltese <a href="/wiki/Otokar" title="Otokar">Otokar</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Long" title="King Long">King Long</a> buses</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Malta_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Malta bus">Buses</a> (xarabank or karozza tal-linja) are the primary method of public transport, established in 1905. Malta's vintage buses operated in the Maltese islands up to 2011 and became popular tourist attractions.<a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> To this day they are depicted on many Maltese advertisements and merchandise for tourists. The bus service underwent extensive reform in July 2011. The management structure changed from having self-employed drivers driving their own vehicles to a service being offered by a single company through a public tender.<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> The public tender was won by <a href="/wiki/Arriva_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Arriva Malta">Arriva Malta</a>, which introduced a fleet of brand new buses, built by <a href="/wiki/King_Long" title="King Long">King Long</a> especially for service by Arriva Malta and including a smaller fleet of <a href="/wiki/Articulated_bus" title="Articulated bus">articulated buses</a> brought in from <a href="/wiki/Arriva_London" title="Arriva London">Arriva London</a>. It also operated two smaller buses for an intra-Valletta route only and 61 nine-metre buses, which were used to ease congestion on high-density routes. Overall Arriva Malta operated 264 buses. On 1 January 2014 Arriva ceased operations in Malta due to financial difficulties, having been nationalised as Malta Public Transport.<a href="#cite_note-257">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a> The government chose Autobuses Urbanos de León (<a href="/wiki/Alsa_(bus_company)" title="Alsa (bus company)">Alsa</a> subsidiary) as its preferred bus operator for the country in October 2014.<a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a> From October 2022, the bus system is free of charge for residents of Malta.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> As of 2021, an underground <a href="/wiki/Malta_Metro" title="Malta Metro">Malta Metro</a> is being planned, with a projected total cost of €6.2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:047.Freeport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/047.Freeport.jpg/220px-047.Freeport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/047.Freeport.jpg/330px-047.Freeport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/047.Freeport.jpg/440px-047.Freeport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malta_Freeport" title="Malta Freeport">Malta Freeport</a>, one of the largest European ports</figcaption></figure> Malta has three large natural harbours on its main island: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Harbour" title="Grand Harbour">Grand Harbour</a> (or Port il-Kbir), located at the eastern side of the capital city of Valletta, has been a harbour since <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> times. It has several extensive <a href="/wiki/Dock_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dock (maritime)">docks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wharf" title="Wharf">wharves</a>, as well as a cruise liner terminal. A terminal at the Grand Harbour serves ferries that connect Malta to <a href="/wiki/Pozzallo" title="Pozzallo">Pozzallo</a> & <a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a> in Sicily.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsamxett_Harbour" title="Marsamxett Harbour">Marsamxett Harbour</a>, located on the western side of Valletta, accommodates a number of yacht marinas.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsaxlokk_Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsaxlokk Harbour">Marsaxlokk Harbour</a> (Malta Freeport), at <a href="/wiki/Bir%C5%BCebbu%C4%A1a" title="Birżebbuġa">Birżebbuġa</a> on the south-eastern side of Malta, is the islands' main cargo terminal. Malta Freeport is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_world%27s_busiest_container_ports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of world's busiest container ports">11th busiest container ports in continent of Europe and 46th in the World</a> with a trade volume of 2.3 million <a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">TEU's</a> in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a></li></ul> There are also two human-made harbours that serve a passenger and car ferry service that connects <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Airkewwa" title="Ċirkewwa">Ċirkewwa</a> Harbour on Malta and <a href="/wiki/M%C4%A1arr_(Gozo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mġarr (Gozo)">Mġarr Harbour</a> on <a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malta_International_Airport" title="Malta International Airport">Malta International Airport</a> (Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Malta) is the only airport serving the Maltese islands. It is built on the land formerly occupied by the <a href="/wiki/RAF_Luqa" title="RAF Luqa">RAF Luqa</a> air base. A heliport is also located there. The heliport in Gozo is at <a href="/wiki/Xewkija" title="Xewkija">Xewkija</a>. A former airfield at <a href="/wiki/Ta%27_Qali" title="Ta' Qali">Ta' Qali</a> houses a national park, <a href="/wiki/Ta%27_Qali_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta' Qali Stadium">stadium</a>, the Crafts Village visitor attraction and the <a href="/wiki/Malta_Aviation_Museum" title="Malta Aviation Museum">Malta Aviation Museum</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9H-AEP_A320_Air_Malta_(14806272801).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/9H-AEP_A320_Air_Malta_%2814806272801%29.jpg/220px-9H-AEP_A320_Air_Malta_%2814806272801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/9H-AEP_A320_Air_Malta_%2814806272801%29.jpg/330px-9H-AEP_A320_Air_Malta_%2814806272801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/9H-AEP_A320_Air_Malta_%2814806272801%29.jpg/440px-9H-AEP_A320_Air_Malta_%2814806272801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>An Air Malta <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A320">Airbus A320</a></figcaption></figure> From 1 April 1974 to 30 March 2024, the national airline was <a href="/wiki/Air_Malta" title="Air Malta">Air Malta</a>, which was based at Malta International Airport and operated services to 22 destinations in Europe and North Africa. The owners of Air Malta were the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malta" title="Government of Malta">Government of Malta</a> (98 percent) and private investors (2 percent). On 31 March 2024, <a href="/wiki/KM_Malta_Airlines" title="KM Malta Airlines">KM Malta Airlines</a> took over as the national airline of Malta. All former <a href="/wiki/Air_Malta" title="Air Malta">Air Malta</a> Airplanes and other assets were transferred to the new airline, together with the staff. KM Malta Airlines is based at Malta International Airport and operates services to 18 destinations in Europe. In June 2019, <a href="/wiki/Ryanair" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a> has invested into a fully-fledged airline subsidiary, called <a href="/wiki/Malta_Air" title="Malta Air">Malta Air</a>, operating a low-cost model. The Government of Malta holds one share in the airline.<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communications">Communications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Communications">edit</a>]</div> The mobile penetration rate in Malta exceeded 100% by the end of 2009.<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> Malta uses the <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>900, UMTS(3G) and LTE(4G) mobile phone systems, which are compatible with the rest of the European countries, Australia and New Zealand.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In early 2012, the government called for a national Fibre to the Home (FttH) network to be built, with a minimum broadband service being upgraded from 4 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s.<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Healthcare">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malta" title="Healthcare in Malta">Healthcare in Malta</a></div> Malta has a long history of providing <a href="/wiki/Publicly_funded_health_care" title="Publicly funded health care">publicly funded health care</a>. The first hospital recorded in the country was already functioning by 1372.<a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a> Today, Malta has both a public healthcare system, where healthcare is free at the point of delivery, and a private healthcare system.<a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a> Malta has a strong general practitioner-delivered primary care base and the public hospitals provide secondary and tertiary care. The Maltese Ministry of Health advises foreign residents to take out private medical insurance.<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mater_Dei_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mater_Dei_01.jpg/220px-Mater_Dei_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mater_Dei_01.jpg/330px-Mater_Dei_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mater_Dei_01.jpg/440px-Mater_Dei_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4347" data-file-height="2898" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mater_Dei_Hospital" title="Mater Dei Hospital">Mater Dei Hospital</a></figcaption></figure> Malta also boasts voluntary organisations such as Alpha Medical (Advanced Care), the Emergency Fire & Rescue Unit (E.F.R.U.), St John Ambulance and Red Cross Malta who provide first aid/nursing services during events involving crowds, Malta's primary hospital, opened in 2007. It has one of the largest medical buildings in Europe. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Malta" title="University of Malta">University of Malta</a> has a medical school and a Faculty of <a href="/wiki/Health_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Sciences">Health Sciences</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Medical_Association_of_Malta" title="Medical Association of Malta">Medical Association of Malta</a> represents practitioners of the medical profession. The <a href="/wiki/Foundation_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation Program">Foundation Program</a> followed in the UK has been introduced in Malta to stem the 'brain drain' of newly graduated physicians to the British Isles. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malta" title="Culture of Malta">Culture of Malta</a></div> The culture of Malta reflects the various cultures, that have come into contact with the Maltese Islands throughout the centuries.<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malta" title="Music of Malta">Music of Malta</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manoel_Theater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Manoel_Theater.jpg/170px-Manoel_Theater.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Manoel_Theater.jpg/255px-Manoel_Theater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Manoel_Theater.jpg/340px-Manoel_Theater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1634" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Manoel_Theatre" title="Manoel Theatre">Manoel Theatre</a>, Europe's third-oldest working theatre. Now Malta's National Theatre and home to the <a href="/wiki/Malta_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Malta Philharmonic Orchestra">Malta Philharmonic Orchestra</a>.</figcaption></figure> While Maltese music today is largely Western, traditional Maltese music includes what is known as <a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7ana_(folk_music)" title="Għana (folk music)">għana</a>. This consists of background <a href="/wiki/Folk_guitar" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk guitar">folk guitar</a> music, while a few people, generally men, take it in turns to argue a point in a sing-song voice. Music plays an important part in Maltese culture as each locality parades its own band club, on various occasions these being multiple per locality, and function to establish the thematic musical background to the various <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malta" title="Public holidays in Malta">village feasts</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Malta_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Malta Philharmonic Orchestra">Malta Philharmonic Orchestra</a> is recognized as Malta's foremost musical institution and is notable for being called to participate in important state events. Contemporary music in Malta spans a variety of styles and sports international classical talents such as <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Gauci" title="Miriam Gauci">Miriam Gauci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Calleja" title="Joseph Calleja">Joseph Calleja</a>, as well as non-classical music bands such as <a href="/wiki/Winter_Moods" title="Winter Moods">Winter Moods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Red_Electric_(band)" title="Red Electric (band)">Red Electric</a>, and singers like <a href="/wiki/Ira_Losco" title="Ira Losco">Ira Losco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Faniello" title="Fabrizio Faniello">Fabrizio Faniello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Vella" title="Glen Vella">Glen Vella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Borg" title="Kevin Borg">Kevin Borg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Calleja" title="Kurt Calleja">Kurt Calleja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiara_Siracusa" title="Chiara Siracusa">Chiara Siracusa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thea_Garrett" title="Thea Garrett">Thea Garrett</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maltese_literature" title="Maltese literature">Maltese literature</a></div> Documented Maltese literature is over 200 years old. However, a recently unearthed love ballad testifies to literary activity in the local tongue from the Medieval period. Malta followed a Romantic literary tradition, culminating in the works of <a href="/wiki/Dun_Karm_Psaila" title="Dun Karm Psaila">Dun Karm Psaila</a>, Malta's national poet. Subsequent writers like <a href="/wiki/Ruzar_Briffa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruzar Briffa">Ruzar Briffa</a> and Karmenu Vassallo tried to estrange themselves from the rigidity of formal themes and versification.<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> The next generation of writers, including <a href="/wiki/Karl_Schembri" title="Karl Schembri">Karl Schembri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Mifsud" title="Immanuel Mifsud">Immanuel Mifsud</a>, widened the tracks further, especially in prose and poetry.<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Malta" title="Architecture of Malta">Architecture of Malta</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valletta_Lower_Barrakka_gardens_Malta_2014_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Valletta_Lower_Barrakka_gardens_Malta_2014_2.jpg/220px-Valletta_Lower_Barrakka_gardens_Malta_2014_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Valletta_Lower_Barrakka_gardens_Malta_2014_2.jpg/330px-Valletta_Lower_Barrakka_gardens_Malta_2014_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Valletta_Lower_Barrakka_gardens_Malta_2014_2.jpg/440px-Valletta_Lower_Barrakka_gardens_Malta_2014_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lower_Barrakka_Gardens" title="Lower Barrakka Gardens">Lower Barrakka Gardens</a></figcaption></figure> Maltese architecture has been influenced by many different Mediterranean cultures and British architecture over its history.<a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a> The first settlers on the island constructed <a href="/wiki/%C4%A0gantija" title="Ġgantija">Ġgantija</a>, one of the oldest manmade freestanding structures in the world. The Neolithic temple builders (3800–2500 BC) endowed the numerous temples of Malta and Gozo with intricate bas-relief designs. The Roman period introduced highly decorative mosaic floors, marble colonnades, and classical statuary, remnants of which are beautifully preserved and presented in the Roman Domus, a country villa just outside the walls of <a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a>. The early Christian frescoes that decorate the <a href="/wiki/Catacombs" title="Catacombs">catacombs</a> beneath Malta reveal a propensity for eastern, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> tastes. These tastes continued to inform the endeavours of <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> Maltese artists, but they were increasingly influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern Gothic</a> movements. Malta is currently undergoing several large-scale building projects, while areas such as the <a href="/wiki/Valletta_Waterfront" title="Valletta Waterfront">Valletta Waterfront</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tign%C3%A9_Point" title="Tigné Point">Tigné Point</a> have been or are being renovated.<a href="#cite_note-MaltaRecentEconomic-274">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Art">edit</a>]</div> Towards the end of the 15th century, Maltese artists, like their counterparts in Sicily, came under the influence of the School of <a href="/wiki/Antonello_da_Messina" title="Antonello da Messina">Antonello da Messina</a>, which introduced <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> ideals and concepts to the decorative arts in Malta.<a href="#cite_note-hopeandoptimism1-275">[274]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Siege_of_Malta-_Flight_of_the_Turks,_13_September_1565_RMG_L9745.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/The_Siege_of_Malta-_Flight_of_the_Turks%2C_13_September_1565_RMG_L9745.jpg/220px-The_Siege_of_Malta-_Flight_of_the_Turks%2C_13_September_1565_RMG_L9745.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/The_Siege_of_Malta-_Flight_of_the_Turks%2C_13_September_1565_RMG_L9745.jpg/330px-The_Siege_of_Malta-_Flight_of_the_Turks%2C_13_September_1565_RMG_L9745.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/The_Siege_of_Malta-_Flight_of_the_Turks%2C_13_September_1565_RMG_L9745.jpg/440px-The_Siege_of_Malta-_Flight_of_the_Turks%2C_13_September_1565_RMG_L9745.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1237" data-file-height="807" /></a><figcaption>The Siege of Malta – Flight of the Turks, by <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Perez_d%27Aleccio" class="mw-redirect" title="Matteo Perez d'Aleccio">Matteo Perez d'Aleccio</a></figcaption></figure> The artistic heritage of Malta blossomed under the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights of St. John</a>, who brought Italian and Flemish <a href="/wiki/Mannerist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannerist">Mannerist</a> painters to decorate their palaces and the churches of these islands, most notably, <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Perez_d%27Aleccio" class="mw-redirect" title="Matteo Perez d'Aleccio">Matteo Perez d'Aleccio</a>, whose works appear in the <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster%27s_Palace_in_Valletta" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandmaster's Palace in Valletta">Magisterial Palace</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Co-Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Co-Cathedral">Conventual Church of St. John</a> in Valletta, and Filippo Paladini, who was active in Malta from 1590 to 1595. For many years, Mannerism continued to inform the tastes and ideals of local Maltese artists.<a href="#cite_note-hopeandoptimism1-275">[274]</a> The arrival in Malta of <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>, who painted at least seven works during his 15-month stay on these islands, further revolutionised local art. Two of Caravaggio's most notable works, <a href="/wiki/The_Beheading_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist_(Caravaggio)" title="The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist (Caravaggio)">The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Jerome_Writing_(Valletta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Jerome Writing (Valletta)">Saint Jerome Writing</a>, are on display in the Conventual Church of St. John. His legacy is evident in the works of local artists Giulio Cassarino and <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Erardi" title="Stefano Erardi">Stefano Erardi</a>. However, the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> movement that followed was destined to have the most enduring impact on Maltese art and architecture. The vault paintings of the Calabrese artist <a href="/wiki/Mattia_Preti" title="Mattia Preti">Mattia Preti</a> transformed the Conventual Church St. John into a Baroque masterpiece. <a href="/wiki/Melchiorre_Caf%C3%A0" title="Melchiorre Cafà">Melchior Gafà</a> emerged as one of the top Baroque sculptors of the Roman School.<a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%27Still_Life_of_Pomegranates,_Peaches,_Apples_and_other_Fruit%27_by_Francesco_Noletti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%27Still_Life_of_Pomegranates%2C_Peaches%2C_Apples_and_other_Fruit%27_by_Francesco_Noletti.jpg/220px-%27Still_Life_of_Pomegranates%2C_Peaches%2C_Apples_and_other_Fruit%27_by_Francesco_Noletti.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%27Still_Life_of_Pomegranates%2C_Peaches%2C_Apples_and_other_Fruit%27_by_Francesco_Noletti.jpg/330px-%27Still_Life_of_Pomegranates%2C_Peaches%2C_Apples_and_other_Fruit%27_by_Francesco_Noletti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%27Still_Life_of_Pomegranates%2C_Peaches%2C_Apples_and_other_Fruit%27_by_Francesco_Noletti.jpg/440px-%27Still_Life_of_Pomegranates%2C_Peaches%2C_Apples_and_other_Fruit%27_by_Francesco_Noletti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="929" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Noletti" title="Francesco Noletti">Francesco Noletti</a>'s Still Life of Pomegranates, Peaches and other Fruits</figcaption></figure> During the 17th and 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Neapolitan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> influences emerged in the works of the Italian painters <a href="/wiki/Luca_Giordano" title="Luca Giordano">Luca Giordano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Solimena" title="Francesco Solimena">Francesco Solimena</a>, and these developments can be seen in the work of their Maltese contemporaries such as <a href="/wiki/Gio_Nicola_Buhagiar" title="Gio Nicola Buhagiar">Gio Nicola Buhagiar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Zahra" title="Francesco Zahra">Francesco Zahra</a>. The Rococo movement was greatly enhanced by the relocation to Malta of <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Favray" title="Antoine de Favray">Antoine de Favray</a>, who assumed the position of court painter to Grand Master Pinto in 1744.<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neo-classicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-classicism">Neo-classicism</a> made some inroads among local Maltese artists in the late-18th century, but this trend was reversed in the early 19th century, as the local Church authorities – perhaps in an effort to strengthen Catholic resolve against the perceived threat of Protestantism during the early days of British rule in Malta – favoured and avidly promoted the religious themes embraced by the <a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a>. <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a>, tempered by the naturalism introduced to Malta by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Cal%C3%AC" title="Giuseppe Calì">Giuseppe Calì</a>, informed the "salon" artists of the early 20th century, including Edward and Robert Caruana Dingli.<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> Parliament established the National School of Art in the 1920s. During the reconstruction period that followed the Second World War, the emergence of the "Modern Art Group", whose members included Josef Kalleya, George Preca, Anton Inglott, <a href="/wiki/Emvin_Cremona" title="Emvin Cremona">Emvin Cremona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Portelli_(artist)" title="Frank Portelli (artist)">Frank Portelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Camilleri_(artist)" title="Antoine Camilleri (artist)">Antoine Camilleri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Caruana" title="Gabriel Caruana">Gabriel Caruana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Esprit_Barthet" title="Esprit Barthet">Esprit Barthet</a> greatly enhanced the local art scene. This group came together forming an influential pressure group known as the Modern Art Group, which played a leading role in the renewal of Maltese art. Most of Malta's modern artists have in fact studied in Art institutions in England, or on the continent, leading to a diversity of artistic expression that has remained characteristic of contemporary Maltese art. In Valletta, the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Fine Arts, Malta">National Museum of Fine Arts</a> featured work from artists such as <a href="/wiki/H._Craig_Hanna" title="H. Craig Hanna">H. Craig Hanna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MaltaInd-279">[278]</a> In 2018 the national collection of fine arts was put on display in the new National Museum of Art, <a href="/wiki/MU%C5%BBA" title="MUŻA">MUŻA</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Italie" title="Auberge d'Italie">Auberge d'Italie</a> in Valletta.<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Cuisine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Maltese_dishes" title="List of Maltese dishes">List of Maltese dishes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta_Pastizzi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Malta_Pastizzi.JPG/170px-Malta_Pastizzi.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Malta_Pastizzi.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pastizzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastizzi">Pastizzi</a>, a typical Maltese snack</figcaption></figure> Maltese cuisine shows strong <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> influences as well as influences of <a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maghreb_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghreb cuisine">Maghrebin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Provençal cuisine">Provençal</a> cuisines. A number of regional variations can be noted as well as seasonal variations associated with the seasonal availability of produce and Christian feasts (such as <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>, Easter and Christmas). Food has been important historically in the development of a national identity in particular the traditional fenkata (i.e., the eating of stewed or fried rabbit). Potatoes are a staple of the Maltese diet as well.<a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a> A number of grapes are endemic to Malta, including <a href="/wiki/Girgentina" title="Girgentina">Girgentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C4%A0ellew%C5%BCa" title="Ġellewża">Ġellewża</a>. There is a strong <a href="/wiki/Maltese_wine" title="Maltese wine">wine industry</a>, with significant production of wines using these native grapes, as well as locally grown grapes of other more common varietals. A number of wines have achieved <a href="/wiki/Protected_Designation_of_Origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected Designation of Origin">Protected Designation of Origin</a>, with wines produced from grapes cultivated in Malta and Gozo designated as "DOK" wines, that is Denominazzjoni ta' l-Oriġini Kontrollata.<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Customs">Customs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Customs">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maltese_folklore" title="Maltese folklore">Maltese folklore</a></div> A 2010 <a href="/wiki/Charities_Aid_Foundation" title="Charities Aid Foundation">Charities Aid Foundation</a> study found that the Maltese were the most generous people in the world, with 83% contributing to charity.<a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> Maltese folktales include various stories about mysterious creatures and supernatural events. These were most comprehensively compiled by the scholar (and pioneer in Maltese <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a>) <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Magri" title="Manuel Magri">Manwel Magri</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a> in his core criticism "Ħrejjef Missirijietna" ("Fables from our Forefathers"). This collection of material inspired subsequent researchers and academics to gather traditional <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">tales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">fables</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">legends</a> from all over the Archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-MaltaRecentEconomic-274">[273]</a> While giants, witches, and dragons feature in many of the stories, some contain entirely Maltese creatures like the <a href="/wiki/Kaw_kaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaw kaw">Kaw kaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Il-Bellieg%C4%A7a" class="mw-redirect" title="Il-Belliegħa">Il-Belliegħa</a> and <a href="/wiki/L-Im%C4%A7alla" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Imħalla">L-Imħalla</a> among others. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditions">Traditions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Traditions">edit</a>]</div> Traditional Maltese proverbs reveal cultural importance of childbearing and fertility: "iż-żwieġ mingħajr tarbija ma fihx tgawdija" (a childless marriage cannot be a happy one). This is a belief that Malta shares with many other Mediterranean cultures. In Maltese folktales the local variant of the classic closing formula, "and they all lived happily ever after" is "u għammru u tgħammru, u spiċċat" (and they lived together, and they had children together, and the tale is finished).<a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carnival_in_Valletta_-_Costumes_from_the_Renaissance_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Carnival_in_Valletta_-_Costumes_from_the_Renaissance_01.jpg/220px-Carnival_in_Valletta_-_Costumes_from_the_Renaissance_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Carnival_in_Valletta_-_Costumes_from_the_Renaissance_01.jpg/330px-Carnival_in_Valletta_-_Costumes_from_the_Renaissance_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Carnival_in_Valletta_-_Costumes_from_the_Renaissance_01.jpg/440px-Carnival_in_Valletta_-_Costumes_from_the_Renaissance_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="772" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Carnival" title="Maltese Carnival">Maltese carnival</a> has been celebrated since the 1400s.</figcaption></figure> Rural Malta shares in common with the Mediterranean society a number of superstitions regarding fertility, menstruation, and pregnancy, including the avoidance of cemeteries leading up to childbirth, and avoiding the preparation of certain foods during menses. Pregnant women are encouraged to satisfy their <a href="/wiki/Food_cravings" class="mw-redirect" title="Food cravings">food cravings</a>, out of fear that their unborn child will bear a representational birth mark (Maltese: xewqa, literally "desire" or "craving"). Maltese and Sicilian women also share certain traditions that are believed to predict the sex of an unborn child.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Traditionally, Maltese newborns were baptised as promptly as possible. Traditional Maltese delicacies served at a baptismal feast include biskuttini tal-magħmudija (almond macaroons), it-torta tal-marmorata (a spicy, heart-shaped tart of chocolate-flavoured <a href="/wiki/Almond_paste" title="Almond paste">almond paste</a>), and a liqueur known as rożolin, made with rose petals, violets, and almonds.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On a child's first birthday, in a tradition that still survives today, Maltese parents would organise a game known as il-quċċija, where a variety of symbolic objects would be randomly placed around the seated child. These may include a hard-boiled egg, a Bible, <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rosary#Rosary_beads" title="Rosary">rosary beads</a>, a book, and so on. Whichever object the child shows the most interest in is said to reveal the child's path and fortunes in adulthood.<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> Traditional Maltese weddings featured the bridal party walking in procession beneath an ornate canopy, from the home of the bride's family to the parish church, with singers trailing behind (il-ġilwa). New wives would wear the <a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7onnella" title="Għonnella">għonnella</a>, a traditional item of Maltese clothing. Today's couples are married in churches or chapels in the village or town of their choice, usually followed by a lavish wedding reception. Occasionally, couples will try to incorporate elements of the traditional Maltese wedding in their celebration. A resurgent interest in the traditional wedding was evident in May 2007, when thousands of Maltese and tourists attended a traditional Maltese wedding in the style of the 16th century, in <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBurrieq" title="Żurrieq">Żurrieq</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals_and_events">Festivals and events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Festivals and events">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_statue_of_St._George_issuing_from_the_Basilica_on_the_third_Sunday_of_July.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_statue_of_St._George_issuing_from_the_Basilica_on_the_third_Sunday_of_July.jpg/164px-The_statue_of_St._George_issuing_from_the_Basilica_on_the_third_Sunday_of_July.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_statue_of_St._George_issuing_from_the_Basilica_on_the_third_Sunday_of_July.jpg/246px-The_statue_of_St._George_issuing_from_the_Basilica_on_the_third_Sunday_of_July.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_statue_of_St._George_issuing_from_the_Basilica_on_the_third_Sunday_of_July.jpg/328px-The_statue_of_St._George_issuing_from_the_Basilica_on_the_third_Sunday_of_July.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption>The statue of St. George at the festa of <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Gozo" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria, Gozo">Victoria, Gozo</a></figcaption></figure> Local festivals, similar to those in Southern Italy, are commonplace in Malta and Gozo, celebrating weddings, <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">christenings</a> and, most prominently, <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">saints' days</a>. On saints' days, in the morning, the festa reaches its apex with a <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">High Mass</a> featuring a sermon on the life and achievements of the patron saint. In the evening, a statue of the religious patron is taken around the local streets in solemn procession, with the faithful following in prayer. The atmosphere of religious devotion is preceded by several days of celebration and revelry: band marches, <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">fireworks</a>, and late-night parties. The largest festa is possibly that of the <a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption of Mary</a>, which is celebrated in 8 parishes on the 15 August and in 2 other parishes the following Sunday.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Mary_Mgarr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Saint_Mary_Mgarr.jpg/166px-Saint_Mary_Mgarr.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Saint_Mary_Mgarr.jpg/249px-Saint_Mary_Mgarr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Saint_Mary_Mgarr.jpg/331px-Saint_Mary_Mgarr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The statue of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Mary">Santa Marija</a> at the festa of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%A1arr" title="Mġarr">Mġarr, Malta</a></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Carnival" title="Maltese Carnival">Carnival</a> (Maltese: il-karnival ta' Malta) has had an important place on the cultural calendar after <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (order)">Grand Master</a> It is held during the week leading up to <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a>, and typically includes masked balls, fancy dress and grotesque mask competitions, lavish late-night parties, a colourful, ticker-tape parade of allegorical <a href="/wiki/Float_(parade)" title="Float (parade)">floats</a> presided over by King Carnival (Maltese: ir-Re tal-Karnival), marching bands and costumed revellers.<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Week in Malta">Holy Week</a> (Maltese: il-Ġimgħa Mqaddsa) starts on <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a> (Ħadd il-Palm) and ends on <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a> (Ħadd il-Għid). <a href="/wiki/Maltese_folklore#Mnarja" title="Maltese folklore">Mnarja</a>, or l-Imnarja (pronounced lim-nar-ya) is one of the most important dates on the Maltese cultural calendar. Officially, it is a national festival dedicated to the feast of <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a>. Its roots can be traced back to the pagan <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman</a> feast of Luminaria (literally, "the illumination"), when torches and bonfires lit up the early summer night of 29 June.<a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a> The festivities still commence today with the reading of the "bandu", an official governmental announcement, which has been read on this day in Malta since the 16th century. It is said that under the Knights, this was the one day in the year when the Maltese were allowed to hunt and eat <a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">wild rabbit</a>, which was otherwise reserved for the hunting pleasures of the Knights. The close connection between Mnarja and <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_stew" title="Rabbit stew">rabbit stew</a> (Maltese: "fenkata") remains strong today.<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta_-_ZebbugM_-_Good_Friday_225_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Malta_-_ZebbugM_-_Good_Friday_225_ies.jpg/202px-Malta_-_ZebbugM_-_Good_Friday_225_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Malta_-_ZebbugM_-_Good_Friday_225_ies.jpg/303px-Malta_-_ZebbugM_-_Good_Friday_225_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Malta_-_ZebbugM_-_Good_Friday_225_ies.jpg/404px-Malta_-_ZebbugM_-_Good_Friday_225_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_procession" title="Holy Week procession">Holy Week procession</a> in Żebbuġ</figcaption></figure>Isle of MTV is a one-day music festival produced and broadcast on an annual basis by MTV. The festival has been arranged annually in Malta since 2007, with major pop artists performing each year. 2012 saw the performances of worldwide acclaimed artists <a href="/wiki/Flo_Rida" title="Flo Rida">Flo Rida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Furtado" title="Nelly Furtado">Nelly Furtado</a> and <a href="/wiki/Will.i.am" title="Will.i.am">Will.i.am</a>. Over 50,000 people attended, which marked the biggest attendance so far.<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a> The Malta International Fireworks Festival has been arranged annually in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Harbour" title="Grand Harbour">Grand Harbour</a> of Valletta since 2003.<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Malta" title="List of newspapers in Malta">List of newspapers in Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Malta" title="List of radio stations in Malta">List of radio stations in Malta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Malta" title="Television in Malta">Television in Malta</a></div> The most widely read and financially the strongest newspapers are published by Allied Newspapers Ltd., mainly <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times of Malta">The Times of Malta</a> (27 percent) and its Sunday edition The Sunday Times of Malta (51.6 percent).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Due to <a href="/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism">bilingualism</a> half of the newspapers are published in English and the other half in <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>. The Sunday newspaper It-Torċa ("The Torch") published by a subsidiary of the <a href="/wiki/General_Workers%27_Union_(Malta)" title="General Workers' Union (Malta)">General Workers' Union</a>, is the widest Maltese language paper. Its sister paper, <a href="/wiki/L-Orizzont" title="L-Orizzont">L-Orizzont</a> ("The Horizon"), is the Maltese daily with the biggest circulation. There is a high number of daily or weekly newspapers—one for every 28,000 people. Advertising, sales, and <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidies</a> are the three main methods of financing.<a href="#cite_note-a1-293">[292]</a> There are nine terrestrial television channels in Malta: <a href="/wiki/TVM_(Malta)" class="mw-redirect" title="TVM (Malta)">TVM</a>, <a href="/wiki/TVMNews%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="TVMNews+">TVMNews+</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parliament_TV_(Malta)" title="Parliament TV (Malta)">Parliament TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/One_(Maltese_TV_channel)" title="One (Maltese TV channel)">One</a>, <a href="/wiki/NET_Television_(Malta)" class="mw-redirect" title="NET Television (Malta)">NET Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smash_Television" title="Smash Television">Smash Television</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=F_Living&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F Living (page does not exist)">F Living</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=TVMSport%2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TVMSport+ (page does not exist)">TVMSport+</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xejk" title="Xejk">Xejk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a> The state and <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malta" title="List of political parties in Malta">political parties</a> subsidise most of the funding of these channels. TVM, TVMNews+, and Parliament TV are operated by <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Services" title="Public Broadcasting Services">Public Broadcasting Services</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">national broadcaster</a>, and members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">EBU</a>. Media.link Communications Ltd., the owner of NET Television, and <a href="/wiki/One_Productions_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="One Productions Ltd">One Productions Ltd</a>., the owner of One, are affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Malta)" title="Nationalist Party (Malta)">Nationalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Malta)" title="Labour Party (Malta)">Labour</a> parties, respectively. The rest are privately owned. The Malta Broadcasting Authority has authority to supervise all local broadcasting stations and ensures their compliance with legal and licence obligations as well as the preservation of due impartiality.<a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> The Malta Communications Authority reported that there were 147,896 pay TV subscriptions active at the end of 2012.<a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a> For reference the 2011 census counts 139,583 households in Malta.<a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a> Satellite reception is available to receive other European television networks.<a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Malta" title="Sport in Malta">Sport in Malta</a></div> Football (soccer) is one of the most popular sports in Malta. Other popular sports include <a href="/wiki/Bo%C4%8B%C4%8Bi" class="mw-redirect" title="Boċċi">boċċi</a>, horse racing, <a href="/wiki/Gostra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gostra">gostra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatta">regatta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">water polo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clay_pigeon_shooting" title="Clay pigeon shooting">clay pigeon shooting</a>, and motorsports.<a href="#cite_note-299">[298]</a> In 2018 Malta hosted its first <a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">Esports</a> tournament, 'Supernova CS:GO Malta',<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Counter-Strike:_Global_Offensive" title="Counter-Strike: Global Offensive">Counter-Strike: Global Offensive</a> tournament.<a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a> Also since 2018, Malta has become the primary location for hosting <a href="/wiki/ESL_Pro_League" title="ESL Pro League">ESL Pro League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/48px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/64px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malta" title="Portal:Malta">Malta portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:EU" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:EU">EU portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malta" title="Outline of Malta">Outline of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Malta-related_articles" title="Index of Malta-related articles">Index of Malta-related articles</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> 2021 census. Chapter 4: Racial origin </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Government%20Gazette/PA%20GN/Documents/2019/Government%20Gazette%20-%203rd%20September.pdf">"Gazzetta tal-Gvern ta' Malta"</a> (PDF) (in Maltese). 3 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919130034/https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Government%20Gazette/PA%20GN/Documents/2019/Government%20Gazette%20-%203rd%20September.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gazzetta+tal-Gvern+ta%27+Malta&rft.date=2019-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.mt%2Fen%2FGovernment%2FDOI%2FGovernment%2520Gazette%2FPA%2520GN%2FDocuments%2F2019%2FGovernment%2520Gazette%2520-%25203rd%2520September.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitmalta.com/en/a/language/">"Language - VisitMalta"</a>. VisitMalta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001013623/https://www.visitmalta.com/en/a/language/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Language+-+VisitMalta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmalta.com%2Fen%2Fa%2Flanguage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141941/http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2016-03-17/local-news/Maltese-sign-language-to-be-recognised-as-an-official-language-of-Malta-6736155052">"Maltese sign language to be recognised as an official language of Malta"</a>. The Malta Independent. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2016-03-17/local-news/Maltese-sign-language-to-be-recognised-as-an-official-language-of-Malta-6736155052">the original</a> on 12 June 2018. 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Oxford University Press. pp. 124–132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-921660-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-921660-4"><bdi>978-0-19-921660-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907185312/https://books.google.com/books?id=HOjDB8M27wkC&pg=PA124">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Archaeology+of+the+Senses%3A+Prehistoric+Malta&rft.pages=124-132&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-921660-4&rft.aulast=Skeates&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHOjDB8M27wkC%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.micc.org.mt/en/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1235&Itemid=821&lang=en">"History"</a>. Maltese Italian Chamber of Commerce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008001147/https://www.micc.org.mt/en/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1235&Itemid=821&lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=Maltese+Italian+Chamber+of+Commerce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.micc.org.mt%2Fen%2Fen%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D1235%26Itemid%3D821%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-otsf-57"><a href="#cite_ref-otsf_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.otsf.org/">"Old Temples Study Foundation"</a>. OTSF. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208014817/http://otsf.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+Temples+Study+Foundation&rft.pub=OTSF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.otsf.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheehan2000" class="citation book cs1">Sheehan, Sean (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LRGrRy7S750C&pg=PA87">Malta</a>. Marshall Cavendish. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-0993-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-0993-9"><bdi>978-0-7614-0993-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906212602/https://books.google.com/books?id=LRGrRy7S750C&pg=PA87">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malta&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-0993-9&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLRGrRy7S750C%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081212031419/http://users.aber.ac.uk/jpg/malta/arch.html">"Archaeology and prehistory"</a>. Aberystwyth, The University of Wales. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://users.aber.ac.uk/jpg/malta/arch.html">the original</a> on 12 December 2008. Retrieved 31 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archaeology+and+prehistory&rft.pub=Aberystwyth%2C+The+University+of+Wales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.aber.ac.uk%2Fjpg%2Fmalta%2Farch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100329164847/http://visitmalta.com/museum-of-archaeology">"National Museum of Archaeology"</a>. Visitmalta.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitmalta.com/museum-of-archaeology">the original</a> on 29 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visitmalta.com&rft.atitle=National+Museum+of+Archaeology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmalta.com%2Fmuseum-of-archaeology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229050005/http://www.port.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandevents/news/archive2009/april2009/title%2C94480%2Cen.html">"Ancient mystery solved by geographers"</a>. Port.ac.uk. 20 April 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.port.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandevents/news/archive2009/april2009/title,94480,en.html">the original</a> on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Port.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Ancient+mystery+solved+by+geographers&rft.date=2009-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.port.ac.uk%2Faboutus%2Fnewsandevents%2Fnews%2Farchive2009%2Fapril2009%2Ftitle%2C94480%2Cen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMottershead,_DerekPearson,_AlastairSchaefer,_Martin2008" class="citation journal cs1">Mottershead, Derek; Pearson, Alastair; Schaefer, Martin (2008). "The cart ruts of Malta: an applied geomorphology approach". Antiquity. 82 (318): 1065–1079. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00097787">10.1017/S0003598X00097787</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162827926">162827926</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=The+cart+ruts+of+Malta%3A+an+applied+geomorphology+approach&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=318&rft.pages=1065-1079&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00097787&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162827926%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Mottershead%2C+Derek&rft.au=Pearson%2C+Alastair&rft.au=Schaefer%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCilia" class="citation web cs1">Cilia, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.infinito.it/utenti/m/malta_mega_temples/linetime.html">"Malta Before Common Era"</a>. 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GMB Publishing Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905050-63-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905050-63-5"><bdi>978-1-905050-63-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906173245/https://books.google.com/books?id=kc7DO3TZEYcC&pg=PA4">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2015. 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Retrieved 16 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Volume+16%2C+Issue+1&rft.pub=Fondazzjoni+Patrimonju+Malti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrimonju.org%2Fcontent.aspx%3Fid%3D176541%26subId%3D176539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cassar56–57-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cassar56–57_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cassar56–57_73-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCassar2000">Cassar 2000</a>, pp. 56–57 </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150126230408/http://www.centralbankmalta.org/timeline-coins">"218 BC – 395 AD Roman Coinage"</a>. Bank of Malta. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centralbankmalta.org/timeline-coins">the original</a> on 26 January 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=218+BC+%E2%80%93+395+AD+Roman+Coinage&rft.pub=Bank+of+Malta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centralbankmalta.org%2Ftimeline-coins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg005.perseus-grc1:28.1">"Acts, chapter 28, verse 1"</a>. Perseus.tufts.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414123234/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg005.perseus-grc1:28.1">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perseus.tufts.edu&rft.atitle=Acts%2C+chapter+28%2C+verse+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3Durn%3Acts%3AgreekLit%3Atlg0031.tlg005.perseus-grc1%3A28.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Brown, Thomas S. (1991). "Malta". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. p. 1277. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504652-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504652-6"><bdi>978-0-19-504652-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malta&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.pages=1277&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-504652-6&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Thomas+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwardsGaddHammond1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/I._E._S._Edwards" title="I. E. S. Edwards">Edwards, I. E. S.</a>; <a href="/wiki/C._J._Gadd" title="C. J. Gadd">Gadd, C. J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/N._G._L._Hammond" title="N. G. L. Hammond">Hammond, N. G. L.</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n1TmVvMwmo4C&pg=RA1-PA723">The Cambridge Ancient History</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-08691-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-08691-2"><bdi>978-0-521-08691-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170124050045/https://books.google.com/books?id=n1TmVvMwmo4C&pg=RA1-PA723">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-521-08691-2&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=I.+E.+S.&rft.au=Gadd%2C+C.+J.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+N.+G.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn1TmVvMwmo4C%26pg%3DRA1-PA723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroll,_Christian_W.Hewer,_C.T.R.2012" class="citation book cs1">Troll, Christian W.; Hewer, C.T.R. (12 September 2012). "Journeying toward God". Christian Lives Given to the Study of Islam. Fordham University Press. p. 258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-4319-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-4319-8"><bdi>978-0-8232-4319-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Journeying+toward+God&rft.btitle=Christian+Lives+Given+to+the+Study+of+Islam&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=2012-09-12&rft.isbn=978-0-8232-4319-8&rft.au=Troll%2C+Christian+W.&rft.au=Hewer%2C+C.T.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stan-79"><a href="#cite_ref-stan_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/group/mountpolizzo/handbookPDF/MPHandbook5.pdf">"Brief history of Sicily"</a> (PDF). Archaeology.Stanford.edu. 7 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119004221/http://www.stanford.edu/group/mountpolizzo/handbookPDF/MPHandbook5.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeology.Stanford.edu&rft.atitle=Brief+history+of+Sicily&rft.date=2007-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanford.edu%2Fgroup%2Fmountpolizzo%2FhandbookPDF%2FMPHandbook5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Travel_Malta-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Travel_Malta_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Travel_Malta_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Travel Malta. MobileReference. The Arab period and the Middle Ages. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61198-279-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61198-279-4"><bdi>978-1-61198-279-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travel+Malta&rft.pages=The+Arab+period+and+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=MobileReference&rft.isbn=978-1-61198-279-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrincat1995" class="citation book cs1">Brincat, Joseph M. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/55365/4/Malta_870_1054.pdf">Malta 870-1054: Al-Himyari's account and its linguistic implications</a> (PDF). Said International. p. 21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213162211/https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/55365/4/Malta_870_1054.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malta+870-1054%3A+Al-Himyari%27s+account+and+its+linguistic+implications&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Said+International&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Brincat&rft.aufirst=Joseph+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.um.edu.mt%2Flibrary%2Foar%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F55365%2F4%2FMalta_870_1054.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2006" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Andrew (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jIP9WiIOtKYC&pg=PA64">Corpus Linguistics Around the World</a>. 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The island was after the period of Count Roger of the Normans afterward given up to the Germans, on account of the marriage between Constance, heiress of Sicily, and Henry VI, son of the Emperor Friedrick Barbarossa. Malta was elevated to a county and a marquisate, but its trade was now totally ruined, and for a considerable period of it remained solely a fortified garrison.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+colonies+of+the+British+Empire&rft.pages=569&rft.pub=W.+H.+Allen&rft.date=1843&rft.au=Martin%2C+Robert+Montgomery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyDQGAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aboutmalta.com/history/time-Line.htm">"Time-Line"</a>. 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The French Occupation"</a> (PDF). St Benedict College. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stbenedictcollege.org/stlucija/files/Sandro%20Sciberras/Form%203%20Option%20Maltese%20History/Unit%20F_%20Malta%20under%20the%20French%20+%20WS%2012p.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maltese+History+%E2%80%93+F.+The+French+Occupation&rft.pub=St+Benedict+College&rft.aulast=Sciberras&rft.aufirst=Sandro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stbenedictcollege.org%2Fstlucija%2Ffiles%2FSandro%2520Sciberras%2FForm%25203%2520Option%2520Maltese%2520History%2FUnit%2520F_%2520Malta%2520under%2520the%2520French%2520%2B%2520WS%252012p.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeider" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Weider" title="Ben Weider">Weider, Ben</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312073211/http://www.napoleonicsociety.com/english/Life_Nap_Chap12.htm">"Chapter 12 – The Egyptian Campaign of 1798"</a>. International Napoleonic Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleonicsociety.com/english/Life_Nap_Chap12.htm">the original</a> on 12 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Napoleonic+Society&rft.atitle=Chapter+12+%E2%80%93+The+Egyptian+Campaign+of+1798&rft.aulast=Weider&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.napoleonicsociety.com%2Fenglish%2FLife_Nap_Chap12.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShosenberg2017" class="citation journal cs1">Shosenberg, J.W. (April 2017). "NAPOLÉON'S EGYPTIAN RIDDLE". Military History. 34 (1): 25 – via Ebsco.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+History&rft.atitle=NAPOL%C3%89ON%27S+EGYPTIAN+RIDDLE&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=25&rft.date=2017-04&rft.aulast=Shosenberg&rft.aufirst=J.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiavone2009" class="citation book cs1">Schiavone, Michael J. (2009). Dictionary of Maltese Biographies A-F. Publikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. pp. 533–534. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99932-91-32-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-99932-91-32-9"><bdi>978-99932-91-32-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Maltese+Biographies+A-F&rft.pages=533-534&rft.pub=Publikazzjonijiet+Indipendenza&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-99932-91-32-9&rft.aulast=Schiavone&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1940-43-117"><a href="#cite_ref-1940-43_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolland2003" class="citation book cs1">Holland, James (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fortressmaltaisl00holl">Fortress Malta An Island Under Siege 1940–43</a>. Miramax. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-5186-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-5186-1"><bdi>978-1-4013-5186-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fortress+Malta+An+Island+Under+Siege+1940%E2%80%9343&rft.pub=Miramax&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-4013-5186-1&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffortressmaltaisl00holl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DIC_11-118"><a href="#cite_ref-DIC_11_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRudolfBerg2010">Rudolf & Berg 2010</a>, p. 11 </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalea2014" class="citation news cs1">Galea, Michael (16 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160206134215/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20141116/life-features/Malta-earns-the-title-nurse-of-the-Mediterranean-.544455">"Malta earns the title 'nurse of the Mediterranean'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_(Malta)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times (Malta)">The Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20141116/life-features/Malta-earns-the-title-nurse-of-the-Mediterranean-.544455">the original</a> on 6 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Malta+earns+the+title+%27nurse+of+the+Mediterranean%27&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.aulast=Galea&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofmalta.com%2Farticles%2Fview%2F20141116%2Flife-features%2FMalta-earns-the-title-nurse-of-the-Mediterranean-.544455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Malta">"Malta definition of Malta in the Free Online Encyclopedia."</a>. Free Online Encyclopedia – List of Legal Holidays. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130617220624/http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Malta">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malta+definition+of+Malta+in+the+Free+Online+Encyclopedia.&rft.btitle=Free+Online+Encyclopedia+%E2%80%93+List+of+Legal+Holidays&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com%2FMalta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140130231035/http://www.visitmalta.com/en/event-details/2013-06/sette-giugno-6533">"SETTE GIUGNO"</a>. Visitmalta – The official tourism website for Malta, Gozo and Comino. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitmalta.com/en/event-details/2013-06/sette-giugno-6533">the original</a> on 30 January 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visitmalta+%E2%80%93+The+official+tourism+website+for+Malta%2C+Gozo+and+Comino&rft.atitle=SETTE+GIUGNO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmalta.com%2Fen%2Fevent-details%2F2013-06%2Fsette-giugno-6533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120906002153/http://www.maltavoyager.com/history_independence.html">"Independence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maltavoyager.com/history_independence.html">the original</a> on 6 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Independence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maltavoyager.com%2Fhistory_independence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BJandCS-p36-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BJandCS-p36_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BJandCS-p36_123-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBierman,_JohnSmith,_Colin2002" class="citation book cs1">Bierman, John; Smith, Colin (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleofalameint00bier/page/36">The Battle of Alamein: Turning Point, World War II</a>. Viking. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleofalameint00bier/page/36">36</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-03040-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-03040-8"><bdi>978-0-670-03040-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Alamein%3A+Turning+Point%2C+World+War+II&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-670-03040-8&rft.au=Bierman%2C+John&rft.au=Smith%2C+Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattleofalameint00bier%2Fpage%2F36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTitterton,_G._A.2002" class="citation book cs1">Titterton, G. A. (2002). The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean, Volume 2. Psychology Press. p. xiii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5179-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5179-8"><bdi>978-0-7146-5179-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Navy+and+the+Mediterranean%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-5179-8&rft.au=Titterton%2C+G.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElliottP--pxx-125"><a href="#cite_ref-ElliottP--pxx_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott,_Peter1980" class="citation book cs1">Elliott, Peter (1980). The Cross and the Ensign: A Naval History of Malta, 1798–1979. Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-926-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-926-9"><bdi>978-0-87021-926-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cross+and+the+Ensign%3A+A+Naval+History+of+Malta%2C+1798%E2%80%931979&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-87021-926-9&rft.au=Elliott%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CP-p42-44-126"><a href="#cite_ref-CP-p42-44_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalvocoressi,_Peter1981" class="citation book cs1">Calvocoressi, Peter (1981). Top Secret Ultra – Volume 10 of Ballantine Espionage Intelligence Library (reprint ed.). 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Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-086116-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-086116-7"><bdi>978-3-11-086116-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion%2C+Power+and+Protest+in+Local+Communities%3A+The+Northern+Shore+of+the+Mediterranean&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH+%26+Co+KG&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-3-11-086116-7&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Eric+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenech1997" class="citation journal cs1">Fenech, Dominic (February 1997). "Malta's external security". 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Retrieved 1 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Online&rft.atitle=Malta+votes+%27Yes%27+in+divorce+referendum&rft.date=2011-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-13588834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkerThierij2022" class="citation news cs1">Parker, Jessica; Thierij, Sira (12 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62479624">"Malta: The only EU country where abortion is illegal leaves women scared"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221002235747/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62479624">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2022. 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Retrieved 25 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Malta&rft.atitle=Budget+2022%3A+Free+bus+service+for+all+by+October+1+next+year&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofmalta.com%2Farticles%2Fview%2Fbudget-2022-free-bus-service-for-all-by-next-year.907165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/watch-live-government-announces-metro-study-results.905092">"Government unveils 25-station, €6.2 billion underground Metro proposal"</a>. Times of Malta. 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Retrieved 3 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Malta&rft.atitle=Analogue+TV+is+dead%3A+Long+live+digital+TV%21&rft.date=2011-10-20&rft.aulast=Debattista&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofmalta.com%2Farticles%2Fview%2F20111020%2Ftechnology%2FAnalogue-TV-is-dead-Long-live-digital-TV-.389995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ba.org.mt/about-us">"About Us"</a>. ba.org.mt. Retrieved 26 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ba.org.mt&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fba.org.mt%2Fabout-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512091647/http://www.mca.org.mt/sites/default/files/attachments/reports/2013/cmr-sh-2012-report-24-04-2012.pdf">"MCA Communications Market Review, July to December 2012"</a> (PDF). Malta Communications Authority. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mca.org.mt/sites/default/files/attachments/reports/2013/cmr-sh-2012-report-24-04-2012.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MCA+Communications+Market+Review%2C+July+to+December+2012&rft.pub=Malta+Communications+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mca.org.mt%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fattachments%2Freports%2F2013%2Fcmr-sh-2012-report-24-04-2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515202638/http://nso.gov.mt/statdoc/document_file.aspx?id=3424">"Census of Population and Housing 2011 (Preliminary Report)"</a>. National Statistics Office, Malta. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nso.gov.mt/statdoc/document_file.aspx?id=3424">the original</a> on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing+2011+%28Preliminary+Report%29&rft.pub=National+Statistics+Office%2C+Malta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nso.gov.mt%2Fstatdoc%2Fdocument_file.aspx%3Fid%3D3424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ba.org.mt/en/home">"Broadcasting Authority"</a>. ba.org.mt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220820053003/https://ba.org.mt/en/home">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ba.org.mt&rft.atitle=Broadcasting+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fba.org.mt%2Fen%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welcome-center-malta.com/post/top-sports-in-malta-traditional-and-most-common">"Top sports in Malta"</a>. Welcome Center Malta. Retrieved 10 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+sports+in+Malta&rft.pub=Welcome+Center+Malta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.welcome-center-malta.com%2Fpost%2Ftop-sports-in-malta-traditional-and-most-common&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.supernovamalta.com">"Supernova CS:GO Malta | Malta's first ever pro esports tournament"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190816074525/https://www.supernovamalta.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Supernova+CS%3AGO+Malta+%26%23124%3B+Malta%27s+first+ever+pro+esports+tournament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.supernovamalta.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitmalta.com/en/event-details/2018-11/supernova-cs-go-malta-12050">"SUPERNOVA CS:GO MALTA"</a>. Visitmalta.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709144543/https://www.visitmalta.com/en/event-details/2018-11/supernova-cs-go-malta-12050">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visitmalta.com&rft.atitle=SUPERNOVA+CS%3AGO+MALTA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmalta.com%2Fen%2Fevent-details%2F2018-11%2Fsupernova-cs-go-malta-12050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esportsinsider.com/2022/08/esl-pro-league-remains-in-malta-until-2024">"ESL Pro League remains in Malta until 2024"</a>. esportsinsider.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322130141/https://esportsinsider.com/2022/08/esl-pro-league-remains-in-malta-until-2024">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=esportsinsider.com&rft.atitle=ESL+Pro+League+remains+in+Malta+until+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesportsinsider.com%2F2022%2F08%2Fesl-pro-league-remains-in-malta-until-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCramer1828" class="citation book cs1">Cramer, John Anthony (1828). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ageographicalan04cramgoog">Geographical and Historical Description of Ancient Greece</a>. Clarendon Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ageographicalan04cramgoog/page/n63">45</a>–46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geographical+and+Historical+Description+of+Ancient+Greece&rft.pages=45-46&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1828&rft.aulast=Cramer&rft.aufirst=John+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fageographicalan04cramgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090716061437/http://www.maltastreetmap.com/">"Map of Malta and Gozo"</a>. Street Map of Malta and Gozo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maltastreetmap.com/">the original</a> on 16 July 2009. 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Retrieved 17 November 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Photos+of+Gozo&rft.atitle=Photos+of+Gozo+sister+island+of+Malta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gozo.us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pvv.org/~bct/malta/">"Photos of Malta"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080630175003/http://www.pvv.org/~bct/malta/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2008. Retrieved 26 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Photos+of+Malta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pvv.org%2F~bct%2Fmalta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malta/">"Malta"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. 22 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210402195116/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malta/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2021. 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Eran Laor Cartographic Collection. The <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel">National Library of Israel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attribution">Attribution</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Attribution">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028215840/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555566/Malta.html">"Malta"</a>. MSN Encarta. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555566/Malta.html">the original</a> on 28 October 2009. 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BBC "On this day". 15 April 1942. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807051148/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/15/newsid_3530000/3530301.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+%22On+this+day%22&rft.atitle=1942%3A+Malta+gets+George+Cross+for+bravery&rft.date=1942-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fapril%2F15%2Fnewsid_3530000%2F3530301.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen-Jones1962" class="citation book cs1">Bowen-Jones, Howard; et al. (1962). Malta Background for Development. University of Durham. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/204863">204863</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malta+Background+for+Development&rft.pub=University+of+Durham&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F204863&rft.aulast=Bowen-Jones&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassar2000" class="citation book cs1">Cassar, Carmel (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c3nJnQEACAAJ">A Concise History of Malta</a>. Mireva Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-870579-52-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-870579-52-0"><bdi>978-1-870579-52-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+Malta&rft.pub=Mireva+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-870579-52-0&rft.aulast=Cassar&rft.aufirst=Carmel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc3nJnQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Malta">"Malta" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 507–514.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malta&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=507-514&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancesco_Balbi_di_Correggio_1568_translated_Ernle_Bradford2003" class="citation book cs1">Francesco Balbi di Correggio 1568 translated Ernle Bradford (2003) [1965]. "chapter II". The Siege of Malta 1565. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-101202-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-101202-5"><bdi>978-0-14-101202-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=chapter+II&rft.btitle=The+Siege+of+Malta+1565&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-14-101202-5&rft.au=Francesco+Balbi+di+Correggio+1568+translated+Ernle+Bradford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarolyn_Bain2004" class="citation book cs1">Carolyn Bain (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetmalt00caro">Malta</a>. Lonely Planet Publication. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-178-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-178-2"><bdi>978-1-74059-178-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malta&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet+Publication&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-74059-178-2&rft.au=Carolyn+Bain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flonelyplanetmalt00caro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Charles Mifsud, The Climatological History of The Maltese Islands, Minerva 1984</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Williams2009" class="citation book cs1">Paul Williams (2009). Malta – Island Under Siege. Pen and Sword Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-012-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-012-6"><bdi>978-1-84884-012-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malta+%E2%80%93+Island+Under+Siege&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84884-012-6&rft.au=Paul+Williams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="DIC_11" class="citation book cs1">Rudolf, Uwe Jens; Berg, W. G. (2010). Historical Dictionary of Malta. Scarecrow Press. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5317-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5317-1"><bdi>978-0-8108-5317-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Malta&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-5317-1&rft.aulast=Rudolf&rft.aufirst=Uwe+Jens&rft.au=Berg%2C+W.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_Development_Programme2006" class="citation book cs1">United Nations Development Programme (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humandevelopment0000unse_t5c8">Human Development Report 2005 – International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-522146-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-522146-6"><bdi>978-0-19-522146-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2005+%E2%80%93+International+cooperation+at+a+crossroads%3A+Aid%2C+trade+and+security+in+an+unequal+world&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-522146-6&rft.au=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhumandevelopment0000unse_t5c8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtauz2008" class="citation book cs1">Atauz, Ayse Devrim (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FWsUAQAAIAAJ">Eight Thousand Years of Maltese Maritime History: Trade, Piracy, and Naval Warfare in the Central Mediterranean</a>. University Press of Florida. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8130-3179-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8130-3179-8"><bdi>978-0-8130-3179-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eight+Thousand+Years+of+Maltese+Maritime+History%3A+Trade%2C+Piracy%2C+and+Naval+Warfare+in+the+Central+Mediterranean&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Florida&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8130-3179-8&rft.aulast=Atauz&rft.aufirst=Ayse+Devrim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFWsUAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardman1909" class="citation book cs1">Hardman, William (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofmaltadu00hard#page/44/mode/2up">"Chapter VII – Attack and Capture of Malta by the French"</a>. A history of Malta during the period of the French and British occupations, 1798–1815. Longmans, Green & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+VII+%E2%80%93+Attack+and+Capture+of+Malta+by+the+French&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Malta+during+the+period+of+the+French+and+British+occupations%2C+1798%E2%80%931815&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+%26+Co&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Hardman&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fhistoryofmaltadu00hard%23page%2F44%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulican1992" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Culican" title="William Culican">Culican, William</a> (1992), "Phoenicia and Phoenician Colonization", The Cambridge Ancient History, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge, England">Cambridge</a>: Cambridge University Press, pp. 461–546</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Phoenicia+and+Phoenician+Colonization&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=461-546&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Culican&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiligheddu2006" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Filigheddu, Paolo (2007), "Die Ortsnamen des Mittelmeerraums in der Phönizischen und Punischen Überlieferung", Ugarit-Forschungen: Internationales Jahrbuch für die Altertumskunde Syrien-Palästinas, vol.  38 2006, Munster: Ugarit Verlag, pp. 149–266</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Die+Ortsnamen+des+Mittelmeerraums+in+der+Ph%C3%B6nizischen+und+Punischen+%C3%9Cberlieferung&rft.btitle=Ugarit-Forschungen%3A+Internationales+Jahrbuch+f%C3%BCr+die+Altertumskunde+Syrien-Pal%C3%A4stinas&rft.place=Munster&rft.pages=149-266&rft.pub=Ugarit+Verlag&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Filigheddu&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalta" class="Z3988">. (in German)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Hastings, Max (2021). Operation Pedestal: The Fleet that Battled to Malta, 1942. New York: HarperCollins. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780008364960" title="Special:BookSources/9780008364960">9780008364960</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malta&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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class="external text" href="https://www.mepa.org.mt/">Malta Environment and Planning Authority's</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429225759/http://www.mepa.org.mt/">Archived</a> 29 April 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Geographic_information_system" title="Geographic information system">GIS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitmalta.com/en/home">Visit Malta</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814230953/https://www.visitmalta.com/en/home">Archived</a> 14 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Maltese tourism official site</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malta/">Malta</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210402195116/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malta/">Archived</a> 2 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/malta.htm">Malta</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114648/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/malta.htm">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Malta" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Malta">Wikimedia Atlas of Malta</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malta_topics" title="Template:Malta topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malta_topics" title="Template talk:Malta topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malta_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malta topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Malta_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malta</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Malta-related_articles" title="Index of Malta-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malta" title="History of Malta">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Maltese_history" title="Timeline of Maltese history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_Temples_of_Malta" title="Megalithic Temples of Malta">Megalithic Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Malta_(218_BC)" title="Capture of Malta (218 BC)">Invasion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Malta" title="Byzantine Malta">Byzantine rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malta#Arab_period" title="History of Malta">Arab Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Melite_(870)" title="Siege of Melite (870)">Aghlabid invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Medina_(1053%E2%80%931054)" title="Siege of Medina (1053–1054)">Byzantine invasion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Malta" title="Norman invasion of Malta">Norman invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malta" title="Battle of Malta">Battle of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(1429)" title="Siege of Malta (1429)">Hafsid invasion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Malta" title="Hospitaller Malta">Hospitaller rule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Gozo_(1551)" title="Invasion of Gozo (1551)">Invasion of Gozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Great Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_of_the_Priests" title="Rising of the Priests">Rising of the Priests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_occupation_of_Malta" title="French occupation of Malta">French occupation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Malta" title="French invasion of Malta">Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(1798%E2%80%931800)" title="Siege of Malta (1798–1800)">Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gozo_(1798%E2%80%931800)" title="Gozo (1798–1800)">Independent Gozo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Protectorate" title="Malta Protectorate">British Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">British Colony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_Question_(Malta)" title="Language Question (Malta)">Language Question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_exiles" title="Malta exiles">Exiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Award_of_the_George_Cross_to_Malta" title="Award of the George Cross to Malta">Award of the George Cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Malta" title="State of Malta">State of Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_Malta.svg/80px-Arms_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_Malta.svg/120px-Arms_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_Malta.svg/160px-Arms_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="350" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malta" title="Geography of Malta">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caves_of_Malta" title="Category:Caves of Malta">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Malta" title="Climate of Malta">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Malta" title="Fortifications of Malta">Fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Malta" title="Geology of Malta">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Malta" title="Category:Islands of Malta">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_localities_in_Malta" title="List of localities in Malta">Localities</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maps_of_Malta" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Maps of Malta">Maps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malta" title="Politics of Malta">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Armed Forces of Malta">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Commander of the Armed Forces of Malta">Commander</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malta" title="Constitution of Malta">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malta" title="Elections in Malta">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of Malta">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Foreign_and_European_Affairs_(Malta)" title="Ministry for Foreign and European Affairs (Malta)">Ministry for Foreign and European Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_for_foreign_affairs_of_Malta" title="List of ministers for foreign affairs of Malta">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Malta" title="List of heads of state of Malta">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Malta">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Malta" title="Local councils of Malta">Local councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malta" title="Parliament of Malta">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malta" title="List of political parties in Malta">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Malta" title="List of prime ministers of Malta">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_to_the_Prime_Minister_(Malta)" title="Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister (Malta)">Chief of Staff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malta" title="Economy of Malta">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Malta" title="Central Bank of Malta">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Malta" title="Energy in Malta">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Stock_Exchange" title="Malta Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Malta" title="Taxation in Malta">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malta" title="Telecommunications in Malta">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trade_unions_in_Malta" title="Category:Trade unions in Malta">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Malta" title="Transport in Malta">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Malta" title="Category:Society of Malta">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malta" title="Demographics of Malta">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malta" title="Education in Malta">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Malta" title="Emigration from Malta">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malta" title="Healthcare in Malta">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Malta" title="Immigration to Malta">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malta" title="Languages of Malta">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_people" title="Maltese people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malta" title="Religion in Malta">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malta" title="Culture of Malta">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Malta" title="Architecture of Malta">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Carnival" title="Maltese Carnival">Carnival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malta" title="Cinema of Malta">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malta" title="Coat of arms of Malta">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_wine" title="Maltese wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malta" title="Flag of Malta">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_folklore" title="Maltese folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_literature" title="Maltese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malta" title="Music of Malta">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Malta" title="National symbols of Malta">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_in_Malta" title="Philosophy in Malta">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malta" title="Public holidays in Malta">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Malta" title="Sport in Malta">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Malta" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Malta">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malta" title="Outline of Malta">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Malta-related_articles" title="Index of Malta-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Malta" title="Category:Malta">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malta" title="Portal:Malta">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>4</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/100px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/150px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/200px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>3 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>2 (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Special areas of internal sovereignty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous region</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_convention" title="Åland convention">Åland convention</a> of 1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated area</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Treaty" title="Svalbard Treaty">Svalbard Treaty</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">country of the United Kingdom</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">British-Irish Agreement</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>1 Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li> <li>2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands" title="Island">Oceanic islands</a> within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.</li> <li>4 Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> which has sovereignty over Vatican City.</li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Europe" title="Category:Europe">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Template:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> (Spain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marginal_seas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal seas">Marginal seas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Sea" title="Balearic Sea">Balearic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Sea" title="Ligurian Sea">Ligurian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Sardinia" title="Sea of Sardinia">Sea of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Sea" title="Thracian Sea">Thracian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Member_states_of_the_European_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_main_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/80px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/120px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/160px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Potential enlargement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Former members</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_European_Economic_Area_(EEA)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Economic_Area_(EEA)" title="Template:European Economic Area (EEA)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Economic_Area_(EEA)" title="Template talk:European Economic Area (EEA)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Economic_Area_(EEA)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Economic Area (EEA)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_European_Economic_Area_(EEA)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area (EEA)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association#Membership" title="European Free Trade Association">EFTA member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iceland–European Union relations">EU relations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Liechtenstein–European Union relations">EU relations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Norway–European Union relations">EU relations</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg/80px-Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg/120px-Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg/160px-Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="610" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">EU member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area#Membership" title="European Economic Area">provisional member</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Economic_Area" title="United Kingdom membership of the European Economic Area">UK membership</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">CH–EU relations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">UK–EU relations</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Council_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Council_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Council_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Secretary General of the Council of Europe">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe">Committee of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Council_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the Council of Europe">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">Court of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Commissioner for Human Rights">Commissioner for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_for_the_Efficiency_of_Justice" title="European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice">Commission for the Efficiency of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompidou_Group" title="Pompidou Group">Pompidou Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Member states of the Council of Europe">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Armenia in the Council of Europe">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Azerbaijan in the Council of Europe">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Greece in the Council of Europe">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Council of Europe–European Union relations">EU relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia (1991–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Russia in the Council of Europe">Russia (1996–2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate" title="Saar Protectorate">Saar (assoc. 1950–1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_(OSCE)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:OSCE" title="Template:OSCE"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:OSCE" title="Template talk:OSCE"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:OSCE" title="Special:EditPage/Template:OSCE"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_(OSCE)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partners for Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies and posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Conciliation_and_Arbitration" title="Court of Conciliation and Arbitration">Court of Conciliation and Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Democratic_Institutions_and_Human_Rights" title="Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights">Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_on_National_Minorities" title="High Commissioner on National Minorities">Commissioner on National Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Representative_on_Freedom_of_the_Media" title="OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media">Representative on Freedom of the Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_Point_for_Roma_and_Sinti_Issues" title="Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues">Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Minsk_Group" title="OSCE Minsk Group">OSCE Minsk Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93OSCE_relations" title="Armenia–OSCE relations">Armenia–OSCE relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93OSCE_relations" title="Azerbaijan–OSCE relations">Azerbaijan–OSCE relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Italy_to_OSCE" title="List of ambassadors of Italy to OSCE">List of ambassadors of Italy to OSCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomats_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_the_OSCE" title="List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to the OSCE">List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to the OSCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mission_to_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" title="United States Mission to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe">United States Mission to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active field missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Presence_in_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Presence in Albania (page does not exist)">Presence in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Mission_in_Kosovo" title="OSCE Mission in Kosovo">Mission in Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Montenegro (page does not exist)">Mission to Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Moldova (page does not exist)">Mission to Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Serbia (page does not exist)">Mission to Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Skopje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Skopje (page does not exist)">Mission to Skopje</a></li> <li>Centre in Ashgabat</li> <li>Programme Office in Astana</li> <li>Programme Office in Bishkek</li> <li>Programme Office in Dushanbe</li> <li>Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan</li> <li>Personal Representative of the Chairperson-in-Office on the Conflict Dealt with by the OSCE Minsk Conference</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former field missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Needs_Assessment_Team_in_Armenia" title="OSCE Needs Assessment Team in Armenia">Needs Assessment Team in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Mission_to_Croatia" title="OSCE Mission to Croatia">Mission to Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Verification_Mission" title="Kosovo Verification Mission">Kosovo Verification Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Security_Initiative" title="Community Security Initiative">Community Security Initiative in Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine" title="OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine">Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Commonwealth" title="Template talk:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a> (members)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries">Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120975364">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147680224">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1207170/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJv8HhRJ6rrVCf3FJjkMT3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4037257-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79145770">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12210949t">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119450555">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12210949t">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119450555">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567498">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129942&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451015">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/8019821">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000237449&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=8075">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB202014145">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/jgvxwqd22lv1ccz">Sweden</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/22704">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557257105171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981059250946406706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/malta">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malta&oldid=1258990098">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malta&oldid=1258990098</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Malta" title="Category:Malta">Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Collective_recipients_of_the_George_Cross" title="Category:Collective recipients of the George Cross">Collective recipients of the George Cross</a></li><li><a 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[\"CITEREFFrancesco_Balbi_di_Correggio_1568_translated_Ernle_Bradford2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGalea2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanado2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodwin2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHardman1909\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolland2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKevin_Schembri_Orland2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLesley2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinHanscomMurthyGalli2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLtd2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLtd2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuttrell1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagri2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagri2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalta\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMannionVogiatzakis2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin,_Robert_Montgomery1843\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcManamon2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMedina2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMifsud\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMottershead,_DerekPearson,_AlastairSchaefer,_Martin2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Statistics_Office2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNiaz2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOwen1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPace2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaggioGatt2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParkerThierij2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul_Williams2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeregin,_Christian2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetroni2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPiccoloDarvill2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPickles1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRudolfBerg2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSammut,_MichaelSavona-Ventura,_Charles1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSansone2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchiavone2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSciberras\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheehan2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShosenberg2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimons2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkeates2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith,_William1872\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStagno-Navarra,_Karl2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSultana1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTerterov2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTerterovReuvid2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTitterton,_G._A.2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTroll,_Christian_W.Hewer,_C.T.R.2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_Nations_Development_Programme2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVassallo1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVassallo2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVella2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeider\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolf1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Intellectual_Property_Organization2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZammit1986\"] = 1,\n [\"DIC_11\"] = 1,\n [\"Etymology\"] = 1,\n [\"Names\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 12,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 4,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bibleref\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 5,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 54,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 16,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 42,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 162,\n [\"Clarification needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Commonwealth of Nations\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 24,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Council of Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"Countries and territories bordering the Mediterranean Sea\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 3,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"European Economic Area (EEA)\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 2,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA-mt\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Increase\"] = 4,\n [\"Infobox country\"] = 1,\n [\"L\u0026S\"] = 1,\n [\"LSJ\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 23,\n [\"Lang-grc-gre\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 6,\n [\"Linktext\"] = 7,\n [\"Main\"] = 27,\n [\"Malta topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Map caption\"] = 1,\n [\"Mdash\"] = 2,\n [\"Members of the European Union (EU)\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Native name\"] = 2,\n [\"Native phrase\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 2,\n [\"Note\"] = 2,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 8,\n [\"OSCE\"] = 1,\n [\"Original research inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Page\"] = 1,\n [\"Parabr\"] = 1,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Pop density\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Ref label\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 2,\n [\"Sc\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 9,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Smallcaps\"] = 1,\n [\"Sovereign states of Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"Spaced ndash\"] = 2,\n [\"Translit\"] = 7,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 2,\n [\"Update\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 21,\n [\"Wikiatlas\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","400","17.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","340","14.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","220","9.5"],["recursiveClone 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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Malta","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malta","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q233","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q233","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-05-20T00:18:26Z","dateModified":"2024-11-22T19:40:11Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/73\/Flag_of_Malta.svg","headline":"sovereign state in Southern Europe situated on an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea"}</script> </body> </html>