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</header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Histoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Histoire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Population-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Population</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organisation_clanique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation_clanique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Organisation clanique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisation_clanique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Diaspora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_et_société" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_et_société"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Culture et société</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_et_société-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Culture et société</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_et_société-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Langue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Langue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Langue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Langue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Danses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Danses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Danses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Somalis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 60 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali%C3%ABrs" title="Somaliërs – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Somaliërs" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B6%E1%88%9B%E1%88%8C_(%E1%89%A5%E1%88%94%E1%88%AD)" title="ሶማሌ (ብሔር) – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሶማሌ (ብሔር)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="صوماليون – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صوماليون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="صوماليون – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صوماليون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Самалійцы – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Самалійцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Сомалийци – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сомалийци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="সোমালি জাতি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সোমালি জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalci" title="Somalci – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Somalci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalis" title="Somalis – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Somalis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Самалой – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Самалой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Som%C3%A1lci" title="Somálci – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Somálci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_(Ethnie)" title="Somali (Ethnie) – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Somali (Ethnie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_people" title="Somali people – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Somali people" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaloj" title="Somaloj – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Somaloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnia_somal%C3%AD" title="Etnia somalí – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Etnia somalí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliar" title="Somaliar – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Somaliar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="سومالیایی‌ها – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سومالیایی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalit" title="Somalit – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Somalit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Som%C3%A1laigh" title="Somálaigh – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Somálaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_somal%C3%AD" title="Pobo somalí – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo somalí" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="סומלים – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סומלים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalci" title="Somalci – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Somalci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szom%C3%A1liak" title="Szomáliak – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szomáliak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սոմալներ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սոմալներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Somali" title="Orang Somali – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Somali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_(gruppo_etnico)" title="Somali (gruppo etnico) – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Somali (gruppo etnico)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="ソマリ人 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソマリ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="სომალელები – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სომალელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Somali" title="Jolma Somali – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Somali" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сомалиліктер – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сомалиліктер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A7%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="소말리인 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소말리인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali" title="Somali – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Somali" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliai" title="Somaliai – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Somaliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Som%C4%81lie%C5%A1i" title="Somālieši – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Somālieši" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4maly_(vahoaka)" title="Sômaly (vahoaka) – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sômaly (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Сомалијци – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сомалијци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Somali" title="Orang Somali – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Somali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali%C3%ABrs" title="Somaliërs – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Somaliërs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliere" title="Somaliere – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Somaliere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumaalee" title="Sumaalee – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sumaalee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalowie" title="Somalowie – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Somalowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="صومالی قوم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صومالی قوم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سوماليان – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سوماليان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalis" title="Somalis – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Somalis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalezi" title="Somalezi – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Somalezi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Сомалийцы – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сомалийцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalci" title="Somalci – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Somalci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Som%C3%A1l%C4%8Dania" title="Somálčania – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Somálčania" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soomaalida" title="Soomaalida – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Soomaalida" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalez%C3%ABt" title="Somalezët – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Somalezët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Сомалци – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сомалци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalier" title="Somalier – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Somalier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasomali" title="Wasomali – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wasomali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ชาวโซมาลี – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวโซมาลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalililer" title="Somalililer – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Somalililer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Сомалі (народ) – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сомалі (народ)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="صومالی قوم – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صومالی قوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalilar" title="Somalilar – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Somalilar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%BA" title="索馬里人 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="索馬里人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="索馬利人 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="索馬利人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q241696#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Somalis" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Somalis" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Somalis"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Somalis"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Somalis" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Somalis" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&oldid=219394102" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Somalis&id=219394102&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSomalis"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSomalis"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Somalis"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Somalis&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Somalis" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q241696" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:22em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #b08261; color: #fff;"> <div>Somalis <br /> Soomaalida<br />(الصوماليون)</div> </div> <div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Somali_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Somali_map.jpg/220px-Somali_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Somali_map.jpg/330px-Somali_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Somali_map.jpg/440px-Somali_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1465" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend">Zone habitée par les Somalis</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table><caption style="background-color:#dec8ab;">Populations importantes par région</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"> <span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Somalie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Somalia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Somalie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Somalie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Somalie" title="Somalie">Somalie</a></span> </th> <td> 17 000 000<small> (2021)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"> <span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Éthiopie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Éthiopie"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Éthiopie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%89thiopie" title="Éthiopie">Éthiopie</a></span> </th> <td> 14 000 000<small> (2021)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"> <span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Yemen"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Yemen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Yémen"><img alt="Drapeau du Yémen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/20px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/30px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9men" title="Yémen">Yémen</a></span> </th> <td> 500 000<small> (2014)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"> <span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Djibouti"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de Djibouti"><img alt="Drapeau de Djibouti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/20px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/30px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/40px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></span> </th> <td> 900 000<small> (2021)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"> <span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Kenya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Kenya.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Kenya"><img alt="Drapeau du Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></span> </th> <td> 3 000 000<small> (2019)</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table><caption style="background-color:#dec8ab;">Autres</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:5em;"> Langues </th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Somali" title="Somali">Somali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabe" title="Arabe">arabe</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:5em;"> Religions </th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#b08261;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Groupe_ethnique" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>Les <b>Somalis</b> (<a href="/wiki/Somali" title="Somali">somali</a> : <i>Soomaalida</i> ; <a href="/wiki/Arabe" title="Arabe">arabe</a> الرجل الراعي) sont des habitants de la <a href="/wiki/Corne_de_l%27Afrique" title="Corne de l'Afrique">Corne de l'Afrique</a>. Ils vivent principalement en <a href="/wiki/Somalie" title="Somalie">Somalie</a>, mais également en <a href="/wiki/%C3%89thiopie" title="Éthiopie">Éthiopie</a>, au <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9men" title="Yémen">Yémen</a>, au <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> et à <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>. Il existe par ailleurs une importante <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> somalie. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'histoire des Somalis est très mal connue<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_1960_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_1960-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les habitants de la région étaient appelés <a href="/wiki/Berb%C3%A8res" title="Berbères">Berbères</a> par les géographes arabes et grecs qui nommaient cette région côtière <a href="/wiki/Barbara_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara (region)">Barbara</a>, ou <i>Bilad al-Barbar</i> (<i>Pays des Berbères</i>), pays des <i>Baribah de l'Est</i> ou <i>Barbaroi</i><sup id="cite_ref-Bagley2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bagley2-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mohamed_Diriye_Abdullahi_2001_p.13_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohamed_Diriye_Abdullahi_2001_p.13-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La première mention écrite d'un groupe aujourd'hui rattaché aux Somalis (les «Gaadsan ») remonte à un texte éthiopien du <abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle. Le mot « somali » apparaît au <abbr class="abbr" title="15ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle parmi les groupes de l'<a href="/wiki/Adal" class="mw-redirect" title="Adal">Adal</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, et en arabe au <abbr class="abbr" title="16ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Selon des analyses linguistiques, des locuteurs d'une langue qui est ensuite devenue le <a href="/wiki/Somali" title="Somali">somali</a> se seraient constitués en groupe particulier il y a environ deux mille ans. Ils seraient partis du Sud de l'Éthiopie actuelle<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et se seraient installés au Nord-Est de la péninsule. Les auteurs et l'histoire orale s'accordent en tout cas pour dire qu'ils sont descendus le long de la côte vers le <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9b%C3%A9li" title="Chébéli">Shebele</a> durant le deuxième millénaire<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_1960_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_1960-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Au cours de ces mouvements, ils s'agglutinent et assimilent les groupes qu'ils rencontrent. Ils se seraient convertis à l'Islam à partir du <abbr class="abbr" title="15ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, et massivement au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. C'est de ce processus que seraient issus les actuels Somalis. </p><p>Ce mouvement se poursuit peut-être de nos jours, puisqu'on constate que des groupes <a href="/wiki/Bantous" title="Bantous">Bantous</a> <a href="/wiki/Swahili" title="Swahili">swahilophones</a> passent encore au somali dans les années 1960<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Par ailleurs, la limite entre Somalis et <a href="/wiki/Oromos" title="Oromos">Oromos</a> évolue constamment, y compris par des passages entre les deux identités<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Population" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Population"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article connexe : <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_clans_somalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des clans somalis">Liste des clans somalis</a>.</div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg/250px-Somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg/375px-Somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg/500px-Somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1418" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption>Composition clanique (<a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>, 2002)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisation_clanique">Organisation clanique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Organisation clanique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Organisation clanique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le grand ensemble somali est divisé en trois grands groupes (<a href="/wiki/Darod" title="Darod">Darod</a>, Irir et Saab), eux-mêmes subdivisés en tribus, en clans et en sous-clans<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>On divise habituellement les Somalis en cinq ou six grandes « confédérations » : Darod, Dir, et Sab (cette dernière étant parfois divisée entre <a href="/wiki/Rahanweyn" title="Rahanweyn">Rahanweyn</a> et Digil)<sup id="cite_ref-Piguet_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piguet-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> auxquelles s'ajoutent des « groupes non somalis ». </p><p><br /> Les Sab, composé de communautés d’agriculteurs-éleveurs sédentaires, sont établis dans les terres fertiles du sud du pays, entre les fleuves <a href="/wiki/Shabele" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabele">Shabeelle</a> et <a href="/wiki/Jubba" title="Jubba">Jubba</a>. Pour Ioan M. Lewis, ce sont les Rahanweyn, divisés en Digil et Mirifle<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Des groupes d'artisans dans le Nord sont également appelés <i>sab</i>. </p><p>Selon des récits mythologiques et généalogiques, tous les Somalis seraient des descendants de Hill, père de Samaale et Sab qui seraient les ancêtres respectivement des éleveurs nomades (<i>reer nugul</i>) et des agro-pasteurs (<i>reer godeed</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Piguet_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piguet-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les Darod formeraient une troisième branche, issue directement de l'ancêtre commun, ’Aqiil Abuu Taalib<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diaspora">Diaspora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Diaspora" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Diaspora"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En Éthiopie, lors du recensement de 2007 portant sur une population totale de 73 750 932 personnes, 4 586 876 se sont déclarées « Somalie »<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Somalia_Diaspora.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Somalia_Diaspora.jpg/220px-Somalia_Diaspora.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Somalia_Diaspora.jpg/330px-Somalia_Diaspora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Somalia_Diaspora.jpg/440px-Somalia_Diaspora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1472" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption>La <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> somalie en 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>Il existe également une importante <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> somalie, notamment en <a href="/wiki/Afrique_du_Sud" title="Afrique du Sud">Afrique du Sud</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rique_du_Nord" title="Amérique du Nord">Amérique du Nord</a> et en <a href="/wiki/Australie" title="Australie">Australie</a>. </p><p>Le nombre des Somalis (différents des Somaliens qui ont la nationalité de la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Somalie" class="mw-redirect" title="République de Somalie">République de Somalie</a>) est estimé à environ 15 millions de personnes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_et_société"><span id="Culture_et_soci.C3.A9t.C3.A9"></span>Culture et société</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Culture et société" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Culture et société"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selon Lee Cassanelli<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, les éléments caractéristiques des Somalis seraient la communauté linguistique – avec des variations régionales – l’héritage islamique, un mode de vie pastoral et la revendication d’ancêtres communs. </p><p>Pour l'anthropologue <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Myrddin_Lewis" title="Ioan Myrddin Lewis">Ioan Myrddin Lewis</a>, qui a lancé les « études somalies » dans les années 1950 à partir de recherches au <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a>, les Somalis sont composés de groupes autonomes qui ne reconnaissent d'autre autorité que Dieu et ne se regroupent que provisoirement pour organiser la vie pastorale<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La base de la société serait le <a href="/wiki/Lignage" class="mw-disambig" title="Lignage">lignage</a> <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_segmentaire" title="Société segmentaire">segmentaire</a> basé sur la descendance <a href="/wiki/Patrilin%C3%A9aire" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrilinéaire">patrilinéaire</a>. Il existe un lien extrêmement fort qui unit les membres d’une famille ou d’un clan, et l’arbre généalogique est ainsi un (si ce n’est le) référent commun à tous les Somalis : l'apprentissage des lignages familiaux se fait dès le plus jeune âge<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Cette diversité n'empêchait pas la constitution d'une « <a href="/wiki/Identit%C3%A9_nationale" title="Identité nationale">identité nationale</a> » qui aurait échoué à devenir étatique<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. A contrario, dans ce cadre rigide, la société somalie n'en connaît pas moins des évolutions et de nombreuses variations. </p><p>À partir des années 1990, en partie sous la pression de la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_civile_somalienne" title="Guerre civile somalienne">guerre civile somalienne</a>, ces analyses tendent à être remplacées par des conceptions insistant sur la division de la société en classes. La création d'un État somali en 1960 aurait figé les clivages d'une société égalitariste et en constante évolution<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Langue">Langue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Langue" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Langue"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Articles détaillés : <a href="/wiki/Somali" title="Somali">somali</a> et <a href="/wiki/Buraanbur" title="Buraanbur">buraanbur</a>.</div></div> <p>Le somali est une <a href="/wiki/Langues_chamito-s%C3%A9mitiques" title="Langues chamito-sémitiques">langue chamito-sémitique</a> de la famille des <a href="/wiki/Langues_couchitiques" title="Langues couchitiques">langues couchitiques</a>. Elle est parlée par environ 16,6 millions de locuteurs, essentiellement dans la <a href="/wiki/Corne_de_l%27Afrique" title="Corne de l'Afrique">Corne de l'Afrique</a>. Avec l'<a href="/wiki/Arabe" title="Arabe">arabe</a>, le somali est une <a href="/wiki/Langue_officielle" title="Langue officielle">langue officielle</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Somalie" title="Somalie">Somalie</a> et de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89thiopie" title="Éthiopie">Éthiopie</a>. À <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, le somali a le statut de « langue nationale ». </p><p>Il existe plusieurs dialectes somalis, dont les différences pourraient être suffisamment importantes pour empêcher l'inter-compréhension<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Par ailleurs, certains groupes identifiés comme somalis parlent ou ont parlé des <a href="/wiki/Langues_bantoues" title="Langues bantoues">langues bantoues</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Aussi, les colonisations italienne, britannique, et française, ont influencé le vocabulaire des dialectes somalis en apportant divers mots nouveaux, qui n'existaient pas en langue somalie et arabe. Depuis 1960 les nouveaux mots viennent surtout (en partie) de l'arabe (surtout à partir de l'arabe dialectal du Yémen), et de l'anglais. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Danses">Danses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Danses" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Danses"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell">Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Somalis" title="Spécial:EditPage/Somalis">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lewis_1960-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_1960_1-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_1960_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Lewis (Ioan M.) [1960].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bagley2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Bagley2_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">F. R. C. Bagley et al., <i>The Last Great Muslim Empires</i> (Brill: 1997), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mohamed_Diriye_Abdullahi_2001_p.13-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Mohamed_Diriye_Abdullahi_2001_p.13_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, <i>Culture and Customs of Somalia</i>, (Greenwood Press: 2001), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">James Hastings, <i>Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 12: V. 12</i> (Kessinger Publishing, LLC: 2003), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 490.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Chekroun [2013], chap. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Cassanelli [1982], <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Lewis (Herbert S.) [1966].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Cassanelli [1982].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Cassanelli (Lee), «Social Construction of the Somali Frontier : Bantu Former Slave Communities in the Nineteeth Century”, in Kopytoff (Igor), dir., <i>The African Frontier : the Reproduction of Traditional African Society</i>, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1987, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">216-238</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Osmond (Thomas),« Jeux de pouvoir et référents identitaires. Quel statut institutionnel pour Dire Dawa ?», <i><a href="/wiki/Politique_africaine" title="Politique africaine">Politique africaine</a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 99, octobre, 2005, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">63-82</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Lewis (IM) [1961], p. 21-23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lugan2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_Lugan2013">Bernard Lugan, <cite class="italique">Les guerres d'Afrique : Des origines à nos jours</cite>, Monaco/Paris, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_du_Rocher" title="Éditions du Rocher">Editions du Rocher</a>, <time>2013</time>, 300 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-268-07531-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-268-07531-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-268-07531-0</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">269-275</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+guerres+d%27Afrique&rft.place=Monaco%2FParis&rft.pub=Editions+du+Rocher&rft.stitle=Des+origines+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.aulast=Lugan&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.date=2013&rft.pages=269-275&rft.tpages=300&rft.isbn=978-2-268-07531-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASomalis"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Piguet-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Piguet_13-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Piguet_13-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Piguet [1998].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Lewis (IM) [1961], <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">7-8</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> Lewis (IM) [1961], <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <i>Ethiopia. Population and Housing Census 2007 Report, National</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 73, téléchargeable <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/catalog/3583/download/50086">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Cassanelli [1982], <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Hoehne & Luling [2010], <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mabire2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Christophe_Mabire2003">Jean-Christophe Mabire, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Somalie, l'interminable crise</cite> », <i>Hérodote</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 111, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 4,‎ <time>2003</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">57-80</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-herodote-2003-4-page-57.htm">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Somalie%2C+l%27interminable+crise&rft.jtitle=H%C3%A9rodote&rft.issue=4&rft.aulast=Mabire&rft.aufirst=Jean-Christophe&rft.date=2003&rft.volume=111&rft.pages=57-80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ASomalis"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Laitin (David D.), Samatar (Said S.), <i>Somalia: nation in search of a state</i>. Boulder CO, Westview Press, London, Gower, 1987; Lewis (I.M.) [2002].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Hoehne & Luling [2012], <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi [2001]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Lee V. Cassanelli, « Social Construction of the Somali Frontier : Bantu Former Slave Communities in the Nineteeth Century », in Igor Kopytoff (dir.), <i>The African Frontier : the Reproduction of Traditional African Society</i>, 1987, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">216-238</span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bader (Christian), <i>Le sang et le lait : brève histoire des clans somali</i>, Maisonneuve & Larose, 1999</li> <li>Beckwith (Carol), Fisher (Angela) et Nancock (Graham), <i>Les peuples de la Corne d'Afrique</i>, Chêne, 1990 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782851086464" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782851086464"><span class="nowrap">9782851086464</span></a>)</small></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cassanelli (Lee V.), <i>The shapping of Somali Society. Reconstructing the history of a pastoral people, 1600-1900</i>, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982, 312 p.</li> <li>Chekroun (Amélie), <i>Le «Futuh al-Habasa» : écriture de l'histoire, guerre et société dans le Bar Sa'ad ad-din (Ethiopie, XVIe siècle)</i>, thèse d'histoire sous la direction de Bertrand Hirsch, université Paris I, 2013, 482 p., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01134623">voir en ligne sur TEL</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Declich (Francesca), «Dynamics of Intermingling Gender and Slavery in Somalia at the Turn of the Twentieth Century», <i>Northeast African Studies</i>, vol. 10, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 3, 2003, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">45-69</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/northeast_african_studies/toc/nas.10.3.html">voir en ligne</a></li> <li>Fulbert-Dumonteil (Jean-Camille), <i>Les Somalis. Jardin zoologique d'acclimatation de Paris, <abbr class="abbr" title="Dix-septième">17<sup>e</sup></abbr> exhibition ethnographique, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1890-08" data-sort-value="1890-08">août 1890</time></i>, Dubuisson, 1890</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Hoehne (Markus), Luling (Virginia), éd., <i>Milk and Peace, Drought and War. Somali culture, society and politics</i>, London, Hurst and Company, 2010, 437 p.</li> <li>Joint-Daguenet (Roger), <i>Histoire moderne des Somalis : les Gaulois de la Corne de l'Afrique</i>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">L'Harmattan</a>, 1994, 239 p. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782738427922" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782738427922"><span class="nowrap">9782738427922</span></a>)</small></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Kapteijns (Lidwien), «I. M. Lewis and Somali Clanship: A Critique», <i>Northeast African Studies</i>, vol. 11, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1, 2010, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">1-23</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/northeast_african_studies/toc/nas.11.1.html">voir en ligne</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, <i>Culture and Customs of Somalia</i>, Westport CT, Greenwood Publishing Group., 2001, 226 p.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Lewis (Herbert S.), «The Origins of the Galla and Somali», <i>Journal of African History</i>, vol. VII, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1, 1966, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">27-46</span></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Lewis, (Ioan M.), <i>Peoples of the Horn of Africa : Somali, Afar and Saho</i>, <a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a>, Haan Associates, 1994 (<abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> éd. 1955) <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1874209561" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1874209561"><span class="nowrap">1874209561</span></a>)</small></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Lewis (Ioan M.), «The Somali Conquest of the Horn of Africa», <i>Journal of African History</i>, vol. I, n° 2, 1960, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">213-229</span>.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Lewis (Ioan M.), <i>A Pastoral Democracy: A study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa</i>, 1961, 370 p. (rééd. 1982, 1999)</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Lewis (Ioan M.). <i>A Modern History of the Somali: nation and state in the Horn of Africa</i>, Oxford, James Currey, 2002 (<abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> éd. 1965).</li> <li>Piguet (François), <i>Des nomades entre la ville et le sable. Sédentarisation dans la Corne de l’Afrique</i>, Paris, Karthala/IUED, 1998, 444 p.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somali" title="Somali">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Somalie" title="Histoire de la Somalie">Histoire de la Somalie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9mographie_de_la_Somalie" title="Démographie de la Somalie">Démographie de la Somalie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_clans_somalis" title="Liste de clans somalis">Liste de clans somalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_groupes_ethniques_d%27Afrique" title="Liste des groupes ethniques d'Afrique">Liste des groupes ethniques d'Afrique</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somalis&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,469f2d872,469f3888b,0.html">Chronology for Somalis in Ethiopia</a> (fiche du <a href="/wiki/Haut_Commissariat_des_Nations_unies_pour_les_r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s" title="Haut Commissariat des Nations unies pour les réfugiés">Haut Commissariat des Nations unies pour les réfugiés</a>, 2004)</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,469f2d872,469f38af1e,0.html">Chronology for Somalis in Kenya</a> (fiche du HCR, 2004)</li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241696?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier 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