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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%8C_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="جورج فيليرز، إيرل كلارندون الرابع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورج فيليرز، إيرل كلارندون الرابع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Villiers,_4._hrab%C4%9B_z_Clarendonu" title="George Villiers, 4. hrabě z Clarendonu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="George Villiers, 4. hrabě z Clarendonu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Villiers,_4._Earl_of_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 4. Earl of Clarendon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="George Villiers, 4. Earl of Clarendon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Villiers,_neljas_Clarendoni_krahv" title="George Villiers, neljas Clarendoni krahv – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="George Villiers, neljas Clarendoni krahv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Villiers_(4e_comte_de_Clarendon)" title="George Villiers (4e comte de Clarendon) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="George Villiers (4e comte de Clarendon)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Villiers,_IV_conte_di_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, IV conte di Clarendon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="George Villiers, IV conte di Clarendon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="جورج فيليرز ايرل كلارندون الرابع – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورج فيليرز ايرل كلارندون الرابع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA_(%E7%AC%AC4%E4%BB%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5)" title="ジョージ・ヴィリアーズ (第4代クラレンドン伯爵) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョージ・ヴィリアーズ (第4代クラレンドン伯爵)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Villiers_(4._hrabia_Clarendon)" title="George Villiers (4. hrabia Clarendon) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="George Villiers (4. hrabia Clarendon)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Villiers,_4.%C2%BA_Conde_de_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 4.º Conde de Clarendon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="George Villiers, 4.º Conde de Clarendon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6,_4-%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вильерс, Джордж, 4-й граф Кларендон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вильерс, Джордж, 4-й граф Кларендон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Villiers,_4:e_earl_av_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 4:e earl av Clarendon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="George Villiers, 4:e earl av Clarendon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%A6%E7%99%BB%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="第四代克拉伦登伯爵乔治·维利尔斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第四代克拉伦登伯爵乔治·维利尔斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q335305#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British diplomat and statesman (1800–1870)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Earl of Clarendon</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_St_Patrick" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of St Patrick">KP</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath">GCB</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.jpg/220px-George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.jpg/330px-George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.jpg/440px-George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="918" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">The 4th Earl of Clarendon, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1860s</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 February 1853 – 26 February 1858</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">The Earl of Aberdeen</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">The Viscount Palmerston</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Lord John Russell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">The Earl of Malmesbury</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 November 1865 – 6 July 1866</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord John Russell">The Earl Russell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord John Russell">The Earl Russell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Lord Stanley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />9 December 1868 – 27 June 1870</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Lord Stanley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">The Earl Granville</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />31 October 1840 – 23 June 1841</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">The Viscount Melbourne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Vassall-Fox,_3rd_Baron_Holland" title="Henry Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland">The Lord Holland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Grey,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet">Sir George Grey</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 April 1864 – 3 November 1865</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">The Viscount Palmerston</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">The Earl Russell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cardwell,_1st_Viscount_Cardwell" title="Edward Cardwell, 1st Viscount Cardwell">Edward Cardwell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Goschen,_1st_Viscount_Goschen" title="George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen">George Goschen</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Ireland">Lord Lieutenant of Ireland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 May 1847 – 1 March 1852</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Lord John Russell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Ponsonby,_4th_Earl_of_Bessborough" title="John Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough">The Earl of Bessborough</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Montgomerie,_13th_Earl_of_Eglinton" title="Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton">The Earl of Eglinton</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="President of the Board of Trade">President of the Board of Trade</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 July 1846 – 22 July 1847</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Lord John Russell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Broun-Ramsay,_1st_Marquess_of_Dalhousie" title="James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie">The Marquess of Dalhousie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Labouchere,_1st_Baron_Taunton" title="Henry Labouchere, 1st Baron Taunton">Henry Labouchere</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 January 1840 – 30 August 1841</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">The Viscount Melbourne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Ponsonby,_4th_Earl_of_Bessborough" title="John Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough">The Earl of Bessborough</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville,_2nd_Duke_of_Buckingham_and_Chandos" title="Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos">The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">12 January 1800<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1800-01-12</span>)</span><br />London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 June 1870<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend dday deathdate">1870-06-28</span>)</span> (aged 70)<br />London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Lady Katherine Grimston</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1839)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Villiers_(1759%E2%80%931827)" title="George Villiers (1759–1827)">George Villiers</a><br />Theresa Parker</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College, Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Villiers_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/George_Villiers_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon_signature.svg/128px-George_Villiers_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/George_Villiers_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon_signature.svg/192px-George_Villiers_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/George_Villiers_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon_signature.svg/256px-George_Villiers_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shield_of_arms_of_George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon,_KG,_GCB,_PC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Shield_of_arms_of_George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon%2C_KG%2C_GCB%2C_PC.png/220px-Shield_of_arms_of_George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon%2C_KG%2C_GCB%2C_PC.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Shield_of_arms_of_George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon%2C_KG%2C_GCB%2C_PC.png/330px-Shield_of_arms_of_George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon%2C_KG%2C_GCB%2C_PC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Shield_of_arms_of_George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon%2C_KG%2C_GCB%2C_PC.png/440px-Shield_of_arms_of_George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon%2C_KG%2C_GCB%2C_PC.png 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1158" /></a><figcaption>Quartered arms of George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, KG, GCB, PC</figcaption></figure> <p><b>George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon</b> (12 January 1800 – 27 June 1870) was an English diplomat and statesman from the <a href="/wiki/Villiers_family" title="Villiers family">Villiers family</a>. He served a succession of <a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> administrations. This included as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Ireland">Viceroy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">famine-stricken Ireland</a> and, on the first of three occasions as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Foreign Secretary</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a>'s chief representative at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Paris_(1856)" title="Congress of Paris (1856)">Congress of Paris</a> which ended the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_education">Background and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Villiers was born in London to <a href="/wiki/George_Villiers_(1759%E2%80%931827)" title="George Villiers (1759–1827)">Hon. George Villiers</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MP</a></span></span> and Hon. Theresa Parker, daughter of <a href="/wiki/John_Parker,_1st_Baron_Boringdon" title="John Parker, 1st Baron Boringdon">John Parker, 1st Baron Boringdon</a>. He was the second born, but first surviving, of their 10 children. His father was the third son of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Villiers,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon">Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon</a> (himself the second son of <a href="/wiki/William_Villiers,_2nd_Earl_of_Jersey" title="William Villiers, 2nd Earl of Jersey">William Villiers, 2nd Earl of Jersey</a>). After the death of his father in 1827, George became heir to the earldom, succeeding his uncle <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Villiers,_2nd_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Thomas Villiers, 2nd Earl of Clarendon">Thomas Villiers, 2nd Earl of Clarendon</a> (1753–1824), who died unmarried; and his uncle <a href="/wiki/John_Villiers,_3rd_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="John Villiers, 3rd Earl of Clarendon">John Villiers, 3rd Earl of Clarendon</a> (1757–1838), who died without an heir.<sup id="cite_ref-burke_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burke-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Villiers was educated at <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_Hospital" title="Christ's Hospital">Christ's Hospital</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College, Cambridge</a>, which he entered at the early age of sixteen, on 29 June 1816.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1820, as the eldest son of an earl's brother of royal descent, he was able to take his <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Oxford,_Cambridge,_and_Dublin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)">MA degree</a> under the statutes of the university then in force.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the same year, Villiers was appointed attaché to the British embassy at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>. There he remained three years, and gained practical knowledge of diplomacy which would be of use to him later in his life. The <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i> stated that he had "received from nature a singularly handsome person, a polished and engaging address, a ready command of languages, and a remarkable power of composition".<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon his return to England in 1823, he was appointed to a commissionership of customs, an office which he retained for about ten years. In 1831, he was dispatched to France in a fruitless attempt to negotiate a commercial treaty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_in_Spain">Minister in Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Minister in Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 16 August 1833, he was appointed minister at the Court of Spain. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII</a> died within a month of his arrival at <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, and the infant Queen <a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabella</a>, then two years old, was placed on the throne based on the old Spanish custom of female inheritance – but her succession was challenged by <a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos,_Count_of_Molina" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Carlos, Count of Molina">Don Carlos</a>, the late King's brother, by virtue of the <a href="/wiki/Salic_law" title="Salic law">Salic law</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> which Ferdinand had renounced before the birth of his daughter. Isabella II and her mother the Queen Regent <a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies">Christina</a> became the representatives of constitutional monarchy, Don Carlos of Catholic absolutism. The conflict, which had divided the despotic and the constitutional powers of Europe since the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">French Revolution of 1830</a>, broke out into civil war in Spain, and by the <a href="/wiki/Quadruple_Alliance_(1834)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadruple Alliance (1834)">Quadruple Treaty</a>, signed on 22 April 1834, France and England pledged themselves to the defence of the constitutional thrones of Spain and Portugal. For six years, on behalf of the British government, Villiers continued to aid the <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberal</a> government of Spain. He was unjustly accused of having supported the revolution of La Granja, which drove Christina, the Queen Mother, out of the kingdom, and raised <a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Espartero,_Prince_of_Vergara" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara">Espartero</a> to the regency. He undoubtedly supported the chiefs of the Liberal party, such as Espartero, against the intrigues of the French court; but the object of the British government was to establish Isabella as Queen on a truly national and liberal basis and to protect her against the foreign influence which eventually undermined her regime.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slavery had been declared illegal in Spanish colonies from 1820, but still had not been eradicated. Villiers worked with the help of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> correspondent <a href="/wiki/David_Turnbull_(abolitionist)" title="David Turnbull (abolitionist)">David Turnbull</a> to get slavery removed from Spanish colonies. In 1835 the Spanish reaffirmed their commitment to end slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Succession_to_the_Earldom,_Offices_of_State_in_Britain"><span id="Succession_to_the_Earldom.2C_Offices_of_State_in_Britain"></span>Succession to the Earldom, Offices of State in Britain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Succession to the Earldom, Offices of State in Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Villiers received <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">the Grand Cross of the Bath</a> in 1838 in acknowledgment of his services in Spain, and succeeded, on the death of his uncle, to the title of Earl of Clarendon; in the following year, having left Madrid, he married a young widow, Lady Katharine Foster-Barham (<i>née</i> Grimston), eldest daughter of <a href="/wiki/James_Grimston,_1st_Earl_of_Verulam" title="James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam">James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1840 he entered <a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Lord Melbourne's</a> <a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig</a> administration as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a>, and from the death of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Richard_Vassall-Fox,_3rd_Baron_Holland" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Richard Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland">Lord Holland</a> that autumn he also held the office of <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a> until the end of the ministry in 1841. Clarendon and Holland believed that friendly Anglo-French relations were important to promote peace and liberalism in Europe. He reluctantly supported Foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Lord Palmerston</a>'s expulsion of the pro-French <a href="/wiki/Mehemet_Ali_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehemet Ali (Egypt)">Mohammed Ali</a> of Egypt from Syria but did not resign as it might break up a cabinet he had so recently joined.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lords_Cowley_and_Clarendon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lords_Cowley_and_Clarendon.JPG/220px-Lords_Cowley_and_Clarendon.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lords_Cowley_and_Clarendon.JPG/330px-Lords_Cowley_and_Clarendon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lords_Cowley_and_Clarendon.JPG/440px-Lords_Cowley_and_Clarendon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1299" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>Clarendon with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wellesley,_1st_Baron_Cowley" title="Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley">Lord Cowley</a> (left)</figcaption></figure> <p>During Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Robert Peel</a>'s Conservative administration (1841–1846) Lord Clarendon took a strong interest in the triumph of <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> and in the repeal of the <a href="/wiki/Corn_Laws" title="Corn Laws">Corn Laws</a>, a policy of which his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pelham_Villiers" title="Charles Pelham Villiers">Charles Pelham Villiers</a> had been one of the earliest champions. Clarendon accepted the office of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="President of the Board of Trade">President of the Board of Trade</a> in <a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Lord John Russell's</a> first administration in 1846. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland">Lord Lieutenant of Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lord Lieutenant of Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clarendon was twice offered the Governor-Generalship of India, and once the Governor-Generalship of Canada, but he declined as it would have meant leaving British and European politics for some years. </p><p>In 1847, Clarendon was persuaded to accept the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Ireland">Lord Lieutenancy of Ireland</a>, which the Cabinet wanted to abolish and transform into an Irish secretaryship of state. He arrived during the second year of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Great Famine</a>. His reports on the scale of the crisis were regularly discounted by a government that deferred to the permanent head of the <a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">Treasury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Trevelyan,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Trevelyan, 1st Baronet">Sir Charles Trevelyan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despairing of effective famine relief, Clarendon suggested to Russell, that "there is not another legislature in Europe that would disregard such suffering as now exists in the west of Ireland, or coldly persist in a policy of extermination".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lord Russell replied: “The course of English benevolence is frozen by insult, calumny and rebellion". In London there was consternation over Irish agitation for <a href="/wiki/Repeal_Association" title="Repeal Association">repeal of the Act of Union</a>, reports of <a href="/wiki/Ribbonism" title="Ribbonism">violence directed against landlords</a> and the attempted <a href="/wiki/Young_Ireland_rebellion" title="Young Ireland rebellion">rising by the Young Irelanders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While he was to commute the sentences of the Young Ireland conspirators from hanging to life transportation, Clarendon did take stringent security measures, proclaiming <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> in large parts of the country and persuading <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Westminster</a> to suspend <a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">Habeas Corpus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, he continued to plead what he saw as Ireland's case. </p><p>In the hope of garnering greater English sympathy, in 1849 he hosted <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> in Ireland. Her visit was deemed a "great popular success".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But it appeared to make no impression on Irish policy. Trevelyan, a student of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Malthus" title="Thomas Robert Malthus">Thomas Malthus</a>, insisted that Ireland be "left to the operation of natural causes"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (and was fearful that borrowing to finance relief efforts in Ireland might panic the markets.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He attempted a policy of conciliation with the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Ireland" title="Catholic Church in Ireland">Roman Catholic Church in Ireland</a>. In 1849, he sided with Catholic bishops in their objections to a non-denominational ("godless") scheme for higher education, and when an official inquiry failed to indict the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Order" title="Orange Order">Orange Order</a> for the death of 20 Catholics in the <a href="/wiki/Dolly%27s_Brae_conflict" title="Dolly's Brae conflict">Dolly's Brae affray</a>, he dismissed the magistrate concerned, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jocelyn,_3rd_Earl_of_Roden" title="Robert Jocelyn, 3rd Earl of Roden">Lord Roden</a>, and helped bring in the <a href="/wiki/Party_Processions_Act_1850" title="Party Processions Act 1850">Party Processions Act (1850)</a> to curtail the Protestant association.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Orangemen accused Clarendon of double-dealing, having previously supplied them with arms. The claim was publicly upheld by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Butt" title="Isaac Butt">Isaac Butt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a>, a former Orangeman whom the famine had converted to the cause of Irish self-government. When he returned to England following the fall of the Russell ministry in February 1852, "he was distrusted by all sides in Ireland".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_Secretary">Foreign Secretary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Foreign Secretary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_passport_1857_signed_by_George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Military_passport_1857_signed_by_George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.jpg/200px-Military_passport_1857_signed_by_George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Military_passport_1857_signed_by_George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.jpg/300px-Military_passport_1857_signed_by_George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Military_passport_1857_signed_by_George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.jpg/400px-Military_passport_1857_signed_by_George_Villiers%2C_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1399" /></a><figcaption>Signed Clarendon Military Passport 1857</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite what he accounted as "failure" in Ireland, Clarendon continued to enjoy official favour.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His services were expressly acknowledged in the Queen's Speech to both Houses of Parliament in September 1848 - this being the first time that any civil servant obtained that honour; and he was made a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Knight of the Garter</a> (retaining also the Grand Cross of the Bath by special order) on 23 March 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1853, Clarendon succeeded <a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord John Russell">Lord John Russell</a> as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Foreign Secretary</a> in <a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">Lord Aberdeen</a>'s coalition ministry of <a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whigs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peelite" title="Peelite">Peelites</a>, which had been formed the previous December. The country was already "drifting" into the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, an expression of Clarendon's which became notorious. Clarendon was not responsible for starting the war, but he supported it and maintained close relations with the French Emperor <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon III of France">Napoleon III</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_de_Montijo" title="Eugénie de Montijo">Empress Eugenie</a>, whom he had known in Spain from her childhood. The Tsar <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I</a> had not believed that France and Britain could cooperate successfully against Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Crimean War ended in 1856 Lord Clarendon was first British plenipotentiary at the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1856)" title="Treaty of Paris (1856)">Congress of Paris</a> convened to negotiate a peace treaty, the first time since <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Lord Castlereagh</a>'s attendance at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> that a British Foreign Secretary had personally attended such a conference. Clarendon's first priority was to ensure that <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Piedmont-Sardinia</a> was admitted to the conference as an Allied power, but that Prussia, which had remained neutral, should be excluded. Clarendon ensured that the Allies insisted on neutralising the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and that the Russian attempt to retain <a href="/wiki/South_Bessarabia" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bessarabia">South Bessarabia</a> was defeated. The congress was eager to turn to other subjects, and perhaps its most important achievement was the celebrated <a href="/w/index.php?title=Declaration_of_the_Maritime_Powers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declaration of the Maritime Powers (page does not exist)">Declaration of the Maritime Powers</a>, which abolished privateering, defined the right of blockade, and limited the right of capture to enemy property in enemy ships. Clarendon has been accused of abandoning Britain's belligerent rights, which were based on the old maritime laws of Europe. But he acted with the agreement of the British Cabinet, which felt that it was not to Britain's benefit keep to customs which exposed Britain's vast merchant fleet to attack, even by the cruisers of a secondary maritime power, and which, if vigorously enforced against neutrals, would embroil Britain with every maritime state in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Lord Palmerston formed a Liberal government in 1859, <a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord John Russell">Lord John Russell</a> only agreed to serve if given the Foreign Office, leaving no suitably senior job for Clarendon. From 1861 to 1864, he chaired the <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Commission" title="Clarendon Commission">Clarendon Commission</a> investigating the state of nine leading schools in England. Clarendon re-entered the cabinet in May 1864 as <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a>. He served as Foreign Secretary a second time in Russell's second government (1865-66), and for a third time in the early years of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="Foreign policy of William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone's</a> government formed in 1868. He died surrounded by the boxes and papers of his office on 27 June 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_issue">Marriage and issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marriage and issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.png/200px-4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/4th_Earl_of_Clarendon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Pellegrini_(caricaturist)" title="Carlo Pellegrini (caricaturist)">Carlo Pellegrini</a>, 1869</figcaption></figure> <p>On 4 June 1839, Villiers married the widowed Lady Katherine Foster-Barham (a daughter of <a href="/wiki/James_Grimston,_1st_Earl_of_Verulam" title="James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam">James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam</a>) and they had eight children:<sup id="cite_ref-burke_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burke-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Lady Constance Villiers (1840–1922), married <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Stanley,_16th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby">Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby</a></li> <li>Lady Alice Villiers (1841–1897), married <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bootle-Wilbraham,_1st_Earl_of_Lathom" title="Edward Bootle-Wilbraham, 1st Earl of Lathom">Edward Bootle-Wilbraham, 1st Earl of Lathom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Russell,_Baroness_Ampthill" title="Emily Russell, Baroness Ampthill">Lady Emily Theresa</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1843–1927), married <a href="/wiki/Odo_Russell,_1st_Baron_Ampthill" title="Odo Russell, 1st Baron Ampthill">Odo Russell, 1st Baron Ampthill</a></li> <li>Edward Hyde, Lord Hyde (30 January 1845 – 26 February 1846), died young</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Villiers,_5th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Villiers, 5th Earl of Clarendon">Edward Villiers, 5th Earl of Clarendon</a> (1846–1914)</li> <li>Hon. George Patrick Hyde (27 September 1847 – 10 January 1892), married Louisa Maria Maquay, daughter of George Disney Maquay, on 9 October 1884</li> <li>Lady Florence Margaret Villiers (21 September 1850 – 25 August 1851), died in infancy</li> <li>Hon. <a href="/wiki/Francis_Hyde_Villiers" title="Francis Hyde Villiers">Sir Francis Hyde Villiers</a> (1852–1925), married Virginia Katharine Smith, daughter of Eric Carrington Smith and Mary Maberly, on 28 June 1876</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-burke-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-burke_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-burke_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="Burke" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mosley_(genealogist)" title="Charles Mosley (genealogist)">Mosley, Charles</a>, ed. (2003). <i><a href="/wiki/Burke%27s_Peerage" title="Burke's Peerage">Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood</a></i> (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. pp. <span class="nowrap">802–</span>803. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9711966-2-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9711966-2-1"><bdi>0-9711966-2-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Burke%27s+Peerage%2C+Baronetage+%26+Knighthood&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E802-%3C%2Fspan%3E803&rft.edition=107&rft.pub=Burke%27s+Peerage+%26+Gentry&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-9711966-2-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Villiers%2C+4th+Earl+of+Clarendon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFACADVLRS816GW" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=VLRS816GW&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">"Villers, George William Frederick (VLRS816GW)"</a>. <i>A Cambridge Alumni Database</i>. University of Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Villers%2C+George+William+Frederick+%28VLRS816GW%29&rft.btitle=A+Cambridge+Alumni+Database&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvenn.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearch-2018.pl%3Fsur%3D%26suro%3Dw%26fir%3D%26firo%3Dc%26cit%3D%26cito%3Dc%26c%3Dall%26z%3Dall%26tex%3DVLRS816GW%26sye%3D%26eye%3D%26col%3Dall%26maxcount%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Villiers%2C+4th+Earl+of+Clarendon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Clarendon,_George_William_Frederick_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Clarendon, George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of">Clarendon, George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">434–</span>435.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Clarendon%2C+George+William+Frederick+Villiers%2C+4th+Earl+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E434-%3C%2Fspan%3E435&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Villiers%2C+4th+Earl+of+Clarendon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manuel Llorca-Jaña, 'Turnbull, David (1793?–1851)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Oct 2009 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/98426,">accessed 1 Aug 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodham-Smith1991" class="citation book cs1">Woodham-Smith, Cecil (1991). <i>The Great Hunger, Ireland 1845-1849</i>. London: Penguin. pp. 374, <span class="nowrap">380–</span>381. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780140145151" title="Special:BookSources/9780140145151"><bdi>9780140145151</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Hunger%2C+Ireland+1845-1849&rft.place=London&rft.pages=374%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E380-%3C%2Fspan%3E381&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780140145151&rft.aulast=Woodham-Smith&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Villiers%2C+4th+Earl+of+Clarendon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarbutt2015" class="citation web cs1">Garbutt, Nick (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scopeni.nicva.org/article/other-villiers-ireland-famine-internment-rebellion">"The other Villiers in Ireland: famine, internment, rebellion"</a>. <i>Scope (NI)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scope+%28NI%29&rft.atitle=The+other+Villiers+in+Ireland%3A+famine%2C+internment%2C+rebellion&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Garbutt&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscopeni.nicva.org%2Farticle%2Fother-villiers-ireland-famine-internment-rebellion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Villiers%2C+4th+Earl+of+Clarendon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHourican2009" class="citation web cs1">Hourican, Bridget (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/villiers-george-william-frederick-a8819">"Villiers, George William Frederick | Dictionary of Irish Biography"</a>. <i>www.dib.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dib.ie&rft.atitle=Villiers%2C+George+William+Frederick+%7C+Dictionary+of+Irish+Biography&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Hourican&rft.aufirst=Bridget&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dib.ie%2Fbiography%2Fvilliers-george-william-frederick-a8819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Villiers%2C+4th+Earl+of+Clarendon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoughlin2002" class="citation journal cs1">Loughlin, James (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24427468">"Allegiance and Illusion: Queen Victoria's Irish Visit of 1849"</a>. <i>History</i>. <b>87</b> (288): <span class="nowrap">491–</span>513. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-2648">0018-2648</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History&rft.atitle=Allegiance+and+Illusion%3A+Queen+Victoria%27s+Irish+Visit+of+1849&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=288&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E491-%3C%2Fspan%3E513&rft.date=2002&rft.issn=0018-2648&rft.aulast=Loughlin&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24427468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Villiers%2C+4th+Earl+of+Clarendon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRead2016" class="citation journal cs1">Read, Charles (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43910575">"Laissez-faire, the Irish famine, and British financial crisis"</a>. <i>The Economic History Review</i>. <b>69</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">411–</span>434. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0117">0013-0117</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+History+Review&rft.atitle=Laissez-faire%2C+the+Irish+famine%2C+and+British+financial+crisis&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E411-%3C%2Fspan%3E434&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=0013-0117&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43910575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Villiers%2C+4th+Earl+of+Clarendon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw178556/Emily-Theresa-ne-Villiers-Lady-Ampthill?LinkID=mp100430&role=sit&rNo=0">"Emily Theresa (née Villiers), Lady Ampthill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emily+Theresa+%28n%C3%A9e+Villiers%29%2C+Lady+Ampthill&rft.pub=National+Portrait+Gallery%2C+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npg.org.uk%2Fcollections%2Fsearch%2Fportrait%2Fmw178556%2FEmily-Theresa-ne-Villiers-Lady-Ampthill%3FLinkID%3Dmp100430%26role%3Dsit%26rNo%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Villiers%2C+4th+Earl+of+Clarendon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1899" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hamilton, John Andrew (1899). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Villiers, George William Frederick"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Villiers,_George_William_Frederick">"Villiers, George William Frederick" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lee" title="Sidney Lee">Lee, Sidney</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. Vol. 58. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. <span class="nowrap">347–</span>350.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Villiers%2C+George+William+Frederick&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E347-%3C%2Fspan%3E350&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=John+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Villiers%2C+4th+Earl+of+Clarendon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>David Steele. "Villiers, George William Frederick, fourth earl of Clarendon" <i>Dictionary of National Biography</i> (2009) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F28297">10.1093/ref:odnb/28297</a></li> <li>Cecil, Algernon. <i>British Foreign Secretaries 1807-1916</i> (1927) pp 220–255. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bristishforeigns0000unse">online</a></li> <li>Sir Herbert Eustace Maxwell: <i>The Life and letters of George William Frederick 4. Earl of Clarendon</i>. London: Arnold, 1913. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%22The%20Life%20and%20letters%20of%20George%20William%20Frederick%20%22">online</a></li> <li>George Villiers Clarendon: <i>First report on the commercial relations between France and Great Britain, addressed to ... the lords of the committee of privy council for trade and plantations: with a supplementary report, by John Bowring</i>. London, 1834</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon">George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28George+Villiers%2C+4th+Earl+of+Clarendon%29%20OR%20%28%221800-1870%22%20AND%20Clarendon%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a></i> 1803–2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-george-villiers-1">contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Clarendon</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Ponsonby,_4th_Earl_of_Bessborough" class="mw-redirect" title="John William Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough">Viscount Duncannon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a> </b><br />1840–1841 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville,_2nd_Duke_of_Buckingham_and_Chandos" title="Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos">The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Richard_Vassall-Fox,_3rd_Baron_Holland" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Richard Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland">The Lord Holland</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a> </b><br />1840–1841 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Grey,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet">Sir George Grey</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="President of the Board of Trade">President of the Board of Trade</a> </b><br />1846–1847 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Labouchere,_1st_Baron_Taunton" title="Henry Labouchere, 1st Baron Taunton">Henry Labouchere</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Ponsonby,_4th_Earl_of_Bessborough" class="mw-redirect" title="John William Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough">The Earl of Bessborough</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Ireland">Lord Lieutenant of Ireland</a> </b><br />1847–1852 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_William_Montgomerie,_13th_Earl_of_Eglinton" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald William Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton">The Earl of Eglinton</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Lord John Russell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Foreign Secretary</a> </b><br />1853–1858 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Howard_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" class="mw-redirect" title="James Howard Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">The Earl of Malmesbury</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cardwell,_1st_Viscount_Cardwell_of_Ellerbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Cardwell, 1st Viscount Cardwell of Ellerbeck">Edward Cardwell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a> </b><br />1864–1865 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Joachim_Goschen" class="mw-redirect" title="George Joachim Goschen">George Joachim Goschen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">The Earl Russell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Foreign Secretary</a> </b><br />1865–1866 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Lord Stanley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Lord Stanley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Foreign Secretary</a> </b><br />1868–1870 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Granville_George_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" class="mw-redirect" title="Granville George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">The Earl Granville</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Great_Britain" title="Peerage of Great Britain">Peerage of Great Britain</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Villiers,_3rd_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="John Villiers, 3rd Earl of Clarendon">John Villiers</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Earl of Clarendon">Earl of Clarendon</a> </b><br /><i>2nd creation</i><br />1838–1870 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Villiers,_5th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Villiers, 5th Earl of Clarendon">Edward Villiers</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary_(United_Kingdom)" title="Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)">Foreign secretaries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robinson,_2nd_Baron_Grantham" title="Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham">Grantham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nugent-Temple-Grenville,_1st_Marquess_of_Buckingham" title="George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Osborne,_5th_Duke_of_Leeds" title="Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Hawkesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_1st_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby">Harrowby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Phipps,_1st_Earl_of_Mulgrave" title="Henry Phipps, 1st Earl of Mulgrave">Mulgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Howick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bathurst,_3rd_Earl_Bathurst" title="Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst">Bathurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Castlereagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ward,_1st_Earl_of_Dudley" title="John Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Stanley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Iddesleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Grey,_1st_Viscount_Grey_of_Fallodon" title="Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Isaacs,_1st_Marquess_of_Reading" title="Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoare,_1st_Viscount_Templewood" title="Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood">Hoare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bevin" title="Ernest Bevin">Bevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gordon_Walker" title="Patrick Gordon Walker">Gordon Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign and <br />commonwealth affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Crosland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pym" title="Francis Pym">Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hurd" title="Douglas Hurd">Hurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Rifkind" title="Malcolm Rifkind">Rifkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Miliband" title="David Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Raab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign, commonwealth and<br /> development affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Raab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">Cleverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lammy" title="David Lammy">Lammy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_Secretaries_of_State" title="Category:British Secretaries of State">Category:British Secretaries of State</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">Portal:United Kingdom</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Board_of_Trade68" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="Template:Presidents of the Board of Trade"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Board of Trade"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Board of Trade"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Board_of_Trade68" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="President of the Board of Trade">Presidents of the Board of Trade</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley_Cooper,_1st_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury">Shaftesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Egerton,_3rd_Earl_of_Bridgewater" title="John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater">Bridgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Grey,_2nd_Earl_of_Stamford" title="Thomas Grey, 2nd Earl of Stamford">Stamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Thynne,_1st_Viscount_Weymouth" title="Thomas Thynne, 1st Viscount Weymouth">Weymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Grey,_2nd_Earl_of_Stamford" title="Thomas Grey, 2nd Earl of Stamford">Stamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Finch,_4th_Earl_of_Winchilsea" title="Charles Finch, 4th Earl of Winchilsea">Winchilsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_North,_2nd_Baron_Guilford" title="Francis North, 2nd Baron Guilford">Guilford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Berkeley,_4th_Baron_Berkeley_of_Stratton" title="William Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley of Stratton">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Howard,_6th_Earl_of_Suffolk" title="Henry Howard, 6th Earl of Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Darcy,_3rd_Earl_of_Holderness" title="Robert Darcy, 3rd Earl of Holderness">Holderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mildmay,_1st_Earl_FitzWalter" title="Benjamin Mildmay, 1st Earl FitzWalter">FitzWalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Monson,_1st_Baron_Monson" title="John Monson, 1st Baron Monson">Monson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Montagu-Dunk,_2nd_Earl_of_Halifax" title="George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sandys,_1st_Baron_Sandys" title="Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys">Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townshend" title="Charles Townshend">Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wills_Hill,_1st_Marquess_of_Downshire" title="Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire">Hillsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_2nd_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth">Dartmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wills_Hill,_1st_Marquess_of_Downshire" title="Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire">Hillsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nugent,_1st_Earl_Nugent" title="Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent">Nugent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wills_Hill,_1st_Marquess_of_Downshire" title="Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire">Hillsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_2nd_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth">Dartmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Germain,_1st_Viscount_Sackville" title="George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville">Sackville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Howard,_5th_Earl_of_Carlisle" title="Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robinson,_2nd_Baron_Grantham" title="Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham">Grantham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Townshend,_1st_Viscount_Sydney" title="Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney">Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jenkinson,_1st_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Charles Jenkinson, 1st Earl of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Graham,_3rd_Duke_of_Montrose" title="James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose">Montrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eden,_1st_Baron_Auckland" title="William Eden, 1st Baron Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bathurst,_3rd_Earl_Bathurst" title="Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst">Bathurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Trench,_2nd_Earl_of_Clancarty" title="Richard Trench, 2nd Earl of Clancarty">Clancarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Huskisson" title="William Huskisson">Huskisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grant,_1st_Baron_Glenelg" title="Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Vesey-FitzGerald,_2nd_Baron_FitzGerald_and_Vesey" title="William Vesey-FitzGerald, 2nd Baron FitzGerald and Vesey">Vesey-Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">Herries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eden,_1st_Earl_of_Auckland" title="George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Poulett_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Sydenham" title="Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham">Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Baring,_1st_Baron_Ashburton" title="Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton">Baring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Poulett_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Sydenham" title="Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham">Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Labouchere,_1st_Baron_Taunton" title="Henry Labouchere, 1st Baron Taunton">Labouchere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Broun-Ramsay,_1st_Marquess_of_Dalhousie" title="James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie">Dalhousie</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Labouchere,_1st_Baron_Taunton" title="Henry Labouchere, 1st Baron Taunton">Labouchere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._W._Henley" title="J. W. Henley">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cardwell,_1st_Viscount_Cardwell" title="Edward Cardwell, 1st Viscount Cardwell">Cardwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_2nd_Baron_Stanley_of_Alderley" title="Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._W._Henley" title="J. W. Henley">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hely-Hutchinson,_4th_Earl_of_Donoughmore" title="Richard Hely-Hutchinson, 4th Earl of Donoughmore">Donoughmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Milner_Gibson" title="Thomas Milner Gibson">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gordon-Lennox,_6th_Duke_of_Richmond" title="Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bright" title="John Bright">Bright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester_Parkinson-Fortescue,_1st_Baron_Carlingford" title="Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue, 1st Baron Carlingford">Parkinson-Fortescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Adderley,_1st_Baron_Norton" title="Charles Adderley, 1st Baron Norton">Adderley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_3rd_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 3rd Earl of Harrowby">Sandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gordon-Lennox,_6th_Duke_of_Richmond" title="Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanhope" title="Edward Stanhope">Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._J._Mundella" title="A. J. Mundella">Mundella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Stanley,_16th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._J._Mundella" title="A. J. Mundella">Mundella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bryce,_1st_Viscount_Bryce" title="James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce">Bryce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ritchie,_1st_Baron_Ritchie_of_Dundee" title="Charles Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee">Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Balfour,_2nd_Earl_of_Balfour" title="Gerald Balfour, 2nd Earl of Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gascoyne-Cecil,_4th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Buxton,_1st_Earl_Buxton" title="Sydney Buxton, 1st Earl Buxton">Buxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burns" title="John Burns">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Runciman,_1st_Viscount_Runciman_of_Doxford" title="Walter Runciman, 1st Viscount Runciman of Doxford">Runciman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Stanley,_1st_Baron_Ashfield" title="Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Geddes,_1st_Baron_Geddes" title="Auckland Geddes, 1st Baron Geddes">Geddes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Horne,_1st_Viscount_Horne_of_Slamannan" title="Robert Horne, 1st Viscount Horne of Slamannan">Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Cunliffe-Lister,_1st_Earl_of_Swinton" title="Philip Cunliffe-Lister, 1st Earl of Swinton">Cunliffe-Lister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_(Edinburgh_MP)" title="William Graham (Edinburgh MP)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Cunliffe-Lister,_1st_Earl_of_Swinton" title="Philip Cunliffe-Lister, 1st Earl of Swinton">Cunliffe-Lister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Runciman,_1st_Viscount_Runciman_of_Doxford" title="Walter Runciman, 1st Viscount Runciman of Doxford">Runciman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stanley" title="Oliver Stanley">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Duncan_(businessman)" title="Andrew Duncan (businessman)">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Lyttelton,_1st_Viscount_Chandos" title="Oliver Lyttelton, 1st Viscount Chandos">Lyttelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Duncan_(businessman)" title="Andrew Duncan (businessman)">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Llewellin,_1st_Baron_Llewellin" title="John Llewellin, 1st Baron Llewellin">Llewellin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dalton" title="Hugh Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Lyttelton,_1st_Viscount_Chandos" title="Oliver Lyttelton, 1st Viscount Chandos">Lyttelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartley_Shawcross" title="Hartley Shawcross">Shawcross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Thorneycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Eccles,_1st_Viscount_Eccles" title="David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles">Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Maulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Erroll,_1st_Baron_Erroll_of_Hale" title="Frederick Erroll, 1st Baron Erroll of Hale">Erroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Jay" title="Douglas Jay">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Crosland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Mason" title="Roy Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Noble,_Baron_Glenkinglas" title="Michael Noble, Baron Glenkinglas">Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davies_(British_businessman)" title="John Davies (British businessman)">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Walker,_Baron_Walker_of_Worcester" title="Peter Walker, Baron Walker of Worcester">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Benn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Varley" title="Eric Varley">Varley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Joseph" title="Keith Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Jenkin" title="Patrick Jenkin">Jenkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Shore" title="Peter Shore">Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Dell" title="Edmund Dell">Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nott" title="John Nott">Nott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Biffen" title="John Biffen">Biffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cockfield,_Baron_Cockfield" title="Arthur Cockfield, Baron Cockfield">Cockfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Parkinson" title="Cecil Parkinson">Parkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Tebbit" title="Norman Tebbit">Tebbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Brittan" title="Leon Brittan">Brittan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Channon" title="Paul Channon">Channon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Graffham" title="David Young, Baron Young of Graffham">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ridley,_Baron_Ridley_of_Liddesdale" title="Nicholas Ridley, Baron Ridley of Liddesdale">Ridley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lilley" title="Peter Lilley">Lilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Heseltine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Lang,_Baron_Lang_of_Monkton" title="Ian Lang, Baron Lang of Monkton">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mandelson" title="Peter Mandelson">Mandelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Byers" title="Stephen Byers">Byers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Hewitt" title="Patricia Hewitt">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Johnson" title="Alan Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Darling" title="Alistair Darling">Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hutton,_Baron_Hutton_of_Furness" title="John Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness">Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mandelson" title="Peter Mandelson">Mandelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Javid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Clark" title="Greg Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Fox" title="Liam Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Marie_Trevelyan" title="Anne-Marie Trevelyan">Trevelyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch" title="Kemi Badenoch">Badenoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Reynolds" title="Jonathan Reynolds">Reynolds</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335305#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108139048">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/20433988">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/261394/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrGxcGwmtFfwM3HRQjXBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117427748">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no89018355">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13614499s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13614499s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070019940">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/97mprp9t5629m5f">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810658899705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14155471">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1056873">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Villiers, George William Frederick"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.008819.v1">Ireland</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/117427748.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/117427748">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/092087485">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6t72tdr">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon&oldid=1269899814">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon&oldid=1269899814</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1800_births" title="Category:1800 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