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searchaux" style="display:none">American Agena rocket motor (1963–1984)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">XLR81</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Agena_D_108.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Agena_D_108.jpg/250px-Agena_D_108.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Agena_D_108.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="212" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Standard Agena D 108 delivery to final assembly for <a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a> <a href="/wiki/Agena_target_vehicle" title="Agena target vehicle">Agena target vehicle</a> 5003.<sup id="cite_ref-ea-atldslv3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-atldslv3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">12 July 1963<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1963-07-12</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last flight</th><td class="infobox-data">17 April 1984<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1984-04-17</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bell_Aircraft" title="Bell Aircraft">Bell Aerosystems Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Application</th><td class="infobox-data">Upper stage</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Associated <abbr title="launch vehicle">LV</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">Thor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">Thorad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlas-Agena" title="Atlas-Agena">Atlas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Titan_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan (rocket)">Titan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Bell 8081</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Bell 8247</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Retired</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket" title="Liquid-propellant rocket">Liquid-fuel engine</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Red_fuming_nitric_acid" title="Red fuming nitric acid">RFNA</a> / <a href="/wiki/Unsymmetrical_dimethylhydrazine" title="Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine">UDMH</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mixture ratio</th><td class="infobox-data">2.55</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cycle</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gas-generator_cycle_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas-generator cycle (rocket)">Gas-generator</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFDEAD">Configuration</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chamber</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nozzle ratio</th><td class="infobox-data">45</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFDEAD">Performance</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Thrust, vacuum</th><td class="infobox-data">71.2 kN (16,000 lb<sub>f</sub>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chamber <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3.49 MPa (506 psi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a>, vacuum</th><td class="infobox-data">293 s (2.87 km/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">265<span class="nowrap"> </span>seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Restarts</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gimbaled_thrust" title="Gimbaled thrust">Gimbal range</a></th><td class="infobox-data">±2.5°</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFDEAD">Dimensions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">2.11 m (83.2 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">0.90 m (35.5 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dry mass</th><td class="infobox-data">134 kg (296 lb)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFDEAD">Used in</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">RM-81 Agena</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFDEAD">References</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">References</th><td class="infobox-data"><sup id="cite_ref-b14643-agena_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b14643-agena-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ntrs-19740024172a_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntrs-19740024172a-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsf-agdoc01_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf-agdoc01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bell_Model_8048_Engine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bell_Model_8048_Engine.jpg/200px-Bell_Model_8048_Engine.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bell_Model_8048_Engine.jpg/300px-Bell_Model_8048_Engine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bell_Model_8048_Engine.jpg/400px-Bell_Model_8048_Engine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1197" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Model 8048</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bell_Aircraft" title="Bell Aircraft">Bell Aerosystems Company</a> <b>XLR81</b> (<b>Model 8096</b>) was an American <a href="/wiki/Liquid-fuel_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid-fuel rocket">liquid-propellant</a> <a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine" title="Rocket engine">rocket engine</a>, which was used on the <a href="/wiki/RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">Agena</a> upper stage. It burned <a href="/wiki/Unsymmetrical_dimethylhydrazine" title="Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine">UDMH</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_fuming_nitric_acid" title="Red fuming nitric acid">RFNA</a> fed by a <a href="/wiki/Turbopump" title="Turbopump">turbopump</a> in a fuel rich <a href="/wiki/Gas-generator_cycle_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas-generator cycle (rocket)">gas generator</a> cycle. The turbopump had a single turbine with a gearbox to transmit power to the oxidizer and fuel pumps. The thrust chamber was all-<a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Regenerative_cooling_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regenerative cooling (rocket)">regeneratively</a> cooled by oxidizer flowing through gun-drilled passages in the <a href="/wiki/Combustion_chamber" title="Combustion chamber">combustion chamber</a> and throat walls. The <a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine_nozzle" title="Rocket engine nozzle">nozzle</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a> <a href="/wiki/Radiative_cooling" title="Radiative cooling">radiatively cooled</a> extension. The engine was mounted on a hydraulic actuated <a href="/wiki/Gimbaled_thrust" title="Gimbaled thrust">gimbal</a> which enabled <a href="/wiki/Thrust_vectoring" title="Thrust vectoring">thrust vectoring</a> to control <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_principal_axes#Principal_axes" title="Aircraft principal axes">pitch and yaw</a>. Engine thrust and mixture ratio were controlled by <a href="/wiki/Cavitation" title="Cavitation">cavitating</a> flow <a href="/wiki/Venturi_effect" title="Venturi effect">venturis</a> on the gas generator flow circuit. Engine start was achieved by solid propellant start cartridge.<sup id="cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf-agdoc02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XLR81&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting as an air-launched missile engine and finishing as a multi-mission general propulsion for the space age, the basic design went through a series of iterations and versions that enabled it to have a long and productive career. </p> <ul><li><b>Bell Model 117</b>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> designation <b>XLR81</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-usaf-smeh100_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usaf-smeh100-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also known as the <b>Bell Hustler Rocket Engine</b>. The engine was developed for the <a href="/wiki/Convair_B-58_Hustler" title="Convair B-58 Hustler">B-58 Hustler</a> Powered Disposable Bomb Pod. It reached a maturity of development where its performance was confirmed through a Performance Flight Rating Test. However, the project was cancelled before it could be flight-tested. It burned <a href="/wiki/JP-4_(fuel)" class="mw-redirect" title="JP-4 (fuel)">JP-4</a> aircraft kerosene as fuel and used <a href="/wiki/Red_fuming_nitric_acid" title="Red fuming nitric acid">red fuming nitric acid</a> (RFNA) as oxidant, to supply a thrust of 67 kN (15,000 lbf).<sup id="cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf-agdoc02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Bell Model 8001</b>: USAF designation <b>XLR81-BA-3</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-b14643-agena_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b14643-agena-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was used on the <a href="/wiki/RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">Agena-A prototype</a>. It was based on the Bell Model 117. It only needed a <a href="/wiki/Gimbaled_thrust" title="Gimbaled thrust">gimbal</a> mount to provide <a href="/wiki/Thrust_vectoring" title="Thrust vectoring">thrust vectoring</a>, relocating the gas generator exhaust port to enable the gimbal movement and addition of a nozzle closure as major modifications. As its predecessor, it burned RFNA and JP-4 propellant and had a thrust of 67 kN (15,000 lbf) with an <a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse"><i>I</i><sub>sp</sub></a> of 265.5 s (2.604 km/s) with its 15:1 expansion ratio. Its rated duration was 100 seconds and only launched twice. The first flight was on 28 February 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf-agdoc02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aw-bell_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aw-bell-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ea-bell8048_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-bell8048-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Bell Model 8048</b>: Also known as the <b>XLR81-BA-5</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-b14643-agena_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b14643-agena-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Used on the Agena-A, it switched propellants to the <a href="/wiki/Hypergolic_propellant" title="Hypergolic propellant">hypergolic</a> RFNA and <a href="/wiki/Unsymmetrical_dimethylhydrazine" title="Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine">UDMH</a>. Since the mixture self-ignites on contact, the engine could be greatly simplified. For example, the combustion chamber ignition system was eliminated. The most important system was the passive thrust regulating system. The use of a series of <a href="/wiki/Venturi_effect" title="Venturi effect">venturi</a> holes in the gas generator allowed it to supply a 67 kN (15,000 lbf) with just a 1.6 kN (350 lbf) variability without moving parts. Also, the expansion ratio was increased to 20:1 which enabled it to achieve an <i>I</i><sub>sp</sub> of 276 s (2.71 km/s). First flew on January 21, 1959 and last flew on January 31, 1961. It was used for the first American experience on vacuum starting an engine, since it was believed at the time that engines would need atmospheric pressure for start-up.<sup id="cite_ref-b14643-agena_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b14643-agena-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf-agdoc02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aw-bell_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aw-bell-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ea-bell8048_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-bell8048-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Bell Model 8081</b>: This version was the first designed to have two restart capability, by use of three ignition cartridges, and extensive validation of vacuum starting behavior. Thrust was increased to 71 kN (16,000 lbf) and expansion ratio to 45:1 for an <i>I</i><sub>sp</sub> of 293 s (2.87 km/s). USAF designation <b>XLR81-BA-7</b>. Used on the <a href="/wiki/RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">Agena-B</a>, it first flew on December 20, 1960 and last flight was on May 15, 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-ea-bell8081_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-bell8081-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Bell Model 8096</b>: USAF designation <b>XLR81-BA-11</b> and later, <b>YLR81-BA-11</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-nsf-agdoc01_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf-agdoc01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf-agdoc02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Main production version, used on the <a href="/wiki/RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">Agena-D</a>. It added to the 8081 a <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a> with <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> reinforcements <a href="/wiki/Nozzle_extension" title="Nozzle extension">nozzle extension</a>, which enabled it to reach an <i>I</i><sub>sp</sub> of 280 s (2.7 km/s). It also added inducers to the turbopumps, reducing the pressurization requirements on the tanks. In 1968, restart capability was increased to three restarts.<sup id="cite_ref-b14643-agena_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b14643-agena-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ea-bell8096_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-bell8096-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf-agdoc02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aw-bell_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aw-bell-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Bell Model 8096-39</b>: This was a version that switched oxidizer to MIL-P-7254F Nitric Acid Type IV — known as HDA (High Density Acid) — mixture of 55% <a href="/wiki/Inhibited_red_fuming_nitric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhibited red fuming nitric acid">IRFNA</a> and 44% <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> with some <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">hydrogen fluoride</a> as a corrosion inhibitor.<sup id="cite_ref-usaf-phvii_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usaf-phvii-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It achieved a thrust of 76 kN (17,000 lbf) with an <i>I</i><sub>sp</sub> of 300 s (2.9 km/s).<sup id="cite_ref-aw-bell_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aw-bell-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Bell Model 8096A</b>: A proposed improvement over the 8096-39 that would increase the size of the nozzle extension at an expansion ratio of 75:1, achieving an <i>I</i><sub>sp</sub> of 312 s (3.06 km/s).<sup id="cite_ref-aw-bell_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aw-bell-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Bell Model 8096B</b>: Proposed version for use with an <a href="/wiki/RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">Agena</a> based reusable upper stage for the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>. It would switch propellant to <a href="/wiki/Monomethylhydrazine" title="Monomethylhydrazine">MMH</a> plus <a href="/wiki/Silicone_oil" title="Silicone oil">hexamethyldisilazone (HMZ)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> on a 1.78 mixture ratio and add a <a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a> nozzle with a 100:1 expansion ratio for an increase in <i>I</i><sub>sp</sub> to 327 s (3.21 km/s), or 330 s (3.2 km/s) with a 150:1 nozzle. The propellant change would require modification of the gas generator <a href="/wiki/Venturi_effect" title="Venturi effect">venturi</a> holes to achieve power balance with the new performance without redesigning the turbopump. The chamber pressure would be reduced to 3.35 MPa (486 psi). Within the same actuators, it enable to increase the gimbal angle to 3 degrees, change engine clocking to reduce oil leakage. It would decrease the coolant passage diameter, since the new oxidizer could stay within specification at a higher flow velocity. The injector would change from flat to a 5-legged baffle, the pump seals would be improved and the oxidizer valve would change to a torque motor design. It would also implement some material changes in the turbopump bearings that would eliminate the oxidizer boiling that prevented a restart in the 15 minute to 3 hours period after an ignition. The multi start capabilities of the 8247 would have been ported. This would enable up to 200 starts. Also, single burn life was expanded to 1200 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-ntrs-19740024172d_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntrs-19740024172d-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ntrs-19740024172c_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntrs-19740024172c-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Bell Model 8096L</b>: Since the 8096B would require expensive changes in propellant handling, a middle step was proposed. It would switch fuel to <a href="/wiki/Monomethylhydrazine" title="Monomethylhydrazine">MMH</a> plus <a href="/wiki/Silicone_oil" title="Silicone oil">hexamethyldisilazone (HMZ)</a>, while keeping the same oxidant as the 8096-39, and change the mixture ratio at 2.03. The rest of the changes were the same as the 8096B, except that it would keep the same cooling channel diameter as the 8096, the chamber pressure would be reduced to 3.34 MPa (484 psi), and the <a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a> nozzle would have a 150:1 expansion ratio. The restart capabilities would be 10 to 100 starts depending on certification effort.<sup id="cite_ref-ntrs-19740024172a_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntrs-19740024172a-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ntrs-19740024172d_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntrs-19740024172d-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ntrs-19740024172b_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntrs-19740024172b-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Bell Model 8247</b>: USAF designation <b>XLR81-BA-13</b>. Used on the <a href="/wiki/Agena_target_vehicle" title="Agena target vehicle">Agena target vehicle</a> and as a pure upper stage in the form of the <a href="/wiki/RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">Ascent Agena</a>. It added a new system that allowed multiple restarts. The system replaced the start up cartridges for two metallic bellows on the oxidizer and fuel tank, which could supply enough pressure for start up. Once the turbopump reached its peak power, the outlet pressure was used to refill those bellows, and thus it recharged itself. While it was rated at 15 restarts, in practice it never did more than 8, which were performed during the <a href="/wiki/Gemini_11" title="Gemini 11">Gemini XI</a> mission.<sup id="cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf-agdoc02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aw-bell_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aw-bell-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ea-bell8247_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-bell8247-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Bell Model 8533</b>: A program to develop an upgraded version of the 8247. It switched propellants to <a href="/wiki/Unsymmetrical_dimethylhydrazine" title="Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine">UDMH</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> and had general performance improvements. The propellant switch not only enabled better performance, but also allowed it to stay fueled on the pad for periods of time longer than 15 days.<sup id="cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf-agdoc02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nasa-sp4212_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-sp4212-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XLR81&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/48px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/64px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Space">Space portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">RM-81 Agena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">Thor-Agena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">Thorad-Agena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Agena" title="Atlas-Agena">Atlas-Agena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan (rocket)">Titan (rocket)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid-fuel_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid-fuel rocket">Rocket engine using liquid fuel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XLR81&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017111351/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/atldslv3.htm">"Atlas Agena D SLV-3"</a>. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/atldslv3.htm">the original</a> on 2013-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atlas+Agena+D+SLV-3&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Flvs%2Fatldslv3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXLR81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b14643-agena-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b14643-agena_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b14643-agena_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b14643-agena_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b14643-agena_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b14643-agena_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrügge" class="citation web cs1">Brügge, Norbert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_2/United_States_4/Agena/index.htm">"Propulsion and History of the U.S. Agena upper stage"</a>. <i>www.b14643.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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A.; Jensen, H. L. (1974-03-15). "Section 3.2.3". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19740024172.pdf"><i>Reusable Agena Study Final Report (Technical Volume II)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 3–8<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Section+II+-+Agena+and+Support+Systems&rft.btitle=Athena+Payloads+User+Handbook&rft.pages=2-4&rft.pub=Lockheed+Missile+%26+Space+Company&rft.date=1971-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforum.nasaspaceflight.com%2Findex.php%3Ftopic%3D21475.msg584724%23msg584724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXLR81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsf-agdoc02-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsf-agdoc02_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoach" class="citation book cs1">Roach, Robert D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=16154.msg373040#msg373040"><i>The Agena Rocket Engine... Six Generations of Reliability in Space Propulsion</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Agena+Rocket+Engine...+Six+Generations+of+Reliability+in+Space+Propulsion&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforum.nasaspaceflight.com%2Findex.php%3Ftopic%3D16154.msg373040%23msg373040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXLR81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usaf-smeh100-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usaf-smeh100_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrassly" class="citation book cs1">Grassly, Sarah A. "Introduction". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nro.gov/foia/declass/WS117L_Records/276.PDF"><i>Agena Flight History as of 31 December 1967</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/USAF" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF">USAF</a>. p. IX<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Agena+Flight+History+as+of+31+December+1967&rft.pages=IX&rft.pub=USAF&rft.aulast=Grassly&rft.aufirst=Sarah+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nro.gov%2Ffoia%2Fdeclass%2FWS117L_Records%2F276.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXLR81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aw-bell-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aw-bell_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aw-bell_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aw-bell_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aw-bell_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aw-bell_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aw-bell_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alternatewars.com/BBOW/Space_Engines/BellTextron_Engines.htm">"Bell/Texton Space Engines (1935-Present)"</a>. <i>www.alternatewars.com/BBOW/</i>. Big Book of Warfare<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.alternatewars.com%2FBBOW%2F&rft.atitle=Bell%2FTexton+Space+Engines+%281935-Present%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alternatewars.com%2FBBOW%2FSpace_Engines%2FBellTextron_Engines.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXLR81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ea-bell8048-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ea-bell8048_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ea-bell8048_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095950/http://astronautix.com/engines/bell8048.htm">"Bell 8048"</a>. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/engines/bell8048.htm">the original</a> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bell+8048&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fengines%2Fbell8048.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXLR81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ea-bell8081-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ea-bell8081_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204171248/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/bell8081.htm">"Bell 8081"</a>. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/engines/bell8081.htm">the original</a> on 2017-02-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bell+8081&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fengines%2Fbell8081.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXLR81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ea-bell8096-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ea-bell8096_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101356/http://astronautix.com/engines/bell8096.htm">"Bell 8096"</a>. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/engines/bell8096.htm">the original</a> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bell+8096&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fengines%2Fbell8096.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXLR81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usaf-phvii-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usaf-phvii_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"1.1 General". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a036741.pdf"><i>USAF Propellant Handbook Volume II - Nitric Acid/Nitrogen Tetroxide Oxidiser</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. February 1977. pp. 1–3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150618172155/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a036741.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1.1+General&rft.btitle=USAF+Propellant+Handbook+Volume+II+-+Nitric+Acid%2FNitrogen+Tetroxide+Oxidiser&rft.pages=1-3&rft.date=1977-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fdtic%2Ftr%2Ffulltext%2Fu2%2Fa036741.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXLR81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ntrs-19740024172d-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ntrs-19740024172d_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntrs-19740024172d_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarterPiperDouglassWaller1974" class="citation book cs1">Carter, W. K.; Piper, J. E.; Douglass, D. A.; Waller, E. W.; Hopkins, C. V.; Fitzgerald, E. T.; Sagawa, S. S.; Carter, S. A.; Jensen, H. L. (1974-03-15). "3.3.2 Propulsion Systems". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19740024172.pdf"><i>Reusable Agena Study Final Report (Technical Volume II)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 3–37<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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K.; Piper, J. E.; Douglass, D. A.; Waller, E. W.; Hopkins, C. V.; Fitzgerald, E. T.; Sagawa, S. S.; Carter, S. A.; Jensen, H. L. (1974-03-15). "4.5 Alternative Concepts". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19740024172.pdf"><i>Reusable Agena Study Final Report (Technical Volume II)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 4–20<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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K.; Piper, J. E.; Douglass, D. A.; Waller, E. W.; Hopkins, C. V.; Fitzgerald, E. T.; Sagawa, S. S.; Carter, S. A.; Jensen, H. L. (1974-03-15). "2.3 NOMINAL SHUTTLE/AGENA UPPER STAGE CONCEPT". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19740024172.pdf"><i>Reusable Agena Study Final Report (Technical Volume II)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 2–4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2.3+NOMINAL+SHUTTLE%2FAGENA+UPPER+STAGE+CONCEPT&rft.btitle=Reusable+Agena+Study+Final+Report+%28Technical+Volume+II%29&rft.pages=2-4&rft.date=1974-03-15&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=W.+K.&rft.au=Piper%2C+J.+E.&rft.au=Douglass%2C+D.+A.&rft.au=Waller%2C+E.+W.&rft.au=Hopkins%2C+C.+V.&rft.au=Fitzgerald%2C+E.+T.&rft.au=Sagawa%2C+S.+S.&rft.au=Carter%2C+S.+A.&rft.au=Jensen%2C+H.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Farchive%2Fnasa%2Fcasi.ntrs.nasa.gov%2F19740024172.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXLR81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ea-bell8247-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ea-bell8247_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170205095854/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/bell8247.htm">"Bell 8247"</a>. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/engines/bell8247.htm">the original</a> on 2017-02-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bell+8247&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fengines%2Fbell8247.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXLR81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa-sp4212-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nasa-sp4212_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Appendix E". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4212/app-e.html"><i>SP-4212 "On Mars: Exploration of the Red Planet. 1958-1978"</i></a>. NASA. pp. 465–469<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+E&rft.btitle=SP-4212+%22On+Mars%3A+Exploration+of+the+Red+Planet.+1958-1978%22&rft.pages=465-469&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2FSP-4212%2Fapp-e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXLR81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XLR81&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_2/United_States_4/Agena/index.htm">B14643.de</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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aria-labelledby="Rocket_engines_and_solid_motors_for_orbital_launch_vehicles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rocket_engines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rocket engines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rocket_engines_and_solid_motors_for_orbital_launch_vehicles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine" title="Rocket engine">Rocket engines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solid_rocket_booster" title="Solid rocket booster">solid motors</a> for <a href="/wiki/Orbital_spaceflight" title="Orbital spaceflight">orbital</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital_rocket_engines" title="Comparison of orbital rocket engines">Comparison of orbital rocket engines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket" title="Liquid-propellant rocket">Liquid <br />fuel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_fuel" title="Cryogenic fuel">Cryogenic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hydrolox <br />(<a href="/wiki/Liquid_hydrogen" title="Liquid hydrogen">LH<sub>2</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YF-73" title="YF-73">YF-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-75" title="YF-75">YF-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-75D" title="YF-75D">YF-75D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-77" title="YF-77">YF-77</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YF-79" title="YF-79">YF-79</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YF-90" title="YF-90">YF-90</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HM7B" title="HM7B">HM7B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinci_(rocket_engine)" title="Vinci (rocket engine)">Vinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcain_(rocket_engine)" title="Vulcain (rocket engine)">Vulcain</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CE-7.5" title="CE-7.5">CE-7.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CE-20" title="CE-20">CE-20</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LE-5" title="LE-5">LE-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LE-7" title="LE-7">LE-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LE-9" title="LE-9">LE-9</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KVD-1" title="KVD-1">KVD-1 (RD-56)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0120" title="RD-0120">RD-0120</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RD-0146" title="RD-0146">RD-0146</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BE-3U" class="mw-redirect" title="BE-3U">BE-3U</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BE-7" title="BE-7">BE-7</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocketdyne_J-2" title="Rocketdyne J-2">J-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RL10" title="RL10">RL10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-25" title="RS-25">RS-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-68" title="RS-68">RS-68</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methalox <br />(<a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">CH<sub>4</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>China <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BF-20" title="BF-20">BF-20</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lingyun_(rocket_engine)" title="Lingyun (rocket engine)">Lingyun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Longyun_(rocket_engine)" title="Longyun (rocket engine)">Longyun</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TQ-11" title="TQ-11">TQ-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TQ-12" title="TQ-12">TQ-12</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TQ-15" title="TQ-15">TQ-15A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YF-209" title="YF-209">YF-209</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YF-215" title="YF-215">YF-215</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BE-4" title="BE-4">BE-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Raptor" title="SpaceX Raptor">Raptor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Archimedes_(rocket_engine)" title="Archimedes (rocket engine)">Archimedes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Relativity_Space#Aeon_1" title="Relativity Space">Aeon 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Relativity_Space#Aeon_R" title="Relativity Space">Aeon R</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/RD-0169" title="RD-0169">RD-0169</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(rocket_engine)" title="Prometheus (rocket engine)">Prometheus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M10_(rocket_engine)" title="M10 (rocket engine)">M-10</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Semi-<br />cryogenic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Kerolox_(RP-1_/_LOX)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kerolox <br />(<a href="/wiki/RP-1" title="RP-1">RP-1</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TH-11" title="TH-11">TH-11</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TH-12" title="TH-12">TH-12</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-100" title="YF-100">YF-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-102_(rocket_engine)" title="YF-102 (rocket engine)">YF-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-115" title="YF-115">YF-115</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YF-130" title="YF-130">YF-130</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Energy_Welkin" title="Galactic Energy Welkin">Welkin</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/SCE-200" title="SCE-200">SCE-200</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NK-15" title="NK-15">NK-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NK-33" title="NK-33">NK-33, 44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-58" title="RD-58">RD-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0109" title="RD-0109">RD-0105, 0109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0110" title="RD-0110">RD-0107, 0108, 0110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0110R" title="RD-0110R">RD-0110R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0124" title="RD-0124">RD-0124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-107" title="RD-107">RD-107, 108, 117, 118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-120" title="RD-120">RD-120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-170" title="RD-170">RD-170, 171</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-180" title="RD-180">RD-180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-191" title="RD-191">RD-191, 151, 181</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RD-193" title="RD-193">RD-193</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S1.5400" title="S1.5400">S1.5400</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TEPREL" title="TEPREL">TEPREL</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RD-8" title="RD-8">RD-8</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RD-801" title="RD-801">RD-801</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RD-810" title="RD-810">RD-810</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocketdyne_F-1" title="Rocketdyne F-1">F-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocketdyne_H-1" title="Rocketdyne H-1">H-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Kestrel" title="SpaceX Kestrel">Kestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGM-17_Thor#Specifications_(PGM-17A)" title="PGM-17 Thor">LR-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR89" title="LR89">LR89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR105" title="LR105">LR105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGM-19_Jupiter" title="PGM-19 Jupiter">LR70-NA , S-3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Merlin" title="SpaceX Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-27" title="RS-27">RS-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-27A" class="mw-redirect" title="RS-27A">RS-27A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-56" title="RS-56">RS-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocketdyne_S-3D" title="Rocketdyne S-3D">S-3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_(rocket_engine)" title="Rutherford (rocket engine)">Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLR50" title="XLR50">XLR50</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hypergolic_(Aerozine,_UH_25,_MMH,_or_UDMH_/_N2O4,_MON,_or_HNO3)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypergolic_propellant" title="Hypergolic propellant">Hypergolic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aerozine_50" title="Aerozine 50">Aerozine</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/UH_25" title="UH 25">UH 25</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monomethylhydrazine" title="Monomethylhydrazine">MMH</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Unsymmetrical_dimethylhydrazine" title="Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine">UDMH</a> <br />/ <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixed_oxides_of_nitrogen" title="Mixed oxides of nitrogen">MON</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">HNO<sub>3</sub></a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YF-1" title="YF-1">YF-1, 2, 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-20" title="YF-20">YF-20, 21, 22, 24, 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-23_(rocket_engine)" title="YF-23 (rocket engine)">YF-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-40" title="YF-40">YF-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanzheng" title="Yuanzheng">YF-50D</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestus" title="Aestus">Aestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astris_(rocket_engine)" title="Astris (rocket engine)">Astris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant#Vexin" title="Diamant">Vexin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_(rocket_engine)" title="Viking (rocket engine)">Viking</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle#Vehicle_description" title="Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle">PS4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikas_(rocket_engine)" title="Vikas (rocket engine)">Vikas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">LK-4</a></li></ul></li> <li>North Korea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RD-250" title="RD-250">Paektusan LRE</a> along other LREs</li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ikar_(rocket_stage)" title="Ikar (rocket stage)">17D61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0210" title="RD-0210">RD-0202 to 0206, 0208 to 0213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0214" title="RD-0214">RD-0207, 0214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0216" title="RD-0216">RD-0216, 0217, 0235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0233" title="RD-0233">RD-0233, 0234</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0236" title="RD-0236">RD-0236</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0237" title="RD-0237">RD-0237</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0243" title="RD-0243">RD-0243 to 0245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0255" title="RD-0255">RD-0255 to 0257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-215" title="RD-215">RD-215 to 219</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-250" title="RD-250">RD-250 to 252, 261, 262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-253" title="RD-253">RD-253, 275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-263" title="RD-263">RD-263, 268, 273</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RD-270" title="RD-270">RD-270</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S5.92" title="S5.92">S5.92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S5.98M" title="S5.98M">S5.98M</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RD-843" title="RD-843">RD-843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-861" title="RD-861">RD-854, 861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-855" title="RD-855">RD-855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-856" title="RD-856">RD-856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-864" title="RD-864">RD-864, 869</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AJ10" title="AJ10">AJ10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerojet_LR87" title="Aerojet LR87">LR-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR91" title="LR91">LR-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-88" title="RS-88">RS-88</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-201" title="TR-201">TR-201</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">XLR81</a>*</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RD-119" title="RD-119">RD-109, 119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-214" title="RD-214">RD-211 to 214</a></li></ul></li> <li>UK <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Siddeley_Gamma" title="Bristol Siddeley Gamma">Gamma</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curie_(rocket_engine)" title="Curie (rocket engine)">Curie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-88" title="RS-88">RS-88</a>*</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">XLR81</a>*</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/RS-68_rocket_engine_test.jpg/120px-RS-68_rocket_engine_test.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/RS-68_rocket_engine_test.jpg/180px-RS-68_rocket_engine_test.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/RS-68_rocket_engine_test.jpg/240px-RS-68_rocket_engine_test.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="750" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solid-propellant_rocket" title="Solid-propellant rocket">Solid <br />fuel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FG-02" title="FG-02">FG-02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FG-36" title="FG-36">FG-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FG-46" title="FG-46">FG-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FG-47" title="FG-47">FG-47</a></li> <li>SpaB-65</li> <li>SpaB-140C</li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1">Mage 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant#P-4" title="Diamant">P-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant#P-6" title="Diamant">P-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_4" title="Ariane 4">PAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P80_(rocket_stage)" title="P80 (rocket stage)">P80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P120C" title="P120C">P120C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">P230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant#Topaze" title="Diamant">Topaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxwing_(rocket_motor)" title="Waxwing (rocket motor)">Waxwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zefiro_(rocket_stage)" title="Zefiro (rocket stage)">Zefiro 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zefiro_(rocket_stage)" title="Zefiro (rocket stage)">Zefiro 23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zefiro_(rocket_stage)" title="Zefiro (rocket stage)">Zefiro 40</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle#Vehicle_description" title="Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle">S7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle#Vehicle_description" title="Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle">S9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle#Vehicle_description" title="Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle">S12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle#Vehicle_description" title="Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle">S139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle_Mk_III#Vehicle_description" class="mw-redirect" title="Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk III">S200</a></li></ul></li> <li>Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salman_(rocket_motor)" title="Salman (rocket motor)">Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaem_100_(rocket)#Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaem 100 (rocket)">Rafe</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">LK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">RSA-3</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">KM-V1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_(rocket)" title="Epsilon (rocket)">KM-V2b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">M-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">M-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">M-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_(rocket)" title="Epsilon (rocket)">M-34c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRB-A" title="SRB-A">SRB-A</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AJ-60A" title="AJ-60A">AJ-60A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algol_(rocket_stage)" title="Algol (rocket stage)">Algol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_(rocket_stage)" title="Castor (rocket stage)">Castor 30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphite-Epoxy_Motor" title="Graphite-Epoxy Motor">GEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_Upper_Stage" title="Inertial Upper Stage">Orbus-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_Upper_Stage" title="Inertial Upper Stage">Orbus-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(rocket_stage)" title="Orion (rocket stage)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster" title="Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster">Space Shuttle SRB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_(rocket_stage)" title="Star (rocket stage)">Star 37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_48" title="Star 48">Star 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UA120" title="UA120">UA120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Rocket_Motor_Upgrade" title="Solid Rocket Motor Upgrade">SRMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-248" class="mw-redirect" title="X-248">X-248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-254" class="mw-redirect" title="X-254">X-254</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>* Different versions of the engine use different propellant combinations</li> <li>Engines in <i>italics</i> are under development</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_engines_and_motors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_spacecraft_rocket_engines" title="Template:Orbital spacecraft rocket engines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_spacecraft_rocket_engines" title="Template talk:Orbital spacecraft rocket engines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_spacecraft_rocket_engines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital spacecraft rocket engines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_engines_and_motors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Spacecraft engines and motors</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket" title="Liquid-propellant rocket">Liquid fuel</a> engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ikar_(rocket_stage)" title="Ikar (rocket stage)">17D61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AJ10" title="AJ10">AJ10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT-4_(rocket_engine)" title="BT-4 (rocket engine)">BT-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curie_(rocket_engine)" title="Curie (rocket engine)">Curie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Draco" title="SpaceX Draco">Draco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDU-414" title="KDU-414">KDU-414</a> <ul><li>S5.19</li> <li>S5.114</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTDU-35" title="KTDU-35">KTDU-35</a> <ul><li>S5-35</li> <li>S5.53</li> <li>S5-60</li> <li>S5-66</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTDU-80" title="KTDU-80">KTDU-80</a> <ul><li>11D426</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11D428" title="11D428">11D428</a></li> <li>S5.79</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S5.80" title="S5.80">S5.80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S5.142" title="S5.142">S5.142</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTDU-425" title="KTDU-425">KTDU-425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEROS" title="LEROS">LEROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascent_Propulsion_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascent Propulsion System">LMAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descent_Propulsion_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Descent Propulsion System">LMDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-4D" title="R-4D">R-4D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-58" title="RD-58">RD-58</a> <ul><li>11D58</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-25" title="RS-25">RS-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S400_(rocket_engine)" title="S400 (rocket engine)">S400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S5.4" title="S5.4">S5.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S5.92" title="S5.92">S5.92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuperDraco" title="SuperDraco">SuperDraco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-201" title="TR-201">TR-201</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">XLR81</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/XLR-99_Rocket_Engine_USAF.jpg/120px-XLR-99_Rocket_Engine_USAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/XLR-99_Rocket_Engine_USAF.jpg/180px-XLR-99_Rocket_Engine_USAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/XLR-99_Rocket_Engine_USAF.jpg/240px-XLR-99_Rocket_Engine_USAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1145" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Solid propellant motors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_(rocket_stage)" title="Star (rocket stage)">Star 37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_48" title="Star 48">Star 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FG-15" title="FG-15">FG-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FG-36" title="FG-36">FG-36</a></li> <li>SpaB-65</li> <li>SpaB-140C</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_propulsion" title="Spacecraft propulsion">Spacecraft propulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">Spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apogee_kick_motor" title="Apogee kick motor">Apogee kick motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_apogee_engine" title="Liquid apogee engine">Liquid apogee engine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thor_and_Delta_rockets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thor_and_Delta_rockets" title="Template:Thor and Delta rockets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thor_and_Delta_rockets" title="Template talk:Thor and Delta rockets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thor_and_Delta_rockets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thor and Delta rockets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thor_and_Delta_rockets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Thor and Delta rockets</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PGM-17_Thor" title="PGM-17 Thor">PGM-17 Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(rocket_family)" title="Thor (rocket family)">Thor family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(rocket_family)" title="Delta (rocket family)">Delta family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Thor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PGM-17_Thor" title="PGM-17 Thor">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Able" title="Thor-Able">Thor-Able</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Ablestar" title="Thor-Ablestar">Thor-Ablestar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">Thor-Agena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">Thor-Burner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Delta" title="Thor-Delta">Thor-Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_DSV-2" title="Thor DSV-2">Thor DSV-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_DSV-2U" title="Thor DSV-2U">Thor DSV-2U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">Thorad-Agena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Delta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Alphabetical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_A" title="Delta A">Delta A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_B" title="Delta B">Delta B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_C" title="Delta C">Delta C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_D" title="Delta D">Delta D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_E" title="Delta E">Delta E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(rocket_family)#Delta_F" title="Delta (rocket family)">Delta F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_G" title="Delta G">Delta G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_J" title="Delta J">Delta J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_L" title="Delta L">Delta L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_M" title="Delta M">Delta M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_N" title="Delta N">Delta N</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Numerical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_0100" title="Delta 0100">Delta 0100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_1000" title="Delta 1000">Delta 1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_2000" title="Delta 2000">Delta 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_3000" title="Delta 3000">Delta 3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_4000" title="Delta 4000">Delta 4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_5000" title="Delta 5000">Delta 5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta 6000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta 7000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_III" title="Delta III">Delta 8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV" title="Delta IV">Delta 9000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_III" title="Delta III">Delta III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV" title="Delta IV">Delta IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy" title="Delta IV Heavy">Delta IV Heavy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Export</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N-I_(rocket)" title="N-I (rocket)">N-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-II_(rocket)" title="N-II (rocket)">N-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-I" title="H-I">H-I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Delta_II_Dawn_liftoff_1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Delta_II_Dawn_liftoff_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Delta_II_Dawn_liftoff_1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Delta_II_Dawn_liftoff_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Delta_II_Dawn_liftoff_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Delta_II_Dawn_liftoff_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Delta_II_Dawn_liftoff_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="1604" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station">Canaveral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_17" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17">(S)LC-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Launch_Complex_18" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 18">LC-18B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_37" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 37">SLC-37B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johnston_Atoll_Launch_Emplacement_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johnston Atoll Launch Emplacement 1 (page does not exist)">LE-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johnston_Atoll_Launch_Emplacement_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johnston Atoll Launch Emplacement 2 (page does not exist)">LE-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_Space_Center" title="Tanegashima Space Center">Tanegashima</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osaki_Launch_Complex" title="Osaki Launch Complex">Osaki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base">Vandenberg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_AFB_Space_Launch_Complex_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 1">SLC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_AFB_Space_Launch_Complex_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 2">SLC-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_AFB_Space_Launch_Complex_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 3">SLC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_AFB_Space_Launch_Complex_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 6">SLC-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_AFB_Space_Launch_Complex_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 10">SLC-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bardney" title="RAF Bardney">Bardney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breighton_Aerodrome" title="Breighton Aerodrome">Breighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Caistor" title="RAF Caistor">Caistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Carnaby" title="RAF Carnaby">Carnaby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Catfoss" title="RAF Catfoss">Catfoss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Coleby_Grange" title="RAF Coleby Grange">Coleby Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Driffield" title="RAF Driffield">Driffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Feltwell" title="RAF Feltwell">Feltwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Folkingham" title="RAF Folkingham">Folkingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Full_Sutton" title="RAF Full Sutton">Full Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Harrington" title="RAF Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Hemswell" title="RAF Hemswell">Hemswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Ludford_Magna" title="RAF Ludford Magna">Ludford Magna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Melton_Mowbray" title="RAF Melton Mowbray">Melton Mowbray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Mepal" title="RAF Mepal">Mepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_North_Luffenham" title="RAF North Luffenham">North Luffenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_North_Pickenham" title="RAF North Pickenham">North Pickenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Polebrook" title="RAF Polebrook">Polebrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Shepherds_Grove" title="RAF Shepherds Grove">Shepherds Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Tuddenham" title="RAF Tuddenham">Tuddenham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Boosters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castor_(rocket_stage)" title="Castor (rocket stage)">Castor-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_(rocket_stage)" title="Castor (rocket stage)">Castor-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_(rocket_stage)" title="Castor (rocket stage)">Castor-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_(rocket_stage)" title="Castor (rocket stage)">Castor-4A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Booster_Core" title="Common Booster Core">CBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphite-Epoxy_Motor" title="Graphite-Epoxy Motor">GEM-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphite-Epoxy_Motor" title="Graphite-Epoxy Motor">GEM-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphite-Epoxy_Motor" title="Graphite-Epoxy Motor">GEM-60</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">First stages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Booster_Core" title="Common Booster Core">Common Booster Core</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Upper Stages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta_(rocket_stage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta (rocket stage) (page does not exist)">Delta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta-A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta-A (page does not exist)">Delta-A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta-D_(rocket_stage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta-D (rocket stage) (page does not exist)">Delta-D</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta-E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta-E (page does not exist)">Delta-E</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta-F_(rocket_stage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta-F (rocket stage) (page does not exist)">Delta-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta-K" title="Delta-K">Delta-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta-P" title="Delta-P">Delta-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Cryogenic_Second_Stage" title="Delta Cryogenic Second Stage">DCSS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Able_(rocket_stage)" title="Able (rocket stage)">Able</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ablestar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ablestar (page does not exist)">Ablestar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">Agena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altair_(rocket_stage)" title="Altair (rocket stage)">Altair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burner_(rocket_stage)" title="Burner (rocket stage)">Burner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FW-4D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FW-4D (page does not exist)">FW-4D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IABS" class="mw-redirect" title="IABS">IABS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payload_Assist_Module" title="Payload Assist Module">PAM-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_(rocket_stage)" title="Star (rocket stage)">Star</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UM-129&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UM-129 (page does not exist)">UM-129</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AJ10" title="AJ10">AJ10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Model_8048" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Model 8048">B-8048</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Model_8081" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Model 8081">B-8081</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Model_8096" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Model 8096">B-8096</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LE-5" title="LE-5">LE-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LR-79&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LR-79 (page does not exist)">LR-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-4D" title="R-4D">R-4D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RL10" title="RL10">RL10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-27" title="RS-27">RS-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-68" title="RS-68">RS-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-201" title="TR-201">TR-201</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Rocket</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Launch_Alliance" title="United Launch Alliance">United Launch Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerojet" title="Aerojet">Aerojet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliant_Techsystems" title="Alliant Techsystems">Alliant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocketdyne" title="Rocketdyne">Rocketdyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiokol" title="Thiokol">Thiokol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRW_Inc." title="TRW Inc.">TRW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thor_and_Delta_launches" title="List of Thor and Delta launches">Launches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thor_and_Delta_launches_(1957%E2%80%931959)" title="List of Thor and Delta launches (1957–1959)">1957–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thor_and_Delta_launches_(1960%E2%80%931969)" title="List of Thor and Delta launches (1960–1969)">1960–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thor_and_Delta_launches_(1970%E2%80%931979)" title="List of Thor and Delta launches (1970–1979)">1970–1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thor_and_Delta_launches_(1980%E2%80%931989)" title="List of Thor and Delta launches (1980–1989)">1980–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thor_and_Delta_launches_(1990%E2%80%931999)" title="List of Thor and Delta launches (1990–1999)">1990–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thor_and_Delta_launches_(2000%E2%80%932009)" title="List of Thor and Delta launches (2000–2009)">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thor_and_Delta_launches_(2010%E2%80%932019)" title="List of Thor and Delta launches (2010–2019)">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thor_and_Delta_launches_(2020%E2%80%932024)" title="List of Thor and Delta launches (2020–2024)">2020–2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Atlas_rockets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Atlas_rockets" title="Template:Atlas rockets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Atlas_rockets" title="Template talk:Atlas rockets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Atlas_rockets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Atlas rockets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Atlas_rockets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Atlas rockets</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(rocket_family)" title="Atlas (rocket family)">Atlas family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65_Atlas" title="SM-65 Atlas">SM-65 Atlas</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas-F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Atlas-F.jpg/130px-Atlas-F.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Atlas-F.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prototypes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RTV-A-2_Hiroc" title="RTV-A-2 Hiroc">MX-774</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65A_Atlas" title="SM-65A Atlas">Atlas A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65B_Atlas" title="SM-65B Atlas">Atlas B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65C_Atlas" title="SM-65C Atlas">Atlas C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SM-65D_Atlas" title="SM-65D Atlas">Atlas D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65E_Atlas" title="SM-65E Atlas">Atlas E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65F_Atlas" title="SM-65F Atlas">Atlas F</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alphabetical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SM-65B_Atlas" title="SM-65B Atlas">Atlas B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65D_Atlas" title="SM-65D Atlas">Atlas D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_E/F" title="Atlas E/F">Atlas E/F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_G" title="Atlas G">Atlas G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_H" title="Atlas H">Atlas H</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper stages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Able" title="Atlas-Able">Atlas-Able</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Agena" title="Atlas-Agena">Atlas-Agena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Centaur" title="Atlas-Centaur">Atlas-Centaur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Numerical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_I" title="Atlas I">Atlas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_II" title="Atlas II">Atlas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_III" title="Atlas III">Atlas III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_LV-3B" title="Atlas LV-3B">Atlas LV-3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_SLV-3" title="Atlas SLV-3">Atlas SLV-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GX_(rocket)" title="GX (rocket)">GX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station">Cape Canaveral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_11" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 11">LC-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_12" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 12">LC-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_13" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 13">LC-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_14" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 14">LC-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_36" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 36">(S)LC-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Launch_Complex_41" title="Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41">SLC-41</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base">Vandenberg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Launch_Complex_576" title="Vandenberg Launch Complex 576">LC-576</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_3" title="Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 3">SLC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_4" title="Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 4">SLC-4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altus_Air_Force_Base" title="Altus Air Force Base">Altus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyess_Air_Force_Base" title="Dyess Air Force Base">Dyess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Air_Force_Base" title="Fairchild Air Force Base">Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Field_Air_National_Guard_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes Field Air National Guard Base">Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Warren_Air_Force_Base" title="Francis E. Warren Air Force Base">Francis E. Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Airport_(Nebraska)" title="Lincoln Airport (Nebraska)">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offutt_Air_Force_Base" title="Offutt Air Force Base">Offutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plattsburgh_Air_Force_Base" title="Plattsburgh Air Force Base">Plattsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salina_Regional_Airport" title="Salina Regional Airport">Schilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Air_Force_Base" title="Walker Air Force Base">Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boosters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AJ-60A" title="AJ-60A">AJ-60A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_(rocket_stage)" title="Castor (rocket stage)">Castor 4A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MA_(rocket_stage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MA (rocket stage) (page does not exist)">MA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First stages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Core_Booster" title="Common Core Booster">Common Core Booster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper stages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Able_(rocket_stage)" title="Able (rocket stage)">Able</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">Agena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altair_(rocket_stage)" title="Altair (rocket stage)">Altair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burner_(rocket_stage)" title="Burner (rocket stage)">Burner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(rocket_stage)" title="Centaur (rocket stage)">Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IABS" class="mw-redirect" title="IABS">IABS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSD_(rocket_stage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MSD (rocket stage) (page does not exist)">MSD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OIS_(rocket_stage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OIS (rocket stage) (page does not exist)">OIS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PTS_(rocket_stage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PTS (rocket stage) (page does not exist)">PTS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SGS_(rocket_stage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SGS (rocket stage) (page does not exist)">SGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_(rocket_stage)" title="Star (rocket stage)">Star</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SVS_(rocket_stage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SVS (rocket stage) (page does not exist)">SVS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trident_(rocket_stage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trident (rocket stage) (page does not exist)">Trident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AJ10" title="AJ10">AJ-10</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">B-8048</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">B-8081</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">B-8096</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR-89" class="mw-redirect" title="LR-89">LR-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR-105" class="mw-redirect" title="LR-105">LR-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-4D" title="R-4D">R-4D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-180" title="RD-180">RD-180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RL10" title="RL10">RL10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-56" title="RS-56">RS-56</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Manufacturers" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rocket</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convair" title="Convair">Convair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics" title="General Dynamics">General Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Marietta" title="Martin Marietta">Martin Marietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerojet" title="Aerojet">Aerojet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPO_Energomash" title="NPO Energomash">NPO Energomash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney" title="Pratt & Whitney">Pratt & Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocketdyne" title="Rocketdyne">Rocketdyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiokol" title="Thiokol">Thiokol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Launch_service_provider" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch service provider">LSPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Launch_Services" title="International Launch Services">International Launch Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Launch_Alliance" title="United Launch Alliance">United Launch Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlas_launches" title="List of Atlas launches">Launches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlas_launches_(1957%E2%80%931959)" title="List of Atlas launches (1957–1959)">1957–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlas_launches_(1960%E2%80%931969)" title="List of Atlas launches (1960–1969)">1960–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlas_launches_(1970%E2%80%931979)" title="List of Atlas launches (1970–1979)">1970–1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlas_launches_(1980%E2%80%931989)" title="List of Atlas launches (1980–1989)">1980–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlas_launches_(1990%E2%80%931999)" title="List of Atlas launches (1990–1999)">1990–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlas_launches_(2000%E2%80%932009)" title="List of Atlas launches (2000–2009)">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlas_launches_(2010%E2%80%932019)" title="List of Atlas launches (2010–2019)">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlas_launches_(2020%E2%80%932029)" title="List of Atlas launches (2020–2029)">2020–2029</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Titan_rockets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Titan_rockets" title="Template:Titan rockets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Titan_rockets" title="Template talk:Titan rockets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Titan_rockets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Titan rockets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Titan_rockets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Titan rockets</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(rocket_family)" title="Titan (rocket family)">Titan family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-68_Titan" title="SM-68 Titan">SM-68 Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Titan_launches" title="List of Titan launches">Launches</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Titan_IVB_launching_Lacrosse_satellite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Titan_IVB_launching_Lacrosse_satellite.jpg/180px-Titan_IVB_launching_Lacrosse_satellite.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Titan_IVB_launching_Lacrosse_satellite.jpg/270px-Titan_IVB_launching_Lacrosse_satellite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Titan_IVB_launching_Lacrosse_satellite.jpg/360px-Titan_IVB_launching_Lacrosse_satellite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="1275" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HGM-25A_Titan_I" title="HGM-25A Titan I">HGM-25A Titan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGM-25C_Titan_II" title="LGM-25C Titan II">LGM-25C Titan II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titan_II_GLV" title="Titan II GLV">Titan II GLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIA" title="Titan IIIA">Titan IIIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIB" title="Titan IIIB">Titan IIIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIC" title="Titan IIIC">Titan IIIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIID" title="Titan IIID">Titan IIID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIE" title="Titan IIIE">Titan IIIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_34D" title="Titan 34D">Titan 34D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_23G" title="Titan 23G">Titan 23G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Titan_III" title="Commercial Titan III">Commercial Titan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IV" title="Titan IV">Titan IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unbuilt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ares_(missile)" title="Ares (missile)">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titan-Vanguard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titan-Vanguard (page does not exist)">Titan-Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titan-C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titan-C (page does not exist)">Titan-C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titan_IIB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titan IIB (page does not exist)">Titan IIB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titan_IIL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titan IIL (page does not exist)">Titan IIL</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titan_IIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titan IIS (page does not exist)">Titan IIS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soltan_(rocket)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soltan (rocket) (page does not exist)">Soltan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titan_IIIL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titan IIIL (page does not exist)">Titan IIIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIM" title="Titan IIIM">Titan IIIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan V">Titan V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station">Cape Canaveral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Launch_Complex_15" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 15">LC-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Launch_Complex_16" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 16">LC-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Launch_Complex_19" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 19">LC-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Launch_Complex_20" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 20">LC-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_40" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 40">(S)LC-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_41" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41">(S)LC-41</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base">Vandenberg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_AFB_Operational_Silo_Test_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg AFB Operational Silo Test Facility">OSTF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vandenberg_AFB_Silo_Lift_Test_Facility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vandenberg AFB Silo Lift Test Facility (page does not exist)">SLTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_AFB_Launch_Complex_395" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg AFB Launch Complex 395">LC-395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_AFB_Space_Launch_Complex_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 4">SLC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_AFB_Space_Launch_Complex_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 6">SLC-6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grant_County_International_Airport" title="Grant County International Airport">Larson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Home_Air_Force_Base" title="Mountain Home Air Force Base">Mountain Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beale_Air_Force_Base" title="Beale Air Force Base">Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Air_Force_Base" title="Ellsworth Air Force Base">Ellsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowry_Air_Force_Base" title="Lowry Air Force Base">Lowry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis%E2%80%93Monthan_Air_Force_Base" title="Davis–Monthan Air Force Base">Davis-Monthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McConnell_Air_Force_Base" title="McConnell Air Force Base">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Air_Force_Base" title="Little Rock Air Force Base">Little Rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boosters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UA120" title="UA120">UA1205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UA120" title="UA120">UA1206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UA120" title="UA120">UA1207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Rocket_Motor_Upgrade" title="Solid Rocket Motor Upgrade">SRMU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper stages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">Agena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(rocket_stage)" title="Centaur (rocket stage)">Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_Upper_Stage" title="Inertial Upper Stage">IUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star-37" class="mw-redirect" title="Star-37">Star-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_Orbit_Stage" title="Transfer Orbit Stage">TOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtage" title="Transtage">Transtage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AJ-10" class="mw-redirect" title="AJ-10">AJ-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Model_8096" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Model 8096">B-8096</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbus_6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbus 6 (page does not exist)">Orbus 6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbus_21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbus 21 (page does not exist)">Orbus 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR-87" class="mw-redirect" title="LR-87">LR-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR-91" class="mw-redirect" title="LR-91">LR-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RL10" title="RL10">RL10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rocket</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_L._Martin_Company" title="Glenn L. Martin Company">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerojet" title="Aerojet">Aerojet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney" title="Pratt & Whitney">Pratt & Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiokol" title="Thiokol">Thiokol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XLR81&oldid=1234556010">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XLR81&oldid=1234556010</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rocket_engines_using_hypergolic_propellant" title="Category:Rocket engines using hypergolic propellant">Rocket engines using hypergolic propellant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rocket_engines_using_the_gas-generator_cycle" title="Category:Rocket engines using the gas-generator cycle">Rocket engines using the gas-generator cycle</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 July 2024, at 23:50<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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