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href="#Regency_of_Marie_de'_Medici,_1610–1617"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Regency of Marie de' Medici, 1610–1617</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regency_of_Marie_de'_Medici,_1610–1617-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ascendancy_of_Charles_de_Luynes,_1617–1621" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ascendancy_of_Charles_de_Luynes,_1617–1621"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ascendancy of Charles de Luynes, 1617–1621</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ascendancy_of_Charles_de_Luynes,_1617–1621-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rule_by_council,_1622–1624" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rule_by_council,_1622–1624"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rule by council, 1622–1624</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rule_by_council,_1622–1624-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ministry_of_Cardinal_Richelieu,_1624–1642" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ministry_of_Cardinal_Richelieu,_1624–1642"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ministry of Cardinal Richelieu, 1624–1642</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ministry_of_Cardinal_Richelieu,_1624–1642-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion_overseas_under_Louis_XIII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion_overseas_under_Louis_XIII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Expansion overseas under Louis XIII</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Expansion_overseas_under_Louis_XIII-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Expansion overseas under Louis XIII subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Expansion_overseas_under_Louis_XIII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Morocco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morocco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Morocco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morocco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antipathy_with_brother" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antipathy_with_brother"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Antipathy with brother</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antipathy_with_brother-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composer_and_lute_player" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composer_and_lute_player"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Composer and lute player</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composer_and_lute_player-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_men's_fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_men's_fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Influence on men's fashion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_men's_fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_fiction_and_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_fiction_and_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>In fiction and film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_fiction_and_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Ancestors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Explanatory_footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.1</span> <span>Explanatory footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Louis XIII</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodewyk_XIII_van_Frankryk" title="Lodewyk XIII van Frankryk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lodewyk XIII van Frankryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/13%E1%8A%9B_%E1%88%89%E1%8B%8A" title="13ኛ ሉዊ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="13ኛ ሉዊ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="لويس الثالث عشر ملك فرنسا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لويس الثالث عشر ملك فرنسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_XIII_de_Francia" title="Loís XIII de Francia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Loís XIII de Francia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII_L%C3%BCdovik" title="XIII Lüdovik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="XIII Lüdovik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%92%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%86%DA%86%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="اوْن‌اۆچونجو لوئی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوْن‌اۆچونجو لوئی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_13-s%C3%A8" title="Louis 13-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Louis 13-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA_XIII" title="Людовік XIII – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Людовік XIII" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_XIII" title="Луи XIII – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Луи XIII" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luj_XIII,_kralj_Francuske" title="Luj XIII, kralj Francuske – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Luj XIII, kralj Francuske" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loeiz_XIII_(Bro-C%27hall)" title="Loeiz XIII (Bro-C'hall) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Loeiz XIII (Bro-C'hall)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llu%C3%ADs_XIII_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Lluís XIII de França – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lluís XIII de França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA_XIII" title="Людовик XIII – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Людовик XIII" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludv%C3%ADk_XIII." title="Ludvík XIII. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ludvík XIII." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII,_brenin_Ffrainc" title="Louis XIII, brenin Ffrainc – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Louis XIII, brenin Ffrainc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_13._af_Frankrig" title="Ludvig 13. af Frankrig – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ludvig 13. af Frankrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_XIII." title="Ludwig XIII. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ludwig XIII." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Louis XIII" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%99%CE%93%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Λουδοβίκος ΙΓ΄ της Γαλλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λουδοβίκος ΙΓ΄ της Γαλλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_XIII_de_Francia" title="Luis XIII de Francia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Luis XIII de Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludoviko_la_13-a_(Francio)" title="Ludoviko la 13-a (Francio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ludoviko la 13-a (Francio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_XIII.a_Frantziakoa" title="Luis XIII.a Frantziakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Luis XIII.a Frantziakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85" title="لوئی سیزدهم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوئی سیزدهم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Louis XIII" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadewyk_XIII_fan_Frankryk" title="Loadewyk XIII fan Frankryk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Loadewyk XIII fan Frankryk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII_na_Fraince" title="Louis XIII na Fraince – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Louis XIII na Fraince" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lois_XIII_de_Francia" title="Lois XIII de Francia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lois XIII de Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4_13%EC%84%B8" title="루이 13세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루이 13세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BD_XIII_%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Լյուդովիկոս XIII Արդար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լյուդովիկոս XIII Արդար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luj_XIII.,_kralj_Francuske" title="Luj XIII., kralj Francuske – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Luj XIII., kralj Francuske" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_la_13ma_di_Francia" title="Louis la 13ma di Francia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Louis la 13ma di Francia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII_dari_Prancis" title="Louis XIII dari Prancis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Louis XIII dari Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovico_XIII_de_Francia" title="Ludovico XIII de Francia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ludovico XIII de Francia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C3%B0v%C3%ADk_13." title="Loðvík 13. – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Loðvík 13." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_XIII_di_Francia" title="Luigi XIII di Francia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Luigi XIII di Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A8,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="לואי השלושה עשר, מלך צרפת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לואי השלושה עשר, מלך צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII_saking_Prancis" title="Louis XIII saking Prancis – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Louis XIII saking Prancis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98_XIII" title="ლუი XIII – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუი XIII" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8" title="XIII Луи – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="XIII Луи" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII_(gazik_ke_Franca)" title="Louis XIII (gazik ke Franca) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Louis XIII (gazik ke Franca)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovicus_XIII" title="Ludovicus XIII – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ludovicus XIII" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luijs_XIII" title="Luijs XIII – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Luijs XIII" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII._vu_Frankr%C3%A4ich" title="Louis XIII. vu Frankräich – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Louis XIII. vu Frankräich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liudvikas_XIII" title="Liudvikas XIII – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liudvikas XIII" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewie_XIII_vaan_Frankriek" title="Lewie XIII vaan Frankriek – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lewie XIII vaan Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII._Lajos_francia_kir%C3%A1ly" title="XIII. Lajos francia király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="XIII. Lajos francia király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%98_XIII" title="Луј XIII – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Луј XIII" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88" title="फ्रान्सचा तेरावा लुई – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रान्सचा तेरावा लुई" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="لويس التالتاشر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لويس التالتاشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodewijk_XIII_van_Frankrijk" title="Lodewijk XIII van Frankrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lodewijk XIII van Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A413%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E7%8E%8B)" title="ルイ13世 (フランス王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルイ13世 (フランス王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigge_XIII_%27e_Franza" title="Luigge XIII 'e Franza – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Luigge XIII 'e Franza" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA_XIII" title="Людовик XIII – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Людовик XIII" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_XIII_av_Frankrike" title="Ludvig XIII av Frankrike – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ludvig XIII av Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_XIII_av_Frankrike" title="Ludvig XIII av Frankrike – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ludvig XIII av Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_XIII_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Loís XIII de França – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Loís XIII de França" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Louis XIII" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_XIII_%C3%ABd_Fransa" title="Luis XIII ëd Fransa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Luis XIII ëd Fransa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwik_XIII" title="Ludwik XIII – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ludwik XIII" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_XIII_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Luís XIII de França – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Luís XIII de França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovic_al_XIII-lea_al_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Ludovic al XIII-lea al Franței – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ludovic al XIII-lea al Franței" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA_XIII" title="Людовик XIII – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Людовик XIII" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII_o_Fraunce" title="Louis XIII o Fraunce – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Louis XIII o Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Louis XIII" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BDudov%C3%ADt_XIII." title="Ľudovít XIII. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ľudovít XIII." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvik_XIII._Francoski" title="Ludvik XIII. Francoski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ludvik XIII. Francoski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8E%D8%B2%D8%AF%DB%95%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85" title="لویسی سێزدەھەم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لویسی سێزدەھەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%98_XIII" title="Луј XIII – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Луј XIII" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII_od_Francuske" title="Louis XIII od Francuske – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Louis XIII od Francuske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_XIII" title="Ludvig XIII – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ludvig XIII" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_XIII_av_Frankrike" title="Ludvig XIII av Frankrike – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ludvig XIII av Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII_ng_Pransiya" title="Louis XIII ng Pransiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Louis XIII ng Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwis_XIII" title="Lwis XIII – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lwis XIII" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8" title="XIII Луи – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="XIII Луи" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_13_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="พระเจ้าหลุยส์ที่ 13 แห่งฝรั่งเศส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าหลุยส์ที่ 13 แห่งฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII._Louis" title="XIII. Louis – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="XIII. Louis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA_XIII_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Людовик XIII Справедливий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Людовик XIII Справедливий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%AF%DB%81%D9%85" title="لوئی سیزدہم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لوئی سیزدہم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIII_c%E1%BB%A7a_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Louis XIII của Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Louis XIII của Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="路易十三 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="路易十三" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_13k_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Fr%C3%A1ns%C3%AC" title="Louis 13k ilẹ̀ Fránsì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Louis 13k ilẹ̀ Fránsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="路易十三 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="路易十三" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="路易十三 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="路易十三" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q737533#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King of France from 1610 to 1643</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the cognac, see <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_(cognac)" title="Louis XIII (cognac)">Louis XIII (cognac)</a>. For the architectural style, see <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_style" title="Louis XIII style">Louis XIII style</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Louis XIII</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Luis_XIII,_rey_de_Francia_(Philippe_de_Champaigne).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Louis XIII in his 34th year" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Luis_XIII%2C_rey_de_Francia_%28Philippe_de_Champaigne%29.jpg/220px-Luis_XIII%2C_rey_de_Francia_%28Philippe_de_Champaigne%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Luis_XIII%2C_rey_de_Francia_%28Philippe_de_Champaigne%29.jpg/330px-Luis_XIII%2C_rey_de_Francia_%28Philippe_de_Champaigne%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Luis_XIII%2C_rey_de_Francia_%28Philippe_de_Champaigne%29.jpg/440px-Luis_XIII%2C_rey_de_Francia_%28Philippe_de_Champaigne%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2330" data-file-height="2953" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Champaigne" title="Philippe de Champaigne">Philippe de Champaigne</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1635</span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">King of France</a> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal" class="noprint">(<a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_French_sovereign" title="Style of the French sovereign">more...</a>) </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">14 May 1610 – 14 May 1643</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_French_monarch" title="Coronation of the French monarch">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">17 October 1610<br /><a href="/wiki/Reims_Cathedral" title="Reims Cathedral">Reims Cathedral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a> (1610–1614)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_of_France" title="Chief minister of France">Chief ministers</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>See list</i></span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_d%27Albert,_duc_de_Luynes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes">Duke of Luynes</a><br />(1617–1621)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a><br />(1624–1642)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Cardinal Mazarin</a><br />(1642–1643)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">King of Navarre</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(as Louis II)</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">14 May 1610 – 20 October 1620</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry III</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1601-09-27</span>)</span>27 September 1601<br /><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Fontainebleau" class="mw-redirect" title="Château de Fontainebleau">Château de Fontainebleau</a>, Kingdom of France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">14 May 1643<span style="display:none">(1643-05-14)</span> (aged 41)<br /><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a>, Kingdom of France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data">19 May 1643<br /><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St_Denis" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of St Denis">Basilica of St Denis</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne of Austria</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="24 November 1615">1615</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_France" title="Catholic Church in France">Roman Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Louis_XIII_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louis XIII's signature"><img alt="Louis XIII's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Signature_of_Louis_XIII_of_France.svg/125px-Signature_of_Louis_XIII_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Signature_of_Louis_XIII_of_France.svg/188px-Signature_of_Louis_XIII_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Signature_of_Louis_XIII_of_France.svg/250px-Signature_of_Louis_XIII_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="285" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Louis XIII</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[lwi<span class="wrap"> </span>tʁɛz]</a></span>; sometimes called <b>the Just</b>; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was <a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">King of France</a> from 1610 until his death in 1643 and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">King of Navarre</a> (as <b>Louis II</b>) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown. </p><p>Shortly before his ninth birthday, Louis became king of France and Navarre after his father <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a> was assassinated. His mother, <a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a>, acted as regent during his minority. Mismanagement of the kingdom and ceaseless political intrigues by Marie and her Italian <a href="/wiki/Favourite" title="Favourite">favourites</a> led the young king to take power in 1617 by exiling his mother and executing her followers, including <a href="/wiki/Concino_Concini" title="Concino Concini">Concino Concini</a>, the most influential Italian at the French court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoote1989_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoote1989-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Louis XIII, taciturn and suspicious, relied heavily on his chief ministers, first <a href="/wiki/Charles_d%27Albert,_duc_de_Luynes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes">Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a>, to govern the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a>. The King and the Cardinal are remembered for establishing the <i><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie française">Académie française</a></i>, and ending the revolt of the <a href="/wiki/French_nobility" title="French nobility">French nobility</a>. They systematically destroyed the castles of defiant lords, and denounced the use of private violence (dueling, carrying weapons, and maintaining private armies). By the end of the 1620s, Richelieu had established "the royal monopoly of force" as the ruling doctrine.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The king's reign was also marked by the struggles against the <a href="/wiki/Huguenot_rebellions" title="Huguenot rebellions">Huguenots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburg Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_1601–1610"><span id="Early_life.2C_1601.E2.80.931610"></span>Early life, 1601–1610</h2></div> <p>Born at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Palace of Fontainebleau</a>, Louis XIII was the eldest child of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> and his second wife <a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a>. As son of the king, he was a <a href="/wiki/Fils_de_France" title="Fils de France">Fils de France</a> ("son of France"), and as the eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin of France</a>. His father Henry IV was the first French king of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a>, having succeeded his second cousin, <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III</a> (1574–1589), in application of <a href="/wiki/Salic_law" title="Salic law">Salic law</a>. Louis XIII's paternal grandparents were <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Bourbon,_duc_de_Vend%C3%B4me" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme">Antoine de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Albret" title="Jeanne d'Albret">Jeanne d'Albret</a>, Queen of Navarre. His maternal grandparents were <a href="/wiki/Francesco_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" title="Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany">Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eleonora_de%27_Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleonora de' Medici">Eleonora de' Medici</a>, his maternal aunt, was his <a href="/wiki/Godparent" title="Godparent">godmother</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a child, he was raised under the supervision of the royal governess <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_de_Montglat" title="Françoise de Montglat">Françoise de Montglat</a>. </p><p>The ambassador of King <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">James I of England</a> to the court of France, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Herbert,_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Cherbury" title="Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury">Sir Edward Herbert</a>, who presented his credentials to Louis XIII in 1619, remarked on Louis's extreme congenital speech impediment and his <a href="/wiki/Hyperdontia" title="Hyperdontia">double teeth</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...I presented to the King [Louis] a letter of credence from the King [James] my master: the King [Louis] assured me of a reciprocal affection to the King [James] my master, and of my particular welcome to his Court: his words were never many, as being so extream  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] a stutterer that he would sometimes hold his tongue out of his mouth a good while before he could speak so much as one word; he had besides a double row of teeth, and was observed seldom or never to spit or blow his nose, or to sweat much, 'tho he were very laborious, and almost indefatigable in his exercises of hunting and hawking, to which he was much addicted...<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regency_of_Marie_de'_Medici,_1610–1617"><span id="Regency_of_Marie_de.27_Medici.2C_1610.E2.80.931617"></span>Regency of Marie de' Medici, 1610–1617</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Dreizehn_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Louis_Dreizehn_France.jpg/170px-Louis_Dreizehn_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Louis_Dreizehn_France.jpg/255px-Louis_Dreizehn_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Louis_Dreizehn_France.jpg/340px-Louis_Dreizehn_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Louis XIII by <a href="/wiki/Frans_Pourbus_the_Younger" title="Frans Pourbus the Younger">Frans Pourbus the Younger</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1616</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Louis XIII ascended the throne in 1610 upon the assassination of his father, and his mother Marie de' Medici acted as his <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regent</a>. Although Louis XIII came of age at thirteen (1614), his mother did not give up her position as Regent until 1617, when he was 16. Marie maintained most of her husband's ministers, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Maximilien_de_B%C3%A9thune,_Duke_of_Sully" title="Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully">Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully</a>, who was unpopular in the country. She mainly relied on <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Neufville,_seigneur_de_Villeroy" title="Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy">Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy</a>, <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Br%C3%BBlart_de_Sillery" title="Noël Brûlart de Sillery">Noël Brûlart de Sillery</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Jeannin" title="Pierre Jeannin">Pierre Jeannin</a> for political advice. Marie pursued a moderate policy, confirming the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes" title="Edict of Nantes">Edict of Nantes</a>. She was not, however, able to prevent rebellion by nobles such as <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9_(1588%E2%80%931646)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri, Prince of Condé (1588–1646)">Henri, Prince of Condé (1588–1646)</a>, second in line to the throne after Marie's second surviving son <a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston, Duke of Orléans</a>. Condé squabbled with Marie in 1614, and briefly raised an army, but he found little support in the country, and Marie was able to raise her own army. Nevertheless, Marie agreed to call an <a href="/wiki/Estates_General_(France)" title="Estates General (France)">Estates General</a> assembly to address Condé's grievances. </p><p>The assembly of this Estates General was delayed until Louis XIII formally came of age on his thirteenth birthday. Although his coming-of-age formally ended Marie's Regency, she remained the <i>de facto</i> ruler of France. The Estates General accomplished little, spending its time discussing the relationship of France to the <a href="/wiki/Papacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Papacy">Papacy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Venality" title="Venality">venality</a> of offices, but reaching no resolutions. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:France_1643-A_Half_Louis_d%27Or.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/France_1643-A_Half_Louis_d%27Or.jpg/220px-France_1643-A_Half_Louis_d%27Or.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/France_1643-A_Half_Louis_d%27Or.jpg/330px-France_1643-A_Half_Louis_d%27Or.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/France_1643-A_Half_Louis_d%27Or.jpg/440px-France_1643-A_Half_Louis_d%27Or.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5791" data-file-height="2933" /></a><figcaption>Half Louis d'Or (1643) depicting Louis XIII</figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning in 1615, Marie came to rely increasingly on <a href="/wiki/Concino_Concini" title="Concino Concini">Concino Concini</a>, an Italian who assumed the role of her favourite, and was widely unpopular because he was a foreigner. This further antagonised Condé, who launched another rebellion in the early months of 1616. <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> leaders supported Condé's rebellion, which led the young Louis XIII to conclude that they would never be loyal subjects. Eventually, Condé and Queen Marie made peace with the ratification on 3 May of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Loudun" title="Treaty of Loudun">Treaty of Loudun</a>, which allowed Condé great power in government but did not remove Concini. However, on 1 September, after growing dissatisfaction from nobles due to Concini's position, Queen Marie, with Louis's help, imprisoned Condé to protect Concini, leading to renewed revolts against the Queen and Concini.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoote198986_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoote198986-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the meantime, Louis XIII decided, with the encouragement of <a href="/wiki/Charles_d%27Albert,_duc_de_Luynes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes">Charles d'Albert</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Falconer_of_France" title="Grand Falconer of France">Grand Falconer of France</a>) and other advisers, to break with his mother and to arrest Concini.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 April 1617, during the attempted arrest, Concini was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoote198992–94_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoote198992–94-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His widow <a href="/wiki/Leonora_Dori" title="Leonora Dori">Leonora Dori</a> Galigaï was tried for witchcraft, condemned, beheaded, and burned on 8 July 1617,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Marie was sent into exile in <a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoote1989100–101_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoote1989100–101-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, Louis conferred the title of <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Luynes" title="Duke of Luynes">Duke of Luynes</a> on Charles d'Albert.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKettering2008100–101_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKettering2008100–101-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ascendancy_of_Charles_de_Luynes,_1617–1621"><span id="Ascendancy_of_Charles_de_Luynes.2C_1617.E2.80.931621"></span>Ascendancy of Charles de Luynes, 1617–1621</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_XIII_on_Horseback._Circa_1615-1620_CE._Bronze,_from_France_(probably_Paris)._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Louis_XIII_on_Horseback._Circa_1615-1620_CE._Bronze%2C_from_France_%28probably_Paris%29._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg/220px-Louis_XIII_on_Horseback._Circa_1615-1620_CE._Bronze%2C_from_France_%28probably_Paris%29._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Louis_XIII_on_Horseback._Circa_1615-1620_CE._Bronze%2C_from_France_%28probably_Paris%29._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg/330px-Louis_XIII_on_Horseback._Circa_1615-1620_CE._Bronze%2C_from_France_%28probably_Paris%29._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Louis_XIII_on_Horseback._Circa_1615-1620_CE._Bronze%2C_from_France_%28probably_Paris%29._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg/440px-Louis_XIII_on_Horseback._Circa_1615-1620_CE._Bronze%2C_from_France_%28probably_Paris%29._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3957" data-file-height="4917" /></a><figcaption>Louis XIII on horseback, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1615–1620. <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a>, from France (probably Paris). <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Charles_d%27Albert,_duc_de_Luynes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes">Luynes</a> soon became as unpopular as Concini had been. Other nobles resented his monopolisation of the King. Luynes was seen as less competent than Henry IV's ministers, many now elderly or deceased, who had surrounded Marie de' Medici. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> broke out in 1618. The French court was initially unsure of which side to support. On the one hand, France's traditional rivalry with the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> argued in favour of intervening on behalf of the Protestant powers (and Louis's father Henry IV of France had once been a Huguenot leader). On the other hand, Louis XIII had a strict Catholic upbringing, and his natural inclination was to support the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>, the Habsburg <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a>. </p><p>The French nobles were further antagonised against Luynes by the 1618 revocation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Paulette_(tax)" title="Paulette (tax)">paulette tax</a></i> and by the sale of offices in 1620. From her exile in Blois, Marie de' Medici became the obvious rallying point for this discontent, and the Bishop of Luçon (who became <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a> in 1622) was allowed to act as her chief adviser, serving as a go-between Marie and the King. </p><p>French nobles launched a rebellion on 2 July 1620, but their forces were easily routed by royal forces at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Ponts-de-C%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Ponts-de-Cé (page does not exist)">Battle of Ponts-de-Cé</a> on 7 August 1620. Louis then launched an expedition against the Huguenots of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9arn" title="Béarn">Béarn</a> who had defied a number of royal decisions. This expedition managed to re-establish Catholicism as the official religion of Béarn. However, the Béarn expedition drove Huguenots in other provinces into a rebellion led by <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Duke_of_Rohan" title="Henri, Duke of Rohan">Henri, Duke of Rohan</a>. </p><p>In 1621 Louis XIII was formally reconciled with his mother. Luynes was appointed <a href="/wiki/Constable_of_France" title="Constable of France">Constable of France</a>, after which he and Louis set out to quell the Huguenot rebellion. The siege at the Huguenot stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Montauban" title="Montauban">Montauban</a> had to be abandoned after three months owing to the large number of royal troops who had succumbed to camp fever. One of the victims of camp fever was Luynes, who died in December 1621. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rule_by_council,_1622–1624"><span id="Rule_by_council.2C_1622.E2.80.931624"></span>Rule by council, 1622–1624</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis-XIII_by-Franz-II-Pourbus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Louis-XIII_by-Franz-II-Pourbus.jpg/220px-Louis-XIII_by-Franz-II-Pourbus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Louis-XIII_by-Franz-II-Pourbus.jpg/330px-Louis-XIII_by-Franz-II-Pourbus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Louis-XIII_by-Franz-II-Pourbus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Louis XIII, by <a href="/wiki/Frans_Pourbus_the_younger" class="mw-redirect" title="Frans Pourbus the younger">Frans Pourbus the younger</a> (1620)</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the death of Luynes, Louis determined that he would rule by council. His mother returned from exile and, in 1622, entered this council, where Condé recommended violent suppression of the Huguenots. The 1622 campaign, however, followed the pattern of the previous year: royal forces won some early victories, but were unable to complete a siege, this time at the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>. </p><p>The rebellion was ended by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Montpellier" title="Treaty of Montpellier">Treaty of Montpellier</a>, signed by Louis XIII and the Duke of Rohan in October 1622. The treaty confirmed the tenets of the Edict of Nantes: several Huguenot fortresses were to be razed, but the Huguenots retained control of Montauban and <a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a>. </p><p>Louis ultimately dismissed Noël Brûlart de Sillery and Pierre Brûlart in 1624 because of his displeasure with how they handled the diplomatic situation over the <a href="/wiki/Valtellina" title="Valtellina">Valtellina</a> with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Spain">Spain</a>. Valtellina was an area with Catholic inhabitants under the <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> of the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Three_Leagues" title="Three Leagues">Three Leagues</a>. It served as an important route to Italy for France and it provided an easy connection between the Spanish and the Holy Roman empires, especially in helping each other with armies if necessary. Spain was constantly interfering in the Valtellina, which angered Louis, as he wanted to hold possession of this strategically important passageway.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He therefore found a better servitor in his <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Finances" title="Superintendent of Finances">Superintendent of Finances</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_La_Vieuville" title="Charles de La Vieuville">Charles de La Vieuville</a>, who held similar views of Spain as the king, and who advised Louis to side with <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">the Dutch</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Compi%C3%A8gne_(1624)" title="Treaty of Compiègne (1624)">Treaty of Compiègne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, La Vieuville was dismissed by the middle of 1624, partly due to his bad behaviour (during his tenure as superintendent he was arrogant and incompetent) and because of a well-organized pamphlet campaign by <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a> against his council rival.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis needed a new chief advisor; Cardinal Richelieu would be that counsellor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ministry_of_Cardinal_Richelieu,_1624–1642"><span id="Ministry_of_Cardinal_Richelieu.2C_1624.E2.80.931642"></span>Ministry of Cardinal Richelieu, 1624–1642</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu#Chief_minister" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu § Chief minister</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_XIII_(crowned_by_victory).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Louis_XIII_%28crowned_by_victory%29.jpg/220px-Louis_XIII_%28crowned_by_victory%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Louis_XIII_%28crowned_by_victory%29.jpg/330px-Louis_XIII_%28crowned_by_victory%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Louis_XIII_%28crowned_by_victory%29.jpg/440px-Louis_XIII_%28crowned_by_victory%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption><i>Louis XIII Crowned by Victory (Siege of La Rochelle, 1628)</i>, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Champaigne" title="Philippe de Champaigne">Philippe de Champaigne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée du Louvre">musée du Louvre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cardinal Richelieu played a major role in Louis XIII's reign from 1624, determining France's direction over the course of the next eighteen years. As a result of Richelieu's work, Louis XIII became one of the first examples of an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarch</a>. Under Louis and Richelieu, the crown <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War#French_intervention_and_continued_Swedish_participation_(1635–1648)" title="Thirty Years' War">successfully intervened</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> against the Habsburgs, managed to keep the French nobility in line, and retracted the political and military privileges granted to the Huguenots by Henry IV (while maintaining their religious freedoms). Louis XIII successfully led the important <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_La_Rochelle" title="Siege of La Rochelle">Siege of La Rochelle</a>. In addition, Louis had the port of <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a> modernised, and he built a powerful navy. </p><p>Louis also worked to reverse the trend of promising French artists leaving for Italy to work and study. He commissioned the painters <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Poussin" title="Nicolas Poussin">Nicolas Poussin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Champaigne" title="Philippe de Champaigne">Philippe de Champaigne</a> to decorate the <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Palace" title="Louvre Palace">Louvre Palace</a>. In foreign matters, Louis organised the development and administration of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>, expanding its settlements westward along the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a> from <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a> to <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expansion_overseas_under_Louis_XIII">Expansion overseas under Louis XIII</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morocco">Morocco</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_XIII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Louis_XIII.jpg/220px-Louis_XIII.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Louis_XIII.jpg/330px-Louis_XIII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Louis_XIII.jpg/440px-Louis_XIII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1640" data-file-height="2027" /></a><figcaption>Louis XIII, by Peter Paul Rubens</figcaption></figure> <p>In order to continue the exploration efforts of his predecessor Henry IV, Louis XIII considered a colonial venture in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, and sent a fleet under <a href="/wiki/Isaac_de_Razilly" title="Isaac de Razilly">Isaac de Razilly</a> in 1619.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Razilly was able to explore the coast as far as <a href="/wiki/Mogador" class="mw-redirect" title="Mogador">Mogador</a>. In 1624 he was given charge of an embassy to the pirate harbour of <a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%A9" title="Salé">Salé</a> in Morocco, in order to solve the affair of the <a href="/wiki/Zaydani_Library" title="Zaydani Library">Zaydani Library</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mulay_Zidan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulay Zidan">Mulay Zidan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1630, Razilly was able to negotiate the purchase of French slaves from the Moroccans. He visited Morocco again in 1631, and helped negotiate the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Moroccan_Treaty_(1631)" title="Franco-Moroccan Treaty (1631)">Franco-Moroccan Treaty (1631)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The treaty gave France preferential treatment, known as <a href="/wiki/Capitulation_(surrender)" title="Capitulation (surrender)">capitulations</a>: preferential tariffs, the establishment of a consulate, and freedom of religion for French subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETapié1984[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidKPM3AAAAIAAJpgPA259_259]_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETapié1984[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidKPM3AAAAIAAJpgPA259_259]-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Americas_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="France–Americas relations">France–Americas relations</a></div> <p>Unlike other colonial powers, France, under the guidance of Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu, encouraged a peaceful coexistence in <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> between the natives and the colonists. Indians, converted to Catholicism, were considered as "natural Frenchmen" by the <a href="/wiki/Ordonnance" title="Ordonnance">Ordonnance</a> of 1627: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"The descendants of the French who are accustomed to this country [New France], together with all the Indians who will be brought to the knowledge of the faith and will profess it, shall be deemed and renowned natural Frenchmen, and as such may come to live in France when they want, and acquire, donate, and succeed and accept donations and legacies, just as true French subjects, without being required to take letters of declaration of naturalization."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a> was also developed under Louis XIII. In 1632, Isaac de Razilly became involved, at the request of Cardinal Richelieu, in the colonization of Acadia, by taking possession of <a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port-Royal</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Royal,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia">Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia</a>) and developing it into a French colony. The King gave Razilly the official title of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Acadian_governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Acadian governors">lieutenant-general for New France</a>. He took on military tasks such as taking control of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pentagouet" title="Fort Pentagouet">Fort Pentagouet</a> at <a href="/wiki/Castine,_Maine" title="Castine, Maine">Majabigwaduce</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Penobscot_Bay" title="Penobscot Bay">Penobscot Bay</a>, which had been given to France in an earlier Treaty, and to inform the English they were to vacate all lands north of Pemaquid. This resulted in all the French interests in Acadia being restored. In <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, the colony of <a href="/wiki/Equinoctial_France" title="Equinoctial France">Equinoctial France</a> was established in 1612, but only lasted 4 years until it was eliminated by the Portuguese. In 1642, Louis XIII authorised French subjects to engage in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a> provided those they enslaved were converted to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fleet_of_Montmorency_led_by_Augustin_de_Beaulieu_1619_1622.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Fleet_of_Montmorency_led_by_Augustin_de_Beaulieu_1619_1622.jpg/170px-Fleet_of_Montmorency_led_by_Augustin_de_Beaulieu_1619_1622.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Fleet_of_Montmorency_led_by_Augustin_de_Beaulieu_1619_1622.jpg/255px-Fleet_of_Montmorency_led_by_Augustin_de_Beaulieu_1619_1622.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Fleet_of_Montmorency_led_by_Augustin_de_Beaulieu_1619_1622.jpg/340px-Fleet_of_Montmorency_led_by_Augustin_de_Beaulieu_1619_1622.jpg 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="727" /></a><figcaption>"Fleet of Montmorency", led by <a href="/wiki/Augustin_de_Beaulieu" title="Augustin de Beaulieu">Augustin de Beaulieu</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a>, 1619–22</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/France-Japan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="France-Japan relations">France-Japan relations</a> started under Louis XIII in 1615 when <a href="/wiki/Hasekura_Tsunenaga" title="Hasekura Tsunenaga">Hasekura Tsunenaga</a>, a Japanese samurai and ambassador, sent to Rome by <a href="/wiki/Date_Masamune" title="Date Masamune">Date Masamune</a>, landed at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Tropez" title="Saint-Tropez">Saint-Tropez</a> for a few days. In 1636, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Courtet" title="Guillaume Courtet">Guillaume Courtet</a>, a French <a href="/wiki/Dominican_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican order">Dominican</a> priest, reciprocated when he set foot in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 1615, Marie de' Medici incorporated the merchants of Dieppe and other harbours to found the <a href="/wiki/Company_of_the_Moluccas" title="Company of the Moluccas">Company of the Moluccas</a>. In 1619, an armed expedition composed of three ships (275 crew, 106 cannon) and called the "Fleet of Montmorency" under General <a href="/wiki/Augustin_de_Beaulieu" title="Augustin de Beaulieu">Augustin de Beaulieu</a> was sent from Honfleur, to fight <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">the Dutch</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>. In 1624, with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Compiègne">Treaty of Compiègne</a>, Cardinal Richelieu obtained an agreement to halt the Dutch–French warfare in the Far East.<sup id="cite_ref-Lach_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lach-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antipathy_with_brother">Antipathy with brother</h2></div> <p>Twice the king's younger brother, Gaston, Duke of Orléans, had to leave France for conspiring against his government and for attempting to undermine the influence of his mother and Cardinal Richelieu. After waging an unsuccessful war in <a href="/wiki/Languedoc" title="Languedoc">Languedoc</a>, he took refuge in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>. In 1643, on the death of Louis XIII, Gaston became lieutenant-general of the kingdom and fought against Spain on the northern frontiers of France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage">Marriage</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_of_Austria_by_Rubens_(1622-1625,_Norton_Simon_Museum).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Anna_of_Austria_by_Rubens_%281622-1625%2C_Norton_Simon_Museum%29.jpg/170px-Anna_of_Austria_by_Rubens_%281622-1625%2C_Norton_Simon_Museum%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Anna_of_Austria_by_Rubens_%281622-1625%2C_Norton_Simon_Museum%29.jpg/255px-Anna_of_Austria_by_Rubens_%281622-1625%2C_Norton_Simon_Museum%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Anna_of_Austria_by_Rubens_%281622-1625%2C_Norton_Simon_Museum%29.jpg/340px-Anna_of_Austria_by_Rubens_%281622-1625%2C_Norton_Simon_Museum%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1602" data-file-height="1996" /></a><figcaption>Anne of Austria, Queen of France, wife of Louis XIII (by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a>, 1625)</figcaption></figure> <p>On 24 November 1615, Louis XIII married <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne of Austria</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III of Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleinman1985?_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleinman1985?-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple were second cousins, by mutual descent from <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor</a>. This marriage followed a tradition of cementing military and political alliances between the Catholic powers of France and Spain with royal marriages. The tradition went back to the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII of France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Castile" title="Constance of Castile">Constance of Castile</a>. The marriage was only briefly happy, and the King's duties often kept them apart. After 23 years of marriage and four stillbirths, Anne finally gave birth to a son on 5 September 1638, the future <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>. </p><p>Many people regarded this birth as a miracle and, in show of gratitude to God for the long-awaited birth of an heir, his parents named him Louis-<i>Dieudonné</i> ("God-given"). As another sign of gratitude, according to several interpretations, seven months before his birth, France was dedicated by Louis XIII to the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a>, who, many believed, had interceded for the perceived miracle.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the text of the dedication does not mention the royal pregnancy and birth as one of its reasons, and Louis XIII himself is said to have expressed his scepticism with regard to the miracle after his son's birth.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In gratitude for having successfully given birth, the queen founded the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> abbey of the <a href="/wiki/Val-de-Gr%C3%A2ce" title="Val-de-Grâce">Val-de-Grâce</a>, for which Louis XIV laid the cornerstone of its <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Val-de-Gr%C3%A2ce" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Val-de-Grâce">church</a>, an early masterpiece of French Baroque architecture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issue">Issue</h2></div> <p>The couple had the following offspring: </p> <table style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="20%">Name</th> <th width="100">Portrait</th> <th>Lifespan</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>stillborn child</td> <td></td> <td>Dec 1619</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>stillborn child</td> <td></td> <td>14 Mar 1622</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>stillborn child</td> <td></td> <td>1626</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>stillborn child</td> <td></td> <td>Apr 1631</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis-Dieudonné, Dauphin of France (later Louis XIV)</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LouisXIV-child.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/LouisXIV-child.jpg/100px-LouisXIV-child.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/LouisXIV-child.jpg/150px-LouisXIV-child.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/LouisXIV-child.jpg/200px-LouisXIV-child.jpg 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td>5 Sep 1638 – 1 Sep 1715</td> <td>Married <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Maria Theresa of Spain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">María Teresa de Austria</i>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche</i>) (1638–83) in 1660. Had issue. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe of France, Duke of Anjou (later Duke of Orléans)</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_young_King_Louis_XIV_of_France_(wearing_Fleur-de-lis)_sitting_on_a_throne_with_his_brother_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/A_young_King_Louis_XIV_of_France_%28wearing_Fleur-de-lis%29_sitting_on_a_throne_with_his_brother_Philippe%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/100px-A_young_King_Louis_XIV_of_France_%28wearing_Fleur-de-lis%29_sitting_on_a_throne_with_his_brother_Philippe%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/A_young_King_Louis_XIV_of_France_%28wearing_Fleur-de-lis%29_sitting_on_a_throne_with_his_brother_Philippe%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/150px-A_young_King_Louis_XIV_of_France_%28wearing_Fleur-de-lis%29_sitting_on_a_throne_with_his_brother_Philippe%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/A_young_King_Louis_XIV_of_France_%28wearing_Fleur-de-lis%29_sitting_on_a_throne_with_his_brother_Philippe%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/200px-A_young_King_Louis_XIV_of_France_%28wearing_Fleur-de-lis%29_sitting_on_a_throne_with_his_brother_Philippe%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="1513" /></a></span></td> <td>21 Sep 1640 – 8 Jun 1701</td> <td>Married (1) <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_of_England" title="Henrietta of England">Princess Henrietta of England</a> (1644–70) in 1661. Had issue. Married (2) <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte,_Madame_Palatine" title="Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine">Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine</a> (1652–1722) in 1671. Had issue. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> claimed in the second edition of <i>Questions sur l'Encyclopédie</i> (1771) that before Louis XIV was born, Louis XIII had an illegitimate son, who was jailed and his face hidden beneath an iron mask (see the <a href="/wiki/Man_in_the_Iron_Mask" title="Man in the Iron Mask">Man in the Iron Mask</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sexuality">Sexuality</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LouisXIII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/LouisXIII.jpg/220px-LouisXIII.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/LouisXIII.jpg/330px-LouisXIII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/LouisXIII.jpg/440px-LouisXIII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="1501" /></a><figcaption>Coronation portrait of Louis XIII by <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Champaigne" title="Philippe de Champaigne">Philippe de Champaigne</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There is no evidence that Louis kept mistresses (a distinction that earned him the title "Louis the <a href="/wiki/Chastity" title="Chastity">Chaste</a>"), but several reports suggest that he may have been homosexual. The prolonged temporal gap between the queen's pregnancies may have been a result of Louis XIII's aversion to heterosexual activity, a matter of great political consequence, since it took the couple more than 20 years of marriage before Louis XIV's birth.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His interests as a teenager were focused on male courtiers and he developed an intense emotional attachment to his favourite, <a href="/wiki/Charles_d%27Albert,_duc_de_Luynes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes">Charles d'Albert</a>, although some say there is no clear evidence of a sexual relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9d%C3%A9on_Tallemant_des_R%C3%A9aux" title="Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux">Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux</a>, drawing from rumours told to him by a critic of the King (the <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de_Vivonne,_marquise_de_Rambouillet" title="Catherine de Vivonne, marquise de Rambouillet">Marquise de Rambouillet</a>), explicitly speculated in his <i>Historiettes</i> about what happened in the king's bed. </p><p>A further <a href="/wiki/Affair" title="Affair">liaison</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Equerry" title="Equerry">equerry</a>, François de Baradas, ended when the latter lost favour fighting a duel after duelling had been forbidden by royal decree.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Louis was also captivated by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Coiffier_de_Ruz%C3%A9,_Marquis_of_Cinq-Mars" title="Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars">Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars</a>, 19 years his younger, who was later executed for conspiring with the Spanish enemy in time of war. Tallemant described how on a royal journey, the King "sent M. le Grand [de Cinq-Mars] to undress, who returned, adorned like a bride. 'To bed, to bed' he said to him impatiently... and the mignon was not in before the king was already kissing his hands. But he did not find that M. le Grand, whose heart was elsewhere, responded to his great ardour."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2></div><p> Louis XIII was unwell during the winter of 1642–1643. He managed a few hunting trips to Versailles, but by the middle of February was mostly bedridden. From contemporary descriptions, modern historians have surmised that he suffered from <a href="/wiki/Extrapulmonary_tuberculosis" title="Extrapulmonary tuberculosis">extrapulmonary tuberculosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleinman1985131_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleinman1985131-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 April his chief physician informed him that his illness would be fatal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleinman1985137_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleinman1985137-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in Paris on 14 May 1643, the 33rd anniversary of his father's death. According to his biographer A. Lloyd Moote, </p><blockquote><p>"his intestines were inflamed and ulcerated, making digestion virtually impossible; <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> had spread to his lungs, accompanied by habitual cough. Either of these major ailments, or the accumulation of minor problems, may have killed him, not to mention physiological weaknesses that made him prone to disease or his doctors' remedies of <a href="/wiki/Enemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Enemas">enemas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bloodletting" title="Bloodletting">bleedings</a>, which continued right to his death."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composer_and_lute_player">Composer and lute player</h2></div> <p>Louis XIII shared his mother's love of the <a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lute</a>, developed in her childhood in Florence. One of his first toys was a lute and his personal doctor, Jean Héroard, reports him playing it for his mother in 1604, at the age of three.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1635, Louis XIII composed the music, wrote the libretto and designed the costumes for the "<a href="/wiki/Ballet_de_la_Merlaison" title="Ballet de la Merlaison">Ballet de la Merlaison</a>." The king himself danced in two performances of the ballet the same year at Chantilly and Royaumont.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_on_men's_fashion"><span id="Influence_on_men.27s_fashion"></span>Influence on men's fashion</h2></div> <p>In the sphere of <a href="/wiki/1600%E2%80%931650_in_Western_European_fashion#Men's_fashions" class="mw-redirect" title="1600–1650 in Western European fashion">men's fashion</a>, Louis helped introduce the wearing of <a href="/wiki/Wig" title="Wig">wigs</a> among men in 1624.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This fashion spread in Europe and European-influenced countries <a href="/wiki/1650%E2%80%931700_in_Western_European_fashion#Men's_fashion" class="mw-redirect" title="1650–1700 in Western European fashion">in the 1660s</a> and was a dominant style among men for about 140 years, until the change of dress <a href="/wiki/1795%E2%80%931820_in_Western_fashion#Men's_fashion" title="1795–1820 in Western fashion">in the 1790s</a> effected by the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction_and_film">In fiction and film</h2></div> <ul><li>Louis XIII, his wife Anne, and Cardinal Richelieu became central figures in <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas,_p%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Dumas, père">Alexandre Dumas, <i>père</i></a>'s 1844 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers" title="The Three Musketeers">The Three Musketeers</a></i> and subsequent television and <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers_in_film" title="The Three Musketeers in film">film adaptations</a>. The book depicts Louis as a man willing to have Richelieu as a powerful advisor but aware of his scheming; he is portrayed as bored and sour, dwarfed by Richelieu's intellect. Films such as <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers_(1948_film)" title="The Three Musketeers (1948 film)">the 1948</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers_(1973_live-action_film)" title="The Three Musketeers (1973 live-action film)">the 1973</a> or <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers_(2011_film)" title="The Three Musketeers (2011 film)">the 2011</a> versions tend to treat Louis XIII as a comic character, depicting him as bumbling and incompetent. In the <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers_(1993_film)" title="The Three Musketeers (1993 film)">1993 film</a>, he is depicted as willing to stand up to Richelieu when necessary but still strongly influenced by him. He is also depicted as in love with his wife, Anne, but very nervous and unsure around her.</li> <li>The 2014 BBC TV series, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Musketeers" title="The Musketeers">The Musketeers</a></i>, merging the historical with the fictional, portrayed the King as both incompetent and strong, whose alliance with Spain is ever faltering. He is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Gage" title="Ryan Gage">Ryan Gage</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lubin" title="Arthur Lubin">Arthur Lubin</a> portrayed him in the 1926 film <i><a href="/wiki/Bardelys_the_Magnificent_(1926_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bardelys the Magnificent (1926 film)">Bardelys the Magnificent</a></i>.</li> <li>Louis XIII, his wife Anne, his younger brother Gaston, Cardinal Richelieu, Cardinal Mazarin and members of the Royal family are mentioned throughout the course of the <i><a href="/wiki/1632_series" title="1632 series">1632 series</a></i> of novels and other writings by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Flint" title="Eric Flint">Eric Flint</a> <i>et al.</i>, especially <i>1636: The Cardinal Virtues</i>.</li> <li>Louis XIII appears in novels of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Merle" title="Robert Merle">Robert Merle</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_de_France" title="Fortune de France">Fortune de France</a></i> series (1977–2003).</li> <li>Louis XIII was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Arnold_(actor)" title="Edward Arnold (actor)">Edward Arnold</a> in the 1935 film <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu_(film)" title="Cardinal Richelieu (film)"><i>Cardinal Richelieu</i></a>, with <a href="/wiki/George_Arliss" title="George Arliss">George Arliss</a> portraying the Cardinal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Russell" title="Ken Russell">Ken Russell</a> directed the 1971 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Devils_(film)" title="The Devils (film)">The Devils</a></i>, in which Louis XIII is a significant character, albeit one with no resemblance to the real man. Louis XIII is portrayed as an effeminate <a href="/wiki/Gay_men" title="Gay men">gay man</a> who amuses himself by shooting Protestants dressed up as birds. The film was based on <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>'s 1952 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Devils_of_Loudun" title="The Devils of Loudun">The Devils of Loudun</a></i>.</li> <li>Louis XIII appears in the 2002 <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> audio drama <i><a href="/wiki/The_Church_and_the_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="The Church and the Crown">The Church and the Crown</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestors">Ancestors</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Louis XIII</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Charles, Duke of Vendôme">Charles, Duke of Vendôme</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726328–329_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726328–329-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Antoine_of_Navarre" title="Antoine of Navarre">Antoine of Navarre</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_d%27Alen%C3%A7on" title="Françoise d'Alençon">Françoise of Alençon</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726328–329_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726328–329-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Navarre" title="Henry II of Navarre">Henry II of Navarre</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726211_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726211-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Albret" title="Jeanne d'Albret">Jeanne III of Navarre</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_Navarre" title="Marguerite de Navarre">Marguerite of Angoulême</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726211_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726211-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Louis XIII of France</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup id="cite_ref-Medici_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Medici-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Francesco_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup id="cite_ref-Frieda2006_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frieda2006-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Toledo" title="Eleanor of Toledo">Eleanor of Toledo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Medici_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Medici-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor</a><sup id="cite_ref-BLKO-Johanna_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLKO-Johanna-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" title="Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany">Joanna of Austria</a><sup id="cite_ref-Frieda2006_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frieda2006-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia_and_Hungary" title="Anne of Bohemia and Hungary">Anne of Bohemia and Hungary</a><sup id="cite_ref-BLKO-Johanna_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLKO-Johanna-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy_in_France" title="Absolute monarchy in France">Absolute monarchy in France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_de_Lorme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles de Lorme (page does not exist)">Charles de Lorme</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Lorme" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles de Lorme">fr</a>]</span>, personal medical doctor to Louis XIII</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_monarchs_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="French monarchs family tree">French monarchs family tree</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoote1989-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoote1989_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoote1989">Moote 1989</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTilly1985" class="citation book cs1">Tilly, Charles (1985). "War making and state making as organized crime". In Evans, P.B.; Rueschemeyer, D.; <a href="/wiki/Theda_Skocpol" title="Theda Skocpol">Skocpol, T.</a> (eds.). <i>Bringing the State Back In</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 174.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=War+making+and+state+making+as+organized+crime&rft.btitle=Bringing+the+State+Back+In&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Tilly&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answers.com/topic/louis-xiii-of-france">"Schneider, Robert A. <i>History 1450–1789: Louis XIII.</i>"</a>. Answers.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schneider%2C+Robert+A.+History+1450%E2%80%931789%3A+Louis+XIII.&rft.pub=Answers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.answers.com%2Ftopic%2Flouis-xiii-of-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJames1897">James 1897</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paintersandthei00ngoog/page/n430">421</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerbert_of_Cherbury1830">Herbert of Cherbury 1830</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9mALAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA116">116</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoote198986-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoote198986_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoote1989">Moote 1989</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKettering2008">Kettering 2008</a>, pp. 76–78. According to Moote, it is generally accepted that Louis XIII knew that Concini would be killed during the arrest (<a href="#CITEREFMoote1989">Moote 1989</a>, p. 94).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoote198992–94-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoote198992–94_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoote1989">Moote 1989</a>, pp. 92–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Concino-Concini-Marquis-dAncre">"Concini, Concino"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> online.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoote1989100–101-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoote1989100–101_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoote1989">Moote 1989</a>, pp. 100–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKettering2008100–101-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKettering2008100–101_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKettering2008">Kettering 2008</a>, pp. 100–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoote1989">Moote 1989</a>, p. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoote1989">Moote 1989</a>, p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><i>Round table of Franciscan research</i>. Vol. 17, 18. Capuchin Seminary of St. Anthony. 1952. <q>The narrative really begins in 1619, when the adventurer, Admiral S. John de Razilly, resolved to go to Africa. France had no colony in Morocco; hence, King Louis XIII gave whole-hearted support to de Razilly.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Round+table+of+Franciscan+research&rft.pub=Capuchin+Seminary+of+St.+Anthony&rft.date=1952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubéRapley2005" class="citation book cs1">Dubé, Jean-Claude; Rapley, Elizabeth (2005). <i>The Chevalier de Montmagny (1601–1657): First Governor of New France</i>. University of Ottawa Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chevalierdemontm0000dube/page/111">111</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7766-0559-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7766-0559-3"><bdi>978-0-7766-0559-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chevalier+de+Montmagny+%281601%E2%80%931657%29%3A+First+Governor+of+New+France&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=University+of+Ottawa+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7766-0559-3&rft.aulast=Dub%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rft.au=Rapley%2C+Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía-ArenalWiegers2003" class="citation book cs1">García-Arenal, Mercedes; Wiegers, Gerard Albert (2003). <i>A Man of Three Worlds: Samuel Pallache, a Moroccan Jew in Catholic and Protestant Europe</i>. Translated by Beagles, Martin. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QbZRl9DMIPMC&pg=PA114">114</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7225-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7225-9"><bdi>978-0-8018-7225-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7871017M">7871017M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Man+of+Three+Worlds%3A+Samuel+Pallache%2C+a+Moroccan+Jew+in+Catholic+and+Protestant+Europe&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL7871017M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-7225-9&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa-Arenal&rft.aufirst=Mercedes&rft.au=Wiegers%2C+Gerard+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETapié1984[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidKPM3AAAAIAAJpgPA259_259]-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETapié1984[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidKPM3AAAAIAAJpgPA259_259]_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTapié1984">Tapié 1984</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KPM3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA259">259</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://notrehistoire.net/textes_histoire_droit/CN_Memoire.pdf">Acte pour l'établissement de la Compagnie des Cent Associés pour le commerce du Canada, contenant les articles accordés à la dite Compagnie par M. le Cardinal de Richelieu, le 29 avril 1627 </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.projectmanifest.eu/french-ports-and-the-development-of-the-plantation-economy-and-the-trade-of-enslaved-people-manifest/#:~:text=In%201642%2C%20Louis%20XIII%20authorized,captives%20were%20converted%20to%20Christianity">"French ports and the development of the plantation economy and the trade of enslaved people (EN, FR)"</a>. 13 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=French+ports+and+the+development+of+the+plantation+economy+and+the+trade+of+enslaved+people+%28EN%2C+FR%29&rft.date=2022-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.projectmanifest.eu%2Ffrench-ports-and-the-development-of-the-plantation-economy-and-the-trade-of-enslaved-people-manifest%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DIn%25201642%252C%2520Louis%2520XIII%2520authorized%2Ccaptives%2520were%2520converted%2520to%2520Christianity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Butler's Lives of the Saints</i> by Alban Butler, Paul Burns, p. 259</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lach-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lach_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLach1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_F._Lach" title="Donald F. Lach">Lach, Donald F.</a> (15 December 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PjVKjJ-WgOYC&pg=PA94"><i>Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance</i></a>. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. pp. 93–94, 398. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226467658" title="Special:BookSources/9780226467658"><bdi>9780226467658</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+in+the+Making+of+Europe%2C+Volume+III%3A+A+Century+of+Advance&rft.pages=93-94%2C+398&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1998-12-15&rft.isbn=9780226467658&rft.aulast=Lach&rft.aufirst=Donald+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPjVKjJ-WgOYC%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleinman1985?-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleinman1985?_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKleinman1985">Kleinman 1985</a>, p. ?.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014072153/http://www.nd-de-graces.com/history/brother_fiacre.htm">"Apparition story of the Virgin Mary in Cotignac (Var, Provence)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nd-de-graces.com/history/brother_fiacre.htm">the original</a> on 14 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apparition+story+of+the+Virgin+Mary+in+Cotignac+%28Var%2C+Provence%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nd-de-graces.com%2Fhistory%2Fbrother_fiacre.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span> Our Lady of Graces and the birth of Louis XIV, The website of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nd-de-graces.com/accueil.php">Sanctuary of Our Lady at Cotignac, Provence</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513203930/http://www.nd-de-graces.com/accueil.php">Archived</a> 13 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 24 January 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrémond1908">Brémond 1908</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/laprovencemysti00bremgoog/page/n415">381</a> "Sans l'assurance d'avoir un fils, Louis XIII n'aurait pas fait le voeu de 1638." Translation: "Without the assurance of having a son, Louis XIII would not have made the vow of 1638."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028021603/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572792/Louis_XIV.html"><i>Louis XIV</i></a>. MSN Encarta. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572792/Louis_XIV.html">the original</a> on 28 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis+XIV&rft.pub=MSN+Encarta&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761572792%2FLouis_XIV.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Dulong" title="Claude Dulong">Dulong, Claude</a>, <i>Anne d’Autriche</i>. Paris: Hachette, 1980. "Irrité de voir tant de courtisans parler de "miracle", Louis XIII aurait répliqué que "ce n'était point là si grand miracle qu'un mari couchât avec sa femme et lui fasse un enfant." Translation: "Irritated to see so many courtiers speak of a 'miracle', Louis XIII is said to have replied: 'it was not such a great miracle that a husband slept with his wife and made a child with her'."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Baptiste_Wolf1968" class="citation book cs1">John Baptiste Wolf (1968). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/louisxiv00wolf"><i>Louis XIV</i></a></span>. Norton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis+XIV&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1968&rft.au=John+Baptiste+Wolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flouisxiv00wolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoote1989">Moote 1989</a>, p. 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrompton2006">Crompton 2006</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TfBYd9xVaXcC&pg=PA338">338</a> The grandson of Henry III, Saint-Luc, penned the irreverent rhyme: "Become a bugger, Baradas / if you are not already one / like Maugiron my grandfather / and La Valette".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrompton2006">Crompton 2006</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TfBYd9xVaXcC&pg=PA338">338</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleinman1985131-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleinman1985131_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKleinman1985">Kleinman 1985</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleinman1985137-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleinman1985137_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKleinman1985">Kleinman 1985</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoote1989">Moote 1989</a>, p. 292</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classiquenews.com/interview-with-miguel-yisrael-lutenist-about-the-lute-in-france-in-the-17th-century/">"INTERVIEW with Miguel Yisrael, lutenist, about the lute in France in the 17th century"</a>. <i>classiquenews.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=classiquenews.com&rft.atitle=INTERVIEW+with+Miguel+Yisrael%2C+lutenist%2C+about+the+lute+in+France+in+the+17th+century&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classiquenews.com%2Finterview-with-miguel-yisrael-lutenist-about-the-lute-in-france-in-the-17th-century%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141226160511/http://www.cnd.fr/agenda/214443/le-ballet-de-la-merlaison/">"CND - Centre National de la Danse"</a>. <i>cnd.fr</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnd.fr/agenda/214443/le-ballet-de-la-merlaison/">the original</a> on 26 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnd.fr&rft.atitle=CND+-+Centre+National+de+la+Danse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnd.fr%2Fagenda%2F214443%2Fle-ballet-de-la-merlaison%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStenn2016" class="citation web cs1">Stenn, Kurt (13 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/161907">"Everything Has a History Including Wigs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Columbian_College_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Columbian College of Arts and Sciences">Columbian College of Arts and Sciences</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Columbian+College+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.atitle=Everything+Has+a+History+Including+Wigs&rft.date=2016-03-13&rft.aulast=Stenn&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistorynewsnetwork.org%2Farticle%2F161907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randomhistory.com/2009/02/24_wigs.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Horrid Bushes of Vanity": A History of Wigs"</a>. Randomhistory.com. 24 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Horrid+Bushes+of+Vanity%22%3A+A+History+of+Wigs&rft.pub=Randomhistory.com&rft.date=2009-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randomhistory.com%2F2009%2F02%2F24_wigs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnselme1726">Anselme 1726</a>, pp. 143–144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frieda2006-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frieda2006_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frieda2006_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonie_Frieda2006" class="citation book cs1">Leonie Frieda (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cPbRwMidibEC&pg=PA386"><i>Catherine de Medici: Renaissance Queen of France</i></a>. HarperCollins. p. 386. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-074493-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-074493-9"><bdi>978-0-06-074493-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catherine+de+Medici%3A+Renaissance+Queen+of+France&rft.pages=386&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-06-074493-9&rft.au=Leonie+Frieda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcPbRwMidibEC%26pg%3DPA386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726328–329-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726328–329_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726328–329_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnselme1726">Anselme 1726</a>, pp. 328–329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726211-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726211_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726211_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnselme1726">Anselme 1726</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Medici-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Medici_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Medici_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060115213538/http://www.medici.org/general/PhotoEssay.pdf">"The Medici Granducal Archive and the Medici Archive Project"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medici.org/general/PhotoEssay.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 January 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Medici+Granducal+Archive+and+the+Medici+Archive+Project&rft.pages=12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medici.org%2Fgeneral%2FPhotoEssay.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BLKO-Johanna-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BLKO-Johanna_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BLKO-Johanna_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWurzbach1860" class="citation cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_von_Wurzbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantin von Wurzbach">Wurzbach, Constantin von</a>, ed. (1860). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:de:BLKÖ:Habsburg, Johanna von Oesterreich (Tochter des Kaisers Ferdinand I.)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/de:BLK%C3%96:Habsburg,_Johanna_von_Oesterreich_(Tochter_des_Kaisers_Ferdinand_I.)">"Habsburg, Johanna von Oesterreich (Tochter des Kaisers Ferdinand I.)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographisches_Lexikon_des_Kaiserthums_Oesterreich" title="Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich">Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich</a></i> [<i>Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire</i>] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 290 – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Habsburg%2C+Johanna+von+Oesterreich+%28Tochter+des+Kaisers+Ferdinand+I.%29&rft.btitle=Biographisches+Lexikon+des+Kaiserthums+Oesterreich&rft.pages=290&rft.date=1860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_footnotes">Explanatory footnotes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In these years the French kingdom was literally surrounded by the Habsburg realms, for the Habsburgs were Kings of Spain as well as Holy Roman Emperors. In addition, the Spanish and Holy Roman empires included the territories of today's Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, and northern Italy.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnselme1726" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Père (1726). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k76026j"><i>Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France</i></a> [<i>Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France</i>] (in French). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique+et+chronologique+de+la+maison+royale+de+France&rft.place=Paris&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=La+compagnie+des+libraires&rft.date=1726&rft.aulast=Anselme+de+Sainte-Marie&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A8re&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k76026j&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrémond1908" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Br%C3%A9mond" title="Henri Brémond">Brémond, Henri</a> (1908), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yWsrAAAAYAAJ"><i>La Provence mystique au XVIIe siècle</i></a>, Paris: Plon-Nourri</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Provence+mystique+au+XVIIe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Plon-Nourri&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Br%C3%A9mond&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyWsrAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrompton2006" class="citation cs2">Crompton, Louis (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TfBYd9xVaXcC"><i>Homosexuality & Civilization</i></a>, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02233-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02233-1"><bdi>978-0-674-02233-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homosexuality+%26+Civilization&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02233-1&rft.aulast=Crompton&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTfBYd9xVaXcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Dulong" title="Claude Dulong">Dulong, Claude</a>, <i>Anne d’Autriche</i>. Paris: Hachette, 1980</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbert_of_Cherbury1830" class="citation book cs1">Herbert of Cherbury, Edward (1830). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9mALAAAAYAAJ"><i>The life of Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury</i></a>. Whittaker, Treacher, and Arnot.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+life+of+Edward%2C+Lord+Herbert+of+Cherbury&rft.pub=Whittaker%2C+Treacher%2C+and+Arnot&rft.date=1830&rft.aulast=Herbert+of+Cherbury&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9mALAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1897" class="citation cs2">James, Ralph N. (1897), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LoSQhHjfwpoC"><i>Painters and Their Works</i></a>, L.U. Gill</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Painters+and+Their+Works&rft.pub=L.U.+Gill&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Ralph+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLoSQhHjfwpoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKettering2008" class="citation book cs1">Kettering, Sharon (2008). <i>Power and Reputation at the Court of Louis XIII: The Career of Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes (1578–1621)</i>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719089985" title="Special:BookSources/9780719089985"><bdi>9780719089985</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+and+Reputation+at+the+Court+of+Louis+XIII%3A+The+Career+of+Charles+d%27Albert%2C+duc+de+Luynes+%281578%E2%80%931621%29&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780719089985&rft.aulast=Kettering&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFKleinman1985">Kleinman, Ruth (1985). <i>Anne of Austria: Queen of France</i>. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814204290" title="Special:BookSources/9780814204290">9780814204290</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoote1989" class="citation book cs1">Moote, A. Lloyd (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ya0wDwAAQBAJ"><i>Louis XIII, the Just</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520075467" title="Special:BookSources/9780520075467"><bdi>9780520075467</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis+XIII%2C+the+Just&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780520075467&rft.aulast=Moote&rft.aufirst=A.+Lloyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dya0wDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTapié1984" class="citation book cs1">Tapié, Victor L. (1984). <i>France in the Age of Louis XIII and Richelieu</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-5212-6924-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-5212-6924-7"><bdi>978-0-5212-6924-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10185508">10185508</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL3181429M">3181429M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France+in+the+Age+of+Louis+XIII+and+Richelieu&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10185508&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL3181429M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-5212-6924-7&rft.aulast=Tapi%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Victor+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+XIII" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Blanchard, Jean-Vincent. <i>Éminence: Cardinal Richelieu and the Rise of France</i> (2011) New York: Walker & Company. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8027-1704-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8027-1704-7">978-0-8027-1704-7</a></li> <li>Hayden, J. Michael. "Continuity in the France of Henry IV and Louis XIII: French foreign policy, 1598–1615." <i> Journal of modern history</i> 45.1 (1973): 1–23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1877591online">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Howell" title="James Howell">Howell, James</a> "Louis XIII" English historiographer Royal 1661–1666</li> <li>Huxley, Aldous. "The Devils of Loudun" (1952). The trial of <a href="/wiki/Urbain_Grandier" title="Urbain Grandier">Urbain Grandier</a>, priest of the town who was tortured and burned at the stake in 1634</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Knecht" title="Robert Knecht">Knecht, Robert</a>, <i>Renaissance France, genealogies</i>, Baumgartner, genealogical tables</li> <li>Malettke, Klaus. <i>The Crown, Ministeriat and Nobility at the court of Louis XIII</i> (German Historical Institute London, 1991) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://perspectivia.net/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/pnet_derivate_00004618/malettke_crown.pdf">online</a>.</li> <li>Willis, Daniel A. (comp). <i>The Descendants of Louis XIII</i> (1999). Clearfield</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Louis_XIII_of_France" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII of France</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.altesses.eu/princes003.php">A complete portrait gallery of Louis XIII and Anna of Austria</a></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation gutenberg"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/1257">The Three Musketeers</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classicalacarte.net/Fiches/9824.htm">The Orchestra of Louis XIII, Jordi Savall, Le Concert des Nations – Alia Vox AV9824</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/FRENCH_ARMY.htm">The French Army 1600–1900</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Louis_XIII" class="extiw" title="choralwiki:Louis XIII">Free scores by Louis XIII</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Choral_Public_Domain_Library" title="Choral Public Domain Library">Choral Public Domain Library</a> (ChoralWiki)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Louis XIII of France & II of Navarre</div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 27 September 1601</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 14 May 1643</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV and III</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">King of France</a> </b><br />1610 – 1643 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">King of Navarre</a> </b><br />1610 – 1620 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>French annexation </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #65BCFF"><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">French royalty</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin of France</a> </b><br />1601 – 1610 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princes_of_France" title="Template:Princes of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princes_of_France" title="Template talk:Princes of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princes_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princes of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princes_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Princes of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>The first generation are the children of <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henri IV</a></i>; these males held the rank of <b><a href="/wiki/Fils_de_France" title="Fils de France">Son of France</a></b> or <b><a href="/wiki/Fils_de_France" title="Fils de France">Grandson of France</a></b>;</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King Louis XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Monsieur d'Orléans">Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg/75px-Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg/113px-Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg/150px-Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="701" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">King Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Gaston,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois">Prince Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou">Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Louis François, Duke of Anjou">Prince Louis François, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois">Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">King Philip V of Spain</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Berry_(1686%E2%80%931714)" title="Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)">Prince Charles, Duke of Berry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Brittany_(1704%E2%80%931705)" title="Louis, Duke of Brittany (1704–1705)">Prince Louis, Duke of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Brittany_(1707%E2%80%931712)" title="Louis, Duke of Brittany (1707–1712)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">King Louis XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis, Prince of Asturias</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Philip_of_Spain_(1712%E2%80%931719)" title="Infante Philip of Spain (1712–1719)">Infante Philip of Spain</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe, Duke of Anjou">Prince Philippe, Duke of Anjou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy_(1751%E2%80%931761)" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy (1751–1761)">Prince Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine">Prince Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">King Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">King Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">King Charles X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">King Louis XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Prince Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Prince Henri, Count of Chambord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>* <i>until <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Utrecht" title="Peace of Utrecht">1713</a></i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dauphins_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dauphins_of_France" title="Template:Dauphins of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dauphins_of_France" title="Template talk:Dauphins of France"><abbr title="Discuss this 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exist)">Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles,_Dauphin_of_France_(1392%E2%80%931401)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles, Dauphin of France (1392–1401) (page does not exist)">Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Guyenne" title="Louis, Duke of Guyenne">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Touraine" title="John, Duke of Touraine">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a></li> <li>François</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Orlando,_Dauphin_of_France" title="Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France">Charles Orlando</a></li> <li>Charles</li> <li>François</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_III,_Duke_of_Brittany" title="Francis III, Duke of Brittany">François</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arms_of_the_capetian_dauphins_du_Viennois.svg/75px-Arms_of_the_capetian_dauphins_du_Viennois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arms_of_the_capetian_dauphins_du_Viennois.svg/113px-Arms_of_the_capetian_dauphins_du_Viennois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arms_of_the_capetian_dauphins_du_Viennois.svg/150px-Arms_of_the_capetian_dauphins_du_Viennois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louis XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, <i>Le Grand Dauphin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, <i>Le Petit Dauphin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Brittany_(1707%E2%80%931712)" title="Louis, Duke of Brittany (1707–1712)">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Louis Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Louis XIX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_France" title="Template:Monarchs of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_France" title="Template talk:Monarchs of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Monarchs of France</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs" title="Family tree of French monarchs">Detailed family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs_(simple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Family tree of French monarchs (simple)">Simplified family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Frankish_kings" title="List of Frankish kings">List of Frankish kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">List of French monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingians</a> (509–751)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_I" title="Childebert I">Childebert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_I" title="Chlothar I">Chlothar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charibert_I" title="Charibert I">Charibert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntram" title="Guntram">Guntram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilperic_I" title="Chilperic I">Chilperic I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigebert_I" title="Sigebert I">Sigebert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_II" title="Childebert II">Childebert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_II" title="Chlothar II">Chlothar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_I" title="Dagobert I">Dagobert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigebert_II" title="Sigebert II">Sigebert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_II" title="Clovis II">Clovis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_III" title="Chlothar III">Chlothar III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childeric_II" title="Childeric II">Childeric II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theuderic_III" title="Theuderic III">Theuderic III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_IV" title="Clovis IV">Clovis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_III" title="Childebert III">Childebert III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_III" title="Dagobert III">Dagobert III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilperic_II" title="Chilperic II">Chilperic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_IV" title="Chlothar IV">Chlothar IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theuderic_IV" title="Theuderic IV">Theuderic IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childeric_III" title="Childeric III">Childeric III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Robertians" title="Robertians">Robertians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a> (751–987)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pepin the Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> (Charles I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Stammerer" title="Louis the Stammerer">Louis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_III_of_France" title="Louis III of France">Louis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_II" title="Carloman II">Carloman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_France" title="Odo of France">Odo</a><sup><i>R</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_France" title="Robert I of France">Robert I</a><sup><i>R</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_of_France" title="Rudolph of France">Rudolph</a><sup><i>B</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV_of_France" title="Louis IV of France">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_of_France" title="Lothair of France">Lothair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_V_of_France" title="Louis V of France">Louis V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a> (987–1328)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Capet" title="Hugh Capet">Hugh Capet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_II_of_France" title="Robert II of France">Robert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_France" title="Henry I of France">Henry I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philip I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France" title="Louis VI of France">Louis VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Louis VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_France" title="John I of France">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a> (1328–1589)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a></i> <i>(1422–1453)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> (1589–1792)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louis XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> (1804–1814; 1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II" title="Napoleon II">Napoleon II</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> (1814–1815; 1815–1830)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Louis XIX</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Henry V</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a> (1830–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Paris" title="Prince Philippe, Count of Paris">Louis Philippe II</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> (1852–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Navarre" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navarrese_monarchs" title="Template:Navarrese monarchs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navarrese_monarchs" title="Template talk:Navarrese monarchs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navarrese_monarchs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navarrese monarchs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Navarre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Navarrese_monarchs" title="List of Navarrese monarchs">Monarchs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of Íñiguez</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_Arista_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Íñigo Arista of Pamplona">Íñigo Arista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%8D%C3%B1iguez_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="García Íñiguez of Pamplona">García Íñiguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort%C3%BAn_Garc%C3%A9s_of_Pamplona" title="Fortún Garcés of Pamplona">Fortún Garcés</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jim%C3%A9nez_dynasty" title="Jiménez dynasty">House of Jiménez</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_I_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho I of Pamplona">Sancho I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimeno_Garc%C3%A9s_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimeno Garcés of Pamplona">Jimeno Garcés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_I_of_Pamplona" title="García Sánchez I of Pamplona">García Sánchez I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_II_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho II of Pamplona">Sancho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_II_of_Pamplona" title="García Sánchez II of Pamplona">García Sánchez II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_III_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho III of Pamplona">Sancho III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_III_of_Pamplona" title="García Sánchez III of Pamplona">García Sánchez III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho IV of Pamplona">Sancho IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Sancho Ramírez">Sancho V</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Aragon_and_Pamplona" title="Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona">Peter I</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_the_Battler" title="Alfonso the Battler">Alfonso I</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez_of_Navarre" title="García Ramírez of Navarre">García Ramírez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_VI_of_Navarre" title="Sancho VI of Navarre">Sancho VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_VII_of_Navarre" title="Sancho VII of Navarre">Sancho VII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Champagne" title="Count of Champagne">House of Champagne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_I_of_Navarre" title="Theobald I of Navarre">Theobald I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_II_of_Navarre" title="Theobald II of Navarre">Theobald II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_Navarre" title="Henry I of Navarre">Henry I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip I</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis I</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_France" title="John I of France">John I</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip II</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles I</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_II_of_Navarre" title="Joan II of Navarre">Joan II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_%C3%89vreux" title="House of Évreux">House of Évreux</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Navarre" title="Philip III of Navarre">Philip III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Navarre" title="Charles II of Navarre">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Navarre" title="Charles III of Navarre">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_I_of_Navarre" title="Blanche I of Navarre">Blanche I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">House of Trastámara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Aragon" title="John II of Aragon">John II</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Viana" title="Charles, Prince of Viana">Charles IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blanche_II_of_Navarre" title="Blanche II of Navarre">Blanche II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Navarre" title="Eleanor of Navarre">Eleanor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Foix" title="Count of Foix">House of Foix</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Phoebus" title="Francis Phoebus">Francis Phoebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Navarre" title="Catherine of Navarre">Catherine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Albret" title="Albret">House of Albret</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Navarre" title="John III of Navarre">John III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Albret" title="Albret">House of Albret</a> - Lower Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Navarre" title="Henry II of Navarre">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Albret" title="Jeanne d'Albret">Joan III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> - Lower Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_of_Navarre" title="Antoine of Navarre">Antoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry III</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louis II</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis III</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis IV</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis V</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis VI</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles V</a><sup>F</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">House of Trastámara</a> - Upper Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand I</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joan III</a><sup>S</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> - Upper Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip IV</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip V</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip VI</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles V</a><sup>S</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> - Upper Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip VII</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis II</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI" title="Ferdinand VI">Ferdinand II</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles VI</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles VII</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII" title="Ferdinand VII">Ferdinand III</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_II" title="Isabella II">Isabella I</a><sup>S</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>A</sup>Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Aragonese_monarchs" title="List of Aragonese monarchs">King of Aragon</a>. <sup>F</sup>Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">King of France</a>. <sup>S</sup>Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_monarchs" title="List of Spanish monarchs">King/Queen of Spain</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737533#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737533#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737533#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121018654">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/64008583">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/28149106364368492865">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/19561/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrCgHhVtgbYTfXdR3XDbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11872942X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50080621">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11913462f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11913462f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Louis XIII <re di Francia>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV497388">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an65327923">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2003169900&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX878457">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1251540">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069922411">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90552251">Norway</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/10031682">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=150658">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/xv8bc4cg294whgd">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810648921905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/72633">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007264733705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058512427006706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14622687">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA15404342?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500059708">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a5546289-9db6-4f29-a87d-92b37132515b">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/51009">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102158">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1800001">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11872942X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11872942X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028607090">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Louis XIII, King of France, 1601-1643"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6642qw5">SNAC</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Louis XIII, of France"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6232mq3">2</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zw1rwm">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/67188">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/30024475">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_XIII&oldid=1252881451">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_XIII&oldid=1252881451</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Louis_XIII" title="Category:Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1601_births" title="Category:1601 births">1601 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1643_deaths" title="Category:1643 deaths">1643 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_kings_of_France" title="Category:17th-century kings of France">17th-century kings of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_princes_of_Andorra" title="Category:17th-century princes of Andorra">17th-century princes of Andorra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_Navarrese_monarchs" title="Category:17th-century Navarrese monarchs">17th-century Navarrese monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_deaths_from_tuberculosis" title="Category:17th-century deaths from tuberculosis">17th-century deaths from tuberculosis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" title="Category:Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_the_Basilica_of_Saint-Denis" title="Category:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis">Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dauphins_of_France" title="Category:Dauphins of France">Dauphins of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Early_modern_history_of_France" title="Category:Early modern history of France">Early modern history of France</a></li><li><a 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