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<span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Membership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Membership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uniform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uniform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Uniform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uniform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_as_authority_on_the_French_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_as_authority_on_the_French_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Role as authority on the French language</span> </div> </a> <button 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id="toc-Alleged_conservatism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alleged_conservatism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Alleged conservatism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alleged_conservatism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prizes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_of_regional_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_of_regional_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Opposition of regional languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_of_regional_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Current members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>General sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Académie Française</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الأكاديمية الفرنسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأكاديمية الفرنسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_franc%C3%AAsa" title="Acadèmia francêsa – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Acadèmia francêsa" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Francesa" title="Academia Francesa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Academia Francesa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa_Akademiyas%C4%B1" title="Fransa Akademiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransa Akademiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C" title="আকাদেমি ফ্রঁসেজ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আকাদেমি ফ্রঁসেজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Французская акадэмія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Французская акадэмія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Француская акадэмія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Француская акадэмія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Френска академия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Френска академия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Francesa" title="Acadèmia Francesa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acadèmia Francesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_akademie" title="Francouzská akademie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francouzská akademie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsuse_Akadeemia" title="Prantsuse Akadeemia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsuse Akadeemia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γαλλική Ακαδημία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλική Ακαδημία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Francesa" title="Academia Francesa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Academia Francesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_Akademio" title="Franca Akademio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Franca Akademio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantses_Akademia" title="Frantses Akademia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantses Akademia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرهنگستان فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرهنگستان فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Francesa" title="Academia Francesa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Academia Francesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%B9%B4%EB%8D%B0%EB%AF%B8_%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%84%B8%EC%A6%88" title="아카데미 프랑세즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아카데미 프랑세즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ֆրանսիական ակադեմիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսիական ակադեմիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C" title="अकादमी फ्रंसेज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अकादमी फ्रंसेज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska_akademija" title="Francuska akademija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francuska akademija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Францаг академи – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Францаг академи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האקדמיה הצרפתית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האקדמיה הצרפתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="საფრანგეთის აკადემია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფრანგეთის აკადემია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Francica" title="Academia Francica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Academia Francica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C4%8Du_akad%C4%93mija" title="Franču akadēmija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Franču akadēmija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Franses" title="Academia Franses – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Academia Franses" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia_Akad%C3%A9mia" title="Francia Akadémia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francia Akadémia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الاكاديميه الفرنساويه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاكاديميه الفرنساويه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="アカデミー・フランセーズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アカデミー・フランセーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransiya_akademiyasi" title="Fransiya akademiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fransiya akademiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C" title="فرانسیسی اکیڈیمی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانسیسی اکیڈیمی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_frans%C3%A8isa" title="Academia fransèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Academia fransèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademia_Francuska" title="Akademia Francuska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Akademia Francuska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Francesa" title="Academia Francesa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Academia Francesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Francez%C4%83" title="Academia Franceză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Academia Franceză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Французская академия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Французская академия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie Française – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Académie Française" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzska_akad%C3%A9mia" title="Francúzska akadémia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francúzska akadémia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoska_akademija" title="Francoska akademija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francoska akademija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ئەکادیمیای فەڕەنسی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەکادیمیای فەڕەنسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Француска академија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француска академија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Académie française" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_akatemia" title="Ranskan akatemia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan akatemia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska_akademien" title="Franska akademien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Franska akademien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF" title="பிரான்சிய அகாதமி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரான்சிய அகாதமி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%8B" title="อากาเดมีฟร็องแซซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อากาเดมีฟร็องแซซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_Akademisi" title="Fransız Akademisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransız Akademisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Французька академія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Французька академія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="فرانسیسی اکیڈمی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانسیسی اکیڈمی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87n_h%C3%A0n_l%C3%A2m_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Viện hàn lâm Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viện hàn lâm Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E9%99%A2" title="法兰西学术院 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法兰西学术院" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E9%99%A2" title="法兰西学术院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法兰西学术院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161806#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&params=48.8573_N_2.337_E_type:landmark_region:FR-IDF"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°51′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°20′13″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.8573°N 2.337°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.8573; 2.337</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie française">Académie française</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pre-eminent council for the French language</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"French Academy" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/French_Academy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="French Academy (disambiguation)">French Academy (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_Academy_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/14/French_Academy_logo.png/250px-French_Academy_logo.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/14/French_Academy_logo.png/375px-French_Academy_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/14/French_Academy_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="78" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:French_Institute,_Paris_2014_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/French_Institute%2C_Paris_2014_002.jpg/220px-French_Institute%2C_Paris_2014_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/French_Institute%2C_Paris_2014_002.jpg/330px-French_Institute%2C_Paris_2014_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/French_Institute%2C_Paris_2014_002.jpg/440px-French_Institute%2C_Paris_2014_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Institut de France</span></span> building</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">22 February 1635<span class="noprint">; 389 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">22 February 1635</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris, France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&params=48.8573_N_2.337_E_type:landmark_region:FR-IDF"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°51′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°20′13″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.8573°N 2.337°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.8573; 2.337</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership </div></th><td class="infobox-data">40 members known as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">les immortels</i></span> ("the immortals")</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Perpetual Secretary</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amin_Maalouf" title="Amin Maalouf">Amin Maalouf</a> (since 28 September 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academie-francaise.fr">academie-francaise<wbr />.fr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Académie Française</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[akademi<span class="wrap"> </span>fʁɑ̃sɛːz]</a></span>), also known as the <b>French Academy</b>, is the principal <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> council for matters pertaining to the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a>. The Académie was officially established in 1635 by <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a>, the chief minister to King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aH_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aH-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suppressed in 1793 during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, it was restored as a division of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_France" title="Institut de France">Institut de France</a></span></span> in 1803 by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aH_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aH-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the oldest of the five <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">académies</i></span> of the institute. The body has the duty of acting as an official authority on the language; it is tasked with publishing an official dictionary of the language. </p><p>The Académie comprises forty members, known as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">les immortels</i></span> ("the immortals").<sup id="cite_ref-aIM_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aIM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New members are <a href="/wiki/Co-option" title="Co-option">elected by the members of the Académie itself</a>. Academicians normally hold office for life, but they may resign or be dismissed for misconduct. <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a>, named <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_France" title="Marshal of France">Marshal of France</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Battle of Verdun</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, was elected to the Académie in 1931 and, after his governorship of <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, was forced to resign his seat in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardinal_de_Richelieu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cardinal_de_Richelieu.jpg/170px-Cardinal_de_Richelieu.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cardinal_de_Richelieu.jpg/255px-Cardinal_de_Richelieu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cardinal_de_Richelieu.jpg/340px-Cardinal_de_Richelieu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2483" data-file-height="3696" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a>, responsible for the establishment of the Académie</figcaption></figure> <p>The Académie had its origins in an informal literary group deriving from the <a href="/wiki/Salon_(gathering)" title="Salon (gathering)">salons</a> held at the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Rambouillet" title="Hôtel de Rambouillet">Hôtel de Rambouillet</a> during the late 1620s and early 1630s. The group began meeting at <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Conrart" title="Valentin Conrart">Valentin Conrart</a>'s house, seeking informality. There were then nine members. <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a>, the chief minister of France, made himself protector of the group, and in anticipation of the formal creation of the academy, new members were appointed in 1634. On 22 February 1635, at Richelieu's urging, King Louis XIII granted <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> formally establishing the council; according to the letters patent registered at the <a href="/wiki/Parlement" title="Parlement">Parlement de Paris</a> on 10 July 1637,<sup id="cite_ref-aH_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aH-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span> was "to labor with all the care and diligence possible, to give exact rules to our language, to render it capable of treating the arts and sciences". The <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span> has remained responsible for the regulation of French grammar, spelling, and literature. </p><p>Richelieu's model, the first academy devoted to eliminating the "impurities" of a language, was the <span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Accademia_della_Crusca" title="Accademia della Crusca">Accademia della Crusca</a></span></span>, founded in Florence in 1582, which formalized the already dominant position of the <a href="/wiki/Tuscan_dialect" title="Tuscan dialect">Tuscan dialect</a> of Florence as the model for <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>; the Florentine academy had published its <i>Vocabolario</i> in 1612.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> suppressed all royal academies, including the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span>. In 1792, the election of new members to replace those who died was prohibited; in 1793, the academies were themselves abolished. They were all replaced in 1795 by a single body called the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_France" title="Institut de France">Institut de France</a></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>, as <a href="/wiki/First_Consul" class="mw-redirect" title="First Consul">First Consul</a>, decided to restore the former academies, but only as "classes" or divisions of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Institut de France</span></span>. The second class of the Institut was responsible for the French language, and corresponded to the former <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span>. When <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVIII of France">King Louis XVIII</a> came to the throne in 1816, each class regained the title of "Académie"; accordingly, the second class of the Institut became the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span>. Since 1816, the existence of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span> has been uninterrupted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a> is the "protector" or patron of the Académie. Cardinal Richelieu originally adopted this role; upon his death in 1642, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_S%C3%A9guier" title="Pierre Séguier">Pierre Séguier</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_France" title="Chancellor of France">Chancellor of France</a>, succeeded him. <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">King Louis XIV</a> adopted the function when Séguier died in 1672; since then, the French head of state has always served as the Académie's protector. From 1672 to 1805, the official meetings of the Académie were in the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>; since 1805, the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span> has met in the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_des_Quatre-Nations" title="Collège des Quatre-Nations">Collège des Quatre-Nations</a> (known now as the Palais de l'Institut). The remaining academies of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Institut de France</span></span> also meet in the Palais de l'Institut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span> has forty seats, each of which is assigned a separate number. Candidates make their applications for a specific seat, not to the Académie in general: if several seats are vacant, a candidate may apply separately for each. Since a newly elected member is required to eulogize their predecessor in the installation ceremony, it is not uncommon that potential candidates refuse to apply for particular seats because they dislike the predecessors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Members are known as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">"les immortels"</i></span> ("the Immortals") in reference to the Académie's <a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">motto</a>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">À l'immortalité</i></span> ("To Immortality"), which is inscribed on the official seal of the charter granted by Cardinal Richelieu.<sup id="cite_ref-aIM_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aIM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">immortels</i></span> is chosen by their colleagues to be the Académie's Perpetual Secretary. The Secretary is called "Perpetual", as though the holder serves for life, but holds the ability to resign; they may thereafter be styled as "Honorary Perpetual Secretary", with three post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> Perpetual Secretaries having previously resigned due to old age. The Perpetual Secretary acts as a chairperson and chief representative of the Académie. The two other officers, a Director and a Chancellor, are elected for three-month terms. The most senior member, by date of election, is the Dean of the Académie. </p><p>New members are elected by the Académie itself; the original members were appointed. When a seat becomes vacant, a person may apply to the Secretary if they wish to become a candidate. Alternatively, existing members may nominate other candidates. A candidate is elected by a majority of votes from voting members. A <a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quorum</a> is twenty members. If no candidate receives an absolute majority, another election must be performed at a later date. The election is valid only if the protector of the Académie, the President of France, grants their approval. The President's approbation is only a formality.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poincare_larger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Poincare_larger.jpg/170px-Poincare_larger.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Poincare_larger.jpg/255px-Poincare_larger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Poincare_larger.jpg/340px-Poincare_larger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Raymond Poincaré</a> was one of the five French heads of state who became members of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span>. He is depicted wearing the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">habit vert</i></span>, or green habit, of the Académie.</figcaption></figure> <p>The new member is then installed at a meeting of the Académie. The new member must deliver a speech to the Académie, which includes a <a href="/wiki/Eulogy" title="Eulogy">eulogy</a> for the member being replaced. This is followed by a speech made by one of the members. Eight days thereafter, a public reception is held, during which the new member makes a speech thanking their colleagues for their election. On one occasion, one newly installed member, <a href="/wiki/Georges_de_Porto-Riche" title="Georges de Porto-Riche">Georges de Porto-Riche</a>, was not accorded a reception, as the eulogy he made of his predecessor was considered unsatisfactory, and he refused to rewrite it. <a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Georges Clemenceau</a> refused to be received, as he feared being received by his enemy, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Raymond Poincaré</a>. </p><p>Members remain in the Académie for life. The council may dismiss an academician for grave misconduct. The first dismissal occurred in 1638, when <a href="/wiki/Auger_de_Mol%C3%A9on_de_Granier" title="Auger de Moléon de Granier">Auger de Moléon de Granier</a> was expelled for theft. The most recent dismissals occurred at the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>: <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abel_Bonnard" title="Abel Bonnard">Abel Bonnard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abel_Hermant" title="Abel Hermant">Abel Hermant</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Charles Maurras</a> were all excluded for their association with the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy regime</a>. In total, 20 members have been expelled from the Académie. </p><p>There have been a total of 742 <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">immortels</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-aIM_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aIM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of whom eleven have been women; <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Yourcenar" title="Marguerite Yourcenar">Marguerite Yourcenar</a> was the first woman to be elected, in 1980, but there have been 25 unsuccessful female candidacies, dating from 1874. Individuals who are not citizens of France may be, and have been, elected. Moreover, although most academicians are writers, it is not necessary to be a member of the literary profession to become a member. The Académie has included numerous politicians, lawyers, scientists, historians, philosophers, and senior <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholic</a> clergymen. Five French heads of state have been members – <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Adolphe Thiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Raymond Poincaré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Deschanel" title="Paul Deschanel">Paul Deschanel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> – and one foreign head of state, the poet <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Léopold Sédar Senghor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, who was also the first African elected, in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-WDL1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other famous members include <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>; <a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a>; <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas,_fils" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Dumas, fils">Alexandre Dumas, fils</a>; <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Littr%C3%A9" title="Émile Littré">Émile Littré</a>; <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a>; <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a>. </p><p>Many notable French writers have not become members of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span>. In 1855, the writer <a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Houssaye" title="Arsène Houssaye">Arsène Houssaye</a> devised the expression "forty-first seat" for deserving individuals who were never elected to the Académie, either because their candidacies were rejected, because they were never candidates, or because they died before appropriate vacancies arose. Notable French authors who never became academicians include <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Joseph de Maistre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Charles Baudelaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Gustave Flaubert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Marcel Proust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Théophile Gautier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uniform">Uniform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Uniform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:At_the_French_Academy_of_Sciences.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/At_the_French_Academy_of_Sciences.jpg/220px-At_the_French_Academy_of_Sciences.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/At_the_French_Academy_of_Sciences.jpg/330px-At_the_French_Academy_of_Sciences.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/At_the_French_Academy_of_Sciences.jpg/440px-At_the_French_Academy_of_Sciences.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3283" data-file-height="2190" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Dujon" title="Bernard Dujon">Bernard Dujon</a> and his colleague <a href="/wiki/Eric_Westhof" title="Eric Westhof">Eric Westhof</a>, wearing the "Habit vert" of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Institut de France</span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>The official uniform of a member is known as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">l'habit vert</i></span>, or green clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-uniform_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uniform-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">habit vert</i></span>, worn at the Académie's formal ceremonies, was first adopted during Napoleon Bonaparte's reorganization of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Institut de France</span></span>. It consists of a long black coat and black-feathered <a href="/wiki/Bicorne" title="Bicorne">bicorne</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-uniform_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uniform-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both richly embroidered with green leafy motifs, together with black trousers or skirt. Further, members other than <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a> carry a <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial sword">ceremonial sword</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">l'épée</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-uniform_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uniform-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The members bear the cost of their uniforms themselves. The robes cost around $50,000, and <a href="/wiki/Amin_Maalouf" title="Amin Maalouf">Amin Maalouf</a> said that his induction cost him some $230,000 overall.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3_March_2019_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_3_March_2019-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The swords can be particularly expensive as they are individually designed. Some new members have had funds for them raised by committees.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_as_authority_on_the_French_language">Role as authority on the French language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Role as authority on the French language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DictionaryFrenchAcademy1835.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/DictionaryFrenchAcademy1835.jpg/200px-DictionaryFrenchAcademy1835.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/DictionaryFrenchAcademy1835.jpg/300px-DictionaryFrenchAcademy1835.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/DictionaryFrenchAcademy1835.jpg/400px-DictionaryFrenchAcademy1835.jpg 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Title page of the 6th edition of the Académie's <a href="/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionary</a> (1835)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Académie is France's official authority on the usages, vocabulary, and grammar of the French language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dictionary">Dictionary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dictionary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Académie publishes a dictionary of the French language, known as the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Dictionnaire_de_l%27Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Dictionnaire de l'Académie française">Dictionnaire de l'Académie française</a></i></span>, which is regarded as official in France. A special commission composed of several (but not all) of the members of the Académie compiles the work.<sup id="cite_ref-aH_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aH-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Académie has published thirteen editions of the dictionary, of which three were preliminary, eight were complete, and two were supplements for specialised words.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are: </p> <ul><li>Preliminary editions: <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie française</i></span> (from <i>A</i> to <i>Aversion</i>), pre-edition, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a>, 1687</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie française</i></span> (from <i>A</i> to <i>Confiture</i>), pre-edition, Frankfurt am Main, 1687</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie française</i></span> (from <i>A</i> to <i>Neuf</i>), pre-edition, Paris, 1687</li></ul></li> <li>Complete editions: <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie française dedié au Roy</i></span> ("1st edition"), Paris, 1694</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Nouveau Dictionnaire de l'Académie française dedié au Roy</i></span> ("2nd edition"), Paris, 1718</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie française</i></span> ("3rd edition"), Paris, 1740</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie française</i></span> ("4th edition"), Paris, 1762</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie française</i></span> ("5th edition"), Paris, 1798</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Dictionnaire de l'Académie française</i></span> ("6th edition"), Paris, 1835</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Dictionnaire de l'Académie française</i></span> ("7th edition"), Paris, 1879</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Dictionnaire de l'Académie française</i></span> ("8th edition"), Paris, 1932–1935</li></ul></li> <li>Supplementary editions for the sciences, arts, and technology: <ul><li>Corneille, Thomas, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Dictionnaire des Arts et des Sciences</i></span>, Paris, 1694</li> <li>Barré, Louis, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Complément du Dictionnaire de l'Académie française</i></span>, Paris, 1842</li></ul></li></ul> <p>The Académie is continuing work on the ninth edition, of which the first volume (<i>A</i> to <i>Enzyme</i>) appeared in 1992,<sup id="cite_ref-aH_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aH-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Éocène</i></span> to <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Mappemonde</i></span> was published in 2000, and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Maquereau</i></span> to <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Quotité</i></span> in 2011. In 1778, the Académie attempted to compile a "historical dictionary" of the French language; this idea was later abandoned, the work never progressing past the letter <i>A</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anglicisms">Anglicisms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anglicisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the use of <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> terms by media increased over the years, the Académie has tried to prevent the <a href="/wiki/Anglicism" title="Anglicism">Anglicization</a> of the French language. For example, the Académie has recommended the avoidance of <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a> from modern English (such as <i>walkman</i>, <i>computer</i>, <i>software</i> and <i>e-mail</i>), in favour of neologisms, i.e. newly coined French words derived from existing ones (<i><i lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/baladeur#French" class="extiw" title="wikt:baladeur">baladeur</a></i></i>, <i><i lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ordinateur#French" class="extiw" title="wikt:ordinateur">ordinateur</a></i></i>, <i><i lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/logiciel#French" class="extiw" title="wikt:logiciel">logiciel</a></i></i>, and <i><i lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/courriel#French" class="extiw" title="wikt:courriel">courriel</a></i></i> respectively). </p><p>The Académie has also noted that anglicisms have been present in the French language since the 1700s, and has criticized the view that anglicisms present an "invasion" on the French language. It distinguishes anglicisms into three categories: some that are useful to the French language and introduced vocabulary which did not have a French equivalent at the time (the Académie cites the word "<i>confortable</i>" as an example, from the English "comfortable"); others that are detrimental and only establish more confusion as the original meaning of the word is distorted in translation; and others still that are useless or avoidable, a category of anglicisms used by "snobs" who use words from an English provenance to demarcate themselves from society and appear "in vogue". For the last category of anglicisms, the Académie writes that those words are typically short-lived in French parlance.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span> has informed government officials to stop using English gaming terms like "e-sports", it should be "jeu video de competition". Likewise "streamer" should be "joueur-animateur en direct".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alleged_conservatism">Alleged conservatism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Alleged conservatism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Académie, despite working on the modernization of the <a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">French orthography</a>, has sometimes been criticized by many linguists for allegedly behaving in an overly conservative manner. For instance, in 1997, <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a>'s government began using the feminine noun "<i>la ministre</i>" to refer to a female minister, following the official practice of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and a frequent, though until then unofficial, practice in France. The Académie insisted, in accordance with French grammar rules on the traditional use of the masculine noun, on the use of "<i>le ministre</i>" for a minister of either gender. In 2017, 77 linguists retaliated with an opinion column to denounce the "incompetence and anachronism of the Académie".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="A non-primary source would be helpful to show that this opinion column is notable. (August 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Use of either form remains highly controversial. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prizes">Prizes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Prizes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Grand_prix_du_roman_de_l%27Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand prix du roman de l'Académie française">Grand prix du roman de l'Académie française</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_prix_de_litt%C3%A9rature_de_l%27Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand prix de littérature de l'Académie française">Grand prix de littérature de l'Académie française</a></div> <p>The <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span> is responsible for awarding several different prizes in various fields (including literature, painting, poetry, theatre, cinema, history, and translation). Almost all of the prizes were created during the twentieth century, and only two prizes were awarded before 1780. In total, the Académie awards more than sixty prizes, most of them annually. </p><p>The most important prize is the <a href="/wiki/Grand_prix_de_la_francophonie" title="Grand prix de la francophonie">Grand prix de la francophonie</a>, which was instituted in 1986, and is funded by the governments of France, Canada, Monaco, and Morocco. Other important prizes include the <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_prix_de_litt%C3%A9rature" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand prix de littérature">Grand prix de littérature</a></i> (for a literary work), the <i>grand prix du roman</i> (for a novel), the <i>Grand prix de poésie de l'Académie française</i> (for poetry), the <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_prix_de_philosophie" title="Grand prix de philosophie">Grand prix de philosophie</a></i> (for a philosophical work), the <i>Grand prix du cinéma</i> (for film), and the <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_prix_Gobert" title="Grand prix Gobert">grand prix Gobert</a></i> (for a work on French history). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposition_of_regional_languages">Opposition of regional languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Opposition of regional languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span> intervened in June 2008 to oppose the French Government's proposal to constitutionally offer recognition and protection to regional languages (<a href="/wiki/Flemish_dialects" title="Flemish dialects">Flemish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alsatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsatian language">Alsatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corsican_language" title="Corsican language">Corsican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gascon_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gascon language">Gascon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Provençal language">Arpitan</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_members">Current members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Current members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="List of members of the Académie française">List of members of the Académie française</a></div> <p>The current members of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span> are: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Seat number</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Year elected </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_1" title="List of members of the Académie française">1</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Dagens, Claude"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Dagens" title="Claude Dagens">Claude Dagens</a></td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_2" title="List of members of the Académie française">2</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Laferrière, Dany"><a href="/wiki/Dany_Laferri%C3%A8re" title="Dany Laferrière">Dany Laferrière</a></td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_3" title="List of members of the Académie française">3</a></td> <td><i>Vacant</i></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_4" title="List of members of the Académie française">4</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Marion, Jean-Luc"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Marion" title="Jean-Luc Marion">Jean-Luc Marion</a></td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_5" title="List of members of the Académie française">5</a></td> <td data-sort-value=""><a href="/wiki/Andre%C3%AF_Makine" title="Andreï Makine">Andreï Makine</a></td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_6" title="List of members of the Académie française">6</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Jambet, Christian"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Jambet" title="Christian Jambet">Christian Jambet</a></td> <td>2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_7" title="List of members of the Académie française">7</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Hoffmann, Jules"><a href="/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann">Jules Hoffmann</a></td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_8" title="List of members of the Académie française">8</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Rondeau, Daniel"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rondeau" title="Daniel Rondeau">Daniel Rondeau</a></td> <td>2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_9" title="List of members of the Académie française">9</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Grainville, Patrick"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Grainville" title="Patrick Grainville">Patrick Grainville</a><sup id="cite_ref-f9PG_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f9PG-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_10" title="List of members of the Académie française">10</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Delay, Florence"><a href="/wiki/Florence_Delay" title="Florence Delay">Florence Delay</a></td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_11" title="List of members of the Académie française">11</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Broglie, Gabriel de"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_de_Broglie" title="Gabriel de Broglie">Gabriel de Broglie</a></td> <td>2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_12" title="List of members of the Académie française">12</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Thomas, Chantal"><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Thomas" title="Chantal Thomas">Chantal Thomas</a></td> <td>2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_13" title="List of members of the Académie française">13</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Serra, Maurizio"><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Serra" title="Maurizio Serra">Maurizio Serra</a></td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_14" title="List of members of the Académie française">14</a></td> <td><i>Vacant</i></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_15" title="List of members of the Académie française">15</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Vitoux, Frédéric"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Vitoux_(writer)" title="Frédéric Vitoux (writer)">Frédéric Vitoux</a></td> <td>2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_16" title="List of members of the Académie française">16</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Gaillard, Raphaël"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapha%C3%ABl_Gaillard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raphaël Gaillard (page does not exist)">Raphaël Gaillard</a></td> <td>2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_17" title="List of members of the Académie française">17</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Orsenna, Érik"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rik_Orsenna" title="Érik Orsenna">Érik Orsenna</a></td> <td>1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_18" title="List of members of the Académie française">18</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Vargas Llosa, Mario"><a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a></td> <td>2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_19" title="List of members of the Académie française">19</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Agacinski, Sylviane"><a href="/wiki/Sylviane_Agacinski" title="Sylviane Agacinski">Sylviane Agacinski</a></td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_20" title="List of members of the Académie française">20</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Rinaldi, Andelo"><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Rinaldi" title="Angelo Rinaldi">Angelo Rinaldi</a></td> <td>2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_21" title="List of members of the Académie française">21</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Finkielkraut, Alain"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Finkielkraut" title="Alain Finkielkraut">Alain Finkielkraut</a></td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_22" title="List of members of the Académie française">22</a></td> <td><i>Vacant</i></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_23" title="List of members of the Académie française">23</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Rosenberg, Pierre"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Rosenberg" title="Pierre Rosenberg">Pierre Rosenberg</a> (Dean)</td> <td>1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_24" title="List of members of the Académie française">24</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Sureau, François"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Sureau" title="François Sureau">François Sureau</a></td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_25" title="List of members of the Académie française">25</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Fernandez, Dominique"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Fernandez" title="Dominique Fernandez">Dominique Fernandez</a> (Oldest member)</td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_26" title="List of members of the Académie française">26</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Rouart, Jean-Marie"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Rouart" title="Jean-Marie Rouart">Jean-Marie Rouart</a></td> <td>1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_27" title="List of members of the Académie française">27</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Nora, Pierre"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Nora" title="Pierre Nora">Pierre Nora</a></td> <td>2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_28" title="List of members of the Académie française">28</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Rufin, Jean-Christophe"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Rufin" title="Jean-Christophe Rufin">Jean-Christophe Rufin</a></td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_29" title="List of members of the Académie française">29</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Maalouf, Amin"><a href="/wiki/Amin_Maalouf" title="Amin Maalouf">Amin Maalouf</a> (Perpetual Secretary)</td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_30" title="List of members of the Académie française">30</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Sallenave, Danièle"><a href="/wiki/Dani%C3%A8le_Sallenave" title="Danièle Sallenave">Danièle Sallenave</a></td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_31" title="List of members of the Académie française">31</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Edwards, Michael"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Edwards_(literary_scholar)" title="Michael Edwards (literary scholar)">Michael Edwards</a></td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_32" title="List of members of the Académie française">32</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Ory, Pascal"><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Ory" title="Pascal Ory">Pascal Ory</a></td> <td>2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_33" title="List of members of the Académie française">33</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Bona, Dominique"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Bona" title="Dominique Bona">Dominique Bona</a></td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_34" title="List of members of the Académie française">34</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Cheng, François"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Cheng" title="François Cheng">François Cheng</a></td> <td>2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_35" title="List of members of the Académie française">35</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Compagnon, Antoine"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Compagnon" title="Antoine Compagnon">Antoine Compagnon</a></td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_36" title="List of members of the Académie française">36</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Cassin, Barbara"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Cassin" title="Barbara Cassin">Barbara Cassin</a></td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_37" title="List of members of the Académie française">37</a></td> <td data-sort-value=""><a href="/wiki/Michel_Zink" title="Michel Zink">Michel Zink</a></td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_38" title="List of members of the Académie française">38</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Lambron, Marc"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Lambron" title="Marc Lambron">Marc Lambron</a></td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_39" title="List of members of the Académie française">39</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Clair, Jean"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Clair" title="Jean Clair">Jean Clair</a></td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise#Seat_40" title="List of members of the Académie française">40</a></td> <td data-sort-value="Darcos, Xavier"><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Darcos" title="Xavier Darcos">Xavier Darcos</a></td> <td>2013 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_sciences" title="Academy of sciences">Academy of sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conseil_international_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Conseil international de la langue française">Conseil international de la langue française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_prizes_awarded_by_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Former prizes awarded by the Académie française">Former prizes awarded by the Académie française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_art_salons_and_academies" title="French art salons and academies">French art salons and academies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_France" title="Language policy in France">Language policy in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">List of language regulators</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_council" title="Language council">Language council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montyon_Prize" title="Montyon Prize">Montyon Prize</a> – prizes awarded annually by the Académie française and the Académie des sciences</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Office québécois de la langue française">Office québécois de la langue française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschimbanga_Bangla_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Paschimbanga Bangla Academy">Paschimbanga Bangla Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposals_for_an_English_Academy" title="Proposals for an English Academy">Proposals for an English Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Academy" title="Royal Spanish Academy">Royal Spanish Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mademoiselle_Cloque" title="Mademoiselle Cloque">Mademoiselle Cloque</a></i> by René Boylesve</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is the anglicized version of the name, with a capital "F". In French, it is generally written with a lowercase "f".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There was a controversy about the candidacy of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Morand" title="Paul Morand">Paul Morand</a>, whom <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> opposed in 1958. Morand was finally elected ten years later, and he was received without the customary visit, at the time of investiture, to the Palace <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Élysée">Élysée</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-aH-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aH_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aH_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aH_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aH_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aH_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-francaise.fr/histoire/index.html">"L'histoire"</a>. Academie Française official website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=L%27histoire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academie-francaise.fr%2Fhistoire%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcad%C3%A9mie+Fran%C3%A7aise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aIM-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aIM_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aIM_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aIM_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-francaise.fr/immortels/index.html">"Les immortels"</a>. Academie Française official website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Les+immortels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academie-francaise.fr%2Fimmortels%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcad%C3%A9mie+Fran%C3%A7aise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Morgan_(writer)" title="Ted Morgan (writer)">Sanche de Gramont</a>, <i>The French: Portrait of a People</i>, G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1969, p. 270</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Einar Ingvald Haugen and Anwar S. Dil, <i>The Ecology of Language</i>, (Stanford University Press) p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WDL1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WDL1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2538">"Message from Mister Leopold Sedar Senghor, President of the Republic, to the Senegalese People"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Message+from+Mister+Leopold+Sedar+Senghor%2C+President+of+the+Republic%2C+to+the+Senegalese+People&rft.pub=World+Digital+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F2538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcad%C3%A9mie+Fran%C3%A7aise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uniform-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uniform_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uniform_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uniform_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-francaise.fr/les-immortels/lhabit-vert-et-lepee">"L'habit vert et l'épée"</a>. <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span> official website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=L%27habit+vert+et+l%27%C3%A9p%C3%A9e&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academie-francaise.fr%2Fles-immortels%2Flhabit-vert-et-lepee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcad%C3%A9mie+Fran%C3%A7aise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_3_March_2019-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_3_March_2019_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNossiter2019" class="citation news cs1">Nossiter, Adam (3 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/03/world/europe/academie-francaise-france-deadlock.html">"The Guardians of the French Language Are Deadlocked, Just Like Their Country"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Guardians+of+the+French+Language+Are+Deadlocked%2C+Just+Like+Their+Country&rft.date=2019-03-03&rft.aulast=Nossiter&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F03%2F03%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Facademie-francaise-france-deadlock.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcad%C3%A9mie+Fran%C3%A7aise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2018/09/academie-francaise-members-france">Meet the Cultural Illuminati Guarding France’s Most Sacrosanct Asset: The French Language</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=64%3Adictionaries-of-the-french-academy-17th-20th-c&catid=33%3Acatalogue-bases-dicenc&Itemid=30">Classiques Garnier numérique</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725082101/http://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=64:dictionaries-of-the-french-academy-17th-20th-c&catid=33:catalogue-bases-dicenc&Itemid=30">Archived</a> 2014-07-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Corpus of Dictionaries of the French Academy (from the 17th to the 20th Century)</i>, Retrieved 2011-03-17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academie-francaise.fr/questions-de-langue#12_strong-em-anglicismes-et-autres-emprunts-em-strong">"Questions de langue | Académie française"</a>. <i>academie-francaise.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=academie-francaise.fr&rft.atitle=Questions+de+langue+%7C+Acad%C3%A9mie+fran%C3%A7aise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facademie-francaise.fr%2Fquestions-de-langue%2312_strong-em-anglicismes-et-autres-emprunts-em-strong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcad%C3%A9mie+Fran%C3%A7aise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-61647192">"French officials told to abandon gaming Anglicisms"</a>. <i>BBC.com</i>. 1 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC.com&rft.atitle=French+officials+told+to+abandon+gaming+Anglicisms&rft.date=2022-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Ftechnology-61647192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcad%C3%A9mie+Fran%C3%A7aise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.revue-ballast.fr/lacademie-tienne-langue">"BALLAST • Que l'Académie tienne sa langue, pas la nôtre"</a>. 28 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BALLAST+%E2%80%A2+Que+l%27Acad%C3%A9mie+tienne+sa+langue%2C+pas+la+n%C3%B4tre&rft.date=2017-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.revue-ballast.fr%2Flacademie-tienne-langue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcad%C3%A9mie+Fran%C3%A7aise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2008" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Peter (16 August 2008). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/2569651/Frances-LAcadmie-Franaise-upset-by-rule-to-recognise-regional-tongues.html">"France's L'Académie française upset by rule to recognise regional tongues"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/2569651/Frances-LAcadmie-Franaise-upset-by-rule-to-recognise-regional-tongues.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=France%27s+L%27Acad%C3%A9mie+fran%C3%A7aise+upset+by+rule+to+recognise+regional+tongues&rft.date=2008-08-16&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Ffrance%2F2569651%2FFrances-LAcadmie-Franaise-upset-by-rule-to-recognise-regional-tongues.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcad%C3%A9mie+Fran%C3%A7aise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f9PG-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-f9PG_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-francaise.fr/les-immortels/patrick-grainville">"Patrick GRAINVILLE"</a>. Académie française official website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Patrick+GRAINVILLE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academie-francaise.fr%2Fles-immortels%2Fpatrick-grainville&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcad%C3%A9mie+Fran%C3%A7aise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_sources">General sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: General sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Viala, Alain (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QEpJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA6">"<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Académie Française</span></span>", vol. 1, pp. 6–9</a>, in <i>Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment</i>, edited by Michel Delon. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/157958246X" title="Special:BookSources/157958246X">157958246X</a>.</li> <li>Vincent, Leon H. (1901). <i>The French Academy</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Académie française">Académie française</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.académie-française.fr">L'Académie française</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010419181129/http://www.scholarly-societies.org/history/1635af.html">L'Académie française</a> from the Scholarly Societies project.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/The French Academy"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/The_French_Academy">"The French Academy" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+French+Academy&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcad%C3%A9mie+Fran%C3%A7aise" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atilf.atilf.fr/academie9.htm"><i>Dictionnaire de l'Académie française</i>, neuvième édition</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1022924-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50052672">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11872851q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11872851q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Académie française"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/IEIV013678">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36513562">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Académie française"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20040112004&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Académie de Paris"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003183531&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX143578">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/394616">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90576251">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=114669">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/75kmq7lr5rfb51n">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810543798405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/7388">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007257296705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02016996?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500310041">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027259056">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/series/91de43ec-091f-48eb-938c-8bf2b6fda270">MusicBrainz series</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Académie_Française&oldid=1241633697">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Académie_Française&oldid=1241633697</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Category:Académie Française">Académie Française</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_language_in_France" title="Category:French language in France">French language in France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Institut_de_France" 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