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<span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Global_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Global significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_ecosystems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_ecosystems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Major ecosystems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_ecosystems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wildlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Wildlife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wildlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Industry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Industry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pastoralism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pastoralism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pastoralism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pastoralism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Mining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Outback</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="المناطق الريفية النائية في أستراليا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المناطق الريفية النائية في أستراليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%DA%A9" title="اوتبک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوتبک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="صحرای استرالیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صحرای استرالیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9B%83%EB%B0%B1" title="아웃백 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아웃백" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99" title="האאוטבק האוסטרלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האאוטבק האוסטרלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%83%88%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="アウトバック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アウトバック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BA" title="Аутбэк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аутбэк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="අවුට්බැක් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අවුට්බැක්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Аутбек – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аутбек" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A4%D9%B9_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="آؤٹ بیک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آؤٹ بیک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outback" title="Outback – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Outback" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verrev_Keskpaik" title="Verrev Keskpaik – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Verrev Keskpaik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E5%85%A7%E9%99%B8" title="澳洲內陸 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="澳洲內陸" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q569073#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Outback&params=25_S_130_E_type:city_region:AU"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°S</span> <span class="longitude">130°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25°S 130°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-25; 130</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sparsely populated interior of Australia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the interior of Australia. For the American restaurant chain, see <a href="/wiki/Outback_Steakhouse" title="Outback Steakhouse">Outback Steakhouse</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Outback_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Outback (disambiguation)">Outback (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Area in Oceania, Australia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Outback</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Area</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Conner,_August_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View across sand plains and salt pans to Mount Conner, Central Australia"><img alt="View across sand plains and salt pans to Mount Conner, Central Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mount_Conner%2C_August_2003.jpg/250px-Mount_Conner%2C_August_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mount_Conner%2C_August_2003.jpg/375px-Mount_Conner%2C_August_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mount_Conner%2C_August_2003.jpg/500px-Mount_Conner%2C_August_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">View across sand plains and salt pans to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Conner" title="Mount Conner">Mount Conner</a>, Central Australia</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Australian_Outback.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red and dark red areas form the Outback, dark red and striped areas forms the modern Outback. [a]"><img alt="Red and dark red areas form the Outback, dark red and striped areas forms the modern Outback. [a]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_the_Australian_Outback.svg/250px-Map_of_the_Australian_Outback.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_the_Australian_Outback.svg/375px-Map_of_the_Australian_Outback.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_the_Australian_Outback.svg/500px-Map_of_the_Australian_Outback.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="460" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Red and dark red areas form the Outback, dark red and striped areas forms the modern Outback. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Outback&params=25_S_130_E_type:city_region:AU"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°S</span> <span class="longitude">130°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25°S 130°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-25; 130</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Continent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">607,000 (Rangelands)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yalgoo_Shire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Yalgoo_Shire.jpg/220px-Yalgoo_Shire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Yalgoo_Shire.jpg/330px-Yalgoo_Shire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Yalgoo_Shire.jpg/440px-Yalgoo_Shire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2251" data-file-height="1653" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">Tourism</a> sign post in <a href="/wiki/Yalgoo,_Western_Australia" title="Yalgoo, Western Australia">Yalgoo, Western Australia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Outback</b> is a remote, vast, sparsely populated area of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. The Outback is more remote than <a href="/wiki/Australian_bush" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian bush">the bush</a>. While often envisaged as being <a href="/wiki/Arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Arid">arid</a>, the Outback regions extend from the northern to southern Australian coastlines and encompass a number of climatic zones, including <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical</a> and monsoonal climates in northern areas, arid areas in the "red centre" and <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-arid">semi-arid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate</a> climates in southerly regions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total population is estimated at 607,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geographically, the Outback is unified by a combination of factors, most notably a low human population density, a largely intact <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">natural environment</a> and, in many places, low-intensity land uses, such as <a href="/wiki/Pastoralism" title="Pastoralism">pastoralism</a> (livestock grazing) in which production is reliant on the natural environment.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Outback is deeply ingrained in Australian heritage, history and <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Australian_art" title="Australian art">Australian art</a> the subject of the Outback has been vogue, particularly in the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-atoa_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atoa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Q150" title="Q150">Q150</a> celebrations, the <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> Outback was announced as one of the <a href="/wiki/Q150_Icons" class="mw-redirect" title="Q150 Icons">Q150 Icons</a> of Queensland for its role as a "natural attraction".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="History of Indigenous Australians">History of Indigenous Australians</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_exploration_of_Australia" title="European exploration of Australia">European exploration of Australia</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal peoples</a> have lived in the Outback for at least 50,000 years<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and occupied all Outback regions, including the driest deserts, when Europeans first entered central Australia in the 1800s. Many Aboriginal Australians retain strong physical and cultural links to their traditional country and are legally recognised as the Traditional Owners of large parts of the Outback under Commonwealth <a href="/wiki/Native_title_in_Australia" title="Native title in Australia">Native Title</a> legislation. </p><p>Early European exploration of inland Australia was sporadic. More focus was on the more accessible and fertile coastal areas. The first party to successfully cross the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Mountains_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Mountains (Australia)">Blue Mountains</a> just outside <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> was led by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Blaxland" title="Gregory Blaxland">Gregory Blaxland</a> in 1813, 25 years after the colony was established. People, starting with <a href="/wiki/John_Oxley" title="John Oxley">John Oxley</a> in 1817, 1818 and 1821, followed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sturt" title="Charles Sturt">Charles Sturt</a> from 1829 to 1830, attempted to follow the westward-flowing rivers to find an "inland sea", but these were found to all flow into the <a href="/wiki/Murray_River" title="Murray River">Murray River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Darling_River" title="Darling River">Darling River</a>, which turn south. </p><p>From 1858 onwards, the so-called <a href="/wiki/Afghan_cameleers_in_Australia" title="Afghan cameleers in Australia">"Afghan" cameleers</a> and their beasts played an instrumental role in opening up the Outback and helping to build infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-australia.gov_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-australia.gov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the period 1858 to 1861, <a href="/wiki/John_McDouall_Stuart" title="John McDouall Stuart">John McDouall Stuart</a> led six expeditions north from <a href="/wiki/Adelaide,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelaide, South Australia">Adelaide, South Australia</a> into the Outback, culminating in successfully reaching the north coast of Australia and returning without the loss of any of the party's members' lives. This contrasts with the ill-fated <a href="/wiki/Burke_and_Wills_expedition" title="Burke and Wills expedition">Burke and Wills expedition</a> in 1860–61 which was much better funded, but resulted in the deaths of three of the members of the transcontinental party. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Overland_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Overland Telegraph">Overland Telegraph</a> line was constructed in the 1870s<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along the route identified by Stuart. </p><p>In 1865, the surveyor <a href="/wiki/George_Goyder" title="George Goyder">George Goyder</a>, using changes in vegetation patterns, mapped a <a href="/wiki/Goyder%27s_Line" title="Goyder's Line">line in South Australia</a>, north of which he considered rainfall to be too unreliable to support agriculture. </p><p>Exploration of the Outback continued in the 1950s when <a href="/wiki/Len_Beadell" title="Len Beadell">Len Beadell</a> explored, surveyed and built many roads in support of the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_tests_in_Australia" title="Nuclear weapons tests in Australia">nuclear weapons tests</a> at <a href="/wiki/Emu_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Emu Field">Emu Field</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maralinga,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Maralinga, South Australia">Maralinga</a> and rocket testing on the <a href="/wiki/Woomera_Prohibited_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Woomera Prohibited Area">Woomera Prohibited Area</a>. Mineral exploration continues as new mineral deposits are identified and developed. </p><p>2002 was declared the Year of the Outback.<sup id="cite_ref-lad_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lad-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the early explorers used horses to cross the Outback, the first woman to make the journey riding a horse was <a href="/wiki/Anna_Hingley" title="Anna Hingley">Anna Hingley</a>, who rode from <a href="/wiki/Broome,_Western_Australia" title="Broome, Western Australia">Broome</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cairns" title="Cairns">Cairns</a> in 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Interim_Biogeographic_Regionalisation_for_Australia" title="Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia">Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_significance">Global significance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Global significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_MacDonnell_National_Park.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/West_MacDonnell_National_Park.JPG/220px-West_MacDonnell_National_Park.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/West_MacDonnell_National_Park.JPG/330px-West_MacDonnell_National_Park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/West_MacDonnell_National_Park.JPG/440px-West_MacDonnell_National_Park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>MacDonnell Ranges in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> are found in the centre of the mainland</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fitzgerald_River_National_Park_DSC04436.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Fitzgerald_River_National_Park_DSC04436.JPG/220px-Fitzgerald_River_National_Park_DSC04436.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Fitzgerald_River_National_Park_DSC04436.JPG/330px-Fitzgerald_River_National_Park_DSC04436.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Fitzgerald_River_National_Park_DSC04436.JPG/440px-Fitzgerald_River_National_Park_DSC04436.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fitzgerald_River_National_Park" title="Fitzgerald River National Park">Fitzgerald River National Park</a> in Western Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>The paucity of industrial land use has led to the Outback being recognised globally as one of the largest remaining intact natural areas on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Global "<a href="/wiki/Human_Footprint" title="Human Footprint">Human Footprint</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and wilderness<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reviews highlight the importance of Outback Australia as one of the world's large natural areas, along with the <a href="/wiki/Boreal_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Boreal forests">Boreal forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">Tundra</a> regions in North America, the Sahara and Gobi deserts and the tropical forests of the Amazon and Congo Basins. The savanna (or grassy woodlands) of northern Australia are the largest, intact <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savanna</a> regions in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the south, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Woodlands" title="Great Western Woodlands">Great Western Woodlands</a>, which occupy 16,000,000 hectares (40,000,000 acres), an area larger than all of England and Wales, are the largest remaining temperate woodland left on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_ecosystems">Major ecosystems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Major ecosystems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reflecting the wide climatic and geological variation, the Outback contains a wealth of distinctive and ecologically rich ecosystems. Major land types include: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)" title="Kimberley (Western Australia)">Kimberley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pilbara" title="Pilbara">Pilbara</a> regions in northern Western Australia,</li> <li>sub-tropical savanna landscape of the <a href="/wiki/Top_End" title="Top End">Top End</a>,</li> <li>ephemeral water courses of the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Country" title="Channel Country">Channel Country</a> in western Queensland,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Deserts_of_Australia" title="Deserts of Australia">ten deserts</a> in central and western Australia,</li> <li>the Inland Ranges, such as the <a href="/wiki/MacDonnell_Ranges" title="MacDonnell Ranges">MacDonnell Ranges</a>, which provide topographic variation across the flat plains,</li> <li>the flat <a href="/wiki/Nullarbor_Plain" title="Nullarbor Plain">Nullarbor Plain</a> north of the Great Australian Bight, and</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Woodlands" title="Great Western Woodlands">Great Western Woodlands</a> in southern Western Australia.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wildlife">Wildlife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wildlife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Outback is full of very important well-adapted wildlife, although much of it may not be immediately visible to the casual observer. Many animals, such as <a href="/wiki/Red_kangaroo" title="Red kangaroo">red kangaroos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">dingoes</a>, hide in bushes to rest and keep cool during the heat of the day. </p><p>Birdlife is prolific, most often seen at waterholes at dawn and dusk. Huge flocks of <a href="/wiki/Budgerigar" title="Budgerigar">budgerigars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cockatoo" title="Cockatoo">cockatoos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corella_(bird)" title="Corella (bird)">corellas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galah" title="Galah">galahs</a> are often sighted. On bare ground or roads during the winter, various species of snakes and lizards bask in the sun, but they are rarely seen during the summer months. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Invasive_species_in_Australia" title="Invasive species in Australia">Feral animals</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Australian_feral_camel" title="Australian feral camel">camels</a> thrive in central Australia, brought to Australia by pastoralists and explorers, along with the early <a href="/wiki/Afghan_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan (Australia)">Afghan drivers</a>. Feral horses known as '<a href="/wiki/Brumby" title="Brumby">brumbies</a>' are station horses that have run wild. <a href="/wiki/Feral_pig#Australia" title="Feral pig">Feral pigs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_foxes_in_Australia" title="Red foxes in Australia">foxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feral_cats_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Feral cats in Australia">cats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feral_goats_in_Australia" title="Feral goats in Australia">goats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rabbits_in_Australia" title="Rabbits in Australia">rabbits</a> and other imported animals are also degrading the environment, so time and money is spent eradicating them in an attempt to help protect fragile rangelands. </p><p>The Outback is home to a diverse set of animal species, such as the kangaroo, <a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">emu</a> and dingo. The <a href="/wiki/Dingo_Fence" title="Dingo Fence">Dingo Fence</a> was built to restrict movements of dingoes and <a href="/wiki/Dingo%E2%80%93dog_hybrid" title="Dingo–dog hybrid">wild dogs</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into agricultural areas towards the south east of the continent. The marginally fertile parts are primarily utilised as rangelands and have been traditionally used for sheep or cattle grazing, on cattle stations which are leased from the Federal Government. While small areas of the outback consist of clay soils the majority has exceedingly infertile <a href="/wiki/Paleosols" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleosols">palaeosols</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Australian_Fossil_Mammal_Sites_(Riversleigh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh)">Riversleigh</a>, in Queensland, is one of Australia's most renowned fossil sites and was recorded as a World Heritage site in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 100 km<sup>2</sup> (39 sq mi) area contains fossil remains of ancient mammals, birds and reptiles of <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> age.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industry">Industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pastoralism">Pastoralism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pastoralism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISS007_Gosses_Bluff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ISS007_Gosses_Bluff.jpg/220px-ISS007_Gosses_Bluff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ISS007_Gosses_Bluff.jpg/330px-ISS007_Gosses_Bluff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ISS007_Gosses_Bluff.jpg/440px-ISS007_Gosses_Bluff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="2582" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gosses_Bluff_crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Gosses Bluff crater">Gosses Bluff crater</a>, one of a number of <a href="/wiki/Meteor" title="Meteor">meteor</a> <a href="/wiki/Impact_crater" title="Impact crater">impact craters</a> that can be found across outback Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>The largest industry across the Outback, in terms of the area occupied, is <a href="/wiki/Pastoralism" title="Pastoralism">pastoralism</a>, in which cattle, sheep, and sometimes goats are grazed in mostly intact, natural ecosystems. Widespread use of bore water, obtained from underground aquifers, including the <a href="/wiki/Great_Artesian_Basin" title="Great Artesian Basin">Great Artesian Basin</a>, has enabled livestock to be grazed across vast areas in which no permanent surface water exists naturally. </p><p>Capitalising on the lack of pasture improvement and absence of fertiliser and pesticide use, many Outback pastoral properties are certified as <a href="/wiki/Organic_farming" title="Organic farming">organic</a> livestock producers. In 2014, 17,000,000 hectares (42,000,000 acres), most of which is in Outback Australia, was fully certified as organic farm production, making Australia the largest certified organic production area in the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tourism is a major industry across the Outback, and commonwealth and state tourism agencies explicitly target Outback Australia as a desirable destination for domestic and international travellers. There is no breakdown of tourism revenues for the "Outback" <i>per se</i>. However, regional tourism is a major component of national tourism incomes. <a href="/wiki/Tourism_Australia" title="Tourism Australia">Tourism Australia</a> explicitly markets nature-based and Indigenous-led experiences to tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2015–2016 financial year, 815,000 visitors spent $988 million while on holidays in the Northern Territory alone.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are many popular tourist attractions in the Outback. Some of the well known destinations include <a href="/wiki/Karlu_Karlu_/_Devils_Marbles_Conservation_Reserve" title="Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve">Devils Marbles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kakadu_National_Park" title="Kakadu National Park">Kakadu National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kata_Tjuta" title="Kata Tjuta">Kata Tjuta</a> (The Olgas), <a href="/wiki/MacDonnell_Ranges" title="MacDonnell Ranges">MacDonnell Ranges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uluru" title="Uluru">Uluru (Ayers Rock)</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mining">Mining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other than agriculture and tourism, the main economic activity in this vast and sparsely settled area is mining. Owing to the almost complete absence of mountain building and glaciation since the <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a> (in many areas since the <a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian</a>) ages, the outback is extremely rich in iron, aluminium, <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> and uranium ores, and also contains major deposits of gold, nickel, copper, lead and zinc ores. Because of its size, the value of grazing and mining is considerable. Major mines and mining areas in the Outback include opals at <a href="/wiki/Coober_Pedy" title="Coober Pedy">Coober Pedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lightning_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightning Ridge">Lightning Ridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_Cliffs,_New_South_Wales" title="White Cliffs, New South Wales">White Cliffs</a>, metals at <a href="/wiki/Broken_Hill" title="Broken Hill">Broken Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennant_Creek" title="Tennant Creek">Tennant Creek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Dam_mine" title="Olympic Dam mine">Olympic Dam</a> and the remote <a href="/wiki/Challenger_Mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Challenger Mine">Challenger Mine</a>. Oil and gas are extracted in the <a href="/wiki/Cooper_Basin" title="Cooper Basin">Cooper Basin</a> around <a href="/wiki/Moomba,_South_Australia" title="Moomba, South Australia">Moomba</a>. </p><p>In Western Australia the <a href="/wiki/Argyle_diamond_mine" title="Argyle diamond mine">Argyle diamond mine</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)" title="Kimberley (Western Australia)">Kimberley</a> was once the world's biggest producer of natural diamonds and contributed approximately one-third of the world's natural supply, but was closed down in 2020 due to financial reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pilbara" title="Pilbara">Pilbara</a> region's economy is dominated by mining and petroleum industries. The Pilbara's oil and gas industry is the region's largest export industry, earning $5.0 billion in 2004/05 and accounting for over 96% of the State's production.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of Australia's <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a> is also mined in the Pilbara and it also has one of the world's major <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> mines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal</a> communities in outback regions, such as the <a href="/wiki/Anangu_Pitjantjatjara_Yankunytjatjara" class="mw-redirect" title="Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara">Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara</a> lands in northern South Australia, have not been displaced as they have been in areas of intensive agriculture and large cities, in coastal areas. </p><p>The total population of the Outback in Australia declined from 700,000 in 1996 to 690,000 in 2006. The largest decline was in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Australia" title="Central Australia">Outback Northern Territory</a>, while the Kimberley and Pilbara showed population increases during the same period. The sex ratio is 1040 males for 1000 females and 17% of the total population is indigenous.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Facilities">Facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RFDS_emergency_landing_strip_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/RFDS_emergency_landing_strip_sign.jpg/220px-RFDS_emergency_landing_strip_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/RFDS_emergency_landing_strip_sign.jpg/330px-RFDS_emergency_landing_strip_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/RFDS_emergency_landing_strip_sign.jpg/440px-RFDS_emergency_landing_strip_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Sign on the <a href="/wiki/Eyre_Highway" title="Eyre Highway">Eyre Highway</a> indicating that an RFDS emergency airstrip is ahead</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Doctor_Service_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia">Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/School_of_the_Air" title="School of the Air">School of the Air</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Doctor_Service" title="Royal Flying Doctor Service">Royal Flying Doctor Service</a> (RFDS) started service in 1928 and helps people who live in the outback of Australia. Previously, serious injuries or illnesses often meant death owing to the lack of proper medical facilities and trained personnel. </p><p>In many outback communities, the number of children is too small for a conventional school to operate. Children are educated at home by the <a href="/wiki/School_of_the_Air" title="School of the Air">School of the Air</a>. Originally the teachers communicated with the children via radio, but now satellite telecommunication is used instead. Some children attend boarding school, mostly only those in secondary school. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "outback" derives from the adverbial phrase referring to the back yard of a house<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, and came to be used <a href="/wiki/Meiosis_(figure_of_speech)" title="Meiosis (figure of speech)">meiotically</a> in the late 1800s to describe the vast sparsely settled regions of Australia behind the cities and towns. The earliest known use of the term in this context in print was in 1869, when the writer clearly meant the area west of <a href="/wiki/Wagga_Wagga,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagga Wagga, New South Wales">Wagga Wagga</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Coupe_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coupe-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, the adverbial use of the phrase was replaced with the present day noun form.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is colloquially said that "the outback" is located "beyond the <a href="/wiki/Black_Stump" title="Black Stump">Black Stump</a>". The location of the black stump may be some hypothetical location or may vary depending on local custom and folklore. It has been suggested that the term comes from the Black Stump Wine Saloon that once stood about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) out of <a href="/wiki/Coolah,_New_South_Wales" title="Coolah, New South Wales">Coolah, New South Wales</a> on the Gunnedah Road. It is claimed that the saloon, named after the nearby Black Stump Run and Black Stump Creek, was an important staging post for traffic to north-west New South Wales and it became a marker by which people gauged their journeys.<sup id="cite_ref-SMHOutback2005_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMHOutback2005-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"The <a href="/wiki/Never_Never_(Australian_outback)" title="Never Never (Australian outback)">Never-Never</a>" is a term referring to remoter parts of the Outback. The Outback can also be referred to as "back of beyond" or "back o' <a href="/wiki/Bourke,_New_South_Wales" title="Bourke, New South Wales">Bourke</a>", although these terms are more frequently used when referring to something a long way from anywhere, or a long way away. The well-watered north of the continent is often called the "<a href="/wiki/Top_End" title="Top End">Top End</a>" and the arid interior "The Red Centre", owing to its vast amounts of red soil and sparse greenery amongst its landscape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibb_River_Rd-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Gibb_River_Rd-1.jpg/220px-Gibb_River_Rd-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Gibb_River_Rd-1.jpg/330px-Gibb_River_Rd-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Gibb_River_Rd-1.jpg/440px-Gibb_River_Rd-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Road sign warning of potentially dangerous conditions ahead</figcaption></figure> <p>The outback is criss-crossed by historic tracks. Most of the major highways have an excellent <a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">bitumen</a> surface and other major roads are usually well-maintained dirt roads. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Highway" title="Stuart Highway">Stuart Highway</a> runs from north to south through the centre of the continent, roughly paralleled by the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide%E2%80%93Darwin_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelaide–Darwin railway">Adelaide–Darwin railway</a>. There is a proposal to develop some of the roads running from the south-west to the north-east to create an all-weather road named the <a href="/wiki/Outback_Highway" title="Outback Highway">Outback Highway</a>, crossing the continent diagonally from <a href="/wiki/Laverton,_Western_Australia" title="Laverton, Western Australia">Laverton, Western Australia</a> (north of <a href="/wiki/Kalgoorlie,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalgoorlie, Western Australia">Kalgoorlie</a>, through the Northern Territory to <a href="/wiki/Winton,_Queensland" title="Winton, Queensland">Winton</a>, in Queensland. </p><p>Air transport is relied on for mail delivery in some areas, owing to sparse settlement and wet-season road closures. Most outback mines have an airstrip and many have a <a href="/wiki/Fly-in_fly-out" title="Fly-in fly-out">fly-in fly-out</a> workforce. Most outback <a href="/wiki/Sheep_station" title="Sheep station">sheep stations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cattle_station" title="Cattle station">cattle stations</a> have an airstrip and quite a few have their own light plane. Medical and ambulance services are provided by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Doctor_Service" title="Royal Flying Doctor Service">Royal Flying Doctor Service</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_landmarks" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian landmarks">Australian landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushland" title="Bushland">Bushland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Australia" title="Central Australia">Central Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Country" title="Channel Country">Channel Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_outback_literature_of_the_20th_century" title="Australian outback literature of the 20th century">Australian outback literature of the 20th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian desert">Australian desert</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The "modern Outback" is an area determined by cultural and natural factors, from a study by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Charitable_Trusts" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Charitable Trusts">Pew Charitable Trusts</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As the definition of the outback varies by population, no universal figure can be determined. This figure is for the legally defined area of the Rangelands, which is sometimes referred to as the Outback.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As the definition of the outback varies by population, no universal figure can be determined. This figure is for the legally defined area of the Rangelands, which is sometimes referred to as the Outback.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2014/10/the-modern-outback">"The Modern Outback"</a>. <i>pewtrusts.org</i>. 14 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161218131310/http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2014/10/the-modern-outback">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pewtrusts.org&rft.atitle=The+Modern+Outback&rft.date=2014-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewtrusts.org%2Fen%2Fresearch-and-analysis%2Freports%2F2014%2F10%2Fthe-modern-outback&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutback" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://austrangesoc.com.au/from-the-president-14/">"FROM THE PRESIDENT | Australian Rangeland Society"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240308010032/https://austrangesoc.com.au/from-the-president-14/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FROM+THE+PRESIDENT+%7C+Australian+Rangeland+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faustrangesoc.com.au%2Ffrom-the-president-14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutback" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atoa-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-atoa_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSplattBurton1977" class="citation book cs1">Splatt, William; Burton, Barbara (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211031095558/https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1417435/Details"><i>A Treasury of Australian Landscape Painting</i></a>. Rigby. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780859020138" title="Special:BookSources/9780859020138"><bdi>9780859020138</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1417435/Details">the original</a> on 31 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Treasury+of+Australian+Landscape+Painting&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Rigby&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780859020138&rft.aulast=Splatt&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Burton%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalogue.nla.gov.au%2FRecord%2F1417435%2FDetails&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutback" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBligh2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Bligh" title="Anna Bligh">Bligh, Anna</a> (10 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170524033717/http://statements.qld.gov.au/statement/id/64301">"PREMIER UNVEILS QUEENSLAND'S 150 ICONS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Government" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tourism.australia.com&rft.atitle=Aboriginal+Tourism+%E2%80%93+Markets+%E2%80%93+Tourism+Australia&rft.aulast=Australia&rft.aufirst=Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourism.australia.com%2Faboriginal.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutback" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourismnt.com.au/en/research/latest-visitor-data">"Latest visitor data – Tourism NT Corporate Site"</a>. <i>tourismnt.com.au</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221162856/http://www.tourismnt.com.au/en/research/latest-visitor-data">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tourismnt.com.au&rft.atitle=Latest+visitor+data+%E2%80%93+Tourism+NT+Corporate+Site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourismnt.com.au%2Fen%2Fresearch%2Flatest-visitor-data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutback" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGomelsky2020" class="citation news cs1">Gomelsky, Victoria (17 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/17/fashion/jewelry-diamonds-argyle-mined-lab-grown.html">"Shopping for a Diamond Is About to Change"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230510190428/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/17/fashion/jewelry-diamonds-argyle-mined-lab-grown.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Shopping+for+a+Diamond+Is+About+to+Change&rft.date=2020-11-17&rft.aulast=Gomelsky&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F11%2F17%2Ffashion%2Fjewelry-diamonds-argyle-mined-lab-grown.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutback" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080719184734/http://www.pdc.wa.gov.au/industry/types-of-industries/oil-and-gas.aspx">Oil & Gas</a> <a href="/wiki/Pilbara_Development_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilbara Development Commission">Pilbara Development Commission</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325103731/http://www.cdu.edu.au/thenortherninstitute/documents/publications/Brief2009037outback_australia_and_the_NT.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdu.edu.au/thenortherninstitute/documents/publications/Brief2009037outback_australia_and_the_NT.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdu.edu.au%2Fthenortherninstitute%2Fdocuments%2Fpublications%2FBrief2009037outback_australia_and_the_NT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutback" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coupe-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coupe_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coupe, Sheena (ed.), Frontier Country, Vol. 1, Weldon Russell Publishing, Willoughby, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875202-01-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-875202-01-3">1-875202-01-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/7-bonzer-australian-words">"7 Bonzer Aussie Words"</a>. Merriam-Webster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120073633/https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/7-bonzer-australian-words">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=7+Bonzer+Aussie+Words&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fwords-at-play%2F7-bonzer-australian-words&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutback" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMHOutback2005-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMHOutback2005_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2005" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Daniel (17 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/outback/outer-limits/2005/05/16/1116095894531.html">"Outer limits"</a>. <i>The Age</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080426230617/http://www.theage.com.au/news/outback/outer-limits/2005/05/16/1116095894531.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Outer+limits&rft.date=2005-05-17&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Foutback%2Fouter-limits%2F2005%2F05%2F16%2F1116095894531.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutback" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dwyer, Andrew (2007). <i>Outback – Recipes and Stories from the Campfire</i> Miegunyah Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-85380-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-85380-3">978-0-522-85380-3</a></li> <li>Read, Ian G. (1995). <i>Australia's central and western outback : the driving guide</i> Crows Nest, N.S.W. Little Hills Press. Little Hills Press explorer guides <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86315-061-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-86315-061-7">1-86315-061-7</a></li> <li><i>Year of the Outback 2002</i>, Western Australia Perth, W.A.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outback&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Outback#Q569073" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Outback">Outback</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brokenhill.tripod.com/BrokenHill.htm">From this Broken Hill</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101228050544/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/50601/beautiful-australian-outback">Beautiful Australian Outback</a> – slideshow by <i><a href="/wiki/Life_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Life magazine">Life magazine</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714172521/http://www.hiddenjourneys.co.uk/Audio%20Slideshows.aspx#level_5">Audio slideshow: Outback Australia – The royal flying doctor service</a>. Carl Bridge, head of the Menzies Centre for Australian studies at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="King's College London School of Medicine">KCL</a>, outlines the history of the Royal Flying Doctor Service. <i>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society#Hidden_Journeys" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geography Society's Hidden Journeys</a> project</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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title="Old World">Old World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-world_model" title="Three-world model">Three/Four Worlds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_World" title="First World">First World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World" title="Second World">Second World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_World" title="Fourth World">Fourth World</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemispheres_of_Earth" title="Hemispheres of Earth">Hemispheres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_water_hemispheres" title="Land and water hemispheres">Land Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_water_hemispheres" title="Land and water hemispheres">Water Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landmass" title="Landmass">Landmasses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Africa-Eurasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submerged_continent" title="Submerged continent">submerged</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectonic_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic plates">Tectonic plates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Continents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Saharan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Antarctica" title="East Antarctica">East Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Plateau" title="Antarctic Plateau">Antarctic Plateau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transantarctic_Mountains" title="Transantarctic Mountains">Transantarctic Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Antarctica" title="West Antarctica">West Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Peninsula" title="Antarctic Peninsula">Antarctic Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aralkum_Desert" title="Aralkum Desert">Aralkum Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Asia" title="Greater Central Asia">Greater Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Mainland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_states" title="Himalayan states">Himalayan states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">Subregions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Russia" title="Southern Russia">Southern Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Peninsula" title="Scandinavian Peninsula">Scandinavian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">South-eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">South-western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Europe" title="Atlantic Europe">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">Northwestern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic-speaking Europe">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance-speaking Europe">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(Americas)" title="Middle America (Americas)">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Mountain states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_South_Central_states" title="West South Central states">West South Central United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Canada" title="Central Canada">Central Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">Eastern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mexico" title="Northern Mexico">Northern Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Anglo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_America" title="French America">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibero-America" title="Ibero-America">Ibero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_America" title="Portuguese America">Portuguese</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Mainland Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_Melanesia" title="Island Melanesia">Island Melanesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Basin_(sedimentary_basin)" title="Amazon Basin (sedimentary basin)">Amazon Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon Rainforest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community" title="Andean Community">Andean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Highlands" title="Brazilian Highlands">Brazilian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_South_America" title="Caribbean South America">Caribbean South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">The Guianas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cone" title="Southern Cone">Southern Cone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands" title="Lists of islands">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Africa" title="List of islands of Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands_of_the_Americas" title="Lists of islands of the Americas">America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_North_America" title="List of islands of North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Central_America" title="List of islands of Central America">Central America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_South_America" title="List of islands of South America">South America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Europe" title="List of islands of Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_islands_by_area" title="List of European islands by area">by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_islands_by_population" title="List of European islands by population">by population</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Oceania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Australia" title="List of islands of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Arctic_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Atlantic_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Baltic_Sea" title="List of islands in the Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Black_Sea" title="List of islands in the Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Irish_Sea" title="List of islands in the Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Mediterranean" title="List of islands in the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Adriatic" title="List of islands in the Adriatic">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aegean_Islands" title="List of Aegean Islands">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Sea</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Persian_Gulf" title="List of islands in the Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_East_China_Sea" title="List of islands in the East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_South_China_Sea" title="List of islands in the South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">Southern Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Oceans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Convergence" title="Antarctic Convergence">Antarctic Convergence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean#World_Ocean" title="Ocean">World Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Body_of_water" title="Body of water">waterbodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> 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