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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Coins">Coins</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p><b>ContextObjects in Spans</b> (<b>COinS</b>) is a method to embed <a href="/wiki/Bibliographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliographic">bibliographic</a> metadata in the <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> code of <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web pages</a>. This allows <a href="/wiki/Bibliographic_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliographic software">bibliographic software</a> to publish machine-readable bibliographic items and client reference management software to retrieve bibliographic <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>. The metadata can also be sent to an <a href="/wiki/OpenURL" title="OpenURL">OpenURL</a> resolver. This allows, for instance, searching for a copy of a book at a specific library.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zotero_and_OpenURL_referrer_example_showing_available_references.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A window of a referrer is open on a wikipedia article using citation templates with embedded COinS tags" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Zotero_and_OpenURL_referrer_example_showing_available_references.png/220px-Zotero_and_OpenURL_referrer_example_showing_available_references.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Zotero_and_OpenURL_referrer_example_showing_available_references.png/330px-Zotero_and_OpenURL_referrer_example_showing_available_references.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Zotero_and_OpenURL_referrer_example_showing_available_references.png/440px-Zotero_and_OpenURL_referrer_example_showing_available_references.png 2x" data-file-width="1137" data-file-height="823"></a><figcaption> An example of referrers acting on a wikipedia article using citation templates with embedded COinS tags</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Summary_of_the_data_model"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Summary of the data model</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Use_in_websites"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Use in websites</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Server-side_applications"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Server-side applications</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Client_tools"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Client tools</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=COinS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>In the late 1990s, <a href="/wiki/OpenURL" title="OpenURL">OpenURL</a> was created at <a href="/wiki/Ghent_University" title="Ghent University">Ghent University</a> as a framework to provide context-sensitive <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">links</a>. The OpenURL link server implementation called <a href="/wiki/SFX_(software)" title="SFX (software)">SFX</a> was sold to <a href="/wiki/Ex_Libris_Group" title="Ex Libris Group">Ex Libris Group</a> which marketed it to libraries, shaping the idea of a "link resolver". The OpenURL framework was later standardized as ANSI/NISO Z39.88 in 2004 (revised 2010).<sup id="cite_ref-Z39.88_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Z39.88-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A core part of OpenURL was the concept of "ContextObjects" as metadata to describe referenced resources. </p><p>In late 2004, Richard Cameron, the creator of <a href="/wiki/CiteULike" title="CiteULike">CiteULike</a>, drew attention to the need for a standard way of embedding metadata in HTML pages.<sup id="cite_ref-gcs-pcs-list-1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcs-pcs-list-1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2005, Daniel Chudnov suggested the use of OpenURL.<sup id="cite_ref-gcs-pcs-list-2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcs-pcs-list-2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Embedding OpenURL ContextObjects in HTML had been proposed before by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Van_de_Sompel" title="Herbert Van de Sompel">Herbert Van de Sompel</a> and Oren Beit-Arie<sup id="cite_ref-Van-de-Sompel_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van-de-Sompel-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a working paper by Chudnov and Jeremy Frumkin.<sup id="cite_ref-ChudnovFrumkin2004_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChudnovFrumkin2004-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Discussion of the latter on the GPS-PCS mailing list<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulted in a draft specification for embedding OpenURLs in HTML,<sup id="cite_ref-Hellman_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hellman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which later became COinS. A ContextObject is embedded in an HTML <a href="/wiki/Span_and_div" class="mw-redirect" title="Span and div">span</a> element. </p><p>The adoption of COinS was pushed by various publications and implementations. The specification was <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170424223448/http://ocoins.info/">OCOinS.info</a>, which includes specific guides to implement COinS for journal articles and books.<sup id="cite_ref-ocoins-info_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ocoins-info-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Summary_of_the_data_model">Summary of the data model</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=COinS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Summary of the data model" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>From OpenURL 1.0 COinS borrows one of its serialization formats ("KEV") and some ContextObject metadata formats included in OpenURL implementation guidelines.<sup id="cite_ref-Apps_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apps-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ContextObject implementation guidelines of COinS include four publication types (article with several subtypes, book, patent, and generic) and a couple of simple fields. However, the guidelines are not required part of COinS, so the standard does not provide a strict metadata model like <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core">Dublin Core</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Bibliographic_Ontology" title="Bibliographic Ontology">Bibliographic Ontology</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Use_in_websites">Use in websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=COinS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use in websites" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The following websites make use of COinS: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HubMed" title="HubMed">HubMed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a><sup id="cite_ref-WP:COinS_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP:COinS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Server-side_applications">Server-side applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=COinS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Server-side applications" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Server-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side">server-side</a> applications embed COinS, including <a href="/wiki/Refbase" title="Refbase">refbase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Client_tools">Client tools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=COinS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Client tools" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Client tools which can make use of COinS include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BibDesk" title="BibDesk">BibDesk</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookends_(software)" title="Bookends (software)">Bookends (Mac)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citavi" title="Citavi">Citavi</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibX" title="LibX">LibX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendeley" title="Mendeley">Mendeley</a><sup id="cite_ref-MendeleyCOinS_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MendeleyCOinS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ResearchGate" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a></li> <li>Sente (Mac)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zotero" title="Zotero">Zotero</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=COinS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Info_URI_scheme" title="Info URI scheme">Info URI scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_Microdata" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML Microdata">HTML Microdata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBART" class="mw-redirect" title="KBART">KBART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microformat" title="Microformat">Microformat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDFa" title="RDFa">RDFa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnAPI" title="UnAPI">UnAPI</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=COinS&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChudnov2006" class="citation journal cs1">Chudnov, Daniel (2006-07-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061022065455/http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6344742.html">"COinS for the Link Trail"</a>. <i>Library Journal</i>: <span class="nowrap">8–</span>10. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6344742.html">the original</a> on 2006-10-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Library+Journal&rft.atitle=COinS+for+the+Link+Trail&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8-%3C%2Fspan%3E10&rft.date=2006-07-14&rft.aulast=Chudnov&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.libraryjournal.com%2Farticle%2FCA6344742.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Z39.88-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Z39.88_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002222836/http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/project/details.php?project_id=82"><i>ANSI/NISO Z39.88-2004(R2010) – The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services</i></a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.onebiglibrary.net/yale/cipolo/gcs-pcs-list/2004-December/000004.html">the original</a> on 2011-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.onebiglibrary.net/yale/cipolo/gcs-pcs-list/2005-January/000010.html">the original</a> on 2011-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gcs-pcs-list&rft.atitle=sample+inline+openurl&rft.date=2005-01-06&rft.aulast=Chudnov&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.onebiglibrary.net%2Fyale%2Fcipolo%2Fgcs-pcs-list%2F2005-January%2F000010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Van-de-Sompel-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Van-de-Sompel_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_de_SompelBeit-Arie,_Oren2001" class="citation journal cs1">Van de Sompel, Herbert; Beit-Arie, Oren (July–August 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july01/vandesompel/07vandesompel.html">"Generalizing the OpenURL Framework beyond References to Scholarly Works – The Bison-Futé Model"</a>. <i>D-Lib Magazine</i>. <b>7</b> (7/8). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1045%2Fjuly2001-vandesompel">10.1045/july2001-vandesompel</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1082-9873">1082-9873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=D-Lib+Magazine&rft.atitle=Generalizing+the+OpenURL+Framework+beyond+References+to+Scholarly+Works+%E2%80%93+The+Bison-Fut%C3%A9+Model&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7%2F8&rft.date=2001-07%2F2001-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1045%2Fjuly2001-vandesompel&rft.issn=1082-9873&rft.aulast=Van+de+Sompel&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft.au=Beit-Arie%2C+Oren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dlib.org%2Fdlib%2Fjuly01%2Fvandesompel%2F07vandesompel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChudnovFrumkin2004-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChudnovFrumkin2004_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChudnovFrumkin2004" class="citation web cs1">Chudnov, Daniel; Frumkin, Jeremy (2004-12-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041215034305/http://curtis.med.yale.edu/dchud/writings/sa4rim.html">"Service Autodiscovery for Rapid Information Movement"</a>. <i>curtis.med.yale.edu</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latent+OpenURLs+in+HTML+for+Resource+Autodiscovery%2C+Localization+and+Personalization&rft.pub=OCOinS.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Focoins.info%2Flatent-class.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ocoins-info-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ocoins-info_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140913071820/http://ocoins.info/">"OpenURL COinS: A Convention to Embed Bibliographic Metadata in HTML"</a>. <i>ocoins.info</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Z39.88-2004+KEV+Implementation+Guidelines&rft.pub=MIMAS%2C+The+University+of+Manchester%2C+UK&rft.date=2003-04-16&rft.aulast=Apps&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepub.mimas.ac.uk%2Fopenurl%2FKEV_Guidelines-200706.html%23sect5_4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WP:COinS-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WP:COinS_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COinS">"Wikipedia:COinS"</a>. <i>Wikipedia</i>. 2019-12-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.atitle=Wikipedia%3ACOinS&rft.date=2019-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWikipedia%3ACOinS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.refbase.net/index.php/Standard_link_resolver_support:_OpenURL_&_COinS">"Standard link resolver support: OpenURL & COinS"</a>. <i>refbase</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bibdesk.sourceforge.io&rft.atitle=BibDesk+Help%3A+5.10.5+Web+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbibdesk.sourceforge.io%2Fmanual%2FBibDeskHelp_37.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.citavi.com/sub/manual5/en/index.html?picker_hunter.html">"Importing with the Hunter"</a>. <i>Citavi Manual</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zotero+Documentation&rft.atitle=dev%3Aexposing+metadata%3Acoins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zotero.org%2Fsupport%2Fdev%2Fexposing_metadata%2Fcoins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=COinS&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellman2009" class="citation web cs1">Hellman, Eric (2009-06-16) [2005]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170424223448/http://ocoins.info/">"OpenURL COinS: A convention to embed bibliographic metadata in HTML"</a> (1.0 ed.). OCLC New Jersey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocoins.info/">the original</a> on 2017-04-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OpenURL+COinS%3A+A+convention+to+embed+bibliographic+metadata+in+HTML&rft.edition=1.0&rft.pub=OCLC+New+Jersey&rft.date=2009-06-16&rft.aulast=Hellman&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Focoins.info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100430/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler?verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&set=Core:Metadata+Formats">"Registry for the OpenURL Framework – ANSI/NISO Z39.88-2004"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OCLC&rft.atitle=Registry+for+the+OpenURL+Framework+%E2%80%93+ANSI%2FNISO+Z39.88-2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falcme.oclc.org%2Fopenurl%2Fservlet%2FOAIHandler%3Fverb%3DListRecords%26metadataPrefix%3Doai_dc%26set%3DCore%3AMetadata%2BFormats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180410225713/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/docs/pdf/openurl-01.pdf">"OpenURL Syntax Description"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a></i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal">the original</a> on 2007-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book">the original</a> on 2007-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Matrix+defining+the+KEV+Format+to+represent+a+book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falcme.oclc.org%3A80%2Fopenurl%2Fservlet%2FOAIHandler%2Fextension%3Fverb%3DGetMetadata%26metadataPrefix%3Dmtx%26identifier%3Dinfo%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080317071414/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent">"Matrix defining the KEV Format to represent a patent"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent">the original</a> on 2008-03-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation">the original</a> on 2008-03-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Matrix+defining+the+KEV+Format+to+represent+a+dissertation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falcme.oclc.org%3A80%2Fopenurl%2Fservlet%2FOAIHandler%2Fextension%3Fverb%3DGetMetadata%26metadataPrefix%3Dmtx%26identifier%3Dinfo%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221223185401/http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.html">"Z39.88-2004: The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services The Key/Encoded-Value (KEV) Format Implementation Guidelines"</a>. June 2007. 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ACM. pp. <span class="nowrap">1673–</span>1676. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1244002.1244356">10.1145/1244002.1244356</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59593-480-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59593-480-2"><bdi>978-1-59593-480-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Exploiting+bibliographic+web+services+with+CiTeX&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+2007+ACM+symposium+on+Applied+computing&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1673-%3C%2Fspan%3E1676&rft.pub=ACM&rft.date=2007-03-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1244002.1244356&rft.isbn=978-1-59593-480-2&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonallo2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ronallo, Jason (2012-02-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.code4lib.org/articles/6400">"HTML5 microdata and Schema.org"</a>. <i>The Code4Lib Journal</i> (16) 6400. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1940-5758">1940-5758</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Code4Lib+Journal&rft.atitle=HTML5+microdata+and+Schema.org&rft.issue=16&rft.artnum=6400&rft.date=2012-02-03&rft.issn=1940-5758&rft.aulast=Ronallo&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.code4lib.org%2Farticles%2F6400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTannerFlitner2021" class="citation cs1">Tanner, Rene; Flitner, Debbie (2021-06-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keep.lib.asu.edu/system/files/2021-07/building-a-library-toolbar-with-libx.pdf"><i>Building a library toolbar with LibX</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Arizona State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+a+library+toolbar+with+LibX&rft.pub=Arizona+State+University&rft.date=2021-06-25&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=Rene&rft.au=Flitner%2C+Debbie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkeep.lib.asu.edu%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2F2021-07%2Fbuilding-a-library-toolbar-with-libx.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrainorPrice2010" class="citation journal cs1">Trainor, Cindi; Price, Jason S. (October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.ala.org/ltr/issue/view/167">"Rethinking library linking: Breathing new life into OpenURL"</a>. <i>Library Technology Reports: Expert Guides to Library Systems and Services</i>. <b>46</b> (7). <a href="/wiki/ALA_TechSource" class="mw-redirect" title="ALA TechSource">ALA TechSource</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.ala.org/ltr/article/view/4559">The future of OpenURL linking: Adaptation and expansion</a>, pp. 27-33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5860%2Fltr.46n7">10.5860/ltr.46n7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8389-5813-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8389-5813-1"><bdi>978-0-8389-5813-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0024-2586">0024-2586</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Library+Technology+Reports%3A+Expert+Guides+to+Library+Systems+and+Services&rft.atitle=Rethinking+library+linking%3A+Breathing+new+life+into+OpenURL&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=The+future+of+OpenURL+linking%3A+Adaptation+and+expansion%2C+pp.+27-33&rft.date=2010-10&rft.issn=0024-2586&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5860%2Fltr.46n7&rft.isbn=978-0-8389-5813-1&rft.aulast=Trainor&rft.aufirst=Cindi&rft.au=Price%2C+Jason+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.ala.org%2Fltr%2Fissue%2Fview%2F167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOinS" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=COinS&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120130531/http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.html">KEV implementation guidelines</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180302163916/http://vlib.mpg.de/sfx-coins.html">Using COinS from Max Planck virtual Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100626062405/http://www.oclc.org/productworks/coins.htm">What are COinS?</a> – from <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Computer Library Center">Online Computer Library Center</a></li></ul>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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