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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Aardwetenschappen" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Aardwetenschappen" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. 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accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Omschrijving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omschrijving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Omschrijving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Omschrijving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vakgebieden_binnen_de_aardwetenschappen_op_alfabetische_volgorde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vakgebieden_binnen_de_aardwetenschappen_op_alfabetische_volgorde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vakgebieden binnen de aardwetenschappen op alfabetische volgorde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vakgebieden_binnen_de_aardwetenschappen_op_alfabetische_volgorde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toepassingen_aardwetenschappelijke_kennis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toepassingen_aardwetenschappelijke_kennis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Toepassingen aardwetenschappelijke kennis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toepassingen_aardwetenschappelijke_kennis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aardwetenschappen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 122 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">122 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardwetenskap" title="Aardwetenskap – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aardwetenskap" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencias_d%27a_Tierra" title="Ciencias d'a Tierra – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ciencias d'a Tierra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6" title="علوم الأرض – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علوم الأرض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ভূ-বিজ্ঞান – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভূ-বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencies_de_la_Tierra" title="Ciencies de la Tierra – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciencies de la Tierra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yer_haqq%C4%B1nda_elml%C9%99r" title="Yer haqqında elmlər – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yer haqqında elmlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B5_%D3%A9%D0%B9%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80" title="Ерҙе өйрәнеүсе фәндәр – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ерҙе өйрәнеүсе фәндәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muokslos_api_%C5%BDem%C4%97" title="Muokslos api Žemė – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Muokslos api Žemė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Навукі аб Зямлі – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Навукі аб Зямлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8E" title="Навукі пра Зямлю – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Навукі пра Зямлю" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Науки за Земята – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Науки за Земята" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पृथ्वी बिज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पृथ्वी बिज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" title="ကမ္ဘာႏဟံႏသိပ္ပံ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကမ္ဘာႏဟံႏသိပ္ပံ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ভূবিজ্ঞান – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skianto%C3%B9_an_douar" title="Skiantoù an douar – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skiantoù an douar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A8ncies_de_la_Terra" title="Ciències de la Terra – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciències de la Terra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AA-gi%C3%B9_Ku%C5%8F-h%C5%8Fk" title="Dê-giù Kuŏ-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dê-giù Kuŏ-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Дуьненах лаьцна Ӏилманаш – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дуьненах лаьцна Ӏилманаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%88%DB%8C" title="زانستی زەوی – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانستی زەوی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienze_di_a_Terra" title="Scienze di a Terra – Corsicaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Scienze di a Terra" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsicaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%9Bdy_o_Zemi" title="Vědy o Zemi – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vědy o Zemi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwyddorau_daear" title="Gwyddorau daear – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwyddorau daear" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geovidenskab" title="Geovidenskab – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Geovidenskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geowissenschaften" title="Geowissenschaften – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geowissenschaften" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%A8%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ބިމުގެ އިލްމު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބިމުގެ އިލްމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Γεωεπιστήμες – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωεπιστήμες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_science" title="Earth science – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Earth science" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terscienco" title="Terscienco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Terscienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencias_de_la_Tierra" title="Ciencias de la Tierra – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciencias de la Tierra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maateadus" title="Maateadus – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maateadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurraren_zientziak" title="Lurraren zientziak – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurraren zientziak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="علوم زمین – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علوم زمین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotieteet" title="Geotieteet – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Geotieteet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciences_de_la_Terre" title="Sciences de la Terre – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sciences de la Terre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciences_de_la_T%C3%A8rra" title="Sciences de la Tèrra – Arpitaans" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Sciences de la Tèrra" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siencis_de_tiere" title="Siencis de tiere – Friulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Siencis de tiere" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierdwittenskip" title="Ierdwittenskip – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ierdwittenskip" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eola%C3%ADocht_an_domhain" title="Eolaíocht an domhain – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eolaíocht an domhain" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencias_da_Terra" title="Ciencias da Terra – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ciencias da Terra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowan-oaylleeaght" title="Dowan-oaylleeaght – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Dowan-oaylleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_science" title="Earth science – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Earth science" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi-khi%C3%B9_Kh%C3%B4-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Thi-khiù Khô-ho̍k – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thi-khiù Khô-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%9B%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="מדעי כדור הארץ – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדעי כדור הארץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="भौमिकी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भौमिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoznanosti" title="Geoznanosti – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Geoznanosti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6ldtudom%C3%A1ny" title="Földtudomány – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Földtudomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Երկրագիտություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկրագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientias_del_Terra" title="Scientias del Terra – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Scientias del Terra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_kebumian" title="Ilmu kebumian – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ilmu kebumian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cienci_di_la_Tero" title="Cienci di la Tero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cienci di la Tero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0v%C3%ADsindi" title="Jarðvísindi – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jarðvísindi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienze_della_Terra" title="Scienze della Terra – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scienze della Terra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球科学 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地球科学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oert_sayans" title="Oert sayans – Jamaicaans Creools" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Oert sayans" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaicaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tedyske" title="tedyske – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tedyske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lmu_bumi" title="Èlmu bumi – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Èlmu bumi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="დედამიწის მეცნიერებები – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დედამიწის მეცნიერებები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жер туралы ғылымдар – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жер туралы ғылымдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೂಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೂಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="지구과학 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지구과학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientia_telluris" title="Scientia telluris – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Scientia telluris" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geow%C3%ABssenschaften" title="Geowëssenschaften – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Geowëssenschaften" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerdweitesjappe" title="Aerdweitesjappe – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aerdweitesjappe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%97s_mokslai" title="Žemės mokslai – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žemės mokslai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemes_zin%C4%81tne" title="Zemes zinātne – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zemes zinātne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilimu_bumi" title="Ilimu bumi – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ilimu bumi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Науки за Земјата – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Науки за Земјата" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Дэлхий судлал – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэлхий судлал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains_bumi" title="Sains bumi – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sains bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xjenza_tad-Dinja" title="Xjenza tad-Dinja – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Xjenza tad-Dinja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A9ncia_de_la_Tierra" title="Ciéncia de la Tierra – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ciéncia de la Tierra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" title="ကမ္ဘာမြေ သိပ္ပံ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကမ္ဘာမြေ သိပ္ပံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerdwetenschoppen" title="Eerdwetenschoppen – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Eerdwetenschoppen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerdwetenschoppen" title="Eerdwetenschoppen – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Eerdwetenschoppen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पृथ्वी विज्ञान – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पृथ्वी विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geofag" title="Geofag – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Geofag" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geovitenskap" title="Geovitenskap – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Geovitenskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teral_sienties" title="Teral sienties – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Teral sienties" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncias_de_la_T%C3%A8rra" title="Sciéncias de la Tèrra – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sciéncias de la Tèrra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਧਰਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧਰਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauki_o_Ziemi" title="Nauki o Ziemi – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nauki o Ziemi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%81%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%DB%90" title="ځمکپوهنې – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ځمکپوهنې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoci%C3%AAncia" title="Geociência – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geociência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienzas_da_la_Terra" title="Scienzas da la Terra – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Scienzas da la Terra" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Bele_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului" title="Științele Pământului – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Științele Pământului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Науки о Земле – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Науки о Земле" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="भूगर्भशास्त्रम् – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भूगर्भशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80_%D2%AF%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D" title="Сир үөрэхтэрэ – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сир үөрэхтэрэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isci%C3%A8ntzias_de_sa_Terra" title="Iscièntzias de sa Terra – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Iscièntzias de sa Terra" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienzi_d%C3%A2_terra" title="Scienzi dâ terra – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Scienzi dâ terra" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yird_science" title="Yird science – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yird science" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8C%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3" title="ڌرتي سائنس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڌرتي سائنس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauke_o_Zemlji" title="Nauke o Zemlji – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nauke o Zemlji" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timassanin_n_wakal" title="Timassanin n wakal – Tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Timassanin n wakal" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_science" title="Earth science – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Earth science" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedy_o_Zemi" title="Vedy o Zemi – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vedy o Zemi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vede_o_Zemlji" title="Vede o Zemlji – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vede o Zemlji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkencat_e_Tok%C3%ABs" title="Shkencat e Tokës – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkencat e Tokës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BE_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%B8" title="Науке о Земљи – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Науке о Земљи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84idkunde_af_Geowietenskuppe" title="Äidkunde af Geowietenskuppe – Saterfries" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Äidkunde af Geowietenskuppe" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lmu_bumi" title="Élmu bumi – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Élmu bumi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geovetenskap" title="Geovetenskap – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Geovetenskap" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayansi_za_dunia" title="Sayansi za dunia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sayansi za dunia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="புவி அறிவியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புவி அறிவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%82_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="భూ శాస్త్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భూ శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81" title="วิทยาศาสตร์โลก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิทยาศาสตร์โลก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agham_pandaigdig" title="Agham pandaigdig – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Agham pandaigdig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yer_bilimleri" title="Yer bilimleri – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yer bilimleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayensi_ya_Misava" title="Sayensi ya Misava – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Sayensi ya Misava" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D3%A9%D0%B9%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BD%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B5_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%BD%D3%99%D1%80" title="Җирне өйрәнүче фәннәр – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җирне өйрәнүче фәннәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8E" title="Науки про Землю – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Науки про Землю" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="زمینیات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زمینیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siense_de_%C5%82a_Tera" title="Siense de ła Tera – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Siense de ła Tera" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Tr%C3%A1i_%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t" title="Khoa học Trái Đất – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khoa học Trái Đất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyensya_han_Kalibutan" title="Siyensya han Kalibutan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Siyensya han Kalibutan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xam-xamu_suuf_si_ak_jawwu_ji" title="Xam-xamu suuf si ak jawwu ji – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Xam-xamu suuf si ak jawwu ji" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="地球科學 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地球科學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="დიხაუჩაშ მენცარობეფი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიხაუჩაშ მენცარობეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98" title="ערד וויסנשאפט – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ערד וויסנשאפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球科学 – Chinees" lang="zh" 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lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56498100">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Deel van een <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Aardwetenschappen" title="Categorie:Aardwetenschappen">serie</a> artikelen over</span><br /><big><big>Aardwetenschappen</big></big> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Turquoise_Swirls_in_the_Black_Sea.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Westelijk zicht op de Zwarte Zee"><img alt="Westelijk zicht op de Zwarte Zee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Turquoise_Swirls_in_the_Black_Sea.jpg/264px-Turquoise_Swirls_in_the_Black_Sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Turquoise_Swirls_in_the_Black_Sea.jpg/396px-Turquoise_Swirls_in_the_Black_Sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Turquoise_Swirls_in_the_Black_Sea.jpg/528px-Turquoise_Swirls_in_the_Black_Sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="7000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><small><i>Westelijk zicht op de <a href="/wiki/Zwarte_Zee" title="Zwarte Zee">Zwarte Zee</a></i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3">Vakgebieden </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"> <p><a href="/wiki/Aardatmosfeer" title="Aardatmosfeer">Atmosferische wetenschappen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bodemkunde" title="Bodemkunde">Bodemkunde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fysische_geografie" title="Fysische geografie">Fysische geografie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geochemie" title="Geochemie">Geochemie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geodesie" title="Geodesie">Geodesie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie">Geologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geofysica" title="Geofysica">Geofysica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Glaciologie" title="Glaciologie">Glaciologie</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3">Vaste Aarde </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"> <p><a href="/wiki/Aardbeving" title="Aardbeving">Aardbeving</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aardkern" title="Aardkern">Aardkern</a> · <a href="/wiki/Asthenosfeer" title="Asthenosfeer">Asthenosfeer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gebergtevorming" title="Gebergtevorming">Gebergtevorming</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lithosfeer" title="Lithosfeer">Lithosfeer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Platentektoniek" title="Platentektoniek">Platentektoniek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Seismologie" title="Seismologie">Seismologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vulkanisme" title="Vulkanisme">Vulkanisme</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3">Aardatmosfeer </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"> <p><a href="/wiki/Aardmagnetisch_veld" title="Aardmagnetisch veld">Aardmagnetisch veld</a> · <a href="/wiki/Atmosfeerchemie" title="Atmosfeerchemie">Atmosfeerchemie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Atmosferische_circulatie" title="Atmosferische circulatie">Circulatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat">Klimaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Milieuwetenschappen" title="Milieuwetenschappen">Milieu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ozonlaag" title="Ozonlaag">Ozonlaag</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3">Biosfeer en hydrosfeer </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"> <p><a href="/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie">Biogeografie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie">Ecologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gletsjer" title="Gletsjer">Gletsjer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hydrologie" title="Hydrologie">Hydrologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oceanografie" title="Oceanografie">Oceanografie</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop center notheme" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Aardwetenschappen" title="Portaal:Aardwetenschappen">Aardwetenschappen</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Aardwetenschappen</b>, ook wel <b>geowetenschappen</b>, is de verzamelnaam voor alle <a href="/wiki/Natuurwetenschap" title="Natuurwetenschap">natuurwetenschappen</a> die de planeet <a href="/wiki/Aarde_(planeet)" title="Aarde (planeet)">Aarde</a> bestuderen. Het is de tak van de wetenschap die zich bezighoudt met de <a href="/wiki/Opbouw_van_de_Aarde#Vaste_Aarde" title="Opbouw van de Aarde">fysieke samenstelling</a> van de aarde, het geheel aan <a href="/wiki/Hydrosfeer" title="Hydrosfeer">watervoorraden</a> die er voorkomen en haar <a href="/wiki/Aardatmosfeer" title="Aardatmosfeer">atmosfeer</a>. Aardwetenschappers gebruiken principes uit de <a href="/wiki/Geografie" class="mw-redirect" title="Geografie">geografie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chronologie" title="Chronologie">chronologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde">natuurkunde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scheikunde" title="Scheikunde">scheikunde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie">biologie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Wiskunde" title="Wiskunde">wiskunde</a> om een begrip te krijgen van hoe de aarde werkt en verandert. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Omschrijving">Omschrijving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aardwetenschappen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Omschrijving" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aardwetenschappen&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Omschrijving"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aardwetenschappen omvatten de traditionele wetenschappen als <a href="/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie">geologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fysische_geografie" title="Fysische geografie">fysische geografie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geofysica" title="Geofysica">geofysica</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ingenieursgeologie" title="Ingenieursgeologie">ingenieursgeologie</a>, die zich met de <a href="/wiki/Lithosfeer" title="Lithosfeer">lithosfeer</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Gesteente" title="Gesteente">gesteenten</a> en hun ontstaan en gedrag bezighouden. Daarnaast richten de aardwetenschappen zich ook op de <a href="/wiki/Aardatmosfeer" title="Aardatmosfeer">atmosfeer</a>, en de <a href="/wiki/Hydrosfeer" title="Hydrosfeer">hydrosfeer</a> waarbinnen zich de aardse <a href="/wiki/Waterkringloop" title="Waterkringloop">waterkringloop</a> tussen vloeibaar water, <a href="/wiki/Waterdamp" title="Waterdamp">waterdamp</a> en ijs afspeelt. Daarom behoren ook wetenschappen als <a href="/wiki/Hydrologie" title="Hydrologie">hydrologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glaciologie" title="Glaciologie">glaciologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie">meteorologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klimatologie" title="Klimatologie">klimatologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrografie" title="Hydrografie">hydrografie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geodesie" title="Geodesie">geodesie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oceanografie" title="Oceanografie">oceanografie</a> tot de aardwetenschappen. De <a href="/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie">biogeografie</a> richt zich op de <a href="/wiki/Biosfeer" title="Biosfeer">biosfeer</a>. De biogeografie wordt vaak tot de biologie gerekend, waar het een aanzet vormde tot het ontstaan van het <a href="/wiki/Vakgebied" title="Vakgebied">vakgebied</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie">ecologie</a>. De natuurkunde, scheikunde, wiskunde en biologie zijn binnen de aardwetenschap de <a href="/wiki/Hulpwetenschap" title="Hulpwetenschap">hulpwetenschappen</a>. </p><p>Aangezien de aarde een <a href="/wiki/Planeet" title="Planeet">planeet</a> is, kunnen de aardwetenschappen ook als een tak van de <a href="/wiki/Planetologie" title="Planetologie">planetologie</a> beschouwd worden. Aardwetenschappelijke <a href="/wiki/Kennis_(wetenschap)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennis (wetenschap)">kennis</a>, met name <a href="/wiki/Geomorfologie" title="Geomorfologie">geomorfologie</a>, wordt bijvoorbeeld ook toegepast voor de zoektocht naar sporen van water, sneeuw en ijs op de planeet <a href="/wiki/Mars_(planeet)" title="Mars (planeet)">Mars</a>. </p><p>Zoals bij alle wetenschappen wordt binnen de aardwetenschappen de <a href="/wiki/Wetenschappelijke_methode" title="Wetenschappelijke methode">wetenschappelijke methode</a> gehanteerd: men doet waarnemingen (of verzamelt gegevens), formuleert een hypothese, leidt een voorspelling af en toetst deze. In de aardwetenschappen spelen gegevens een kritische rol in het formuleren en testen van <a href="/wiki/Hypothese" title="Hypothese">hypothesen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vakgebieden_binnen_de_aardwetenschappen_op_alfabetische_volgorde">Vakgebieden binnen de aardwetenschappen op alfabetische volgorde</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aardwetenschappen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vakgebieden binnen de aardwetenschappen op alfabetische volgorde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aardwetenschappen&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vakgebieden binnen de aardwetenschappen op alfabetische volgorde"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68175564">.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst ul,.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-0 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-0 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{line-height:1.5714285em}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{line-height:1.6em}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-2 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-2 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst figure{break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{clear:both}}</style><div class="kolommen-lijst" style="column-width:12em; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeologie" title="Biogeologie">biogeologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie">biogeografie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodemkunde" title="Bodemkunde">bodemkunde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fysische_geografie" title="Fysische geografie">fysische geografie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoarcheologie" title="Geoarcheologie">geoarcheologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geochemie" title="Geochemie">geochemie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodesie" title="Geodesie">geodesie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo-informatica" title="Geo-informatica">geo-informatica</a> (GIS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geofysica" title="Geofysica">geofysica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie">geologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomorfologie" title="Geomorfologie">geomorfologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaciologie" title="Glaciologie">glaciologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrografie" title="Hydrografie">hydrografie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrologie" title="Hydrologie">hydrologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenieursgeologie" title="Ingenieursgeologie">ingenieursgeologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimatologie" title="Klimatologie">klimatologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnologie" title="Limnologie">limnologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie">meteorologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijnbouwkunde" title="Mijnbouwkunde">mijnbouwkunde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milieukunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Milieukunde">milieukunde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineralogie" title="Mineralogie">mineralogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanografie" title="Oceanografie">oceanografie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoceanografie" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleoceanografie">paleoceanografie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoklimatologie" title="Paleoklimatologie">paleoklimatologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontologie" title="Paleontologie">paleontologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleozo%C3%B6logie" title="Paleozoölogie">paleozoölogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrologie" title="Petrologie">petrologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwartairgeologie" title="Kwartairgeologie">kwartairgeologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionale_geologie" title="Regionale geologie">regionale geologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedimentologie" title="Sedimentologie">sedimentologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seismologie" title="Seismologie">seismologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speleologie" title="Speleologie">speleologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratigrafie" title="Stratigrafie">stratigrafie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulkanologie" title="Vulkanologie">vulkanologie</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Sommige van deze vakgebieden hebben raakvlakken met andere wetenschappen. Fysische geografie valt bijvoorbeeld zowel onder aardwetenschappen als onder <a href="/wiki/Geografie" class="mw-redirect" title="Geografie">geografie</a>, en biogeologie en paleontologie vallen ook onder <a href="/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie">biologie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toepassingen_aardwetenschappelijke_kennis">Toepassingen aardwetenschappelijke kennis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aardwetenschappen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Toepassingen aardwetenschappelijke kennis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aardwetenschappen&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Toepassingen aardwetenschappelijke kennis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aard-wetenschappelijke kennis wordt veel toegepast in de winning van <a href="/wiki/Fossiele_brandstoffen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossiele brandstoffen">fossiele brandstoffen</a> zoals <a href="/wiki/Aardolie" title="Aardolie">aardolie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aardgas" title="Aardgas">aardgas</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Civiele_techniek" title="Civiele techniek">civiele techniek</a> (denk aan bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">tunnels</a>), en de <a href="/wiki/Landbouw" title="Landbouw">landbouw</a>. Ook het voorspellen van rampen als <a href="/wiki/Aardbeving" title="Aardbeving">aardbevingen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vulkaanuitbarsting" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulkaanuitbarsting">vulkaanuitbarstingen</a> behoren tot het werkterrein. </p><p>Binnen het vakgebied van de aardwetenschappen vallen ook enkele van de mondiale milieuvraagstukken: is er sprake van een <a href="/wiki/Opwarming_van_de_Aarde" title="Opwarming van de Aarde">globale temperatuurstijging</a> als gevolg van het versterkte <a href="/wiki/Broeikaseffect" title="Broeikaseffect">broeikaseffect</a>? Wat zijn de gevolgen van deze temperatuurstijging voor een toekomstige <a href="/wiki/Zeespiegelstijging" title="Zeespiegelstijging">zeespiegelstijging</a>? Hoe zit het met het <a href="/wiki/Gat_in_de_ozonlaag" title="Gat in de ozonlaag">gat in de ozonlaag</a> boven de <a href="/wiki/Zuidpool" title="Zuidpool">zuidpool</a>? Hoe vinden we voldoende <a href="/wiki/Drinkwater" title="Drinkwater">drinkwater</a> voor iedereen? </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aardwetenschappen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aardwetenschappen&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r63829521">.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten{padding:0;font-size:90%;clear:both;margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein{padding-bottom:5px;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-kop{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-lijst{display:inline;margin-left:0;padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-kop,.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten li,.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein li{display:inline-block;margin:0.4em 0.6em;white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.4em;width:12.5em}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein li{width:17.5em;max-height:20px}.mw-parser-output .zuster-logo{display:inline-block;text-align:center;width:34px}.mw-parser-output .zuster-tekst{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein .zuster-op{display:inline}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten li,.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein li{max-height:initial;line-height:inherit}}</style> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-klein zusterprojecten-klein infobox noprint"> <div class="zusterprojecten-kop"><b>Op andere <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia</a>-projecten</b></div><br /> <ul class="zusterprojecten-lijst"> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Earth_sciences" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Earth sciences">Mediabestanden</a></div><li><div class="zuster-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="zuster-tekst"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Earth_sciences" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Earth sciences"><i><b>Media</b></i></a><div class="zuster-op"> op Commons</div></div></li><div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/aardwetenschappen" class="extiw" title="wikt:aardwetenschappen">WikiWoordenboek</a></div><li><div class="zuster-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/23px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/46px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="zuster-tekst"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/aardwetenschappen" class="extiw" title="wikt:aardwetenschappen"><i><b>Definitie</b></i></a><div class="zuster-op"> op WikiWoordenboek</div></div></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geologisch_tijdperk" title="Geologisch tijdperk">Geologisch tijdperk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datering" title="Datering">Datering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grond_(aarde)" title="Grond (aarde)">Grond (aarde)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijsten_van_landen" title="Lijsten van landen">Lijsten van landen</a> (doorverwijspagina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_termen_in_de_aardwetenschappen" title="Lijst van termen in de aardwetenschappen">Lijst van termen in de aardwetenschappen</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Vakgebieden_van_de_aardwetenschappen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_aardwetenschappen" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie aardwetenschappen"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Vakgebieden_van_de_aardwetenschappen" class="navigatie-titel">Vakgebieden van de <a class="mw-selflink selflink">aardwetenschappen</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bodemkunde" title="Bodemkunde">Bodemkunde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie">Biogeografie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biogeologie" title="Biogeologie">Biogeologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fysische_geografie" title="Fysische geografie">Fysische geografie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geoarcheologie" title="Geoarcheologie">Geoarcheologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geochemie" title="Geochemie">Geochemie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geodesie" title="Geodesie">Geodesie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geofysica" title="Geofysica">Geofysica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geomorfologie" title="Geomorfologie">Geomorfologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie">Geologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Glaciologie" title="Glaciologie">Glaciologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hydrografie" title="Hydrografie">Hydrografie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hydrologie" title="Hydrologie">Hydrologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klimatologie" title="Klimatologie">Klimatologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Limnologie" title="Limnologie">Limnologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie">Meteorologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mijnbouwkunde" title="Mijnbouwkunde">Mijnbouwkunde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mineralogie" title="Mineralogie">Mineralogie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oceanografie" title="Oceanografie">Oceanografie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paleo-oceanografie" title="Paleo-oceanografie">Paleo-oceanografie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paleoklimatologie" title="Paleoklimatologie">Paleoklimatologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paleontologie" 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