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href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Fossiele+brandstof" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Fossiele+brandstof" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Fossiele+brandstof" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Fossiele+brandstof" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ontstaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontstaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ontstaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontstaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voordelen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voordelen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Voordelen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voordelen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geopolitiek_effect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geopolitiek_effect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geopolitiek effect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geopolitiek_effect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Milieu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Milieu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Milieu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Milieu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Milieu-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Milieu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verbranding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbranding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Verbranding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbranding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Winning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Winning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Winning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Winning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directe_en_indirecte_subsidie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directe_en_indirecte_subsidie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Directe en indirecte subsidie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directe_en_indirecte_subsidie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbruik_van_fossiele_brandstoffen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbruik_van_fossiele_brandstoffen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Verbruik van fossiele brandstoffen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbruik_van_fossiele_brandstoffen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fossiele_zonne-energie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fossiele_zonne-energie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Fossiele zonne-energie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fossiele_zonne-energie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fossiele brandstof</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 105 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-105" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">105 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossielbrandstof" title="Fossielbrandstof – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fossielbrandstof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossile_Energie" title="Fossile Energie – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fossile Energie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible_f%C3%B3sil" title="Combustible fósil – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Combustible fósil" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="وقود أحفوري – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وقود أحفوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible_f%C3%B3sil" title="Combustible fósil – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Combustible fósil" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qal%C4%B1q_yanacaqlar" title="Qalıq yanacaqlar – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qalıq yanacaqlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Ҡаҙылма яғыулыҡ – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡаҙылма яғыулыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%96%C5%A1kast%C4%97nis_kors" title="Ėškastėnis kors – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ėškastėnis kors" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Fossil fuel" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Выкапнёвае паліва – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Выкапнёвае паліва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Выкапнёвае паліва – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Выкапнёвае паліва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Изкопаемо гориво – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изкопаемо гориво" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="জীবাশ্ম জ্বালানি – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জীবাশ্ম জ্বালানি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trelosk_kondon" title="Trelosk kondon – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Trelosk kondon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosilna_goriva" title="Fosilna goriva – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fosilna goriva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Малтамал түлишэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Малтамал түлишэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible_f%C3%B2ssil" title="Combustible fòssil – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Combustible fòssil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="سووتەمەنیی فۆسیلی – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سووتەمەنیی فۆسیلی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosiln%C3%AD_palivo" title="Fosilní palivo – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fosilní palivo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanwydd_ffosil" title="Tanwydd ffosil – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tanwydd ffosil" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilt_br%C3%A6ndstof_og_br%C3%A6ndsel" title="Fossilt brændstof og brændsel – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fossilt brændstof og brændsel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossile_Energie" title="Fossile Energie – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fossile Energie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Ορυκτά καύσιμα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ορυκτά καύσιμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fossil fuel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosilia_brula%C4%B5o" title="Fosilia brulaĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fosilia brulaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible_f%C3%B3sil" title="Combustible fósil – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Combustible fósil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossiilk%C3%BCtus" title="Fossiilkütus – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fossiilkütus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erregai_fosil" title="Erregai fosil – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erregai fosil" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="سوخت فسیلی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوخت فسیلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossiilinen_polttoaine" title="Fossiilinen polttoaine – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fossiilinen polttoaine" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible_fossile" title="Combustible fossile – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Combustible fossile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breosla_iontaise" title="Breosla iontaise – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Breosla iontaise" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konbistib_fosil" title="Konbistib fosil – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Konbistib fosil" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible_f%C3%B3sil" title="Combustible fósil – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Combustible fósil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B3%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%A3" title="અશ્મિય બળતણ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અશ્મિય બળતણ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%A7_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="דלק מאובנים – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דלק מאובנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="जीवाश्म ईंधन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीवाश्म ईंधन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Fossil fuel" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosilna_goriva" title="Fosilna goriva – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fosilna goriva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konbistib_fosil" title="Konbistib fosil – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Konbistib fosil" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosszilis_t%C3%BCzel%C5%91anyagok" title="Fosszilis tüzelőanyagok – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fosszilis tüzelőanyagok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%84" title="Օրգանական հանածո վառելիք – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օրգանական հանածո վառելիք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustibile_fossile" title="Combustibile fossile – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Combustibile fossile" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan_bakar_fosil" title="Bahan bakar fosil – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahan bakar fosil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosila_fuelo" title="Fosila fuelo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fosila fuelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0efnaeldsneyti" title="Jarðefnaeldsneyti – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jarðefnaeldsneyti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustibile_fossile" title="Combustibile fossile – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Combustibile fossile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="化石燃料" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AC%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="წიაღისეული საწვავი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წიაღისეული საწვავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Қазбалы отын – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қазбалы отын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%A8" title="ಪಳೆಯುಳಿಕೆಯ ಇಂಧನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಳೆಯುಳಿಕೆಯ ಇಂಧನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C" title="화석연료 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화석연료" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomes_fossilis" title="Fomes fossilis – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fomes fossilis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustibel_fossil" title="Combustibel fossil – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Combustibel fossil" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%C3%A1_ebembe" title="Nguyá ebembe – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nguyá ebembe" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%A1kastinis_kuras" title="Iškastinis kuras – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Iškastinis kuras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degizraktenis" title="Degizraktenis – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Degizraktenis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandoro_f%C3%B4sily" title="Fandoro fôsily – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fandoro fôsily" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Фосилно гориво – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фосилно гориво" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ഖനിജ ഇന്ധനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖനിജ ഇന്ധനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Шатах ашигт малтмал – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шатах ашигт малтмал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="जीवाष्म इंधन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जीवाष्म इंधन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan_api_fosil" title="Bahan api fosil – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahan api fosil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC" title="ဇီဝရုပ်ကြွင်းလောင်စာ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇီဝရုပ်ကြွင်းလောင်စာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossile_Energie" title="Fossile Energie – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Fossile Energie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="जीवावशेष ऊर्जा – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जीवावशेष ऊर्जा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4" title="फोसिल उर्जाश्रोत – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फोसिल उर्जाश्रोत" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_energi" title="Fossil energi – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fossil energi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilt_brensel" title="Fossilt brensel – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fossilt brensel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible_fossil" title="Combustible fossil – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Combustible fossil" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A3" title="ਪਥਰਾਟੀ ਬਾਲਣ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਥਰਾਟੀ ਬਾਲਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paliwa_kopalne" title="Paliwa kopalne – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paliwa kopalne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86" title="زمینی بالن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زمینی بالن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="فوسیلي سون‌توکي – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فوسیلي سون‌توکي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combust%C3%ADvel_f%C3%B3ssil" title="Combustível fóssil – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Combustível fóssil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumiyasqa_rawrana" title="Rumiyasqa rawrana – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rumiyasqa rawrana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustibil_fosil" title="Combustibil fosil – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Combustibil fosil" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Ископаемое топливо – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ископаемое топливо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фосилны палива – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фосилны палива" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Сиртэн хостонор оттук – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сиртэн хостонор оттук" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosilna_goriva" title="Fosilna goriva – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fosilna goriva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%B1" title="ෆොසිල ඉන්ධන – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ෆොසිල ඉන්ධන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fossil fuel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fos%C3%ADlne_palivo" title="Fosílne palivo – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fosílne palivo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosilno_gorivo" title="Fosilno gorivo – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fosilno gorivo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABnda_djeg%C3%ABse_fosile" title="Lënda djegëse fosile – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lënda djegëse fosile" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фосилна горива – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фосилна горива" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suluh_fosil" title="Suluh fosil – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Suluh fosil" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossila_br%C3%A4nslen" title="Fossila bränslen – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fossila bränslen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fueli_za_kisukuku" title="Fueli za kisukuku – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fueli za kisukuku" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="புதைபடிவ எரிமம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புதைபடிவ எரிமம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="వేదిక:శిలాజ ఇంధనం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వేదిక:శిలాజ ఇంధనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%8C" title="เชื้อเพลิงซากดึกดำบรรพ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เชื้อเพลิงซากดึกดำบรรพ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosil_yak%C4%B1t" title="Fosil yakıt – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fosil yakıt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Казылма ягулык – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Казылма ягулык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%87%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Горючі корисні копалини – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Горючі корисні копалини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE%D9%86" title="فوسل ایندھن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فوسل ایندھن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazib_olinadigan_yoqilg%CA%BBi" title="Qazib olinadigan yoqilgʻi – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qazib olinadigan yoqilgʻi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%C3%AAn_li%E1%BB%87u_h%C3%B3a_th%E1%BA%A1ch" title="Nhiên liệu hóa thạch – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiên liệu hóa thạch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baya_nga_sungo" title="Baya nga sungo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Baya nga sungo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="化石燃料" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9C-%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A3" title="פאסיל-ברענשטאף – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאסיל-ברענשטאף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="化石燃料" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2a-chio%CC%8Dh_ji%C3%A2n-li%C4%81u" title="Hòa-chio̍h jiân-liāu – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hòa-chio̍h jiân-liāu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="化石燃料" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12748#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Coal.jpg/260px-Coal.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Coal.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>Steenkool, een fossiele brandstof.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fossiele brandstoffen</b> zijn <a href="/wiki/Organische_verbinding" title="Organische verbinding">koolstofhoudende verbindingen</a>, die onder hoge druk en temperatuur gedurende miljoenen jaren in de <a href="/wiki/Aardkorst" title="Aardkorst">aardkorst</a> zijn gevormd, uit resten van plantaardig en dierlijk leven, vooral in het <a href="/wiki/Carboon_(periode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carboon (periode)">carboon</a>, maar ook in andere <a href="/wiki/Geologisch_tijdperk" title="Geologisch tijdperk">geologische tijdperken</a>. Onder de fossiele <a href="/wiki/Brandstof" title="Brandstof">brandstoffen</a> vallen de <a href="/wiki/Koolwaterstof" title="Koolwaterstof">koolwaterstoffen</a> <a href="/wiki/Aardolie" title="Aardolie">aardolie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aardgas" title="Aardgas">aardgas</a>, en verder <a href="/wiki/Steenkool" title="Steenkool">steenkool</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bruinkool" title="Bruinkool">bruinkool</a>. Ook <a href="/wiki/Turf_(brandstof)" title="Turf (brandstof)">turf</a>, gewonnen uit <a href="/wiki/Hoogveen" title="Hoogveen">hoogveen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Laagveen" title="Laagveen">laagveen</a>, is een product in deze reeks, maar turf heeft nog niet blootgestaan aan de extremen van druk en temperatuur diep in de aardkorst, die tot de <a href="/wiki/Diagenese#Diagenese_van_organisch_materiaal" title="Diagenese">vorming</a> van kolen, olie en gas hebben geleid. Naast koolstof bevatten de meeste fossiele brandstoffen ook <a href="/wiki/Organozwavelchemie" title="Organozwavelchemie">zwavel</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ontstaan">Ontstaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ontstaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ontstaan"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruinkool en steenkool ontstonden op land uit, onder zuurstofarme omstandigheden, onvolledig <a href="/wiki/Biologische_afbraak" title="Biologische afbraak">verteerde</a> <a href="/wiki/Organische_stof" title="Organische stof">plantenresten</a>, waardoor aanvankelijk <a href="/wiki/Veen_(grondsoort)" title="Veen (grondsoort)">veen</a> werd gevormd. Door <a href="/wiki/Geologische_tijdsschaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologische tijdsschaal">langdurige</a> geologische processen als <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a>-afzetting (kleilaag of zandlaag) bovenop het veen, en <a href="/wiki/Platentektoniek" title="Platentektoniek">platentektoniek</a>, ontstonden diep in de <a href="/wiki/Aardkorst" title="Aardkorst">bodem</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Diagenese" title="Diagenese">diagenese</a> uiteindelijk bruinkool en steenkool. </p><p>Aardolie en aardgas ontstonden in zee, door de onvolledige (zuurstofarme) <a href="/wiki/Biologische_afbraak" title="Biologische afbraak">afbraak</a> van <a href="/wiki/Detritus_(biologie)" title="Detritus (biologie)">overblijfselen</a> van <a href="/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme">organismen</a>, waaronder <a href="/wiki/Fytoplankton" title="Fytoplankton">fytoplankton</a> en <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B6plankton" title="Zoöplankton">zoöplankton</a>, die naar de <a href="/wiki/Zeebodem" title="Zeebodem">bodem</a> van de zee (of meer) <a href="/wiki/Zeesneeuw" title="Zeesneeuw">zijn gezonken</a>. Dit afbrekingsproces werd in gang gezet door <a href="/wiki/Anaeroob" title="Anaeroob">anaerobe</a> <a href="/wiki/Bacteri%C3%ABn" title="Bacteriën">bacteriën</a>, onder <a href="/wiki/Anoxisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Anoxisch">anoxische</a> (zuurstofarme) omstandigheden, <a href="/wiki/Geologische_tijdschaal" title="Geologische tijdschaal">miljoenen jaren geleden</a>. Ook hier leidde de beweging van de aardkorst tot begraving van <a href="/wiki/Marien" title="Marien">marien</a> organisch materiaal, en de langdurige blootstelling aan hoge druk en temperatuur, tot de <a href="/wiki/Diagenese#Diagenese_van_organisch_materiaal" title="Diagenese">vorming</a> van olie en gas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voordelen">Voordelen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voordelen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voordelen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het <a href="/wiki/Mijnbouw" title="Mijnbouw">winnen</a> van fossiele brandstoffen is veelal relatief eenvoudig, en het gebruik vereist geen hoogstaande techniek. Traditioneel heeft men daarom veel gebruikgemaakt van deze <a href="/wiki/Natuurlijke_hulpbron" title="Natuurlijke hulpbron">energiebronnen</a>. Zo waren deze <a href="/wiki/Brandstof" title="Brandstof">brandstoffen</a> een belangrijke voorwaarde voor het ontstaan van de <a href="/wiki/Industri%C3%ABle_revolutie" title="Industriële revolutie">industriële revolutie</a>. Veel <a href="/wiki/Ontwikkelingslanden" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontwikkelingslanden">ontwikkelingslanden</a> zien het gebruik van fossiele energie als een middel om uit de <a href="/wiki/Armoedebestrijding" title="Armoedebestrijding">armoede</a> te komen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geopolitiek_effect">Geopolitiek effect</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geopolitiek effect" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geopolitiek effect"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Door de grote afhankelijkheid van de <a href="/wiki/Wereldeconomie" title="Wereldeconomie">wereldeconomie</a> van fossiele brandstoffen, en het gegeven dat er slechts een beperkt aantal locaties is waar commercieel winbare fossiele brandstofreserves aanwezig zijn, vormen deze <a href="/wiki/Natuurlijke_hulpbron" title="Natuurlijke hulpbron">reserves</a> een belangrijk onderwerp in de (internationale) <a href="/wiki/Geopolitiek" title="Geopolitiek">machtspolitiek</a>. </p><p>Zo kan het aanleggen van <a href="/wiki/Pijpleiding" class="mw-redirect" title="Pijpleiding">pijpleidingen</a> voor het transport van olie, vanuit de wingebieden rond de <a href="/wiki/Kaspische_Zee" title="Kaspische Zee">Kaspische Zee</a>, grote politieke invloed opleveren voor de staten over wier grondgebied de pijpleiding loopt. Door critici van het Amerikaanse buitenlandbeleid wordt gesteld dat de Amerikaanse interventies in het <a href="/wiki/Midden-Oosten" title="Midden-Oosten">Midden-Oosten</a> slechts dienen om de olietoevoer uit deze regio voor de Amerikaanse economie veilig te stellen. </p><p>Als de brandstoffen van ver moeten komen, vindt er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapitaalexport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapitaalexport (de pagina bestaat niet)">kapitaalexport</a>, en verzwakking van de lokale economie plaats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Milieu">Milieu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Milieu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Milieu"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gebruik van fossiele brandstoffen draagt bij aan de algehele <a href="/wiki/Milieuproblematiek" class="mw-redirect" title="Milieuproblematiek">milieuproblematiek</a>. Hierbij spelen de volgende processen een rol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbranding">Verbranding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verbranding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verbranding"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Westpoort_en_Hemwegcentrale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Westpoort_en_Hemwegcentrale.jpg/260px-Westpoort_en_Hemwegcentrale.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Westpoort_en_Hemwegcentrale.jpg/390px-Westpoort_en_Hemwegcentrale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Westpoort_en_Hemwegcentrale.jpg/520px-Westpoort_en_Hemwegcentrale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2225" data-file-height="1649" /></a><figcaption>Rookpluimen van de <a href="/wiki/Hemwegcentrale" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemwegcentrale">hemwegcentrale</a> en de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afvalverwerking_West&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afvalverwerking West (de pagina bestaat niet)">afvalverwerking West</a> in Amsterdam.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bij de grootschalige <a href="/wiki/Verbranding" title="Verbranding">verbranding</a> van fossiele brandstoffen komt veel <a href="/wiki/Koolstofdioxide" title="Koolstofdioxide">koolstofdioxide</a> vrij. In grote hoeveelheden draagt dit gas bij aan het <a href="/wiki/Broeikaseffect" title="Broeikaseffect">broeikaseffect</a>. Het broeikaseffect draagt voor een belangrijk deel bij aan de <a href="/wiki/Opwarming_van_de_Aarde" title="Opwarming van de Aarde">opwarming van de Aarde</a>. Ook het vrijkomen en vervolgens neerslaan van zwart <a href="/wiki/Roet_(materie)" title="Roet (materie)">roet</a> draagt bij aan de opwarming, omdat de omgeving van de verbrandingslocatie donkerder wordt en daardoor meer zonlicht <a href="/wiki/Absorptie_(natuurkunde)" title="Absorptie (natuurkunde)">absorbeert</a>. </p><p>Ook komen er, afhankelijk van het type brandstof en het toegepaste verbrandingsproces, bij de aanwending van fossiele brandstoffen andere verbrandingsproducten in de lucht, zoals <a href="/wiki/Fijnstof" title="Fijnstof">fijnstof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zwaveldioxide" title="Zwaveldioxide">zwavel-</a> en <a href="/wiki/Stikstofoxiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Stikstofoxiden">stikstofverbindingen</a>. Dit kan tot <a href="/wiki/Luchtvervuiling" title="Luchtvervuiling">luchtvervuiling</a> en <a href="/wiki/Zure_regen" title="Zure regen">zure regen</a> leiden. Al tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Industri%C3%ABle_revolutie" title="Industriële revolutie">industriële revolutie</a> werd duidelijk dat grootschalige verbranding het <a href="/wiki/Milieu" title="Milieu">milieu</a> sterk kan beïnvloeden. Een voorbeeld is de beruchte <a href="/wiki/Great_Smog_of_%2752" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Smog of '52">smog in Londen</a> in die tijd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Winning">Winning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Winning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Winning"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bij de <a href="/wiki/Mijnbouw" title="Mijnbouw">winning</a> van fossiele brandstoffen wordt, in meer of mindere mate, schade aan het milieu veroorzaakt. Soms wordt het risico van ongelukken en <a href="/wiki/Milieuvervuiling" class="mw-redirect" title="Milieuvervuiling">milieuschade</a> verschillend ingeschat door de <a href="/wiki/Industrie" title="Industrie">industrie</a> enerzijds en <a href="/wiki/Milieubeweging" title="Milieubeweging">milieubewegingen</a> anderzijds. Enkele voorbeelden: </p> <ul><li>Bij de <a href="/wiki/Bruinkool" title="Bruinkool">bruinkool</a>-winning worden grote gebieden afgegraven, inclusief dorpen en <a href="/wiki/Infrastructuur" title="Infrastructuur">infrastructuur</a> in de betreffende gebieden, bijvoorbeeld in het oosten van Duitsland.</li> <li>Bij het boren naar olie en gas kunnen moeilijk te controleren lekkages optreden</li> <li>Mijnbouw voor kolenwinning is ook in de moderne, <a href="/wiki/Technologie" title="Technologie">technologische</a> tijd gevaarlijk voor de <a href="/wiki/Kompel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kompel">arbeiders</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directe_en_indirecte_subsidie">Directe en indirecte subsidie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Directe en indirecte subsidie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Directe en indirecte subsidie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Energiesubsidie" title="Energiesubsidie">Energiesubsidie</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Er worden om verschillende redenen directe en indirecte subsidies gegeven voor fossiele brandstoffen. Veel ontwikkelingslanden houden met <a href="/wiki/Subsidie" title="Subsidie">subsidie</a> de binnenlandse prijs van fossiele brandstoffen laag, om hun <a href="/wiki/Economie_(systeem)" title="Economie (systeem)">economie</a> te stimuleren, of om armoede bij hun <a href="/wiki/Staatsburger" class="mw-redirect" title="Staatsburger">burgers</a> te verkleinen. De <a href="/wiki/Wereldbank" title="Wereldbank">Wereldbank</a> schatte in 2015 dat er voor €500 miljard aan directe subsidie wordt gegeven aan fossiele brandstoffen. Het <a href="/wiki/Internationaal_Monetair_Fonds" title="Internationaal Monetair Fonds">Internationaal Monetair Fonds</a> berekende hiernaast ook de externe kosten van het gebruik van fossiele brandstoffen, bijvoorbeeld de lokale gezondheidskosten, en de kosten die gemaakt moeten worden om aan te passen aan <a href="/wiki/Klimaatverandering" title="Klimaatverandering">klimaatverandering</a>. Het IMF kwam uit op een totaalbedrag van $5,3 biljoen wereldwijd, in 2015<sup id="cite_ref-vk2015_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vk2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en nagenoeg hetzelfde bedrag in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wat opviel aan de studie is dat de meeste kosten lokaal zijn, en dat overheden dus zelf profiteren van het reduceren van fossiel brandstofgebruik. Het niet doorrekenen van externe kosten door vervuiling wordt door sommigen als indirecte subsidie gezien.<sup id="cite_ref-vk2015_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vk2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Naar aanleiding van de <a href="/wiki/Akkoord_van_Parijs#One_Planet_Summit" title="Akkoord van Parijs">One Planet Summit</a> in Parijs, liet de Wereldbank eind 2017 weten vanaf 2019 geen investeringen meer in fossiele brandstoffen te zullen ondersteunen, tenzij voor de armste landen, maar ook dan binnen het <a href="/wiki/Akkoord_van_Parijs" title="Akkoord van Parijs">Akkoord van Parijs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbruik_van_fossiele_brandstoffen">Verbruik van fossiele brandstoffen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verbruik van fossiele brandstoffen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verbruik van fossiele brandstoffen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Omdat het omvangrijke, wereldwijde gebruik van fossiele brandstoffen bijzonder schadelijk is voor het milieu, zou hun verbruik snel moeten dalen, door een omschakeling naar <a href="/wiki/Duurzame_energie" title="Duurzame energie">duurzame energie</a>: de zogenaamde <a href="/wiki/Energietransitie" title="Energietransitie">energietransitie</a>. In werkelijkheid stijgt (in 2019) het gebruik van fossiele brandstoffen op mondiaal niveau nog steeds.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De productie door alternatieve energiebronnen neemt weliswaar flink toe, maar deze vormen tot dusver slechts een toevoeging op het eveneens stijgende gebruik van fossiele brandstoffen, en zijn dus geen vervanging daarvan. Een van de oorzaken is een overheidsbeleid dat zich meer richt op het stimuleren van <a href="/wiki/Duurzame_energie" title="Duurzame energie">duurzame energie</a>, dan op het terugdringen van fossiele brandstoffen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fossiele_zonne-energie">Fossiele zonne-energie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Fossiele zonne-energie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Fossiele zonne-energie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fossiele brandstoffen zijn uiteindelijk een vorm van <a href="/wiki/Zonne-energie" title="Zonne-energie">zonne-energie</a>, die miljoenen jaren geleden via <a href="/wiki/Fotosynthese" title="Fotosynthese">fotosynthese</a>, als <a href="/wiki/Chemische_energie" title="Chemische energie">chemische energie</a> werd opgeslagen in plantaardige en (via de <a href="/wiki/Voedselketen" title="Voedselketen">voedselketen</a>) dierlijke <a href="/wiki/Biomolecuul" title="Biomolecuul">koolstofverbindingen</a>. Deze geologische <a href="/wiki/Natuurlijke_hulpbron" title="Natuurlijke hulpbron">natuurlijke hulpbronnen</a> worden nu veel sneller verbruikt, dan ze gedurende miljoenen jaren in de aardkorst zijn gevormd. Er is sprake van het opgebruiken van een eindige voorraad, wat dus niet <a href="/wiki/Duurzaamheid" title="Duurzaamheid">duurzaam</a> is. </p><p>De discussie over het gebruik van fossiele brandstoffen betreft daarnaast ook de schadelijke verbrandingsproducten, en de milieuproblemen die ontstaan bij de <a href="/wiki/Mijnbouw" title="Mijnbouw">winning</a> van de brandstoffen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energiemarkt" title="Energiemarkt">Energiemarkt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koolstofzeepbel" title="Koolstofzeepbel">Koolstofzeepbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleogenetica" title="Paleogenetica">Paleogenetica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoon_fossiel" title="Schoon fossiel">Schoon fossiel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geologievannederland.nl/ondergrond/afzettingen-en-delfstoffen/veen-bruinkool-en-steenkool/">Veen, bruinkool en steenkool</a> op www.geologievannederland.nl</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-vk2015-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-vk2015_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vk2015_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFFout:_ongeldige_tijd."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volkskrant.nl/dossier-klimaatverandering/imf-berekent-totale-subsidie-fossiele-brandstoffen-46-biljoen-euro~a4032570/">IMF berekent totale schade fossiele brandstoffen: 4,7 biljoen euro</a>. Volkskrant (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2015-05-19">19 mei 2015</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150714155024/https://www.volkskrant.nl/dossier-klimaatverandering/imf-berekent-totale-subsidie-fossiele-brandstoffen-46-biljoen-euro~a4032570/">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2015-07-14">14 juli 2015</span>. Geraadpleegd op 08-07-2015. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span class="citation" id="CITEREFFout:_ongeldige_tijd."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2019/5/17/18624740/fossil-fuel-subsidies-climate-imf">Fossil fuels are underpriced by a whopping $5.2 trillion</a> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2019-05-17">17 mei 2019</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200912000336/https://www.vox.com/2019/5/17/18624740/fossil-fuel-subsidies-climate-imf">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2020-09-12">12 september 2020</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2020-02-28">28 februari 2020</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2017"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientias.nl/wereldbank-gaat-2019-bijna-meer-investeren-fossiele-brandstoffen/">Wereldbank gaat na 2019 (bijna) niet meer investeren in fossiele brandstoffen</a> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2017-12-14">14 december 2017</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171214171045/https://www.scientias.nl/wereldbank-gaat-2019-bijna-meer-investeren-fossiele-brandstoffen/">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2017-12-14">14 december 2017</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2017-12-27">27 december 2017</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230624040238/https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuels">Fossil Fuels</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Our_World_in_Data" title="Our World in Data">Our World in Data</a></i>. Gearchiveerd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-06-24">24 juni 2023</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2019-12-15">15 december 2019</span>. </span> op 24 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2019/12/12/olie-en-gas-zorgen-voor-meer-co2-a3983686">Olie en gas zorgen voor meer CO<sub>2</sub></a> <i>NRC</i>, 12-12-2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230323111915/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2019/12/12/olie-en-gas-zorgen-voor-meer-co2-a3983686">Gearchiveerd</a> op 23 maart 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fossil_fuels#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fossil fuels">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fossil_fuels#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fossil fuels">Fossil fuels</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&oldid=68229101">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fossiele_brandstof&oldid=68229101</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Delfstof" title="Categorie:Delfstof">Delfstof</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Fossiele_brandstof" title="Categorie:Fossiele brandstof">Fossiele brandstof</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 10 okt 2024 om 09:03.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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