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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Procter's_retreat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procter's_retreat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Procter's retreat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procter's_retreat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" 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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Order of battle</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Order_of_battle-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Order of battle subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Order_of_battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American_Forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>American Forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kentucky_Militia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kentucky_Militia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Kentucky Militia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kentucky_Militia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_and_Native_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_and_Native_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>British and Native forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_and_Native_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>British</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tecumseh's_confederacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tecumseh's_confederacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Tecumseh's confederacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tecumseh's_confederacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_am_Thames_River" title="Schlacht am Thames River – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht am Thames River" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_del_T%C3%A1mesis" title="Batalla del Támesis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla del Támesis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="نبرد تیمز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد تیمز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_la_rivi%C3%A8re_Thames" title="Bataille de la rivière Thames – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de la rivière Thames" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EC%9E%84%EC%A6%88_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="테임즈 전투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테임즈 전투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Thames" title="Pertempuran Thames – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Thames" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames_foly%C3%B3_menti_csata" title="Thames folyó menti csata – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Thames folyó menti csata" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="テムズの戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テムズの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Moraviantown" title="Bitwa pod Moraviantown – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Moraviantown" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_do_T%C3%A2misa_(1813)" title="Batalha do Tâmisa (1813) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha do Tâmisa (1813)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Сражение на Темсе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сражение на Темсе" data-language-autonym="Русский" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_the_Thames&params=42_33_45_N_81_55_53_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°33′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">81°55′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.56250°N 81.93139°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.56250; -81.93139</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">War of 1812 battle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of the Thames</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_the_Thames.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Battle_of_the_Thames.PNG/300px-Battle_of_the_Thames.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Battle_of_the_Thames.PNG/450px-Battle_of_the_Thames.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Battle_of_the_Thames.PNG/600px-Battle_of_the_Thames.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1435" data-file-height="873" /></a></span><br />An artist's depiction of the battle and the death of Tecumseh</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>October 5, 1813</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Near <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Nation_at_Moraviantown" title="Delaware Nation at Moraviantown">Moravian of the Thames First Nation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chatham-Kent" title="Chatham-Kent">Chatham-Kent</a>, Ontario</div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_the_Thames&params=42_33_45_N_81_55_53_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°33′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">81°55′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.56250°N 81.93139°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.56250; -81.93139</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>American victory<sup id="cite_ref-paedia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Death of Tecumseh</li> <li>Disintegration of Tecumseh's Confederacy</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_confederacy" title="Tecumseh's confederacy">Tecumseh's confederacy</a> <br /> <span data-sort-value="Britain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">Britain</a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Procter_(British_Army_officer)" title="Henry Procter (British Army officer)">Henry Procter</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><b>1,100<sup id="cite_ref-Sugden_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–1,800:<sup id="cite_ref-paedia_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </p> <ul><li><b>Indigenous:</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>500<sup id="cite_ref-Sugden_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–1,000<sup id="cite_ref-paedia_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>British:</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>600<sup id="cite_ref-paedia_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–800<sup id="cite_ref-Sugden_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regulars</dd></dl></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><b>3,760+:</b> </p> <ul><li>2,381 militia</li> <li>1,000 volunteer mounted troops</li> <li>120 regulars</li> <li>260 Indigenous<sup id="cite_ref-Sugden_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Unknown number of US Navy forces in Lake Erie<sup id="cite_ref-paedia_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paedia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>Indigenous:</b><br />16–33 killed<sup id="cite_ref-Sugden133_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugden133-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gilpin226_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilpin226-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Unknown wounded and captured<br /><b>British:</b><br />12–18 killed<br />22–35 wounded prisoners<br />566–579 captured<sup id="cite_ref-Sugden127_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugden127-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Antal347_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antal347-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 10–27 killed<br />17–57 wounded<sup id="cite_ref-Sugden249_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugden249-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SugdenBrown_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SugdenBrown-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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.od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;border:none"><div style="position:relative;width:220px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Ontario_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Battle of the Thames is located in Ontario"><img alt="Battle of the Thames is located in Ontario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Canada_Ontario_relief_location_map.jpg/220px-Canada_Ontario_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Canada_Ontario_relief_location_map.jpg/330px-Canada_Ontario_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Canada_Ontario_relief_location_map.jpg/440px-Canada_Ontario_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2392" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:92.009%;left:63.11%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Battle of the Thames"><img alt="Battle of the Thames" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Ontario_relief_location_map.jpg" title="File:Canada Ontario relief location map.jpg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Location within Ontario</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Ontario</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:220px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:220px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:220px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great-Lakes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Battle of the Thames is located in Great Lakes"><img alt="Battle of the Thames is located in Great Lakes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Great-Lakes.svg/220px-Great-Lakes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Great-Lakes.svg/330px-Great-Lakes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Great-Lakes.svg/440px-Great-Lakes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="533" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:82.532%;left:61.489%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Battle of the Thames"><img alt="Battle of the Thames" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Battle of the Thames (Great Lakes)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Great Lakes</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_War_of_1812:_Old_Northwest" title="Template:Campaignbox War of 1812: Old Northwest"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_War_of_1812:_Old_Northwest" title="Template talk:Campaignbox War of 1812: Old Northwest"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_War_of_1812:_Old_Northwest" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox War of 1812: Old Northwest"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Great_Lakes_/Old_Northwest_theater" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Great Lakes /<br />Old Northwest theater</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1811</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippecanoe" title="Battle of Tippecanoe">Tippecanoe</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1812</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_River_Canard" title="Battle of River Canard">River Canard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Mackinac" title="Siege of Fort Mackinac">Fort Mackinac (1812)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brownstown" title="Battle of Brownstown">Brownstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maguaga" title="Battle of Maguaga">Maguaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Dearborn" title="Battle of Fort Dearborn">Fort Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Detroit" title="Siege of Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Credit_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Credit Island">Credit Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Harrison" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Fort Harrison">Fort Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copus_massacre" title="Copus massacre">Copus massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Wayne" title="Siege of Fort Wayne">Fort Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wild_Cat_Creek" title="Battle of Wild Cat Creek">Wild Cat Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mississinewa" title="Battle of the Mississinewa">Mississinewa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1813</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frenchtown" title="Battle of Frenchtown">Frenchtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Africa_Point" title="Battle of Africa Point">Africa Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tipton%27s_Island" title="Battle of Tipton's Island">Tipton's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Meigs" title="Siege of Fort Meigs">Fort Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Stephenson" title="Battle of Fort Stephenson">Fort Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Erie" title="Battle of Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirmish_at_McCrae%27s_House" title="Skirmish at McCrae's House">McCrae's House</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1814</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Longwoods" title="Battle of Longwoods">Longwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Prairie_du_Chien" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Prairie du Chien">Prairie du Chien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rock_Island_Rapids" title="Battle of Rock Island Rapids">Rock Island Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mackinac_Island_(1814)" title="Battle of Mackinac Island (1814)">Mackinac Island (1814)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagements_on_Lake_Huron" title="Engagements on Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malcolm%27s_Mills" title="Battle of Malcolm's Mills">Malcolm's Mills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of the Thames</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>, also known as the <b>Battle of Moraviantown</b>, was an American victory in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> against <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tecumseh's Confederacy">Tecumseh's Confederacy</a> and their <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">British</a> allies. It took place on October 5, 1813, in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Chatham-Kent" title="Chatham-Kent">Chatham</a>. The British lost control of <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Ontario" title="Southwestern Ontario">Southwestern Ontario</a> as a result of the battle; <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a> was killed, and his confederacy largely fell apart. </p><p>British troops under Major General <a href="/wiki/Henry_Procter_(British_Army_officer)" title="Henry Procter (British Army officer)">Henry Procter</a> had occupied <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> until the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> gained control of Lake Erie, cutting them off from their supplies. Procter was forced to retreat north up the <a href="/wiki/Thames_River_(Ontario)" title="Thames River (Ontario)">Thames River</a> to Moraviantown, followed by the tribal confederacy under <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a> who were his allies. </p><p>American infantry and cavalry under Major General <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> drove off the British and then defeated the Indigenous peoples, who were demoralized by the death of Tecumseh in action. American control was re-established in the Detroit area, the tribal confederacy collapsed, and Procter was court-martialed for his poor leadership. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rembrandt_Peale_-_William_Henry_Harrison_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Rembrandt_Peale_-_William_Henry_Harrison_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/170px-Rembrandt_Peale_-_William_Henry_Harrison_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Rembrandt_Peale_-_William_Henry_Harrison_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/255px-Rembrandt_Peale_-_William_Henry_Harrison_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Rembrandt_Peale_-_William_Henry_Harrison_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/340px-Rembrandt_Peale_-_William_Henry_Harrison_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6165" data-file-height="7498" /></a><figcaption>Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> led American soldiers in pursuit of the retreating British.</figcaption></figure> <p>The American <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Northwest_(United_States)" title="Army of the Northwest (United States)">Army of the Northwest</a> under Major General <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> was attempting to recover <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lernoult" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Lernoult">Fort Detroit</a> and capture <a href="/wiki/Fort_Malden" title="Fort Malden">Fort Malden</a> at <a href="/wiki/Amherstburg,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Amherstburg, Ontario">Amherstburg, Ontario</a> during the last months of 1812 and for much of 1813 from the Right Division of the British Army in Upper Canada, which was commanded by Major General <a href="/wiki/Henry_Procter_(British_Army_officer)" title="Henry Procter (British Army officer)">Henry Procter</a>. The British position depended on maintaining command of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>, as the sparsely populated region produced insufficient crops and cattle to feed Procter's troops, the sailors of the British ships on the lake, and the large number of Indians and their families gathered at Amherstburg under Tecumseh. </p><p>Supplies could effectively be brought to them only by water,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually from <a href="/wiki/Long_Point,_Ontario" title="Long Point, Ontario">Long Point</a> near the eastern end of Lake Erie. If naval command of Lake Erie passed to the Americans, they would be able to land an army on the north shore, cutting off Procter from reinforcement from the east. </p><p>British armed vessels had maintained control of the lake from the start of the war to the end of July 1813. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> was constructing its own squadron at <a href="/wiki/Presque_Isle_Bay" title="Presque Isle Bay">Presque Isle Bay</a> commanded by Master Commandant <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hazard_Perry" title="Oliver Hazard Perry">Oliver Hazard Perry</a>. During July, the British under Commander <a href="/wiki/Robert_Heriot_Barclay" title="Robert Heriot Barclay">Robert Heriot Barclay</a> kept the Americans pinned down in Presque Isle, but they had to lift the blockade for two days in order to receive supplies. </p><p>Perry was able to move his ships across the sandbar at the entrance to the harbor and into the lake, and Barclay failed to attack them. Perry's superior squadron instituted a counter-blockade of Amherstburg as soon as his vessels were armed and manned, and supplies of food rapidly ran short. </p><p>With supplies almost exhausted, Barclay put out to seek battle with Perry on September 10, but Perry gained a complete victory in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Erie" title="Battle of Lake Erie">Battle of Lake Erie</a>. Perry hastily wrote a note to General Harrison stating: "We have met the enemy and they are ours". Harrison knew that Procter would be forced to retreat, so he ordered an advance. One thousand mounted troops began advancing along the lake shore to Detroit, and 2,500 foot soldiers were carried there and to Amherstburg by Perry's ships once they had repaired any damage received during the battle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Procter's_retreat"><span id="Procter.27s_retreat"></span>Procter's retreat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Procter's retreat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Procter had made preparations to fall back to the British position at <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Heights_(Ontario)" title="Burlington Heights (Ontario)">Burlington Heights</a> at the western end of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a> even before he received news of Barclay's defeat, and Tecumseh knew that this would remove all protection from the confederation tribes whose lands lay to the west of Detroit. He attempted to dissuade Procter: </p> <blockquote><p>Our fleet has gone out, we know they have fought; we have heard the great guns but know nothing of what has happened to our Father with one Arm [<i>Barclay had lost an arm in 1809</i>]. Our ships have gone one way, and we are much astonished to see our Father [<i>Proctor</i>] tying up everything and preparing to run the other, without letting his red children know what his intentions are.... We must compare our Father's conduct to a fat animal that carries its tail upon its back; but when affrighted, it drops it between its legs and runs off.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Nevertheless, Procter could not defend Fort Amherstburg, as there was no food and the guns had been removed from the fort to be mounted on Barclay's ships. He began to retreat up the Thames River on September 27. Tecumseh had no option but to go with him. Procter apparently agreed to a compromise to retreat only as far as Moraviantown, a settlement of <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> Indians who had migrated from the United States. This was the highest navigable point of the river, so it was safe from outflanking moves by water. Also, some supplies could be brought there overland from Burlington Heights, although the roads were very poor. However, Procter made no attempt to fortify this position. </p><p>The British retreat was badly managed, and the soldiers had been reduced to half rations. Procter allegedly left the main body of his army under command of Colonel Augustus Warburton of the <a href="/wiki/41st_(Welch)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot">41st Regiment</a>, without orders, while he led the retreat accompanied by his wife and family, the other women and dependents, and his personal baggage.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British soldiers were becoming increasingly demoralized, and Tecumseh's warriors grew ever more impatient with Procter for his unwillingness to stop and fight. </p><p>The Americans left a brigade under <a href="/wiki/Duncan_McArthur" title="Duncan McArthur">Duncan McArthur</a> to garrison Detroit and another under <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a> to garrison <a href="/wiki/Sandwich,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandwich, Ontario">Sandwich, Ontario</a>. Harrison led the main body from Sandwich in pursuit of Procter on October 2. As they advanced, Harrison's men captured several abandoned boats and a steady stream of British stragglers. They caught up with the retreating British and Indians late on October 4. Tecumseh skirmished with the Americans near <a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham, Ontario">Chatham, Ontario</a> to slow their advance, but the Indians were quickly overwhelmed. The boats carrying Warburton's reserve ammunition and the last of the food ran aground and were left behind to be captured by an American raiding party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forces">Forces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle-of-the-Thames-array.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Battle-of-the-Thames-array.jpg/220px-Battle-of-the-Thames-array.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Battle-of-the-Thames-array.jpg/330px-Battle-of-the-Thames-array.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Battle-of-the-Thames-array.jpg/440px-Battle-of-the-Thames-array.jpg 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>A diagram by <a href="/wiki/Bennett_H._Young" title="Bennett H. Young">Bennett H. Young</a> of the forces arrayed in the battle</figcaption></figure> <p>William Henry Harrison's force numbered at least 3,500 infantry and cavalry. He had a small detachment of regulars from the 27th U.S. Infantry and five brigades of Kentucky militia led by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Shelby" title="Isaac Shelby">Isaac Shelby</a>, the 63 year-old <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Kentucky" title="Governor of Kentucky">governor of Kentucky</a> and a hero of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. He had 1,000 volunteer cavalry under Colonel <a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Richard Mentor Johnson</a>. Most of Johnson's men were from Kentucky, but some were from the <a href="/wiki/River_Raisin" title="River Raisin">River Raisin</a> area of Michigan, all of them spurred on by the slogan "<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frenchtown" title="Battle of Frenchtown">Remember the River Raisin</a>." </p><p>Procter had about 800 soldiers, mainly from the 41st Regiment. The veterans of the regiment's 1st Battalion had been serving in Canada since 1803 and had suffered heavy casualties in several engagements in 1813, including the Battle of Lake Erie, where more than 150 of its men had served aboard Barclay's ships. They had been reinforced by the young soldiers of the 2nd Battalion. Most of the regiment's officers were dissatisfied with Procter's leadership, but Colonel Warburton, the next in seniority, refused to countenance any move to remove him from command. Tecumseh led about 500 Indians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BRM3144-Shelton-Kensett-Col-Johnsons-Mounted-Men-1813-3000x1871.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/BRM3144-Shelton-Kensett-Col-Johnsons-Mounted-Men-1813-3000x1871.jpg/220px-BRM3144-Shelton-Kensett-Col-Johnsons-Mounted-Men-1813-3000x1871.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/BRM3144-Shelton-Kensett-Col-Johnsons-Mounted-Men-1813-3000x1871.jpg/330px-BRM3144-Shelton-Kensett-Col-Johnsons-Mounted-Men-1813-3000x1871.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/BRM3144-Shelton-Kensett-Col-Johnsons-Mounted-Men-1813-3000x1871.jpg/440px-BRM3144-Shelton-Kensett-Col-Johnsons-Mounted-Men-1813-3000x1871.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1871" /></a><figcaption>An engraving that depicts American mounted riflemen charging at British artillerists and native warriors.</figcaption></figure> <p>Procter ordered his troops to abandon their half-cooked breakfast and retreat a further two miles shortly after daybreak on October 5, then formed them into line of battle with a single 6-pounder cannon. He planned to trap Harrison on the banks of the Thames, driving the Americans off the road with cannon fire, but he had made no attempt to fortify the position by creating <a href="/wiki/Abatis" title="Abatis">abatis</a> or throwing up earthworks, and the ground presented no obstacle to the American horsemen, while scattered trees masked the British fire. Tecumseh's men formed a line in a black ash swamp on the British right to flank the Americans. Tecumseh rode along the British line, shaking hands with each officer before rejoining his warriors.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General Harrison surveyed the battlefield and ordered <a href="/wiki/James_Johnson_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Johnson (Kentucky politician)">James Johnson</a> (brother of Col. Johnson) to make a frontal attack on the British regulars with his mounted riflemen. Despite the Indians' flanking fire, Johnson's Kentuckians broke through, the British cannon not having fired. The exhausted, dispirited, and half-starved British regulars fired a single ragged fusillade before retreating in disorder. </p><p>Procter and about 250 of his men fled from the battlefield, while the rest of his soldiers threw down their weapons and surrendered. Most of the British soldiers, including Lieutenant Richard Bullock's<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> grenadier company, who escaped the battlefield were on the right of the British line, where the ground was marshy and more thickly wooded.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Outdoor_life_and_Indian_stories_-_making_open_air_life_attractive_to_young_Americans_by_telling_them_all_about_woodcraft,_signs_and_signaling,_the_stars,_fishing,_camping_-_also_stories_of_noted_(14566564408).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Outdoor_life_and_Indian_stories_-_making_open_air_life_attractive_to_young_Americans_by_telling_them_all_about_woodcraft%2C_signs_and_signaling%2C_the_stars%2C_fishing%2C_camping_-_also_stories_of_noted_%2814566564408%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Outdoor_life_and_Indian_stories_-_making_open_air_life_attractive_to_young_Americans_by_telling_them_all_about_woodcraft%2C_signs_and_signaling%2C_the_stars%2C_fishing%2C_camping_-_also_stories_of_noted_%2814566564408%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Outdoor_life_and_Indian_stories_-_making_open_air_life_attractive_to_young_Americans_by_telling_them_all_about_woodcraft%2C_signs_and_signaling%2C_the_stars%2C_fishing%2C_camping_-_also_stories_of_noted_%2814566564408%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2768" data-file-height="2070" /></a><figcaption>A depiction of Col <a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Richard Mentor Johnson</a> shooting Tecumseh during the battle</figcaption></figure> <p>Tecumseh and his followers remained and carried on fighting. Col. Johnson charged into the Indian position at the head of about 20 horsemen to draw attention away from the main American force, but Tecumseh and his men answered with a volley of musket fire that stopped the cavalry charge. Fifteen of Johnson's men were killed or wounded, Johnson himself was hit five times, and his main force became bogged down in the swamp mud. Tecumseh is believed to have been killed during this fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main force made its way through the swamp, and James Johnson's troops were freed from their attack on the British. The American reinforcements were converging as news spread of the death of Tecumseh, and Indian resistance dissolved. Richard Mentor Johnson was credited with shooting Tecumseh,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the evidence is unclear. <a href="/wiki/William_Whitley" title="William Whitley">William Whitley</a>, a Revolutionary War veteran, is also credited with killing him. Lawyer and one-armed marksman James A Drain Sr., in his autobiography <i>Single Handed</i> (1927), wrote of hearing from Whitley's granddaughter the family tradition that Whitley and Tecumseh killed each other simultaneously. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casualties">Casualties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Remember_the_River_Raisin%22_-_painting_of_the_battle-cry_at_the_Battle_of_the_Thames.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%22Remember_the_River_Raisin%22_-_painting_of_the_battle-cry_at_the_Battle_of_the_Thames.jpg/220px-%22Remember_the_River_Raisin%22_-_painting_of_the_battle-cry_at_the_Battle_of_the_Thames.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%22Remember_the_River_Raisin%22_-_painting_of_the_battle-cry_at_the_Battle_of_the_Thames.jpg/330px-%22Remember_the_River_Raisin%22_-_painting_of_the_battle-cry_at_the_Battle_of_the_Thames.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%22Remember_the_River_Raisin%22_-_painting_of_the_battle-cry_at_the_Battle_of_the_Thames.jpg/440px-%22Remember_the_River_Raisin%22_-_painting_of_the_battle-cry_at_the_Battle_of_the_Thames.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>"Remember the River Raisin". Artist Ken Riley's depiction of Kentucky Mounted Rifles charging the British line at the Battle of the Thames</figcaption></figure> <p>Harrison reported that the British regulars had 72 killed and 22 wounded prisoners. Lieutenant Richard Bullock of the 41st Regiment, however, said that there were 12 killed and 36 wounded prisoners. More than a year after the battle, British Colonel Augustus Warburton and Lieutenant Colonel William Evans both reported that 18 were killed and 25 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-Sugden127_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugden127-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harrison reported 601 British troops captured, a figure that included the prisoners taken during the retreat leading up to the battle and stragglers captured after it.<sup id="cite_ref-Antal347_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antal347-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Indians recorded their own casualties as 16 killed, including Tecumseh,<sup id="cite_ref-Sugden133_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugden133-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Harrison claimed that 33 dead Indians were found in the woods after the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilpin226_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilpin226-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General Procter wrote in a letter dated October 23, 1813, "The Indian cause and ours experienced a serious loss in the death of Round Head." American soldiers scalped and skinned some of the dead Indians in order to acquire souvenirs.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are conflicting versions of the American loss in the battle. Harrison stated that 7 were killed outright, 5 died of wounds, and 17 more were wounded. Major General <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Shelby" title="Isaac Shelby">Isaac Shelby</a> said that 7 or 8 were killed outright, 4 died of their wounds, and about 20 more were wounded. Participant Robert McAfee gave 10 killed and 35 wounded, while Peter Trisler Jr. said that there were 14 killed and 20 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-Sugden249_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugden249-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historian Samuel R. Brown states that there were 25 killed or fatally injured and 50 wounded in Johnson's regiment, and 2 killed and 6–7 wounded in the infantry, for a total of 27 killed and 56 or 57 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-SugdenBrown_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SugdenBrown-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harrison informed Secretary of War <a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">John Armstrong Jr.</a> that the only casualties inflicted by the British were three men wounded; all of the rest were caused by the Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-Sugden127_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugden127-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tecumseh02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tecumseh02.jpg/170px-Tecumseh02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tecumseh02.jpg/255px-Tecumseh02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tecumseh02.jpg/340px-Tecumseh02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1395" data-file-height="1887" /></a><figcaption>The death of <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a> during the battle was a crushing blow for the native <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tecumseh's Confederacy">Confederacy</a> he created.</figcaption></figure> <p>The enlistments were about to expire for the militia component of Harrison's army, so the Americans retired to Detroit. </p><p>The American victory led to re-established American control over the Northwest frontier, and the Detroit area remained comparatively quiet for the rest of the war, apart from skirmishes such as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Longwoods" title="Battle of Longwoods">Battle of Longwoods</a> and an American mounted raid near the end of 1814 which resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malcolm%27s_Mills" title="Battle of Malcolm's Mills">Battle of Malcolm's Mills</a>. American victory at the Thames failed to translate into recapture of Illinois, Wisconsin, and other Midwestern territories, which the British and Indians held until the war's end; efforts also failed to regain control of the Old Northwest and of fur trade routes after the British victory at the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Engagements_on_Lake_Huron" title="Engagements on Lake Huron">Engagements on Lake Huron</a>. </p><p>The death of Tecumseh was a crushing blow to the Indian alliance which he created, and it dissolved following the battle. Harrison signed an armistice at Detroit with the chiefs or representatives of several tribes,<sup id="cite_ref-Hitsman176_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitsman176-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although others fought on until the end of the war and beyond. He then transferred most of his regulars east to the Niagara River and went himself to Washington where he was acclaimed a hero. However, a comparatively petty dispute with President <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> and John Armstrong resulted in him resigning his commission as major general.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harrison's popularity grew, and he was eventually elected president. Richard Mentor Johnson eventually became vice president to President <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a>, based partly on the belief that he had personally killed Tecumseh. </p><p>A few days after the battle, Procter rallied 246 men of the 41st Regiment at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_River_(Ontario)" title="Grand River (Ontario)">Grand River</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hitsman176_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitsman176-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reinforced by some young soldiers of the 2nd battalion who had not been present at the battle. The two battalions were reorganized and merged, as the regiment was severely understrength at this point, and the survivors of the 1st Battalion were placed in the grenadier and light infantry companies.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The soldiers of the 41st who were taken prisoner at Moraviantown and the Battle of Lake Erie were exchanged or released towards the end of 1814. They had been held in encampments near <a href="/wiki/Sandusky,_Ohio" title="Sandusky, Ohio">Sandusky, Ohio</a>, and had suffered severely from sickness during their captivity. </p><p>In May 1814, Procter was charged with negligence and improper conduct, though a court martial could not be held until December, when campaigning had ceased for the winter and a senior board of officers could be assembled. They judged that Procter had managed the retreat badly, failing to secure his stores, and also disposed the troops ineffectively at Moraviantown. He was sentenced to be suspended from rank and pay for six months.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three modern battalions<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (July 2020)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> of the United States Army perpetuate the lineage of the old 27th Infantry Regiment, elements of which were at the Battle of the Thames. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Order_of_battle">Order of battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Order of battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following units and commanders of the American, British, and Native American armed forces Battle of the Thames: </p> <dl><dt>Abbreviations used</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><b>MG</b> = <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a></li> <li><b>BG</b> = <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a></li> <li><b>Col</b> = <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a></li> <li><b>Ltc</b> = <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant Colonel</a></li> <li><b>Maj</b> = <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major</a></li> <li><b>Cpt</b> = <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)" title="Captain (United States O-3)">Captain</a></li> <li><b>Lt</b> = <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant#United_States" title="First lieutenant">1st Lieutenant</a></li> <li><b>w</b> = wounded</li> <li><b>k</b> = killed</li> <li><b>m</b> = missing</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Forces">American Forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: American Forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Northwest_(United_States)" title="Army of the Northwest (United States)">Army of the Northwest</a></b>: MG <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> </p><p>General Staff </p> <ul><li>Inspector-General: Col George Walker</li> <li>Military Secretary: Maj <a href="/wiki/William_T._Barry" title="William T. Barry">William T. Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Judge Advocate General Corps">Judge Advocate General</a>: Maj Thomas Barr</li> <li>Adjutant General: Joseph McDowell</li> <li>Aide-de-Camp: <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hazard_Perry" title="Oliver Hazard Perry">Oliver Hazard Perry</a></li> <li>Aide-de-Camp: BG <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="25%">Unit </th> <th>Regiments and Other </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Regular Army</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Regular_Army_units_with_campaign_credit_for_the_War_of_1812#6th_Infantry_(The_Regulars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Active Regular Army units with campaign credit for the War of 1812">27th U.S. Infantry</a>: Col George Paull</li> <li>24th U.S. Infantry, detachment: Ltc <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pendleton_Gaines" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Pendleton Gaines">Edmund Pendleton Gaines</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>2nd U.S. Artillery, detachment: Maj Eleazar Wood</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kentucky Mounted Riflemen <p><br />    Col <a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Richard Mentor Johnson</a> (w) </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>1st Battalion: Ltc <a href="/wiki/James_Johnson_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Johnson (Kentucky politician)">James Johnson</a></li> <li>2nd Battalion: Col Richard Mentor Johnson</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kentucky_Militia">Kentucky Militia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Kentucky Militia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Governor <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Shelby" title="Isaac Shelby">Isaac Shelby</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General Staff </p> <ul><li>1st <a href="/wiki/Aide_de_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Aide de Camp">Aide de Camp</a>: BG <a href="/wiki/John_Adair" title="John Adair">John Adair</a></li> <li>2nd <a href="/wiki/Aide_de_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Aide de Camp">Aide de Camp</a>: Maj <a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a></li> <li>Quartermaster General: BG John Payne</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="25%">Division </th> <th width="25%">Brigade </th> <th>Regiments and Others </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"> <p>1st Division <br />     BG William Henry </p> </td> <td>First Brigade <p><br />   Col George Trotter<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>1st Infantry Regiment: Maj Richard Gang</li> <li>2nd Infantry Regiment: Col John Donaldson</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Brigade <p><br />   BG David Chiles </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>3rd Infantry Regiment: Col John Pogue</li> <li>4th Infantry Regiment: Col William Montjoy</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fourth Brigade <p><br />   BG John E. King </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>5th Infantry Regiment: Col Henry Renick</li> <li>7th Infantry Regiment: Col Micah Taul</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"> <p>Second Division <br />     BG <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Desha" title="Joseph Desha">Joseph Desha</a> </p> </td> <td>Fourth Brigade <p><br />   BG James Allen </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>6th Infantry Regiment: Col Richard Davenport</li> <li>8th Infantry Regiment: Col John Calloway</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fifth Brigade <p><br />   BG Samuel Caldwell </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>9th Infantry Regiment: Col John Simrall</li> <li>10th Infantry Regiment: Col Philip Barbour</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Unattached <p><br /> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>11th Infantry Regiment: Col William Williams</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_and_Native_forces">British and Native forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: British and Native forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Major General <a href="/wiki/Henry_Procter_(British_Army_officer)" title="Henry Procter (British Army officer)">Henry Procter</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British">British</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: British"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/41st_(Welsh)_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="41st (Welsh) Regiment of Foot">41st (Welsh) Regiment of Foot</a>: Col Augustus Warburton</li> <li>Local militia (composition unknown)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tecumseh's_confederacy"><span id="Tecumseh.27s_confederacy"></span><a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_confederacy" title="Tecumseh's confederacy">Tecumseh's confederacy</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tecumseh's confederacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a>: Tecumseh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odawa" title="Odawa">Odawa</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naiwash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naiwash (page does not exist)">Naiwash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oshawahnah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oshawahnah (page does not exist)">Oshawahnah</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">At the time, there were two officers named Richard Bullock, possibly father and son, in the 41st Regiment. Lieutenant Richard Bullock commanded the grenadier company of the 1/41st at the Thames; Captain Richard Bullock was commandant of Mackinac Island at the time.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-paedia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-paedia_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paedia_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paedia_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paedia_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paedia_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Thames">"Battle of the Thames | War of 1812"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle+of+the+Thames+%26%23124%3B+War+of+1812&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FBattle-of-the-Thames&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+the+Thames" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mywarof1812.com/battles/131005.html">Battle of Moraviantown</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sugden-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sugden_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sugden_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sugden_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sugden_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sugden (1997), pp. 368–72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sugden133-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sugden133_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sugden133_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sugden, p. 133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gilpin226-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gilpin226_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gilpin226_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilpin, p. 226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sugden127-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sugden127_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sugden127_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sugden127_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sugden, p. 127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Antal347-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Antal347_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antal347_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Antal, p. 347</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sugden249-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sugden249_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sugden249_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sugden, p. 249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SugdenBrown-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SugdenBrown_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SugdenBrown_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sugden, p. 250, citing Samuel R. rown's, 'Views of the Campaigns of the North-western Army", W.G. Murphey, Philadelphia, 1815 (first published, 1814), p. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Forester, p. 142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hitsman, p. 339</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katherine B. Coutts, <i>Thamesville and the Battle of the Thames</i>, in Zaslow, p. 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katherine B. Coutts, <i>Thamesville and the Battle of the Thames</i>, in Zaslow, p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Victor Lauriston, <i>Thamesville and the Battle of the Thames</i>, in Zaslow, p. 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elting (1995), p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elting (1995), p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Sugden, <i>Tecumseh's Last Stand</i> (Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985), 136–180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hitsman176-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hitsman176_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hitsman176_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hitsman, p. 176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elting, p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warof1812.ca/41stregt.htm">The 41st Regiment and the War of 1812, by Jim Yaworsky</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hitsman, p. 344 en</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Organization of the Kentucky Militia forces (Young pp. 38–43)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The First brigade was assigned to BG <a href="/wiki/Marquis_Calmes" title="Marquis Calmes">Marquis Calmes</a> who was absent at the time of the battle. Col Trotter commanded in his place.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Thames&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_the_Thames" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Battle of the Thames">Battle of the Thames</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntal1997" class="citation book cs1">Antal, Sandy (1997). <i>A Wampum Denied: Proctor's War of 1812</i>. Carleton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87013-443-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87013-443-4"><bdi>0-87013-443-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Wampum+Denied%3A+Proctor%27s+War+of+1812&rft.pub=Carleton+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-87013-443-4&rft.aulast=Antal&rft.aufirst=Sandy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+the+Thames" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Carter-Edwards, Dennis. "The War of 1812 Along the Detroit Frontier: A Canadian Perspective", in <i>The Michigan Historical Review</i>, 13:2 (Fall 1987), pp. 25–50.</li> <li>Cleaves, Freeman. <i>Old Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison and His Time</i>. New York: Scribner, 1939. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-945707-01-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-945707-01-0">0-945707-01-0</a> (1990 reissue).</li> <li>Edmunds, R. David. "Forgotten Allies: The Loyal Shawnees and the War of 1812" in David Curtis Skaggs and Larry L. Nelson, eds., <i>The Sixty Years' War for the Great Lakes, 1754–1814</i>, pp. 337–351. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87013-569-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87013-569-4">0-87013-569-4</a>.</li> <li>Elting, John R. <i>Amateurs, To Arms! A Military History of the War of 1812</i>. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-945575-08-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-945575-08-4">0-945575-08-4</a> (hardcover); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80653-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80653-3">0-306-80653-3</a> (1995 Da Capo Press paperback).</li> <li>Forester, C.S. <i>The Age of Fighting Sail</i>, New English Library, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-939218-06-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-939218-06-2">0-939218-06-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilpin1968" class="citation book cs1">Gilpin, Alec R. (1968) [1958]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warof1812inol00gilp"><i>The War of 1812 in the Old Northwest</i></a></span> (reprint ed.). East Lansing, MI: The Michigan State University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+1812+in+the+Old+Northwest&rft.place=East+Lansing%2C+MI&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=The+Michigan+State+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Gilpin&rft.aufirst=Alec+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarof1812inol00gilp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+the+Thames" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hitsman, J. Mackay and Graves, Donald. <i>The Incredible War of 1812</i>, Robin Brass Studios, Toronto, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-896941-13-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-896941-13-3">1-896941-13-3</a></li> <li>Latimer, Jon. <i>1812: War with America</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-02584-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-02584-9">0-674-02584-9</a></li> <li>Sugden, John. <i>Tecumseh's Last Stand</i>. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-1944-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-1944-6">0-8061-1944-6</a>.</li> <li>Sugden, John. <i>Tecumseh: A Life</i>. New York: Holt, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-4138-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-4138-9">0-8050-4138-9</a> (hardcover); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-6121-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-6121-5">0-8050-6121-5</a> (1999 paperback).</li> <li>Zaslow, Morris (ed) <i>The Defended Border</i>, Macmillan of Canada, 1964, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7705-1242-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7705-1242-9">0-7705-1242-9</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/17px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/26px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/34px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Lewes" title="Bombardment of Lewes">Lewes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Washington" title="Burning of Washington">Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Peter" title="Battle of Fort Peter">Peter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans" title="Battle of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_St._Philip_(1815)" title="Siege of Fort St. Philip (1815)">St. Philip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Havre_de_Grace" title="Raid on Havre de Grace">Havre de Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Michaels" title="Battle of St. Michaels">St. Michaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bladensburg" title="Battle of Bladensburg">Bladensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caulk%27s_Field" title="Battle of Caulk's Field">Caulk's Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Point" title="Battle of North Point">North Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baltimore" title="Battle of Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hampden" title="Battle of Hampden">Hampden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Big_Sandy_Creek" title="Battle of Big Sandy Creek">Big Sandy Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buffalo" title="Battle of Buffalo">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ogdensburg" title="Battle of Ogdensburg">Ogdensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plattsburgh" title="Battle of Plattsburgh">Plattsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Niagara" title="Capture of Fort Niagara">Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Black_Rock" title="Raid on Black Rock">Black Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Sacket%27s_Harbor" title="Second Battle of Sacket's Harbor">Sacket's Harbor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_War_of_1812" title="North Carolina in the War of 1812">North Carolina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocracoke_raid" title="Ocracoke raid">Ocracoke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Stephenson" title="Battle of Fort Stephenson">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copus_massacre" title="Copus massacre">Copus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Meigs" title="Siege of Fort Meigs">Meigs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rappahannock_River" title="Battle of Rappahannock River">Rappahannock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Craney_Island" title="Battle of Craney Island">Craney Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Chesconessex_Creek" title="Raid on Chesconessex Creek">Chesconessex Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Alexandria_(Virginia)" title="Raid on Alexandria (Virginia)">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirmish_at_Farnham_Church" title="Skirmish at Farnham Church">Farnham Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">U.S. territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Illinois Territory in the War of 1812">Illinois</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Dearborn" title="Battle of Fort Dearborn">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rock_Island_Rapids" title="Battle of Rock Island Rapids">Rock Island Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Prairie_du_Chien" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Prairie du Chien">Prairie du Chien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Indiana in the War of 1812">Indiana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mississinewa" title="Battle of the Mississinewa">Mississinewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippecanoe" title="Battle of Tippecanoe">Tippecanoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wild_Cat_Creek" title="Battle of Wild Cat Creek">Wild Cat Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Harrison" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Fort Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Wayne" title="Siege of Fort Wayne">Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brownstown" title="Battle of Brownstown">Brownstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frenchtown" title="Battle of Frenchtown">Frenchtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mackinac_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mackinac Island">Mackinac Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maguaga" title="Battle of Maguaga">Maguaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Detroit" title="Siege of Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Mackinac" title="Siege of Fort Mackinac">Mackinac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashi_Skirmish" title="Bashi Skirmish">Bashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Autossee" title="Battle of Autossee">Autossee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Burnt_Corn" title="Battle of Burnt Corn">Burnt Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Callabee_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Callabee Creek">Callabee Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_Fight_(Creek_War)" title="Canoe Fight (Creek War)">Canoe Fight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Holy_Ground" title="Battle of Holy Ground">Holy Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_(1814)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)">Horseshoe Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talladega" title="Battle of Talladega">Talladega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tallushatchee" title="Battle of Tallushatchee">Tallushatchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Emuckfaw_and_Enotachopo_Creek" title="Battles of Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek">Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bowyer" title="Fort Bowyer">Fort Bowyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mims_massacre" title="Fort Mims massacre">Mims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sinquefield" title="Fort Sinquefield">Sinquefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory" title="Missouri Territory">Missouri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Credit_Island" title="Credit Island">Credit Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sink_Hole" title="Battle of the Sink Hole">Sink Hole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chateauguay" title="Battle of the Chateauguay">Chateauguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lacolle_Mills_(1812)" title="Battle of Lacolle Mills (1812)">1st Lacolle Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lacolle_Mills_(1814)" title="Battle of Lacolle Mills (1814)">2nd Lacolle Mills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaver_Dams" title="Battle of Beaver Dams">Beaver Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chippawa" title="Battle of Chippawa">Chippawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cook%27s_Mills" title="Battle of Cook's Mills">Cook's Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crysler%27s_Farm" title="Battle of Crysler's Farm">Crysler's Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_George" title="Battle of Fort George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frenchman%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Frenchman's Creek">Frenchman's Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Longwoods" title="Battle of Longwoods">Longwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane" title="Battle of Lundy's Lane">Lundy's Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malcolm%27s_Mills" title="Battle of Malcolm's Mills">Malcolm's Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Queenston_Heights" title="Battle of Queenston Heights">Queenston Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stoney_Creek" title="Battle of Stoney Creek">Stoney Creek</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_York" title="Battle of York">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Erie" title="Capture of Fort Erie">1st Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Elizabethtown" title="Raid on Elizabethtown">Elizabethtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Port_Dover" title="Raid on Port Dover">Port Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Gananoque" title="Raid on Gananoque">Gananoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Erie" title="Siege of Fort Erie">2nd Erie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Florida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Florida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pensacola_(1814)" title="Battle of Pensacola (1814)">Pensacola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Naval_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval battle">Naval battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Boxer" title="Capture of HMS Boxer">HMS <i>Boxer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Cyane" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of HMS Cyane">HMS <i>Cyane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Epervier" title="Capture of HMS Epervier">HMS <i>Epervier</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Frolic" title="Capture of HMS Frolic">HMS <i>Frolic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Penguin" title="Capture of HMS Penguin">HMS <i>Penguin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Dominica" title="Capture of HMS Dominica">HMS <i>Dominica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_Argus" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of USS Argus">USS <i>Argus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_Chesapeake" title="Capture of USS Chesapeake">USS <i>Chesapeake</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_President" title="Capture of USS President">USS <i>President</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay_Flotilla" title="Chesapeake Bay Flotilla">Chesapeake Bay Flotilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Java_(1811)" title="HMS Java (1811)">USS <i>Constitution</i> vs HMS <i>Java</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMS_Avon" title="Sinking of HMS Avon">HMS <i>Avon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fayal" title="Battle of Fayal">Fayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMS_Peacock" title="Sinking of HMS Peacock">HMS <i>Peacock</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMS_Reindeer" title="Sinking of HMS Reindeer">HMS <i>Reindeer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution_vs_HMS_Guerriere" title="USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere">USS <i>Constitution</i> vs HMS <i>Guerriere</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_United_States_vs_HMS_Macedonian" title="USS United States vs HMS Macedonian">USS <i>United States</i> vs HMS <i>Macedonian</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Guaira_(1812)" title="Battle of La Guaira (1812)">La Guaira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Erie" title="Battle of Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Oswego_(1814)" title="Battle of Fort Oswego (1814)">Oswego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagements_on_Lake_Huron" title="Engagements on Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagements_on_Lake_Ontario" title="Engagements on Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Sacket%27s_Harbor" title="First Battle of Sacket's Harbor">Sacket's Harbor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Coast">Gulf Coast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Borgne" title="Battle of Lake Borgne">Lake Borgne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_off_James_Island" title="Action off James Island">James Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_off_Charles_Island" title="Action off Charles Island">Charles Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Hiva_Campaign" title="Nuku Hiva Campaign">Nuku Hiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Battle of Valparaíso">Valparaiso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creek_War" title="Creek War">Creek War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:War_of_1812" title="Category:War of 1812">Category</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/War_of_1812" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/War of 1812">definition</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibooks page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/War_of_1812" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/War of 1812">textbooks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/War_of_1812" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/War of 1812">source texts</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/War_of_1812" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/War of 1812">media</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikinews page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/16px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/24px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/War_of_1812" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/War of 1812">news stories</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="William_Henry_Harrison" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:William_Henry_Harrison" title="Template:William Henry Harrison"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:William_Henry_Harrison" title="Template talk:William Henry Harrison"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:William_Henry_Harrison" title="Special:EditPage/Template:William Henry Harrison"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Henry_Harrison" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">9th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1841)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Colombia" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Colombia">Minister to Gran Colombia</a> (1829)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Ohio" title="List of United States senators from Ohio">Senator from Ohio</a> (1825–1828)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ohio%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Ohio's 1st congressional district">Representative of Ohio's 1st congressional district</a> (1816–1819)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Indiana" title="List of governors of Indiana">Governor of the Territory of Indiana</a> (1801–1812)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Northwest Territory's at-large congressional district">Delegate of Northwest Territory's at-large congressional district</a> (1799–1800)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Plantation" title="Berkeley Plantation">Berkeley Plantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_American_Regiment" title="First American Regiment">First American Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Greenville" title="Treaty of Greenville">Treaty of Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grouseland" title="Grouseland">Grouseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_St._Louis_(1804)" title="Treaty of St. Louis (1804)">Treaty of St. Louis (1804)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Grouseland" title="Treaty of Grouseland">Treaty of Grouseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Wayne_(1809)" title="Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809)">Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Harrison,_Indiana" title="Fort Harrison, Indiana">Fort Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippecanoe" title="Battle of Tippecanoe">Battle of Tippecanoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Northwest_(United_States)" title="Army of the Northwest (United States)">Army of the Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Meigs" title="Fort Meigs">Fort Meigs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of the Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Spring_Wells" title="Treaty of Spring Wells">Treaty of Spring Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1822_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Ohio" title="1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio">1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1839_Whig_National_Convention" title="1839 Whig National Convention">1839 Whig National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison_1840_presidential_campaign" title="William Henry Harrison 1840 presidential campaign">William Henry Harrison 1840 presidential campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippecanoe_and_Tyler_Too" title="Tippecanoe and Tyler Too">Tippecanoe and Tyler Too</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison_Tomb_State_Memorial" title="William Henry Harrison Tomb State Memorial">William Henry Harrison Tomb State Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_William_Henry_Harrison" title="Inauguration of William Henry Harrison">Inauguration of William Henry Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Irwin_Harrison" title="Jane Irwin Harrison">Jane Irwin Harrison</a> (acting First Lady)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_William_Henry_Harrison" title="List of memorials to William Henry Harrison">List of memorials to William Henry Harrison</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brave_Warrior" title="Brave Warrior">Brave Warrior</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tecumseh_(film)" title="Tecumseh (film)">Tecumseh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gen._William_Henry_Harrison_Headquarters" title="Gen. William Henry Harrison Headquarters">Gen. William Henry Harrison Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_William_Henry_Harrison" title="Equestrian statue of William Henry Harrison">Equestrian statue of William Henry Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Tippecanoe" title="Curse of Tippecanoe">Curse of Tippecanoe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harrison_family_of_Virginia" title="Harrison family of Virginia">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Harrison" title="Anna Harrison">Anna Harrison</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Harrison" title="John Scott Harrison">John Scott Harrison</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison_V" title="Benjamin Harrison V">Benjamin Harrison V</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison_VI" title="Benjamin Harrison VI">Benjamin Harrison VI</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Bassett_Harrison" title="Carter Bassett Harrison">Carter Bassett Harrison</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison_IV" title="Benjamin Harrison IV">Benjamin Harrison IV</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison_III" title="Benjamin Harrison III">Benjamin Harrison III</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carter_I" title="Robert Carter I">Robert Carter I</a> (great-grandfather)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">← Martin Van Buren</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:William_Henry_Harrison" title="Category:William Henry Harrison">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q645288#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85134479">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007531869105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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