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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The coup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_coup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(1944)" title="Преврат в Румъния (1944) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Преврат в Румъния (1944)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taol-stad_Roumania_1944" title="Taol-stad Roumania 1944 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Taol-stad Roumania 1944" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A1tn%C3%AD_p%C5%99evrat_kr%C3%A1le_Michala" title="Státní převrat krále Michala – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Státní převrat krále Michala" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6niglicher_Staatsstreich_in_Rum%C3%A4nien_1944" title="Königlicher Staatsstreich in Rumänien 1944 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Königlicher Staatsstreich in Rumänien 1944" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_de_Estado_en_Rumania_de_1944" title="Golpe de Estado en Rumania de 1944 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Golpe de Estado en Rumania de 1944" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ctatrenverso_en_Rumanio_de_1944" title="Ŝtatrenverso en Rumanio de 1944 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtatrenverso en Rumanio de 1944" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B4_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کودتای ۱۹۴۴ رومانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کودتای ۱۹۴۴ رومانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%89tat_de_1944_en_Roumanie" title="Coup d'État de 1944 en Roumanie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coup d'État de 1944 en Roumanie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudeta_Raja_Mihai" title="Kudeta Raja Mihai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kudeta Raja Mihai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colpo_di_Stato_in_Romania_del_1944" title="Colpo di Stato in Romania del 1944 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colpo di Stato in Romania del 1944" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%AA_23_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98_1944" title="הפיכת 23 באוגוסט 1944 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפיכת 23 באוגוסט 1944" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rampasan_kuasa_Romania_1944" title="Rampasan kuasa Romania 1944 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rampasan kuasa Romania 1944" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roemeense_staatsgreep_1944" title="Roemeense staatsgreep 1944 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Roemeense staatsgreep 1944" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD_(1944%E5%B9%B4)" title="ルーマニア革命 (1944年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルーマニア革命 (1944年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_de_Estado_na_Rom%C3%AAnia_em_1944" title="Golpe de Estado na Romênia em 1944 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Golpe de Estado na Romênia em 1944" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovitura_de_stat_de_la_23_august_1944" title="Lovitura de stat de la 23 august 1944 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lovitura de stat de la 23 august 1944" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_(1944)" title="Переворот в Румынии (1944) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Переворот в Румынии (1944)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statskuppen_i_Rum%C3%A4nien_1944" title="Statskuppen i Rumänien 1944 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Statskuppen i Rumänien 1944" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Coup d'état led by Romanian king Michael I</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%221944+Romanian+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat%22">"1944 Romanian coup d'état"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%221944+Romanian+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%221944+Romanian+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%221944+Romanian+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221944+Romanian+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%221944+Romanian+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1944 Romanian coup d'état</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mihai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Mihai.jpg/240px-Mihai.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Mihai.jpg/360px-Mihai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Mihai.jpg/480px-Mihai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">King <a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Romania" title="Michael I of Romania">Michael I of Romania</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">23 August 1944</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Participants</th><td class="infobox-data attendee" style="text-align: left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King_Michael_I" class="mw-redirect" title="King Michael I">King Michael I</a></b></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania,_1875)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)">National Liberal Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Peasants%27_Party" title="National Peasants' Party">National Peasants' Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Communist Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Social_Democratic_Party_(1927%E2%80%9348)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–48)">Social Democratic Party</a></li></ul></div> <hr /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a></b></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Legionary_State" title="National Legionary State">National Legionary State</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Outcome</th><td class="infobox-data description" style="text-align: left;">Coup successful <ul><li>Removal and arrest of <a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Antonescu_cabinet" title="Third Antonescu cabinet">his government</a></li> <li>Installation of a <a href="/wiki/First_S%C4%83n%C4%83tescu_cabinet" title="First Sănătescu cabinet">pro-Allied government</a> under <a href="/wiki/Constantin_S%C4%83n%C4%83tescu" title="Constantin Sănătescu">Constantin Sănătescu</a></li> <li>Romania switches sides in World War II from the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vienna_Award#Aftermath" title="Second Vienna Award">Northern Transylvania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Skirmish_at_Diosig" title="Skirmish at Diosig">Diosig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treznea_massacre" title="Treznea massacre">Treznea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ip_massacre" title="Ip massacre">Ip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nu%C8%99fal%C4%83u_massacre" title="Nușfalău massacre">Nușfalău</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>As part of the Axis (1941–1944)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legionnaires%27_rebellion_and_Bucharest_pogrom" title="Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom">Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Delta_Campaign" title="Danube Delta Campaign">Danube Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Raid on Constanța">Constanța</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Operation München"><i>München</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uman" title="Battle of Uman">Uman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odessa" title="Siege of Odessa">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sea_of_Azov" title="Battle of the Sea of Azov">Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rostov_(1941)" title="Battle of Rostov (1941)">Rostov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Kerch_Peninsula" title="Battle of the Kerch Peninsula">Kerch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Second Battle of Kharkov">Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Caucasus" title="Battle of the Caucasus"><i>Edelweiss</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uranus" title="Operation Uranus"><i>Uranus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_Storm" title="Operation Winter Storm"><i>Winter Storm</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Little_Saturn" title="Operation Little Saturn"><i>Little Saturn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_Campaign_in_Romania" title="Western Allied Campaign in Romania">Western Allied Campaign</a> (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Tidal_Wave" title="Operation Tidal Wave"><i>Tidal Wave</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Bucharest_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Bucharest in World War II">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Frantic" title="Operation Frantic"><i>Frantic</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch%E2%80%93Eltigen_operation" title="Kerch–Eltigen operation">Kerch-Eltigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Dnieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnieper%E2%80%93Carpathian_offensive" title="Dnieper–Carpathian offensive">Dnieper–Carpathian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uman%E2%80%93Boto%C8%99ani_offensive" title="Uman–Botoșani offensive">Uman–Botoșani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="First Jassy–Kishinev offensive">1st Jassy–Kishinev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_offensive" title="Crimean offensive">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">2nd Jassy–Kishinev</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>As part of the Allies (1944–1945)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Margarethe_II" title="Operation Margarethe II"><i>Margarethe II</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Reunion" title="Operation Reunion"><i>Reunion</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turda" title="Battle of Turda">Turda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C4%83uli%C8%99" title="Battle of Păuliș">Păuliș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carei" title="Battle of Carei">Carei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debrecen" title="Battle of Debrecen">Debrecen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Campaigns_of_World_War_II" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_World_War_II" title="Template:Campaignbox World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_World_War_II" title="Template talk:Campaignbox World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Campaigns_of_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Campaigns of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung">Denmark and Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)#1944–1945:_The_Second_Front" title="Western Front (World War II)">1944–1945</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_France" title="Italian invasion of France">Alps 1940</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Alps" title="Second Battle of the Alps">1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Balkans campaign (World War II)">Balkans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavian Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greek resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940%E2%80%931944_insurgency_in_Chechnya" title="1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Sicily</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Asia-Pacific</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">Pacific Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South West Pacific</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Thai_War" title="Franco-Thai War">Franco-Thai War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma and India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_campaign" title="Japan campaign">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Manchuria and Northern Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">pre-war border conflicts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Attacks on Australia during World War II">Australia</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">Libya-Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Morocco-Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_campaign_of_World_War_II" title="Adriatic campaign of World War II">Adriatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodecanese_campaign" title="Dodecanese campaign">Dodecanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Southern France</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other campaigns</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian%E2%80%93Peruvian_War" title="Ecuadorian–Peruvian War">Ecuador–Peru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica_during_World_War_II" title="Antarctica during World War II">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_naval_operations_of_World_War_II" title="Arctic naval operations of World War II">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air Warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">French West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Coups</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planned_Nazi_coup_and_invasion_of_Uruguay" title="Planned Nazi coup and invasion of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Norwegian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1940 Norwegian coup d'état">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Yugoslav coup d'état">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionnaires%27_rebellion_and_Bucharest_pogrom" title="Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom">Romania 1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday_Coup" title="Palm Sunday Coup">Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_July_plot" title="20 July plot">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorkovi%C4%87%E2%80%93Voki%C4%87_plot" title="Lorković–Vokić plot">Croatia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romania 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Panzerfaust" title="Operation Panzerfaust">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABj%C5%8D_incident" title="Kyūjō incident">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsue_incident" title="Matsue incident">Matsue</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>1944 Romanian coup d'état</b>, better known in Romanian <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a> as the <b>Act of 23 August</b> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Actul de la 23 august</i>), was a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> led by King <a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Romania" title="Michael I of Romania">Michael I of Romania</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> on 23 August 1944. With the support of several political parties, the king removed the government of <a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a>, which had aligned <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a> with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, after the Axis front in northeastern Romania collapsed in the face of <a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive">a successful Soviet offensive</a>. The Romanian Army declared a unilateral ceasefire with the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> on the Moldavian front, an event viewed as decisive in the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> advances against the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">European theatre of World War II</a>. The coup was supported by the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Romanian Communist Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Social_Democratic_Party_(1927%E2%80%9348)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–48)">Social Democratic Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania,_1875)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)">National Liberal Party</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Peasants%27_Party" title="National Peasants' Party">National Peasants' Party</a> who had coalesced into the National Democratic Bloc in June 1944. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations">Preparations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Silviu_Brucan" title="Silviu Brucan">Silviu Brucan</a>, the two main conspirators from the Communist Party's side were <a href="/wiki/Emil_Bodn%C4%83ra%C8%99" title="Emil Bodnăraș">Emil Bodnăraș</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucre%C8%9Biu_P%C4%83tr%C4%83%C8%99canu" title="Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu">Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu</a>, who contacted King Michael to prepare a <i>coup d'état</i> against Ion Antonescu.<sup id="cite_ref-Brucan,_p._20_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brucan,_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first meeting between King Michael's representatives with the Communists was during the night of 13–14 June 1944 in a secret house of the communists, at 103 <a href="/wiki/Calea_Mo%C8%99ilor" title="Calea Moșilor">Calea Moșilor</a>. Apart from the two communist conspirators, participants in the meeting were Gen. <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Mihail" title="Gheorghe Mihail">Gheorghe Mihail</a>, Gen. <a href="/wiki/Constantin_S%C4%83n%C4%83tescu" title="Constantin Sănătescu">Constantin Sănătescu</a> and Col. <a href="/wiki/Dumitru_D%C4%83m%C4%83ceanu" title="Dumitru Dămăceanu">Dumitru Dămăceanu</a>, while King Michael was represented by Baron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_Mocsony-St%C3%A2rcea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan Mocsony-Stârcea (page does not exist)">Ioan Mocsony-Stârcea</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioan_Mocsony-St%C3%A2rcea" class="extiw" title="ro:Ioan Mocsony-Stârcea">ro</a>]</span> (marshal of the palace), <a href="/wiki/Mircea_Ionni%C8%9Biu" title="Mircea Ionnițiu">Mircea Ionnițiu</a> (private secretary) and <a href="/wiki/Grigore_Niculescu-Buze%C8%99ti" title="Grigore Niculescu-Buzești">Grigore Niculescu-Buzești</a> (diplomatic adviser).<sup id="cite_ref-Brucan,_p._20_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brucan,_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The King's representatives presented the Gigurtu plan, through which the King would meet Baron <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Freiherr_von_Killinger" title="Manfred Freiherr von Killinger">Manfred Freiherr von Killinger</a>, the German ambassador in Bucharest, to discuss the replacement of Antonescu with a cabinet led by <a href="/wiki/Ion_Gigurtu" title="Ion Gigurtu">Ion Gigurtu</a>. The Communist Party thought that this plan was "naïve and dangerous", as it would have alerted the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> and that it would have meant even more German espionage.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Communist Party presented an alternative plan, through which King Michael, who was the commander-in-chief, would order the weapons to be turned against Nazi Germany and Antonescu would be summoned to the palace, ordered to sign an armistice with the Allies and, if he refused, be arrested on the spot.<sup id="cite_ref-Brucan21_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brucan21-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this, a coalition government of the National Democratic Bloc (the National Peasants' Party, the National Liberal Party, the Social Democratic Party and the Romanian Communist Party) would take power.<sup id="cite_ref-Brucan21_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brucan21-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This proposal was accepted by both the military representatives and the King's advisers, who then convinced King Michael that it was the best solution.<sup id="cite_ref-Brucan21_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brucan21-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_coup">The coup</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The coup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Special:EditPage/1944 Romanian coup d'état">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II#The_royal_coup" title="Romania in World War II">Romania in World War II § The royal coup</a></div> <p>On 23 August 1944, the king joined with pro-Allied opposition politicians and led a successful coup with support from the army. The king, who was initially considered to be not much more than a "figurehead", was able to successfully depose Antonescu. The king offered a non-confrontational retreat to Killinger, but the Germans considered the coup "reversible" and tried to turn the situation around by military attacks. </p><p>On 23 August 1944, the King met with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a>, Foreign Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Mihai_Antonescu" title="Mihai Antonescu">Mihai Antonescu</a> (no relation) and General <a href="/wiki/Constantin_S%C4%83n%C4%83tescu" title="Constantin Sănătescu">Constantin Sănătescu</a>. During discussions that lasted an hour, Ion Antonescu informed the King of the situation at the frontlines. King Michael asked Antonescu to get out of the war and sign an armistice with the Allies and the Soviets. Antonescu retorted that the armistice would be nullified by Germany and refused to commit to an armistice, especially with the Soviet Union. The King said "If things are so, then there's nothing we can do." </p><p>This triggered the coup. A colonel and four soldiers came in and arrested the Prime Minister. Later that night, at 10 pm, the King announced over the radio that Antonescu had been deposed and an armistice with the Allied Powers and the Soviet Union would be accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Romanian forces — namely the <a href="/wiki/First_Army_(Romania)" title="First Army (Romania)">First Army</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(Romania)" title="Second Army (Romania)">Second Army</a> (under formation), the remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Army_(Romania)" title="Third Army (Romania)">Third Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(Romania)" title="Fourth Army (Romania)">Fourth Army</a> (one corps) — were under orders from the king to defend Romania against any German attacks. The king then offered to put Romania's battered armies on the side of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II#Campaign_against_the_Axis" title="Romania in World War II">Romania in World War II § Campaign against the Axis</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1944_Soviet3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/1944_Soviet3.png/200px-1944_Soviet3.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/1944_Soviet3.png/300px-1944_Soviet3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/1944_Soviet3.png/400px-1944_Soviet3.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceausescu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolae Ceausescu">Nicolae Ceausescu</a> , <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Agiu" title="Constantin Agiu">Constantin Agiu</a> and others meet at the entrance of the Red Army in Bucharest (<a href="/wiki/Colentina,_Bucharest" title="Colentina, Bucharest">Colentina</a>) on 30 August 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>Hungarian-American historian <a href="/wiki/John_Lukacs" title="John Lukacs">John Lukacs</a> praised the coup, writing: "In August 1944, the Rumanians executed the most successful <i>coup d'etat</i> during World War II. With an entire German Army in their midst, they turned around within twenty-four hours and proclaimed their alliance with the Soviet Union, Britain and the United States. (Again the comparison with Italy is instructive: compared to this acrobatic feat, the descendants of Machiavelli were mere <a href="/wiki/Italian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian civil war">bunglers</a>.)".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to Romania's successful defection, most of the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Romania" title="Economy of Romania">country's economy</a> had survived virtually intact. The ensuing reconstruction of the oil industry showed that Romania had less power of dissension under Stalin than under Hitler. Indeed, "occupation" much more accurately described the Soviet rather than the German presence in Romania. Unlike Italy's earlier capitulation, Romania's initiative began to unravel the Axis. Within one month, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> also changed sides, the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovak National Uprising</a> began, and a failed coup was attempted in <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a> on 18 September. Economically, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a> regarded Romania's defection as decisive, because it not only deprived the Axis of Romanian oil but also definitively cut off access to vital supplies of Turkish chrome. The loss of Romania's oil resulted in Hitler's first admission that the war was lost. All of these were accomplished with minimal damage to Romanian infrastructure, as the country's core never became a battlefield. The coup also marked the last instance when Romania's actions significantly influenced the wider course of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ej%C3%A9rcitoSovi%C3%A9ticoEnBucarest1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ej%C3%A9rcitoSovi%C3%A9ticoEnBucarest1944.jpg/220px-Ej%C3%A9rcitoSovi%C3%A9ticoEnBucarest1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ej%C3%A9rcitoSovi%C3%A9ticoEnBucarest1944.jpg/330px-Ej%C3%A9rcitoSovi%C3%A9ticoEnBucarest1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ej%C3%A9rcitoSovi%C3%A9ticoEnBucarest1944.jpg/440px-Ej%C3%A9rcitoSovi%C3%A9ticoEnBucarest1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1288" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption>Romanian and Soviet soldiers shaking hands in Bucharest after the coup, 30 August 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>The coup sped the Red Army's advance into Romania.<sup id="cite_ref-countrystudies.us_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-countrystudies.us-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romanian <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historians</a> claimed that the coup shortened the war by as much as "six months."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Formal Allied recognition of the <i>de facto</i> change of orientation of Romania in the war came on 12 September 1944. Until this date, Soviet troops started moving into Romania, taking approximately 140,000 Romanian prisoners of war.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 130,000 Romanian <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POWs</a> were transported to the Soviet Union, where many perished in prison camps.<sup id="cite_ref-countrystudies.us_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-countrystudies.us-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The armistice was signed on the same date, 12 September 1944, on Allied terms.<sup id="cite_ref-countrystudies.us_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-countrystudies.us-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article 18 of the <i>Armistice Agreement with Rumania</i> stipulated that "An Allied Control Commission will be established which will undertake until the conclusion of peace the regulation of and control over the execution of the present terms under the general direction and orders of the Allied (Soviet) High Command, acting on behalf of the Allied Powers." The Annex to Article 18, specified that "The Romanian Government and their organs shall fulfill all instructions of the Allied Control Commission arising out of the Armistice Agreement." It also made clear that the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Commission#Rumania" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied Control Commission">Allied Control Commission</a> would have its seat in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>. In line with Article 14 of the Armistice Agreement, two <a href="/wiki/Romanian_People%27s_Tribunals" title="Romanian People's Tribunals">Romanian People's Tribunals</a> were set up to try suspected war criminals.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article 19 stipulated the return to Romania of "Transylvania or the greater part of it". This phrasing conveyed the possibility of a revision of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a> border, and it was meant to tempt Hungary to also cease fighting alongside Germany. On 15 October 1944, <a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Miklós Horthy</a> indeed tried to follow Romania's example, but his attempt was <a href="/wiki/Operation_Panzerfaust" title="Operation Panzerfaust">thwarted</a>. <a href="/wiki/Northern_Transylvania" title="Northern Transylvania">Northern Transylvania</a> was under Soviet military administration from November 1944 to March 1945. On 9 March 1945, three days after the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Petru_Groza" title="Petru Groza">Petru Groza</a> cabinet, Stalin approved the return of all of Northern Transylvania to Romanian administration. Subsequent Hungarian efforts to recover part of Northern Transylvania were in vain.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1944, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a>, proposed <a href="/wiki/Percentages_agreement" title="Percentages agreement">an agreement</a> with Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> on how to divide <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> into spheres of influence after the war. It was reportedly agreed that Soviet Union would have a "90% share of influence" in Romania.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Army">Romanian Army</a>, from the armistice until the end of the war, were fighting alongside the Soviets against Germany and its remaining allies. They fought in <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>. In May 1945 the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_First_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian First Army">Romanian First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Fourth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Fourth Army">Fourth Armies</a> took part in the <a href="/wiki/Prague_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Prague Offensive">Prague Offensive</a>. The Romanians suffered a total of 169,822 casualties (in all causes) fighting on the Allied side.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Ion Antonescu was placed under arrest; the new prime minister, Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Constantin_S%C4%83n%C4%83tescu" title="Constantin Sănătescu">Constantin Sănătescu</a>, gave custody of Antonescu to Romanian communists who would turn the former dictator over to the Soviets on 1 September.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was later returned to Romania, where he was tried and executed in 1946.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>For his actions, King Michael was awarded the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Victory" title="Order of Victory">Order of Victory</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> in 1945.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He was also awarded the highest degree (Chief Commander) of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a> by <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of the United States of America">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> a year later.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, he functioned as little more than a figurehead under the new régime. He was finally forced to abdicate and leave the country in 1947. This allowed the Communists to set up a <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">communist régime</a>. Michael remained in exile until after the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution of 1989">Romanian Revolution of 1989</a> and was only allowed to return to the country in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">1944 Bulgarian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Armistice" title="Moscow Armistice">Moscow Armistice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Romania during World War II">Romania during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Military_Mission_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="German Military Mission in Romania">German Military Mission in Romania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Brucan,_p._20-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brucan,_p._20_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brucan,_p._20_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brucan, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brucan, pp. 20–21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brucan21-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brucan21_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brucan21_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brucan21_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brucan, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dY1SdA9fYW8"><i>Why did Romania switch sides in WW2</i> on Youtube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WiiIn4JaPOQC&pg=PA117">John Lukacs, University of Missouri Press, 1994, <i>Destinations Past: Traveling Through History with John Lukacs</i>, p. 117</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAxworthy1995" class="citation book cs1">Axworthy, Mark (1995). <i>Third Axis – Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945</i>. London: Arms and Armour. pp. 20, 199, 206 and 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1854092670" title="Special:BookSources/978-1854092670"><bdi>978-1854092670</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Third+Axis+%E2%80%93+Fourth+Ally%3A+Romanian+Armed+Forces+in+the+European+War%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London&rft.pages=20%2C+199%2C+206+and+208&rft.pub=Arms+and+Armour&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1854092670&rft.aulast=Axworthy&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1944+Romanian+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-countrystudies.us-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies.us_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies.us_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies.us_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/romania/23.htm">"23"</a>. <i>Armistice Negotiations and Soviet Occupation</i>. US Library of Congress.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=23&rft.btitle=Armistice+Negotiations+and+Soviet+Occupation&rft.pub=US+Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fromania%2F23.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1944+Romanian+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constantiniu, Florin, <i>O istorie sinceră a poporului român</i> (<i>An Honest History of the Romanian People</i>), Ed. Univers Enciclopedic, București, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-9243-07-X" title="Special:BookSources/973-9243-07-X">973-9243-07-X</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ioan Scurtu, <i>Politica Si Viaţa Cotidiana in Romania in Secolul Al XX-lea</i>, editura Mica Valahie, Bucuresti, 2011, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001021130/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/148133682.html?did=148133682&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&dids=148133682:148133682:&date=Aug+25,+1944&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post++">"Hitler Resorts To 'Puppets' In Romania"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. 25 August 1944. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/148133682.html?did=148133682&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&dids=148133682:148133682:&date=Aug+25%2C+1944&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post++">the original</a> on October 1, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Hitler+Resorts+To+%27Puppets%27+In+Romania&rft.date=1944-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fwashingtonpost_historical%2Faccess%2F148133682.html%3Fdid%3D148133682%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AAI%26dids%3D148133682%3A148133682%3A%26date%3DAug%2B25%252C%2B1944%26author%3D%26pub%3DThe%2BWashington%2BPost%2B%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1944+Romanian+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/rumania.asp">"The Armistice Agreement with Rumania; 12 September 1944"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Armistice+Agreement+with+Rumania%3B+12+September+1944&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Favalon.law.yale.edu%2Fwwii%2Frumania.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1944+Romanian+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-f0OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18">Csaba Békés, László Borhi, Peter Ruggenthaler, Ottmar Trasca, Central European University Press, 10 July 2015, <i>Soviet Occupation of Romania, Hungary, and Austria 1944/45–1948/49</i>, p. 18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvce.eu/obj/european_navigator-en-d95dc91b-9c1e-47f3-9344-5d4d4da1434d">"The division of Europe, according to Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin (1944)"</a>. CVCE. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+division+of+Europe%2C+according+to+Winston+Churchill+and+Joseph+Stalin+%281944%29&rft.pub=CVCE&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvce.eu%2Fobj%2Feuropean_navigator-en-d95dc91b-9c1e-47f3-9344-5d4d4da1434d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1944+Romanian+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Romulus Dima, <i>Contribuția României la înfrângerea Germaniei fasciste</i>, București, 1982 <span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwar2.ro/generali/?article=96">"Marshal Ion Antonescu"</a>. Romanian Armed Forces in the Second World War.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marshal+Ion+Antonescu&rft.pub=Romanian+Armed+Forces+in+the+Second+World+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwar2.ro%2Fgenerali%2F%3Farticle%3D96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1944+Romanian+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Armata Română în Al Doilea Război Mondial</i> <span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomiuc2005" class="citation news cs1">Tomiuc, Eugen (6 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1058760.html">"World War II – 60 Years After: Former Romanian Monarch Remembers Decision To Switch Sides"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Free Europe">Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=World+War+II+%E2%80%93+60+Years+After%3A+Former+Romanian+Monarch+Remembers+Decision+To+Switch+Sides&rft.date=2005-05-06&rft.aulast=Tomiuc&rft.aufirst=Eugen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F1058760.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1944+Romanian+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Silviu Brucan, <i>The Wasted Generation: Memoirs of the Romanian Journey from Capitalism to Socialism and Back</i>, Westview Press, 1993 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575347#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575347#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575347#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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