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(PDF) La Dialéctica en el Desarrollo metodológico | Zenobio Saldivia Maldonado - Academia.edu

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Por ello, se visualizan y" /> <title>(PDF) La Dialéctica en el Desarrollo metodológico | Zenobio Saldivia Maldonado - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/43066590/La_Dial%C3%A9ctica_en_el_Desarrollo_metodol%C3%B3gico" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732776930000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732776930000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Resumen Se analisa el rol de la dialéctica como eje articulador de los métodos de la ciencia, en especial en el siglo XVIII, en el momento en que justamente se están consolidando tanto la ciencia como el método científico. Por ello, se visualizan y comentan las distintas interpretaciones con las cuales frecuentemente se entiende el método científico y se dan ejemplos al respecto. Y en especial se considera el caso de la expansión de la física newtoniana como centro para apreciar el rol de la dialéctica en la marcha evolutiva de la ciencia. Abstract Summary the role of dialectic analisa as the linchpin of the methods of science , especially in the eighteenth century , at the time that just are consolidating both science and the scientific method. Therefore , they displayed and discussed the different interpretations which often means the scientific method and examples of this are given. And especially it is considering the case of expansdión of Newtonian physics as a center to appreciate the role of the dialectic in the evolutionary march of science.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Zenobio Saldivia Maldonado"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2020-05-15","dateModified":"2020-05-15","datePublished":"2016-01-01","headline":"La Dialéctica en el Desarrollo metodológico","inLanguage":"es","keywords":["Filosofía de la Ciencia"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Revista de Estudios Políticos y Estratégicos, Vol. 4, N°1, Utem","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/43066590/La_Dial%C3%A9ctica_en_el_Desarrollo_metodol%C3%B3gico","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"utem-cl"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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momento en que justamente se están consolidando tanto la ciencia como el método científico. Por ello, se visualizan y comentan las distintas interpretaciones con las cuales frecuentemente se entiende el método científico y se dan ejemplos al respecto. Y en especial se considera el caso de la expansión de la física newtoniana como centro para apreciar el rol de la dialéctica en la marcha evolutiva de la ciencia. Abstract Summary the role of dialectic analisa as the linchpin of the methods of science , especially in the eighteenth century , at the time that just are consolidating both science and the scientific method. Therefore , they displayed and discussed the different interpretations which often means the scientific method and examples of this are given. And especially it is considering the case of expansdión of Newtonian physics as a center to appreciate the role of the dialectic in the evolutionary march of science.","publication_date":"2016,,","publication_name":"Revista de Estudios Políticos y Estratégicos, Vol. 4, N°1, Utem"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"es","title":"La Dialéctica en el Desarrollo metodológico","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [58072019]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;swp-splash-paper-cover&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:63325838,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;}"><img alt="First page of “La Dialéctica en el Desarrollo metodológico”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/63325838/mini_magick20200515-3679-gyb1c5.png?1589603009" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">La Dialéctica en el Desarrollo metodológico</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58072019" href="https://utem-cl.academia.edu/ZenobioSaldiviaMaldonado"><img alt="Profile image of Zenobio Saldivia Maldonado" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/58072019/44709707/35105264/s65_zenobio.saldivia_maldonado.jpg" />Zenobio Saldivia Maldonado</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2016, Revista de Estudios Políticos y Estratégicos, Vol. 4, N°1, Utem</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Resumen Se analisa el rol de la dialéctica como eje articulador de los métodos de la ciencia, en especial en el siglo XVIII, en el momento en que justamente se están consolidando tanto la ciencia como el método científico. Por ello, se visualizan y comentan las distintas interpretaciones con las cuales frecuentemente se entiende el método científico y se dan ejemplos al respecto. Y en especial se considera el caso de la expansión de la física newtoniana como centro para apreciar el rol de la dialéctica en la marcha evolutiva de la ciencia. Abstract Summary the role of dialectic analisa as the linchpin of the methods of science , especially in the eighteenth century , at the time that just are consolidating both science and the scientific method. Therefore , they displayed and discussed the different interpretations which often means the scientific method and examples of this are given. And especially it is considering the case of expansdión of Newtonian physics as a center to appreciate the role of the dialectic in the evolutionary march of science.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;continue-reading-button--work-card&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:63325838,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/43066590/La_Dial%C3%A9ctica_en_el_Desarrollo_metodol%C3%B3gico&quot;}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;download-pdf-button--work-card&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:63325838,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/43066590/La_Dial%C3%A9ctica_en_el_Desarrollo_metodol%C3%B3gico&quot;}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="63325838" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/43066590/La_Dial%C3%A9ctica_en_el_Desarrollo_metodol%C3%B3gico" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="93301514" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/93301514/Dial%C3%A9ctica_plat%C3%B3nica_y_metodolog%C3%ADa">Dialéctica platónica y metodología</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50652724" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Jes%C3%BAsPonsDominguis">Jesús Pons Dominguis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revista Española de Educación Comparada, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The objective of this work is to apply the analogical dialectic developed by Plato as an adequate methodology to understand his thinking. 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La celebración del 30 aniversario de Dialéctica constituye, pues, una excelente ocasión para reflexionar sobre la situación actual y perspectivas del pensamiento crítico.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Dialéctica y Pensamiento Crítico&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:64542789,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/44182388/Dial%C3%A9ctica_y_Pensamiento_Cr%C3%ADtico&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44182388/Dial%C3%A9ctica_y_Pensamiento_Cr%C3%ADtico"><span 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data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;La Dialéctica Como Método Del Derecho&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:117268060,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/122641969/La_Dial%C3%A9ctica_Como_M%C3%A9todo_Del_Derecho&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122641969/La_Dial%C3%A9ctica_Como_M%C3%A9todo_Del_Derecho"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="79590733" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79590733/Deducci%C3%B3n_dial%C3%A9ctica_y_di%C3%A1logo">Deducción, dialéctica y diálogo</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50987928" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AngeloPapacchini">Angelo Papacchini</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ideas Y Valores, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Deducción, dialéctica y diálogo&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:86253255,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/79590733/Deducci%C3%B3n_dial%C3%A9ctica_y_di%C3%A1logo&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79590733/Deducci%C3%B3n_dial%C3%A9ctica_y_di%C3%A1logo"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="42036931" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42036931/La_dial%C3%A9ctica_como_forma_de_exposici%C3%B3n">La dialéctica como forma de exposición</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="140639697" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/CESARRUIZSANJUAN">César Ruiz Sanjuán</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Pensamiento. Revista de investigación filosófica, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Este trabajo tiene como objetivo poner de manifiesto los caracteres específicos que presenta la concepción de Marx de la dialéctica como forma de exposición científica. Para ello distinguimos la concepción de la dialéctica que aparece en sus escritos de juventud de la que aparece en su obra de madurez, y mostramos que en esta última la dialéctica no está referida al desarrollo histórico, sino a la exposición teórica del sistema capitalista desarrollado. Abordamos después la cuestión del orden de sucesión de las categorías como elemento constitutivo esencial del método dialéctico, así como la función que tiene la contradicción en la exposición dialéctica. Por último, analizamos los aspectos fundamentales del modo en que se articulan la dialéctica y la crítica. The aim of this work is to point out the specific charcaters that present Marx´s conception of the dialectic as scientific form of exposition. In order to it we distinguish the conception of the dialectic that appears in his writings of youth from the one that appears in his mature work, and we show that in the latter the dialectic is not referred to the historical development, but to the theoretical exposition of the developed capitalist system. Then we deal with the issue of the succession order of the categories as essential constituent element of the dialectical method, as well as the role of the contradiction in the dialectical exposition. Finally we analyze the fundamental aspects of the way in which are articulated the dialectic and the critique.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;La dialéctica como forma de exposición&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:62163544,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/42036931/La_dial%C3%A9ctica_como_forma_de_exposici%C3%B3n&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/42036931/La_dial%C3%A9ctica_como_forma_de_exposici%C3%B3n"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="28806806" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28806806/La_dial%C3%A9ctica_La_verdadera_t%C3%A9cnica_del_discurso">La dialéctica: La verdadera técnica del discurso</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54236633" href="https://uba.academia.edu/FranciscoIversen">Francisco Iversen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">En el Fedro vemos un tratamiento de la retórica distinto al de diálogos como el Gorgias donde la retórica llega a ser caracterizada como un arte inútil (461b), y esto trae muchas discusiones entre los intérpretes. Algunos sostienen que Platón tomó una postura menos extrema respecto del tema y ahora propone a la técnica retórica como un arte filosófica aunque sin hacerla coincidir con la dialéctica (Murray, 1988), otros no ven ningún cambio de planteo respecto de otros diálogos (Vallejo Campos, 2002) y algunos consideran que los cambios en el modo de tratar la retórica no responden a una flexibilización al respecto por parte de Platón, sino a los diferentes objetivos de cada uno de los diálogos según el interés y el interlocutor que corresponde en cada caso (Solana Dueso, 1964). Consideramos que desde el momento en que Sócrates impone el conocimiento de la verdad como requerimiento para poseer la técnica retórica (260e, 271a-b, 277c), sólo el dialéctico puede ser un orador con técnica y no así el sofista ni el logógrafo, que no poseen técnica, sino, a lo sumo, sólo destreza (257c, 260e) . Leyendo el Fedro en esta clave de lectura, consideramos que la retórica no puede ser otra que la dialéctica y este trabajo consistirá en poner a prueba esta hipótesis.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;La dialéctica: La verdadera técnica del discurso&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:49225434,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;docx&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/28806806/La_dial%C3%A9ctica_La_verdadera_t%C3%A9cnica_del_discurso&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28806806/La_dial%C3%A9ctica_La_verdadera_t%C3%A9cnica_del_discurso"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="69960906" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69960906/De_la_dial%C3%A9ctica_a_la_dial%C3%B3gica">De la dialéctica a la dialógica</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="703618" href="https://ufvitoria.academia.edu/%C3%81lvaroAbell%C3%A1nGarc%C3%ADaBarrio">Álvaro Abellán-García Barrio</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">El siglo xx ha visto nacer la llamada «filosofia del dialogo», vinculada al personalismo, cuya fecundidad ha alcanzado a disciplinas como la pedagogia, la Teoria politica, la Sociologia y la Teoria de la Comunicacion, y a practicas profesionales emergentes como el coaching. Esta perspectiva filosofica no debe confundirse con la dialectica, sea de corte hegeliano o marxista, puesto que en algunos aspectos fundamentales se opone radicalmente a ella. Si la dialectica es marcadamente idealista y se afirma como sistematica, la dialogica es profundamente realista-existencial, y huye de las pretensiones de reducir la realidad a sistema. Si la dialectica toma como fuente esencial de progreso el conflicto, la dialogica entiende que toda creatividad es fruto del encuentro.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;De la dialéctica a la dialógica&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:79861280,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/69960906/De_la_dial%C3%A9ctica_a_la_dial%C3%B3gica&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69960906/De_la_dial%C3%A9ctica_a_la_dial%C3%B3gica"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:63325838,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:63325838,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_63325838" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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