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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Baroque_zarzuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baroque_zarzuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Baroque <i>zarzuela</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baroque_zarzuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Italian influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romantic_zarzuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romantic_zarzuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Romantic <i>zarzuela</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romantic_zarzuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zarzuela_in_Catalonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zarzuela_in_Catalonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span><i>Zarzuela</i> in Catalonia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zarzuela_in_Catalonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zarzuela_in_Cuba_and_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zarzuela_in_Cuba_and_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span><i>Zarzuela</i> in Cuba and Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zarzuela_in_Cuba_and_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zarzuela_in_the_Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zarzuela_in_the_Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span><i>Zarzuela</i> in the Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zarzuela_in_the_Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recorded_zarzuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recorded_zarzuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Recorded <i>zarzuela</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recorded_zarzuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zarzuela_composers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zarzuela_composers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span><i>Zarzuela</i> composers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zarzuela_composers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_zarzuelas_selection_(including_zarzuela-style_operas)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_zarzuelas_selection_(including_zarzuela-style_operas)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Spanish zarzuelas selection (including zarzuela-style operas)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_zarzuelas_selection_(including_zarzuela-style_operas)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Zarzuela</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="أوبريت (إسبانيا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوبريت (إسبانيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сарсуэла – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сарсуэла" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarsuela" title="Sarsuela – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sarsuela" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Θαρθουέλα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θαρθουέλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuelo_(teatro)" title="Zarzuelo (teatro) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zarzuelo (teatro)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%C3%A6" title="Сарсуэлæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сарсуэлæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%94" title="סרסואלה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סרסואלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="اوبريت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوبريت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela_(opera)" title="Zarzuela (opera) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zarzuela (opera)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A8%E3%83%A9" title="サルスエラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サルスエラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuel%C4%83" title="Zarzuelă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zarzuelă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сарсуэла – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сарсуэла" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarsuwela" title="Sarsuwela – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sarsuwela" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сарсуела – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сарсуела" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zarzuela" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87" title="查瑞拉歌劇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="查瑞拉歌劇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q148163#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Spanish lyric-dramatic genre</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Zarzuela_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Zarzuela (disambiguation)">Zarzuela (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dona_Francisquita.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dona_Francisquita.jpg/250px-Dona_Francisquita.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Dona_Francisquita.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption>Poster of <i><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_Francisquita" title="Doña Francisquita">Doña Francisquita</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p><b><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Zarzuela</i></span></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[θaɾˈθwela]</a></span>) is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates between spoken and sung scenes, the latter incorporating <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">operatic</a> and popular songs, as well as dance. The etymology of the name is uncertain, but some propose it may derive from the name of a royal hunting lodge, the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Zarzuela" title="Palace of Zarzuela">Palace of Zarzuela</a>, near Madrid, where that type of entertainment was allegedly first presented to the court.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The palace in turn was named after the <a href="/wiki/Bramble" class="mw-redirect" title="Bramble">brambles</a> (<i lang="es"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zarza#Spanish" class="extiw" title="wikt:zarza">zarzas</a></i>) that grew there. </p><p>There are two main forms of <i>zarzuela</i>: <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> <i>zarzuela</i> (c. 1630–1750), the earliest style, and <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> <i>zarzuela</i> (c. 1850–1950). Romantic zarzuelas can be further divided into two main subgenres, <i>género grande</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nero_chico" title="Género chico">género chico</a></i>, although other sub-divisions exist. </p><p><i>Zarzuela</i> spread to the Spanish dominions, and many Spanish-speaking countries – notably <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba#Zarzuela" title="Music of Cuba">Cuba</a> – developed their own traditions. <i>Zarzuela</i> is also a strong tradition in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, where it is also referred to in certain dialects as <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">sarswela/sarsuela</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-ilocandiatreasures1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilocandiatreasures1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other regional and linguistic variants in Spain include the <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> <i><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">zartzuela</i></span></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">sarsuela</i></span>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Masque" title="Masque">masque</a>-like musical theatre had existed in Spain since the time of <a href="/wiki/Juan_del_Encina" title="Juan del Encina">Juan del Encina</a>. The <i>zarzuela</i> genre was innovative in giving a dramatic function to the musical numbers, which were integrated into the plot of the work. Dances and choruses were incorporated as well as solo and ensemble numbers, all to orchestral accompaniment. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baroque_zarzuela">Baroque <i>zarzuela</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Baroque zarzuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1657 at the Royal Palace of <i><a href="/wiki/El_Prado_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="El Prado Museum">El Prado</a></i>, King <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a>, Queen Mariana and their court attended the first performance of a new comedy by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca">Pedro Calderón de la Barca</a>, with music by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Hidalgo_de_Polanco" title="Juan Hidalgo de Polanco">Juan Hidalgo de Polanco</a> titled <i>El Laurel de Apolo</i> (The Laurels of Apollo). <i>El Laurel de Apolo</i> traditionally symbolises the birth of a new musical genre that had become known as <i>La Zarzuela</i>. </p><p>Like Calderón de la Barca's earlier <i>El golfo de las sirenas</i> (<i>The Sirens' Gulf</i>, 1657), <i>El Laurel de Apolo</i> mixed mythological verse drama with operatic solos, popular songs and dances. The characters in these early, <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">baroque</a> <i>zarzuelas</i> were a mixture of gods, mythological creatures and rustic or pastoral comedy characters; <a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Literes" title="Antonio de Literes">Antonio de Literes</a>'s popular <i><a href="/wiki/Acis_y_Galatea" title="Acis y Galatea">Acis y Galatea</a></i> (1708) is yet another example. Unlike some other operatic forms, there were spoken interludes, often in verse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italian_influence">Italian influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Italian influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 18th-century <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> Spain, Italian artistic style dominated in the arts, including <a href="/wiki/Italian_opera" title="Italian opera">Italian opera</a>. <i>Zarzuela</i>, though still written to Spanish texts, changed to accommodate the Italian vogue. During the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a>, political problems provoked a series of revolts against his Italian ministers; these were echoed in theatrical presentations. The older style <i>zarzuela</i> fell out of fashion, but popular Spanish tradition continued to manifest itself in shorter works, such as the single-scene <i><a href="/wiki/Tonadilla" title="Tonadilla">tonadilla</a></i> (or <i><a href="/wiki/Intermezzo" title="Intermezzo">intermezzo</a></i>) of which the finest literary exponent was <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_de_la_Cruz" title="Ramón de la Cruz">Ramón de la Cruz</a>. Musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Hita" title="Antonio Rodríguez de Hita">Antonio Rodríguez de Hita</a> were proficient in the shorter style of works, though he also wrote a full-scale <i>zarzuela</i> with de la Cruz entitled <i>Las segadoras de Vallecas</i> (<i>The Reapers of Vallecas</i>, 1768). <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Castel" title="José Castel">José Castel</a> was one of several composers to write for the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_del_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Teatro del Príncipe">Teatro del Príncipe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="19th_century">19th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1850s and 1860s a group of patriotic writers and composers led by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Asenjo_Barbieri" title="Francisco Asenjo Barbieri">Francisco Barbieri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Gaztambide" title="Joaquín Gaztambide">Joaquín Gaztambide</a> revived the <i>zarzuela</i> form, seeing in it a possible release from French and Italian music hegemony. The elements of the work continue to be the same: sung solos and choruses, spiced with spoken scenes, and comedic songs, ensembles and dances. <a href="/wiki/Costume_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Costume drama">Costume dramas</a> and regional variations abound, and the <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">librettos</a> (though often based on French originals) are rich in Spanish idioms and popular jargon. </p><p>The <i>zarzuelas</i> of the day included in their librettos various regionalisms and popular slang, such as that of Madrid <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castizo_(Madrid)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castizo (Madrid) (page does not exist)">castizos</a></i>. Often, the success of a work was due to one or more songs that the public came to know and love. Despite some modifications the basic structure of the <i>zarzuela</i> remained the same: dialogue scenes, songs, choruses, and comic scenes generally performed by two actor-singers. The culminating masterpieces from this period were Barbieri's <i>Pan y toros</i> and Gaztambide's <i><a href="/wiki/El_juramento_(zarzuela)" title="El juramento (zarzuela)">El juramento</a></i>. Another notable composer from this period was <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Arrieta" title="Emilio Arrieta">Emilio Arrieta</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romantic_zarzuela">Romantic <i>zarzuela</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Romantic zarzuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_(Spain)" title="Glorious Revolution (Spain)">Glorious Revolution</a> of 1868, the country entered a deep crisis (especially economically), which was reflected in theatre. The public could not afford high-priced theatre tickets for grandiose productions, which led to the rise of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teatros_Variedades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teatros Variedades (page does not exist)">Teatros Variedades</a> ("variety theatres") in Madrid, with cheap tickets for one-act plays (<a href="/wiki/Sainete" title="Sainete">sainetes</a>). This "theatre of an hour" had great success and <i>zarzuela</i> composers took to the new formula with alacrity. Single-act <i>zarzuelas</i> were classified as <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nero_chico" title="Género chico">género chico</a></i> ("little genre") whilst the longer <i>zarzuelas</i> of three acts, lasting up to four hours, were called <i>género grande</i> ("grand genre"). <i>Zarzuela grande</i> battled on at the Teatro de la Zarzuela de Madrid, founded by Barbieri and his friends in the 1850s. A newer theatre, the Apolo, opened in 1873. At first it attempted to present the <i>género grande</i>, but it soon yielded to the taste and economics of the time, and became the "temple" of the more populist <i>género chico</i> in the late 1870s. </p><p>Musical content from this era ranges from full-scale operatic arias (<i>romanzas</i>) through to popular songs, and dialogue from high poetic drama to lowlife <a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">comedy</a> characters. There are also many types of <i>zarzuela</i> in between the two named genres, with a variety of musical and dramatic flavours. </p><p>Many of the greatest <i>zarzuelas</i> were written in the 1880s and 1890s, but the form continued to adapt to new theatrical stimuli until well into the 20th century. With the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, the form rapidly declined, and the last romantic <i>zarzuelas</i> to hold the stage were written in the 1950s. </p><p>Whilst Barbieri produced the influential <i>zarzuela grande</i> <i><a href="/wiki/El_barberillo_de_Lavapi%C3%A9s" title="El barberillo de Lavapiés">El barberillo de Lavapiés</a></i>, the classic exponent of the <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nero_chico" title="Género chico">género chico</a></i> was his pupil <a href="/wiki/Federico_Chueca" title="Federico Chueca">Federico Chueca</a>, whose <i>La gran vía</i> (composed with <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Valverde_Dur%C3%A1n" title="Joaquín Valverde Durán">Joaquín Valverde Durán</a>) was a cult success both in Spain and throughout Europe. </p><p>The musical heir of Chueca was <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Serrano_(composer)" title="José Serrano (composer)">José Serrano</a>, whose short, one act <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nero_chico" title="Género chico">género chico</a></i> <i>zarzuelas</i> - notably <i>La canción del olvido</i>, <i>Alma de dios</i> and the much later <i>Los claveles</i> and <i>La dolorosa</i> - form a stylistic bridge to the more musically sophisticated <i>zarzuelas</i> of the 20th century. </p><p>Just as romantic <i>zarzuela</i> featured popular customs, festivals, and manners of speech, especially those of the poor areas of Madrid, many feature strong social criticism and reflect political polemics of the day.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20th_century">20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_Margaux_(1903).ogg" title="File:Château Margaux (1903).ogg"><i>Château Margaux</i></a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="206" data-mwtitle="Château_Margaux_(1903).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Ch%C3%A2teau_Margaux_%281903%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Ch%C3%A2teau_Margaux_%281903%29.ogg/Ch%C3%A2teau_Margaux_%281903%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">A <i>zarzuela</i> sung by Lola Membrives and Paco Martínez, recorded in Barcelona in 1903</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>From about 1900, the term <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">género ínfimo</i></span> ("degraded" or "low genre") was coined to describe an emerging form of entertainment allied to the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">revista</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">revue</a>) type of musical comedy: these were musical works similar to the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">género chico</i></span> zarzuela but lighter and bolder in their social criticism,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with scenes portraying sexual themes and many verbal double entendres. One popular work from the <i>género ínfimo</i> years is <i>La corte de Faraón</i> (1910), by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicente_Lle%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicente Lleó (page does not exist)">Vicente Lleó</a>, which was based on the French operetta <i>Madame Putiphar</i>. </p><p>In the second decade of the century, the influences of Viennese <a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">operetta</a> and the English followers of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan" title="Arthur Sullivan">Sullivan</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Monckton" title="Lionel Monckton">Lionel Monckton</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> made themselves felt, in works such as <i>Molinos de viento</i> and <i>El asombro de Damasco</i> (both by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Luna" title="Pablo Luna">Pablo Luna</a>), before the Spanish tradition of great acts was reasserted in <a href="/wiki/Amadeu_Vives" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeu Vives">Amadeu Vives</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_Francisquita" title="Doña Francisquita">Doña Francisquita</a></i> (1923). The zarzuela continued to flourish in the 1930s, thanks to composers of the stature of <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Soroz%C3%A1bal" title="Pablo Sorozábal">Pablo Sorozábal</a> – who reinvigorated it as a vehicle for socio-political comment – <a href="/wiki/Federico_Moreno_Torroba" title="Federico Moreno Torroba">Federico Moreno Torroba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Alonso_(composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Alonso (composer)">Francisco Alonso</a>. </p><p>However, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> brought a decline of the genre, and after the Second World War, its extinction as a live genre was almost total. There were no new authors and the compositions are not renovated. There have been no significant new works created since the 1950s; the existing zarzuela repertoire is costly to produce, and many classics have been performed only sporadically in recent years, at least professionally. </p><p>The genre has again found favour in Spain and elsewhere: younger people, in particular, have been drawn to its lyrical music and theatrical spectacle in the 1940s and 1950s. Spanish radio and television have dedicated time to zarzuela in 1978, not least in a popular series of programs produced by <a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a> and entitled <i>Antología de la zarzuela</i> ("Zarzuela Anthology"). These were based on <a href="/wiki/Lip_sync" title="Lip sync">lip syncs</a> of the classic recordings of the 1940s and 1950s. Some years earlier, <a href="/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario">impresario</a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Tamayo" title="José Tamayo">José Tamayo</a> worked a theatrical show of the same name which popularized pieces of zarzuela through several national and international tours.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zarzuela_in_Catalonia"><i>Zarzuela</i> in Catalonia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Zarzuela in Catalonia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the <i>zarzuela</i> tradition flourished in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> and other Spanish cities, <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> developed its own <i>zarzuela</i>, with librettos in <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>. The atmosphere, the plots, and the music were quite different from the model that triumphed in Madrid, as the Catalan <i>zarzuela</i> was looking to attract a different public, the bourgeois classes. Catalan <i>zarzuela</i> was turned little by little into what is called, in Catalan, <i>teatre líric català</i> ("Catalan lyric theater"), with a personality of its own, and with <i><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">modernista</a></i> lyricists and composers such as <a href="/wiki/Enric_Granados" class="mw-redirect" title="Enric Granados">Enric Granados</a> or <a href="/wiki/Enric_Morera_i_Viura" title="Enric Morera i Viura">Enric Morera</a>. </p><p>In the final years of the 19th century, as <i><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">modernisme</a></i> emerged, one of the notable <i>modernistas</i>, and one of <a href="/wiki/Felip_Pedrell" title="Felip Pedrell">Felip Pedrell</a>'s pupils, <a href="/wiki/Amadeu_Vives" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeu Vives">Amadeu Vives</a> came onto the Barcelona scene. He contributed to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Orfe%C3%B3_Catal%C3%A0" title="Orfeó Català">Orfeó Català</a> in 1891, along with <a href="/wiki/Llu%C3%ADs_Millet" title="Lluís Millet">Lluís Millet</a>. In spite of a success sustained over many years, his musical ambition took him to Madrid, where <i>zarzuela</i> had a higher profile. Vives became one of the most important <i>zarzuela</i> composers, with such masterpieces as <i>Doña Francisquita</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zarzuela_in_Cuba_and_Mexico"><i>Zarzuela</i> in Cuba and Mexico</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Zarzuela in Cuba and Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Cuba the <a href="/wiki/Afrocubanismo" title="Afrocubanismo">afrocubanismo</a> <i>zarzuelas</i> of <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Lecuona" title="Ernesto Lecuona">Ernesto Lecuona</a> (<i>María la O</i>; <i>El cafetal</i>), <a href="/wiki/Eliseo_Grenet" title="Eliseo Grenet">Eliseo Grenet</a> (<i>La virgen morena</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Roig" title="Gonzalo Roig">Gonzalo Roig</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Vald%C3%A9s" title="Cecilia Valdés">Cecilia Valdés</a></i>, based on <a href="/wiki/Cirilo_Villaverde" title="Cirilo Villaverde">Cirilo Villaverde</a>'s classic novel) represent a brief golden age of political and cultural importance. These and other works centred on the plight of the <a href="/wiki/Mulata" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulata">mulata</a> woman and other black underclasses in Cuban society. The outstanding star of many of these productions was <a href="/wiki/Rita_Montaner" title="Rita Montaner">Rita Montaner</a>. </p><p>Mexico likewise had its own <i>zarzuela</i> traditions. One example is <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Curti" title="Carlo Curti">Carlo Curti</a>'s <i>La cuarta plana</i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Esperanza_Iris" title="Esperanza Iris">Esperanza Iris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zarzuela_in_the_Philippines"><i>Zarzuela</i> in the Philippines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Zarzuela in the Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Philippines">Philippines</a>, the <i>Zarzuela Musical Theatre</i> has been widely adapted by Filipinos in their native cultures, notably in urban areas. The theatre was only introduced by the Spanish in 1878, despite being part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> since the middle of the 16th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During this time, the plays were performed only by Spanish people. By 1880, majority of the performers and writers were Filipinos, notably Philippine national hero, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a>, who was fond of the play.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards, local languages, instead of Spanish, were used to perform the complex theatre, with additions from multiple cultures throughout the archipelago. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (December 2022)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When the Philippines was colonized by the Americans in the early 20th century, the humor from the <i>moro-moro play</i> was added into the Philippine zarzuela, while moving away from the traditional Spanish zarzuela. The theatre afterwards was used by Filipinos to express freedom from discrimination and colonial rule, depicting the Filipino people triumphant against the Spanish and Americans by the end of each play. The revolutionary overtones of the play prompted the American colonialists to arrest various performers and writers of the Philippine zarzuela, to the extent of forcefully shutting down entire zarzuela companies in the Philippines. In the 1920s, due to the introduction of the cinema, the zarzuela became widely popular in the rural areas, disabling the Americans from stopping the plays from spreading. The Philippine zarzuela evolved into a kind of comedy of manners distinct to the Filipino taste. In 2011, the performing art was cited by the <a href="/wiki/National_Commission_for_Culture_and_the_Arts" title="National Commission for Culture and the Arts">National Commission for Culture and the Arts</a> as one of the intangible cultural heritage of the Philippines under the performing arts category that the government may nominate in the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists</a>. In 2012, through a partnership with UNESCO, the Philippine government established the documents needed for the safeguarding of the Philippine zarzuela. UNESCO has cited the Philippine zarzuela as the national theatre and opera of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recorded_zarzuela">Recorded <i>zarzuela</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Recorded zarzuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1950 onwards, <i>zarzuela</i> prospered in a series of LP recordings from EMI, <a href="/wiki/Hispavox" title="Hispavox">Hispavox</a> and others, with worldwide distribution. A series produced by the Alhambra company of Madrid, the majority conducted by the leading Spanish conductor <a href="/wiki/Ataulfo_Argenta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ataulfo Argenta">Ataulfo Argenta</a> had particular success. Many featured singers soon to become world-famous, such as <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Berganza" title="Teresa Berganza">Teresa Berganza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Kraus" title="Alfredo Kraus">Alfredo Kraus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pilar_Lorengar" title="Pilar Lorengar">Pilar Lorengar</a>; and later, <a href="/wiki/Montserrat_Caball%C3%A9" title="Montserrat Caballé">Montserrat Caballé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1cido_Domingo" title="Plácido Domingo">Plácido Domingo</a>. Less known performers such as Ana María Iriarte, Inés Ribadeneira, Toñy Rosado, Carlos Munguía, Renato Cesari, and others frequently lent their voices to the recordings. The choirs of Orfeón Donostiarra and Singers' Choir of Madrid also contributed, rounding out the overall quality of the works. After Argenta's death others such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indalecio_Cisneros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indalecio Cisneros (page does not exist)">Indalecio Cisneros</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Fr%C3%BChbeck_de_Burgos" title="Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos">Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos</a> continued in his footsteps. There were also recordings made conducted by the composers themselves, such as <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Soroz%C3%A1bal" title="Pablo Sorozábal">Pablo Sorozábal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federico_Moreno_Torroba" title="Federico Moreno Torroba">Federico Moreno Torroba</a>. Many well-known singers, including <a href="/wiki/Victoria_de_los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Victoria de los Ángeles">Victoria de los Ángeles</a> and Montserrat Caballé, have recorded albums of zarzuela songs and arias. </p><p>Many zarzuela productions are now to be seen on <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> disc. In March 2009, EuroArts released <i>Amor, Vida de Mi Vida</i>, a recording on Blu-ray disc of an August 2007 zarzuela concert by Plácido Domingo and <a href="/wiki/Ana_Mar%C3%ADa_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Ana María Martínez">Ana María Martínez</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Mozarteum_Orchestra_of_Salzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozarteum Orchestra of Salzburg">Mozarteum Orchestra of Salzburg</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_L%C3%B3pez-Cobos" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesús López-Cobos">Jesús López-Cobos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2009, BBC/Opus Arte released a Blu-ray disc of a July 2006 performance of <a href="/wiki/Federico_Moreno_Torroba" title="Federico Moreno Torroba">Federico Moreno Torroba</a>'s <i>Luisa Fernanda</i> with Plácido Domingo and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Fabiola_Herrera" title="Nancy Fabiola Herrera">Nancy Herrera</a>, recorded at the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Real" title="Teatro Real">Teatro Real de Madrid</a> with Jesús López-Cobos conducting.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, the Jarvis Conservatory of Napa, California, between 1996 and 2005, mounted several full zarzuela productions, subsequently issued on DVD and online. The series includes <i><a href="/wiki/La_dolorosa" title="La dolorosa">La dolorosa</a></i>; <i>La Gran Via</i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Fernanda" title="Luisa Fernanda">Luisa Fernanda</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/La_verbena_de_la_Paloma" title="La verbena de la Paloma">La verbena de la Paloma</a></i>; <i>La Rosa del Azafrán</i>; <i><a href="/wiki/La_revoltosa" title="La revoltosa">La revoltosa</a></i>; <i>Agua, Azucarillos y Aguardiente</i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_Francisquita" title="Doña Francisquita">Doña Francisquita</a></i>; <i>Gigantes y Cabezudos</i>; <i>La alegría de la huerta</i>; <i>La chulapona</i>; <i>Luis Alonso</i> (Giménez, 1896); and <i><a href="/wiki/El_barberillo_de_Lavapi%C3%A9s" title="El barberillo de Lavapiés">El barberillo de Lavapiés</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zarzuela_composers"><i>Zarzuela</i> composers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Zarzuela composers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_zarzuela_composers" title="List of zarzuela composers">List of zarzuela composers</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spanish_zarzuelas_selection_(including_zarzuela-style_operas)"><span id="Spanish_zarzuelas_selection_.28including_zarzuela-style_operas.29"></span>Spanish zarzuelas selection (including zarzuela-style operas)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Spanish zarzuelas selection (including zarzuela-style operas)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i>Adiós a la bohemia</i> (1933) <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Soroz%C3%A1bal" title="Pablo Sorozábal">Pablo Sorozábal</a></li> <li><i>Agua, azucarillos y aguardiente</i> (1898) <a href="/wiki/Federico_Chueca" title="Federico Chueca">Federico Chueca</a></li> <li><i>La alegría de la huerta</i> (1900) <a href="/wiki/Federico_Chueca" title="Federico Chueca">Federico Chueca</a></li> <li><i>Alma de Dios</i> (1907) <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Serrano_(composer)" title="José Serrano (composer)">José Serrano</a></li> <li><i>El año pasado por agua</i> (1889 ) <a href="/wiki/Federico_Chueca" title="Federico Chueca">Federico Chueca</a></li> <li><i>El asombro de Damasco</i> (1916) <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Soroz%C3%A1bal" title="Pablo Sorozábal">Pablo Sorozábal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_barberillo_de_Lavapi%C3%A9s" title="El barberillo de Lavapiés">El barberillo de Lavapiés</a></i> (1874) <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Asenjo_Barbieri" title="Francisco Asenjo Barbieri">Francisco Asenjo Barbieri</a></li> <li><i>El bateo</i> (1901) <a href="/wiki/Federico_Chueca" title="Federico Chueca">Federico Chueca</a></li> <li><i>Black, el payaso</i> (1942) <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Soroz%C3%A1bal" title="Pablo Sorozábal">Pablo Sorozábal</a></li> <li><i>La boda de Luis Alonso</i> (1896) <a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B3nimo_Gim%C3%A9nez" title="Gerónimo Giménez">Gerónimo Giménez</a></li> <li><i>Bohemios</i> (1904) <a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Vives" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeo Vives">Vives</a></li> <li><i>La bruja</i> (1889) <a href="/wiki/Ruperto_Chap%C3%AD" title="Ruperto Chapí">Ruperto Chapí</a></li> <li><i>Los burladores</i> (1948) <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Soroz%C3%A1bal" title="Pablo Sorozábal">Pablo Sorozábal</a></li> <li><i>La calesera</i> (1925) <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Alonso" title="Francisco Alonso">Francisco Alonso</a></li> <li><i>La canción del olvido</i> (1928) <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Serrano_(composer)" title="José Serrano (composer)">José Serrano</a></li> <li><i>El caserío</i> (1926) <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Guridi" title="Jesús Guridi">Jesús Guridi</a></li> <li><i>El chaleco blanco</i> (1890) <a href="/wiki/Federico_Chueca" title="Federico Chueca">Federico Chueca</a></li> <li><i>La chulapona</i> (1934) <a href="/wiki/Federico_Moreno_Torroba" title="Federico Moreno Torroba">Federico Moreno Torroba</a></li> <li><i>Los claveles</i> (1929) <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Serrano_(composer)" title="José Serrano (composer)">José Serrano</a></li> <li><i>La corte de Faraón</i> (1910) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicente_Lle%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicente Lleó (page does not exist)">Vicente Lleó</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_diamantes_de_la_corona" title="Los diamantes de la corona">Los diamantes de la corona</a></i> (1854) Francisco Asenjo Barbieri</li> <li><i>La Dogaresa</i> (1916) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafael_Mill%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rafael Millán (page does not exist)">Rafael Millán</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_dolorosa" title="La dolorosa">La dolorosa</a></i> (1930) <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Serrano_(composer)" title="José Serrano (composer)">José Serrano</a></li> <li><i>Don Gil de Alcalá</i> (1932) <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Penella" title="Manuel Penella">Manuel Penella</a></li> <li><i>Don Manolito</i> (1943) <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Soroz%C3%A1bal" title="Pablo Sorozábal">Pablo Sorozábal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_Francisquita" title="Doña Francisquita">Doña Francisquita</a></i> (1923) <a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Vives" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeo Vives">Amadeo Vives</a></li> <li><i>El dúo de La africana</i>, (1893) <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Caballero" title="Manuel Fernández Caballero">Manuel Fernández Caballero</a></li> <li><i>La fiesta de San Antón</i> (1898) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1s_Torregrosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomás Torregrosa (page does not exist)">Tomás Torregrosa</a></li> <li><i>La fontana del placer</i> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Castel" title="José Castel">José Castel</a></li> <li><i>Los gavilanes</i> (1923) <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Guerrero" title="Jacinto Guerrero">Jacinto Guerrero</a></li> <li><i>La generala</i> (1912) <a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Vives" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeo Vives">Amadeo Vives</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gigantes_y_cabezudos" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigantes y cabezudos">Gigantes y cabezudos</a></i> (1898) <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Caballero" title="Manuel Fernández Caballero">Manuel Fernández Caballero</a></li> <li><i>Las golondrinas</i> (1914) <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Usandizaga" title="José María Usandizaga">José María Usandizaga</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Gran_V%C3%ADa_(zarzuela)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Gran Vía (zarzuela) (page does not exist)">La Gran Vía</a></i> (1886) <a href="/wiki/Federico_Chueca" title="Federico Chueca">Federico Chueca</a></li> <li><i>El huésped del Sevillano</i> (1926) <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Guerrero" title="Jacinto Guerrero">Jacinto Guerrero</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jugar_con_fuego" title="Jugar con fuego">Jugar con fuego</a></i> (1855) <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Asenjo_Barbieri" title="Francisco Asenjo Barbieri">Francisco Asenjo Barbieri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_juramento_(zarzuela)" title="El juramento (zarzuela)">El juramento</a></i> (1854) <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Gaztambide" title="Joaquín Gaztambide">Joaquín Gaztambide</a></li> <li><i>Katiuska</i> (1931) <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Soroz%C3%A1bal" title="Pablo Sorozábal">Pablo Sorozábal</a></li> <li><i>Las Leandras</i> (1931) <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Alonso" title="Francisco Alonso">Francisco Alonso</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Fernanda_(zarzuela)" title="Luisa Fernanda (zarzuela)">Luisa Fernanda</a></i> (1932) <a href="/wiki/Federico_Moreno_Torroba" title="Federico Moreno Torroba">Federico Moreno Torroba</a></li> <li><i>La del manojo de rosas</i> (1934) <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Soroz%C3%A1bal" title="Pablo Sorozábal">Pablo Sorozábal</a></li> <li><i>Marina</i> (1855/71) <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Arrieta" title="Emilio Arrieta">Emilio Arrieta</a></li> <li><i>Maruxa</i> (1914) <a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Vives" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeo Vives">Amadeo Vives</a></li> <li><i>La leyenda del beso</i> (1924) <a href="/wiki/Reveriano_Soutullo" title="Reveriano Soutullo">Reveriano Soutullo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juan_Vert" title="Juan Vert">Juan Vert</a></li> <li><i>Me llaman la Presumida</i> (1935) <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Alonso" title="Francisco Alonso">Francisco Alonso</a></li> <li><i>Molinos de viento</i> (1910) <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Luna" title="Pablo Luna">Pablo Luna</a></li> <li><i>La montería</i> (1923) <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Guerrero" title="Jacinto Guerrero">Jacinto Guerrero</a></li> <li><i>El niño judío</i> (1918) <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Luna" title="Pablo Luna">Pablo Luna</a></li> <li><i>Pan y toros</i> (1864) <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Asenjo_Barbieri" title="Francisco Asenjo Barbieri">Francisco Asenjo Barbieri</a></li> <li><i>La parranda </i> (1928) <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Alonso" title="Francisco Alonso">Francisco Alonso</a></li> <li><i>La patria chica</i> (1909) <a href="/wiki/Ruperto_Chap%C3%AD" title="Ruperto Chapí">Ruperto Chapí</a></li> <li><i>La pícara molinera</i> (1928) <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Luna" title="Pablo Luna">Pablo Luna</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_revoltosa" title="La revoltosa">La revoltosa</a></i> (1897) <a href="/wiki/Ruperto_Chap%C3%AD" title="Ruperto Chapí">Ruperto Chapí</a></li> <li><i>El rey que rabió</i> (1890) <a href="/wiki/Ruperto_Chap%C3%AD" title="Ruperto Chapí">Ruperto Chapí</a></li> <li><i>La rosa del azafrán</i> (1930) <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Guerrero" title="Jacinto Guerrero">Jacinto Guerrero</a></li> <li><i>El santo de la Isidra</i> (1898) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1s_Torregrosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomás Torregrosa (page does not exist)">Tomás Torregrosa</a></li> <li><i>El señor Joaquín</i> (1900) <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Caballero" title="Manuel Fernández Caballero">Manuel Fernández Caballero</a></li> <li><i>Los sobrinos del capitán Grant</i> (1877) <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Caballero" title="Manuel Fernández Caballero">Manuel Fernández Caballero</a></li> <li><i>La del Soto del Parral</i> (1927) <a href="/wiki/Reveriano_Soutullo" title="Reveriano Soutullo">Reveriano Soutullo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juan_Vert" title="Juan Vert">Juan Vert</a></li> <li><i>La tabernera del puerto</i> (1936) <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Soroz%C3%A1bal" title="Pablo Sorozábal">Pablo Sorozábal</a></li> <li><i>La tempestad</i> (1882) <a href="/wiki/Ruperto_Chap%C3%AD" title="Ruperto Chapí">Ruperto Chapí</a></li> <li><i>La tempranica</i> (1900) <a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B3nimo_Gim%C3%A9nez" title="Gerónimo Giménez">Gerónimo Giménez</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_verbena_de_la_Paloma" title="La verbena de la Paloma">La verbena de la Paloma</a></i> (1894) <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Bret%C3%B3n" title="Tomás Bretón">Tomás Bretón</a></li> <li><i>La viejecita</i> (1897) <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Caballero" title="Manuel Fernández Caballero">Manuel Fernández Caballero</a></li> <li><i>La villana</i> (1927) <a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Vives" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeo Vives">Amadeo Vives</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teatro_de_la_Zarzuela" title="Teatro de la Zarzuela">Teatro de la Zarzuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_opera" title="Spanish opera">Spanish opera</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCorominas1980" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Corominas, Joan (1980). <i>Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana</i> (in Spanish) (3rd ed.). Madrid: Editorial Gredos. <q>Zarzuela, princ. S. XVII: el nombre de esta representación lírico-dramática viene, según algunos, del Real Sitio de la Zarzuela, donde se representaría la primera, pero la historia del vocablo no se ha averiguado bien y en su primera aparición es nombre de una danza.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breve+diccionario+etimol%C3%B3gico+de+la+lengua+castellana&rft.place=Madrid&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Editorial+Gredos&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Corominas&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZarzuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ilocandiatreasures1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ilocandiatreasures1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonio2009" class="citation web cs1">Antonio, Edwin (7 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100624114943/http://www.ilocandiatreasures.com/2009/02/zarzuela-ilocana-in-competition.html">"Zarzuela Ilocana in Competition"</a>. <i>Treasures of Ilocandia and the World</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilocandiatreasures.com/2009/02/zarzuela-ilocana-in-competition.html">the original</a> on 24 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Treasures+of+Ilocandia+and+the+World&rft.atitle=Zarzuela+Ilocana+in+Competition&rft.date=2009-02-07&rft.aulast=Antonio&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilocandiatreasures.com%2F2009%2F02%2Fzarzuela-ilocana-in-competition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZarzuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">* 'Spain and Zarzuela' in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Cambridge_Companion_to_Operetta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Cambridge Companion to Operetta (page does not exist)">The Cambridge Companion to Operetta</a></i> (Cambridge, University Press, 2019 ed. Anastasia Belina and Derek B. Scott) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107182165" title="Special:BookSources/9781107182165">9781107182165</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoppelbauerSartingen2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Doppelbauer, Max; Sartingen, Kathrin, eds. (2010). <i>De la zarzuela al cine: Los medios de comunicacion populares y su traduccion de la voz marginal</i> (in Spanish). München: Martin Meidenbauer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89975-208-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89975-208-3"><bdi>978-3-89975-208-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+la+zarzuela+al+cine%3A+Los+medios+de+comunicacion+populares+y+su+traduccion+de+la+voz+marginal&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pub=Martin+Meidenbauer&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-89975-208-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZarzuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebber2005" class="citation web cs1">Webber, Christopher (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080820055222/http://www.zarzuela.net/ref/reviews/asom05_eng.htm">"El asombro de Damasco"</a>. <i>zarzuela.net</i> (Review). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zarzuela.net/ref/reviews/asom05_eng.htm">the original</a> on 20 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zarzuela.net&rft.atitle=El+asombro+de+Damasco&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Webber&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zarzuela.net%2Fref%2Freviews%2Fasom05_eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZarzuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorres1987" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Torres, Rosana (16 December 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191014220331/https://elpais.com/diario/1987/12/16/cultura/566607606_850215.html">"Tamayo presenta en la 'Nueva antología' lo más sobresaliente de la zarzuela moderna"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/diario/1987/12/16/cultura/566607606_850215.html">the original</a> on 14 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Tamayo+presenta+en+la+%27Nueva+antolog%C3%ADa%27+lo+m%C3%A1s+sobresaliente+de+la+zarzuela+moderna&rft.date=1987-12-16&rft.aulast=Torres&rft.aufirst=Rosana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fdiario%2F1987%2F12%2F16%2Fcultura%2F566607606_850215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZarzuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2002" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Walter Aaron, ed. (2002). <i>From Tejano to Tango: Latin American Popular Music</i>. New York: Routledge. p. 101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Tejano+to+Tango%3A+Latin+American+Popular+Music&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZarzuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prezi.com/bw76yojabj2i/junto-al-pasig-by-jose-rizal/">"Junto al Pasig by: Jose Rizal"</a>. <i>prezi.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prezi.com&rft.atitle=Junto+al+Pasig+by%3A+Jose+Rizal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprezi.com%2Fbw76yojabj2i%2Fjunto-al-pasig-by-jose-rizal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZarzuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/386945/vico-sotto-backs-revival-of-rizal-zarzuela/">"Vico Sotto backs revival of Rizal zarzuela"</a>. <i>Lifestyle.INQ</i>. 12 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lifestyle.INQ&rft.atitle=Vico+Sotto+backs+revival+of+Rizal+zarzuela&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flifestyle.inquirer.net%2F386945%2Fvico-sotto-backs-revival-of-rizal-zarzuela%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZarzuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180128041309/http://ichcap.org/eng/ek/sub3/pdf_file/domain2/018_Zarzuela_Musical_Theatre.pdf">"Zarzuela – Musical Theatre"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ichcap.org/eng/ek/sub3/pdf_file/domain2/018_Zarzuela_Musical_Theatre.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2018</span> – via ichcap.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zarzuela+%E2%80%93+Musical+Theatre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ichcap.org%2Feng%2Fek%2Fsub3%2Fpdf_file%2Fdomain2%2F018_Zarzuela_Musical_Theatre.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZarzuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErickson2009" class="citation web cs1">Erickson, Glenn (1 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090612071851/http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/37094/amor-vida-de-mi-vida-zarzuelas-by-palcido-domingo-and-ana-maria-martinez/">"Amor, Vida de Mi Vida: Zarzuelas by Plácido Domingo and Ana María Martínez (Blu-ray)"</a>. <i>DVD Talk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/37094/amor-vida-de-mi-vida-zarzuelas-by-palcido-domingo-and-ana-maria-martinez/">the original</a> on 12 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DVD+Talk&rft.atitle=Amor%2C+Vida+de+Mi+Vida%3A+Zarzuelas+by+Pl%C3%A1cido+Domingo+and+Ana+Mar%C3%ADa+Mart%C3%ADnez+%28Blu-ray%29&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvdtalk.com%2Freviews%2F37094%2Famor-vida-de-mi-vida-zarzuelas-by-palcido-domingo-and-ana-maria-martinez%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZarzuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKauffman2009" class="citation web cs1">Kauffman, Jeffrey (27 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090829233111/http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/37733/luisa-fernanda/">"Luisa Fernanda (Blu-ray)"</a>. <i>DVD Talk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/37733/luisa-fernanda/">the original</a> on 29 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DVD+Talk&rft.atitle=Luisa+Fernanda+%28Blu-ray%29&rft.date=2009-06-27&rft.aulast=Kauffman&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvdtalk.com%2Freviews%2F37733%2Fluisa-fernanda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZarzuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121010107/http://jarvisconservatory.com/ZarzuelaDVD.html">"Zarzuela Video Catalogue: Productions From the Jarvis Conservatory"</a>. <i>Jarvis Conservatory</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jarvisconservatory.com/ZarzuelaDVD.html">the original</a> on 21 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jarvis+Conservatory&rft.atitle=Zarzuela+Video+Catalogue%3A+Productions+From+the+Jarvis+Conservatory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjarvisconservatory.com%2FZarzuelaDVD.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZarzuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li>Alier, Roger (auct.) "Zarzuela", in L. Macy (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i> Online. Accessed 4 Jul 05. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grovemusic.com">www.grovemusic.com</a><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516041031/http://www.grovemusic.com/">Archived</a> 16 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Casares Rodicio, Emilio (ed.). <i>Diccionario de la Zarzuela. España e Hispanoamérica</i>. (two vols.) Madrid, ICCMU, 2002-3</li> <li>Cincotta, Vincent J. <i>Zarzuela-The Spanish Lyric Theatre</i>. University of Wollongong Press, rev. ed. 2011, pp. 766 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86418-700-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86418-700-9">0-86418-700-9</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zarzuela.net/ref/history.htm">History of Zarzuela</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229195102/http://www.zarzuela.net/ref/history.htm">Archived</a> 29 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Zarzuela.net</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Piz%C3%A0" title="Antoni Pizà">Pizà, Antoni</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Literes" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoni Literes">Antoni Literes</a>. Introducció a la seva obra</i> (Palma de Mallorca: Edicions Documenta Balear, 2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-95694-50-6" title="Special:BookSources/84-95694-50-6">84-95694-50-6</a>* Salaün, Serge. <i>El cuplé (1900-1936)</i>. (Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1990)</li> <li>Serna, Pierre-René. <i>Guide de la Zarzuela - La zarzuela de Z à A</i>. Bleu Nuit Éditeur, Paris, November 2012, 336 pp, 16,8 x 24 cm, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-913575-89-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-913575-89-9">978-2-913575-89-9</a></li> <li>Young, Clinton D. <i>Music Theater and Popular Nationalism in Spain, 1880–1930</i>. Louisiana State University Press, 2016.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Webber" title="Christopher Webber">Webber, Christopher</a>. <i>The Zarzuela Companion</i>. Maryland, Scarecrow Press, 2002. Lib. Cong. 2002110168 / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-4447-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-4447-8">0-8108-4447-8</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarzuela&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zarzuelas" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Zarzuelas">Zarzuelas</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zarzuela.net">Zarzuela.net</a> edited by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Webber" title="Christopher Webber">Christopher Webber</a> and Ignacio Jassa Haro</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/ZARZUDIS.HTM">Zarzuela Discography</a> at operadis-opera-discography.org.uk</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zarzueleros.com">Zarzueleros.com</a> in Spanish.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.march.es/bibliotecas/repositorio-fernandez-shaw/?l=2">The Fernández-Shaw saga and the lyrical theatre</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English and Spanish)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acte_de_ballet" class="mw-redirect" title="Acte de ballet">Acte de ballet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afterpiece" title="Afterpiece">Afterpiece</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azione_sacra" class="mw-redirect" title="Azione sacra">Azione sacra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azione_teatrale" title="Azione teatrale">Azione teatrale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ballad_opera" title="Ballad opera">Ballad opera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ballet_h%C3%A9ro%C3%AFque" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballet héroïque">Ballet héroïque</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BChnenfestspiel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bühnenfestspiel">Bühnenfestspiel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BChnenweihfestspiel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bühnenweihfestspiel">Bühnenweihfestspiel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burletta" title="Burletta">Burletta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_opera" title="Chamber opera">Chamber opera</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die_en_vaudevilles" title="Comédie en vaudevilles">Comédie en vaudevilles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die_lyrique" class="mw-redirect" title="Comédie lyrique">Comédie lyrique</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die_m%C3%AAl%C3%A9e_d%27ariettes" title="Comédie mêlée d'ariettes">Comédie mêlée d'ariettes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drame_lyrique" class="mw-redirect" title="Drame lyrique">Drame lyrique</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dramma_eroicomico" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramma eroicomico">Dramma eroicomico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dramma_giocoso" title="Dramma giocoso">Dramma giocoso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dramma_pastorale" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramma pastorale">Dramma pastorale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dramma_per_musica" title="Dramma per musica">Dramma per musica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duodrama" title="Duodrama">Duodrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy-tale_opera" title="Fairy-tale opera">Fairy-tale opera / <i>Märchenoper</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fait_historique" class="mw-redirect" title="Fait historique">Fait historique</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farsa" title="Farsa">Farsa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Festa_teatrale" title="Festa teatrale">Festa teatrale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nero_chico" title="Género chico">Género chico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nero_grande" class="mw-redirect" title="Género grande">Género grande</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grand_opera" title="Grand opera">Grand opera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Handlung" class="mw-redirect" title="Handlung">Handlung</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interm%C3%A8de" title="Intermède">Intermède</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermezzo#Opera_intermezzo" title="Intermezzo">Intermezzo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liederspiel" class="mw-redirect" title="Liederspiel">Liederspiel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Literaturoper" title="Literaturoper">Literaturoper</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodramma" title="Melodramma">Melodramma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monodrama" title="Monodrama">Monodrama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musikdrama" title="Musikdrama">Musikdrama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra" class="mw-redirect" title="Opéra">Opéra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opera_ballo" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera ballo">Opera ballo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-ballet" title="Opéra-ballet">Opéra-ballet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">Opera buffa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_bouffe" title="Opéra bouffe">Opéra bouffe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_bouffon" title="Opéra bouffon">Opéra bouffon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_comique" title="Opéra comique">Opéra comique</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_f%C3%A9erie" title="Opéra féerie">Opéra féerie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_lyrique" class="mw-redirect" title="Opéra lyrique">Opéra lyrique</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opera_semiseria" title="Opera semiseria">Opera semiseria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opera_seria" title="Opera seria">Opera seria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">Operetta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9rette" class="mw-redirect" title="Opérette">Opérette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pasticcio" title="Pasticcio">Pasticcio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pastorale_h%C3%A9ro%C3%AFque" title="Pastorale héroïque">Pastorale héroïque</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Posse_mit_Gesang" title="Posse mit Gesang">Posse mit Gesang</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_opera" title="Radio opera">Radio opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_opera" title="Rescue opera">Rescue opera</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romantische_Oper" title="Romantische Oper">Romantische Oper</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_opera" title="Savoy opera">Savoy opera</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schauspiel_mit_Gesang" class="mw-redirect" title="Schauspiel mit Gesang">Schauspiel mit Gesang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schuloper" class="mw-redirect" title="Schuloper">Schuloper</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_opera" title="Science fiction opera">Science fiction opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-opera" title="Semi-opera">Semi-opera</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sepolcro" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepolcro">Sepolcro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_opera_genres#Serenata" title="List of opera genres">Serenata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Singspiel" title="Singspiel">Singspiel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songspiel" class="mw-redirect" title="Songspiel">Songspiel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spieloper" title="Spieloper">Spieloper</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syngespil" class="mw-redirect" title="Syngespil">Syngespil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tonadilla" title="Tonadilla">Tonadilla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trag%C3%A9die_en_musique" title="Tragédie en musique">Tragédie en musique</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Verismo" title="Verismo">Verismo</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zarzuela</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zauberoper" class="mw-redirect" title="Zauberoper">Zauberoper</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zeitoper" title="Zeitoper">Zeitoper</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zwischenspiel" class="mw-redirect" title="Zwischenspiel">Zwischenspiel</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Spain" title="Template:Music of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Music of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Music of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolero_(Spanish_dance)" title="Bolero (Spanish dance)">Bolero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_rumba" title="Catalan rumba">Catalan rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirigota" title="Chirigota">Chirigota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copla_(music)" title="Copla (music)">Copla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupl%C3%A9" title="Cuplé">Cuplé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endecha" title="Endecha">Endecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensalada_(music)" title="Ensalada (music)">Ensalada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango" title="Fandango">Fandango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folia" title="Folia">Folia</a></li> <li>Isa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1cara" title="Jácara">Jácara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mui%C3%B1eira" title="Muiñeira">Muiñeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_flamenco" title="New flamenco">New flamenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Can%C3%A7%C3%B3" title="Nova Cançó">Nova Cançó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">Pasacalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">Pasodoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_catal%C3%A0" title="Rock català">Rock català</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_urbano" title="Rock urbano">Rock urbano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seguidilla" title="Seguidilla">Seguidilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevillanas" title="Sevillanas">Sevillana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajaraste" title="Tajaraste">Tajaraste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiento" title="Tiento">Tiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonadilla" title="Tonadilla">Tonadilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tono_humano" title="Tono humano">Tono humano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico">Villancico</a></li> <li>Xiringüelu</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zarzuela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nero_chico" title="Género chico">Género chico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music" title="Romani music">Romani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Palo_(flamenco)" title="Palo (flamenco)">palos</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alegr%C3%ADas" title="Alegrías">Alegrías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albore%C3%A1" title="Alboreá">Alboreá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambera" title="Bambera">Bambera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buler%C3%ADas" title="Bulerías">Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cante_flamenco" title="Cante flamenco">Cante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cante_jondo" title="Cante jondo">Cante jondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantes_a_palo_seco" title="Cantes a palo seco">Cantes a palo seco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantes_libres" title="Cantes libres">Cantes libres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canti%C3%B1as" title="Cantiñas">Cantiñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanilleros" title="Campanilleros">Campanilleros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartageneras" title="Cartageneras">Cartageneras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farruca" title="Farruca">Farruca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrot%C3%ADn" title="Garrotín">Garrotín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grana%C3%ADna" title="Granaína">Granaína</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajiras_(Flamenco)" title="Guajiras (Flamenco)">Guajiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malague%C3%B1as_(flamenco_style)" title="Malagueñas (flamenco style)">Malagueñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinetes" title="Martinetes">Martinetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peteneras" title="Peteneras">Peteneras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_(flamenco_palo)" title="Polo (flamenco palo)">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba_flamenca" title="Rumba flamenca">Rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeta_(flamenco)" title="Saeta (flamenco)">Saeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siguiriyas" title="Siguiriyas">Siguiriyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1" title="Soleá">Soleá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1_por_Buler%C3%ADas" class="mw-redirect" title="Soleá por Bulerías">Soleá por Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_(flamenco)" title="Tango (flamenco)">Tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarantas" title="Tarantas">Tarantas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tientos_(Flamenco)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tientos (Flamenco)">Tientos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ton%C3%A1s" title="Tonás">Tonás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdiales" title="Verdiales">Verdiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambra" title="Zambra">Zambra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music#Spain" title="Romani music">Romani (Gypsy)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_(c.1845),_Martin_Style_3-17_(1859)_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg/100px-C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg/150px-C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg/200px-C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Andalusia" title="Music of Andalusia">Andalusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Aragon" title="Music of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Balearic_Islands" title="Music of the Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_music" title="Basque music">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Music of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Castile_and_Leon" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Castile and Leon">Castile and Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Catalonia" title="Music of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Extremadura" title="Music of Extremadura">Extremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Galicia,_Cantabria_and_Asturias" title="Traditional music of Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias">Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Murcia" title="Music of Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Navarre_and_La_Rioja" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Navarre and La Rioja">Navarre and La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Valencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Valencia">Valencia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music by genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish folk music">Spanish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish hip hop">Spanish hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_opera" title="Spanish opera">Spanish opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish rock">Spanish rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benidorm_International_Song_Festival" title="Benidorm International Song Festival">Benidorm International Song Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benidorm_Fest" title="Benidorm Fest">Benidorm Fest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Internacional_de_Santander" title="Festival Internacional de Santander">Festival Internacional de Santander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_OTI_Festival" title="Spain in the OTI Festival">OTI Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboka" title="Alboka">Alboka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandurria" title="Bandurria">Bandurria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castanets" title="Castanets">Castanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_shawm" title="Catalan shawm">Catalan shawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A1caras" title="Chácaras">Chácaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-strung_harp" title="Cross-strung harp">Cross-strung harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulzaina" title="Dulzaina">Dulzaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscorn" title="Fiscorn">Fiscorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabiol" title="Flabiol">Flabiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_gastore%C3%B1a" title="Gaita gastoreña">Gaita gastoreña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gralla_(instrument)" title="Gralla (instrument)">Gralla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarra_de_canya" title="Guitarra de canya">Guitarra de canya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarro_(instrument)" title="Guitarro (instrument)">Guitarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirikoketa" title="Kirikoketa">Kirikoketa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmas_(music)" title="Palmas (music)">Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalterium_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalterium (instrument)">Psalterium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabel_(instrument)" title="Rabel (instrument)">Rabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambori" title="Tambori">Tambori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timple" title="Timple">Timple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trikiti" title="Trikiti">Trikiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Txalaparta" title="Txalaparta">Txalaparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Txistu" title="Txistu">Txistu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vihuela" title="Vihuela">Vihuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viol" title="Viol">Viol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xirula" title="Xirula">Xirula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friction_drum" title="Friction drum">Zambomba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bagpipes#Spain_and_Portugal" title="List of bagpipes">Gaita</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_asturiana" title="Gaita asturiana">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_de_boto" title="Gaita de boto">de boto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_cabreiresa" title="Gaita cabreiresa">Cabreiresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_gaita" title="Galician gaita">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odrecillo" title="Odrecillo">Odrecillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_de_saco" title="Gaita de saco">de saco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_sanabresa" title="Gaita sanabresa">Sanabresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sac_de_gemecs" title="Sac de gemecs">Sac de gemecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeremia" title="Xeremia">Xeremia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guitar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_guitar" title="Baroque guitar">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_guitar" title="Classical guitar">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_guitar" title="Flamenco guitar">Flamenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarra_latina" title="Guitarra latina">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarra_morisca" title="Guitarra morisca">Morisca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music ensembles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobla" title="Cobla">Cobla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charanga_(Spain)" title="Charanga (Spain)">Charanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirigota" title="Chirigota">Chirigota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparsa" title="Comparsa">Comparsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondalla" title="Rondalla">Rondalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_(music)" title="Tuna (music)">Tuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cultural_domain_of_the_Community_of_Madrid" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Madrid_Community" title="Template:Culture of Madrid Community"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Madrid_Community" title="Template talk:Culture of Madrid Community"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Madrid_Community" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Madrid Community"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cultural_domain_of_the_Community_of_Madrid" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Cultural domain</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Iberia" title="Prehistoric Iberia">Prehistoric Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">Beaker culture</a> of Ciempozuelos</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Roman Hispania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Hispania Tarraconensis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Castile_(Spain)" title="New Castile (Spain)">New Castile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> (Madrid as capital of the empire)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous community</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Community of Madrid"><img alt="Flag of the Community of Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/111px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="111" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/167px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/222px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the Community of Madrid</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_Spanish" title="Castilian Spanish">Castilian Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A1sica_a_los_Puertos_de_Guadarrama" title="Clásica a los Puertos de Guadarrama">Ports of Guadarrama classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Alpine_Marathon" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid Alpine Marathon">Madrid Alpine Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trofeo_Santiago_Bernab%C3%A9u" title="Trofeo Santiago Bernabéu">Trofeo Santiago Bernabéu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Premio_de_Madrid" title="Gran Premio de Madrid">Gran Premio de Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Open_(tennis)" title="Madrid Open (tennis)">Madrid Open (tennis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Masters_(golf)" title="Madrid Masters (golf)">Madrid Masters (golf)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Real_Madrid" title="Ciudad Real Madrid">Ciudad Real Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_CF" title="Real Madrid CF">Real Madrid CF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%A9tico_Madrid" title="Atlético Madrid">Atlético Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_Baloncesto" title="Real Madrid Baloncesto">Real Madrid Baloncesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CB_Estudiantes" title="CB Estudiantes">CB Estudiantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRC_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="CRC Madrid">CRC Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%A9tico_de_Madrid_(Superleague_Formula_team)" title="Atlético de Madrid (Superleague Formula team)">Atlético de Madrid (Superleague Formula team)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivas_Osos" title="Rivas Osos">Rivas Osos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter_FS" title="Inter FS">Inter FS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="Cuisine of the Community of Madrid">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churro" title="Churro">Churro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocido_madrile%C3%B1o" title="Cocido madrileño">Cocido madrileño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_omelette" title="Spanish omelette">Spanish omelette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas" title="Tapas">Bocadillo de calamares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas" title="Tapas">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squid (food)">Calamares a la romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitterlings#Spain" title="Chitterlings">Gallinejas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patatas_bravas" title="Patatas bravas">Patatas bravas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig%27s_ear_(food)" title="Pig's ear (food)">Oreja a la plancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migas" title="Migas">Migas a la madrileña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">Rosquillas tontas y listas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snail" title="Snail">Caracoles a la madrileña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_cake" title="King cake">Roscón de Reyes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Agua, azucarillos y aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinos_de_Madrid" title="Vinos de Madrid">Wines of Madrid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Music of Castile and León">Traditional music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandurria" title="Bandurria">Bandurria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">Bolero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Castilian Jota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schottische" title="Schottische">Chotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango" title="Fandango">Fandango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nero_chico" title="Género chico">Género chico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seguidilla" title="Seguidilla">Seguidilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico">Villancico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9-y%C3%A9" title="Yé-yé">Yé-yé</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zarzuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Madrid_(Spain)" title="Art Madrid (Spain)">Art Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade_of_Magi" title="Cavalcade of Magi">Cavalcade of Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festimad" title="Festimad">Festimad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Spain" title="Holy Week in Spain">Holy Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Motor_Show" title="Madrid Motor Show">Madrid Motor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Movida_Madrile%C3%B1a" title="La Movida Madrileña">La Movida Madrileña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Fiber" title="Saturday Night Fiber">Saturday Night Fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summercase" title="Summercase">Summercase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_de_fuego" title="Toro de fuego">Toro de fuego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="Category:Culture of the Community of Madrid">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148163#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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tooltip-dotted" title="zarzuela"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph692629&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="zarzuely"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph692630&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534264905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_genres_in_the_Hispanosphere" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_in_Spanish" title="Template:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_in_Spanish" title="Template talk:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_in_Spanish" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_genres_in_the_Hispanosphere" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Music genres in the <a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Hispanosphere</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambuco" title="Bambuco">Bambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnavalito" title="Carnavalito">Carnavalito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablada" title="Diablada">Diablada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayno" title="Huayno">Huayno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morenada" title="Morenada">Morenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saya_(art_form)" title="Saya (art form)">Saya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinku" title="Tinku">Tinku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spaniard folk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_rumba" title="Catalan rumba">Catalan rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copla_(music)" title="Copla (music)">Copla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango" title="Fandango">Fandango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albore%C3%A1" title="Alboreá">Alboreá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buler%C3%ADas" title="Bulerías">Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canti%C3%B1as" title="Cantiñas">Cantiñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba_flamenca" title="Rumba flamenca">Rumba flamenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeta_(flamenco)" title="Saeta (flamenco)">Saeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1" title="Soleá">Soleá</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folia" title="Folia">Folia</a></li> <li>Isa (from <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malague%C3%B1a_(genre)" title="Malagueña (genre)">Malagueña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">Pasodoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajaraste" title="Tajaraste">Tajaraste</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zarzuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urbano_music" title="Urbano music">Latin urban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_house" title="Latin house">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Reggae en Español">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_R%26B" title="Latin R&B">R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_trap" title="Latin trap">Trap</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Reggaeton" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_reggaeton" title="Alternative reggaeton">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachat%C3%B3n" title="Bachatón">Bachatón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahton" title="Moombahton">Moombahton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoperreo" title="Neoperreo">Neoperreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_reggaet%C3%B3n" title="Panamanian reggaetón">Panamanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litoraleña</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarrita" title="Chamarrita">Chamarrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarania_(music)" title="Guarania (music)">Guarania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_polka" title="Paraguayan polka">Paraguayan polka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamam%C3%A9" title="Chamamé">Chamamé</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_criolla" title="Música criolla">Peruvian coastal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festejo" title="Festejo">Festejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land%C3%B3_(music)" title="Landó (music)">Landó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_de_los_Diablos" title="Son de los Diablos">Son de los Diablos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_Mata" title="Toro Mata">Toro Mata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondero" title="Tondero">Tondero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_criollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals criollo">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin pop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_ballad" title="Latin ballad">Ballad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_canci%C3%B3n" title="Nueva canción">Nueva canción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_trova" title="Nueva trova">Nueva trova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_styles_of_Mexican_music" title="Regional styles of Mexican music">Regional<br />Mexican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corridos_tumbados" title="Corridos tumbados">Corridos tumbados</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjunto" title="Conjunto">Conjunto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">Norteño</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nortec" title="Nortec">Nortec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupera" title="Grupera">Grupera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duranguense" title="Duranguense">Duranguense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_music" title="Banda music">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">Mariachi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarabe" title="Jarabe">Jarabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchera" title="Ranchera">Ranchera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trival" class="mw-redirect" title="Trival">Trival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Cone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_cebolla" title="Música cebolla">Música cebolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murga" title="Murga">Murga</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tango" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">Tango</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_tango" title="Argentine tango">Argentine tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals (music)">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotango" title="Neotango">Neotango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_tango" title="Nuevo tango">Nuevo tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_tango" title="Uruguayan tango">Uruguayan tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandoneon" title="Bandoneon">Bandoneon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orquesta_t%C3%ADpica" title="Orquesta típica">Orquesta típica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_en_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Rock en español">Rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alternative" title="Latin alternative">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_metal" title="Latin metal">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_ola" title="Nueva ola">Nueva ola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock music in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional folk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera">Chacarera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_zuliana" title="Gaita zuliana">Gaita zuliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gato_(artform)" title="Gato (artform)">Gato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joropo" title="Joropo">Joropo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_mexicano" title="Son mexicano">Mexican Son</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">huasteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jalisciense" title="Son jalisciense">jalisciense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">jarocho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonada" title="Tonada">Tonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamba_(artform)" title="Zamba (artform)">Zamba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">Bachata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">Bolero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-ch%C3%A1_(music)" title="Cha-cha-chá (music)">Cha-cha-cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champeta" title="Champeta">Champeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%C3%BC%C3%AD" title="Changüí">Changüí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charanga_(Cuba)" title="Charanga (Cuba)">Charanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conga_(music)" title="Conga (music)">Conga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarteto" title="Cuarteto">Cuarteto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danz%C3%B3n" title="Danzón">Danzón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajira_(music)" title="Guajira (music)">Guajira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaracha" title="Guaracha">Guaracha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">Mambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">Merengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ringue" title="Méringue">Méringue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachanga" title="Pachanga">Pachanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rumba" title="Cuban rumba">Rumba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guaguanc%C3%B3" title="Guaguancó">Guaguancó</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_dura" title="Salsa dura">dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_rom%C3%A1ntica" title="Salsa romántica">romántica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_cubano" title="Son cubano">Son cubano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_montuno" title="Son montuno">montuno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timba" title="Timba">Timba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trova" title="Trova">Trova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charanga-vallenata" title="Charanga-vallenata">Charanga-vallenata</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cumbia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cumbia" title="Argentine cumbia">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullerengue" title="Bullerengue">Bullerengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Colombia)" title="Cumbia (Colombia)">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cumbia" title="Mexican cumbia">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Chilean_cumbia" title="New Chilean cumbia">New Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Panama)" title="Cumbia (Panama)">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cumbia" title="Peruvian cumbia">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porro" title="Porro">Porro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_rap" title="Cumbia rap">Rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecnocumbia" title="Tecnocumbia">Tecnocumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_villera" title="Cumbia villera">Villera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachaca_(musical_genre)" title="Cachaca (musical genre)">Cachaca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afro-Latin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Bomba (Puerto Rico)">Bomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Ecuador)" title="Bomba (Ecuador)">Bomba del Chota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapal%C3%A9" title="Mapalé">Mapalé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_(dance)" title="Tambor (dance)">Tambor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguinaldo_(music)" title="Aguinaldo (music)">Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canci%C3%B3n_mel%C3%B3dica" title="Canción melódica">Canción melódica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Christian_music" title="Latin Christian music">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criolla" title="Criolla">Criolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danza" title="Danza">Danza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cima" title="Décima">Décima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">Pasacalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasillo" title="Pasillo">Pasillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plena" title="Plena">Plena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preg%C3%B3n" title="Pregón">Pregón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punto_guajiro" title="Punto guajiro">Punto guajiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seis" title="Seis">Seis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_opera" title="Spanish opera">Spanish opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico">Villancico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_music_subgenres" title="List of Latin music subgenres">subgenres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines#Hispanic-influenced_music" title="Music of the Philippines">Hispanic-influenced music in the 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