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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Argentine roots of tango</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentine_roots_of_tango-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1920s_and_1930s,_Carlos_Gardel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1920s_and_1930s,_Carlos_Gardel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>1920s and 1930s, Carlos Gardel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1920s_and_1930s,_Carlos_Gardel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golden_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golden_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Golden Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golden_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tango_nuevo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tango_nuevo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tango nuevo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tango_nuevo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s–2000s_tango" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s–2000s_tango"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>1990s–2000s tango</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s–2000s_tango-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neotango" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neotango"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Neotango</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neotango-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_impact_and_classical_interpreters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_impact_and_classical_interpreters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Musical impact and classical interpreters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_impact_and_classical_interpreters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tango music</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1ngo" title="Tángo – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tángo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_(Musikrichtung)" title="Tango (Musikrichtung) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tango (Musikrichtung)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango#Melodía" title="Tango – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tango" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango" title="Tango – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tango" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88" title="موسیقی تانگو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موسیقی تانگو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_(musique)" title="Tango (musique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tango (musique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%B1%EA%B3%A0_%EC%9D%8C%EC%95%85" title="탱고 음악 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탱고 음악" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_(Musek)" title="Tango (Musek) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tango (Musek)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_muzika" title="Tango muzika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tango muzika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Танго музика – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Танго музика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_(muziek)" title="Tango (muziek) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tango (muziek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_(muzyka)" title="Tango (muzyka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tango (muzyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_de_tango" title="Música de tango – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Música de tango" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Танго (музыка) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Танго (музыка)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_(glasba)" title="Tango (glasba) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tango (glasba)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%86" title="تانگۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تانگۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangomusik" title="Tangomusik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tangomusik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_(%C3%A2m_nh%E1%BA%A1c)" title="Tango (âm nhạc) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tango (âm nhạc)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A2%E6%88%88%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="探戈音樂 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="探戈音樂" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Style of music originating in South America</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tango_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tango (disambiguation)">Tango (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Tango</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandoneon-curved.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Bandoneon-curved.jpg/240px-Bandoneon-curved.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Bandoneon-curved.jpg/360px-Bandoneon-curved.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Bandoneon-curved.jpg/480px-Bandoneon-curved.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1132" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Bandoneon" title="Bandoneon">bandoneon</a>, an accordion-like instrument closely associated with tango</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">contradanza</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">flamenco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mazurka" title="Mazurka">mazurka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Contradanse" class="mw-redirect" title="Contradanse">contradanse</a></li><li>other <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_folk_music_traditions" title="List of European folk music traditions">European music</a> styles</li><li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">candombe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_waltz" title="Peruvian waltz">Peruvian waltz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">milonga</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neotango" title="Neotango">Neotango</a></li><li>tango-<a href="/wiki/Canci%C3%B3n" title="Canción">canción</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist">Tango-rock</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Regional scenes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan#Traditional_pop_music" title="Music of Japan">Dodompa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">tango Rapanui</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tango_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tango (dance)">Tango (dance)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maxixe_(dance)" title="Maxixe (dance)">maxixe (dance)</a></li><li>list of record labels</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ArgentinianTangoRhythm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/ArgentinianTangoRhythm.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="182" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>Typical tango <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a><sup id="cite_ref-Blatter_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blatter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tango</b> is a style of music in <a href="/wiki/Time_signature" title="Time signature"><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> or <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span></a> time that originated among European and African immigrant populations of <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> (collectively, the "<a href="/wiki/Rioplatense_Spanish" title="Rioplatense Spanish">Rioplatenses</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is traditionally played on a solo guitar, guitar duo, or an ensemble, known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Orquesta_t%C3%ADpica" title="Orquesta típica">orquesta típica</a></i>, which includes at least two <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a>, and at least two <a href="/wiki/Bandone%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandoneón">bandoneóns</a>. Sometimes guitars and a clarinet join the ensemble. Tango may be purely instrumental or may include a vocalist. Tango music and <a href="/wiki/Tango_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tango (dance)">dance</a> have become popular throughout the world. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tango_music&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-bandonion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Early-bandonion.jpg/250px-Early-bandonion.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Early-bandonion.jpg/375px-Early-bandonion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Early-bandonion.jpg/500px-Early-bandonion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>Early bandoneón, constructed ca. 1905</figcaption></figure> <p>Even though present forms of tango developed in Argentina and Uruguay from the mid-19th century, there are records of 19th and early 20th-century tango styles in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and Spain,<sup id="cite_ref-OrtizOrigen_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OrtizOrigen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while there is a flamenco <a href="/wiki/Tango_(flamenco)" title="Tango (flamenco)">tango</a> dance that may share a common ancestor in a minuet-style European dance.<sup id="cite_ref-DennistonCouple_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DennistonCouple-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All sources stress the influence of African communities and their rhythms, while the instruments and techniques brought in by European immigrants in the 20th century played a major role in the style's final definition, relating it to the <a href="/wiki/Salon_music" title="Salon music">salon music</a> styles to which tango would contribute back at a later stage. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Villoldo" title="Ángel Villoldo">Ángel Villoldo</a>'s 1903 tango "<a href="/wiki/El_Choclo" title="El Choclo">El Choclo</a>" was first recorded no later than 1906 in Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-DAHR-b3624_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAHR-b3624-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Villoldo himself recorded it in Paris (possibly in April 1908, with the Orchestre Tzigane du Restaurant du Rat Mort),<sup id="cite_ref-Tcommuter_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tcommuter-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as there were no recording studios in Argentina at the time. </p><p>Early tango was played by European immigrants in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first generation of tango players from Buenos Aires was called "Guardia Vieja" (the Old Guard). It took time to move into wider circles; in the early 20th century, it was the favorite music of thugs and <a href="/wiki/Gangsters" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangsters">gangsters</a> who visited <a href="/wiki/Brothels" class="mw-redirect" title="Brothels">brothels</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a city with 100,000 more men than women (in 1914). The complex dances that arose from such rich music reflect how the men would practice the dance in groups, demonstrating male sexuality and causing a blending of emotion and aggressiveness. The music was played on portable instruments: <a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a> trios, with <a href="/wiki/Bandone%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandoneón">bandoneón</a> arriving at the end of the 19th century. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organito (page does not exist)">organito</a>, a portable player-organ, broadened the popularity of certain songs. <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Arolas" title="Eduardo Arolas">Eduardo Arolas</a> was the major driver of the bandoneón's popularization, with <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Greco" title="Vicente Greco">Vicente Greco</a> soon standardizing the tango sextet as consisting of <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Violins" class="mw-redirect" title="Violins">violins</a>, and two bandoneóns. </p><p>Like many forms of popular music, tango was associated with the underclass, and attempts were made to restrict its influence<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2014)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup>. In spite of the scorn, some, like writer <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_G%C3%BCiraldes" title="Ricardo Güiraldes">Ricardo Güiraldes</a>, were fans. Güiraldes played a part in the international popularization of tango, which had conquered the world by the end of World War I; he wrote the poem "Tango", which describes the music as the "all-absorbing love of a tyrant, jealously guarding his dominion, over women who have surrendered submissively, like obedient beasts".<sup id="cite_ref-DennistonCouple_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DennistonCouple-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One song that would become the most widely known of all tango melodies<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also dates from this time. The first two sections of "<a href="/wiki/La_Cumparsita" class="mw-redirect" title="La Cumparsita">La Cumparsita</a>" were composed as an instrumental march in 1916 by teenaged <a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Matos_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Gerardo Matos Rodríguez">Gerardo Matos Rodríguez</a> of Uruguay.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Argentine_roots_of_tango">Argentine roots of tango</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tango_music&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Argentine roots of tango"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabino_ezeiza_retrato_agn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Gabino_ezeiza_retrato_agn.jpg/220px-Gabino_ezeiza_retrato_agn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Gabino_ezeiza_retrato_agn.jpg/330px-Gabino_ezeiza_retrato_agn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Gabino_ezeiza_retrato_agn.jpg/440px-Gabino_ezeiza_retrato_agn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1147" data-file-height="1657" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gabino_Ezeiza" title="Gabino Ezeiza">Gabino Ezeiza</a> (1858–1916), pioneer of Argentine tango</figcaption></figure> <p>Besides the global influences mentioned above, early tango was locally influenced by <a href="/wiki/Payada" title="Payada">Payada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a> from Argentine and Uruguay <a href="/wiki/Pampas" title="Pampas">pampas</a>, and Uruguayan <a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">candombe</a>. In Argentina there was Milonga "from the country" since the mid eighteenth century. The first "payador" remembered is <a href="/wiki/Santos_Vega" title="Santos Vega">Santos Vega</a>. The origins of Milonga seem to be in the pampa with strong African influences, especially though the local candombe (which would be related to its contemporary candombe in Buenos Aires and Montevideo). It is believed that this candombe existed and was practised in Argentina since the first slaves were brought into the country.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the word "tango" to describe a music/dance style had been printed as early as 1823 in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, Cuba, the first Argentine written reference is from an 1866 newspaper that quotes the song "La Coqueta" (an <a href="/wiki/Argentine_tango" title="Argentine tango">Argentine tango</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1876, a tango-candombe called "El Merenguengué"<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> became very popular, after its success in the Afro-Argentines' carnival held in February of that year. It is played with harp, violin, and flute, in addition to the Afro-Argentine candombe drums ("Llamador" and "Repicador"). This has been seriously considered one of the strong points of departure for the birth and development of tango.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first tango "group" was composed of two <a href="/wiki/Afro-Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Argentine">Afro-Argentines</a>: "the black" <a href="/wiki/Casimiro_Alcorta" title="Casimiro Alcorta">Casimiro Alcorta</a> (violin) and "the mulatto" Sinforoso (clarinet).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They played small concerts in Buenos Aires from the early 1870s until the early 1890s. Alcorta is the author of "Entrada Prohibida" (Prohibited Entry),<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sung by the brothers Teisseire. He is also credited with the tango "Concha sucia", which was later adapted and sung by F. Canaro as "Cara sucia" (Dirty Face).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the 1900s, the following tangos were being played: "El queco" (anonymous, attributed to clarinetist Lino Galeano in 1885);<sup id="cite_ref-Scholz2008_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholz2008-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Señora casera" (anonymous, 1880); "Andate a la recoleta" (anonymous, 1880);<sup id="cite_ref-Scholz2008_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholz2008-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "El Porteñito" (by the Spaniard Gabriel Diez in 1880);<sup id="cite_ref-Scholz2008_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholz2008-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Tango Nº1" (Jose Machado, 1883); "Dame la lata" (Juan Perez, 1888);<sup id="cite_ref-Scholz2008_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholz2008-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Que polvo con tanto viento" (anonymous, 1890);<sup id="cite_ref-Scholz2008_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholz2008-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "No me tires con la tapa de la olla" (A.A. 1893); and "El Talar" (Prudencio Aragon, 1895).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first women to write tango scores was <a href="/wiki/Elo%C3%ADsa_D%27Herbil" title="Eloísa D'Herbil">Eloísa D'Herbil</a>. She wrote such pieces as "Y a mí qué" (What Do I Care), "Che no calotiés!" (Hey, No Stealing!), and others, between 1872 and 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first recorded musical score is "La Canguela" (1889). The first copyrighted tango score is "El entrerriano", released in 1896 and printed in 1898 by <a href="/wiki/Rosendo_Mendizabal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosendo Mendizabal">Rosendo Mendizabal</a>, an Afro-Argentine. As for the transition between the old "Tango criollo" (Milonga from the pampas, evolved with touches of Afro-Argentine candombe, and some <a href="/wiki/Habanera_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Habanera (music)">Habanera</a>), and the tango of the Old Guard, there are the following songs: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Villoldo" title="Ángel Villoldo">Ángel Villoldo</a> - "<a href="/wiki/El_choclo" class="mw-redirect" title="El choclo">El choclo</a>", 1903; "El Pimpolla", 1904; "La Vida del Carretero", 1905; and "El Negro Alegre", 1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabino_Ezeiza" title="Gabino Ezeiza">Gabino Ezeiza</a> - "El Tango Patagones", 1905</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higinio_Caz%C3%B3n" title="Higinio Cazón">Higinio Cazón</a> - "El Taita", 1905</li></ul> <p>Moreover, the first tango recorded by an orchestra was "Don Juan", whose author is Ernesto Ponzio. It was recorded by the orchestra of Vicente Greco.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1920s_and_1930s,_Carlos_Gardel"><span id="1920s_and_1930s.2C_Carlos_Gardel"></span>1920s and 1930s, Carlos Gardel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tango_music&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1920s and 1930s, Carlos Gardel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tango soon gained popularity in Europe, beginning in France. Superstar <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Gardel" title="Carlos Gardel">Carlos Gardel</a> soon became a <a href="/wiki/Sex_symbol" title="Sex symbol">sex symbol</a> who brought tango to new audiences, especially in the United States, due to his sensual depictions of the dance in film. In the 1920s, tango moved out of the lower-class brothels and became a more respectable form of music and dance. Bandleaders like <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Firpo" title="Roberto Firpo">Roberto Firpo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Canaro" title="Francisco Canaro">Francisco Canaro</a> dropped the flute and added a <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a> in its place. Lyrics were still typically macho, blaming women for countless heartaches, and the dance moves were still sexual and aggressive.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Gardel" title="Carlos Gardel">Carlos Gardel</a> became especially associated with the transition from a lower-class "gangster" music to a respectable middle-class dance. He helped develop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tango-canci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tango-canción (page does not exist)">tango-canción</a> in the 1920s and became one of the most popular tango artists of all time. He was also one of the precursors of the "Golden Age of Tango". </p><p>Gardel's death was followed by a division into movements within tango. Evolutionists like <a href="/wiki/An%C3%ADbal_Troilo" title="Aníbal Troilo">Aníbal Troilo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlos_di_Sarli" title="Carlos di Sarli">Carlos di Sarli</a> were opposed to traditionalists like <a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Biagi" title="Rodolfo Biagi">Rodolfo Biagi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juan_d%27Arienzo" title="Juan d'Arienzo">Juan d'Arienzo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Golden_Age">Golden Age</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tango_music&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Golden Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "Golden Age" of tango music and dance is generally agreed to have been the period from about 1935 to 1952,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> roughly contemporaneous with the <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> era in the United States. Tango was performed by <a href="/wiki/Orquesta_t%C3%ADpica" title="Orquesta típica">orquestas típicas</a>, bands often including over a dozen performers. </p><p>Some of the many popular and influential orchestras included those of <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Mores" title="Mariano Mores">Mariano Mores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_d%27Arienzo" title="Juan d'Arienzo">Juan d'Arienzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Canaro" title="Francisco Canaro">Francisco Canaro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/An%C3%ADbal_Troilo" title="Aníbal Troilo">Aníbal Troilo</a>. D'Arienzo was called the "Rey del compás" or "King of the beat", for the insistent, driving rhythm which can be heard on many of his recordings. "El flete" is an excellent example of D'Arienzo's approach. Canaro's early milongas are generally the slowest and easiest to dance to; and for that reason, they are the most frequently played at tango dances (<a href="/wiki/Milonga_(dance_event)" title="Milonga (dance event)">milongas</a>); "Milonga Sentimental" is a classic example. </p><p>Beginning in the Golden Age and continuing afterwards, the orchestras of <a href="/wiki/Osvaldo_Pugliese" title="Osvaldo Pugliese">Osvaldo Pugliese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlos_di_Sarli" title="Carlos di Sarli">Carlos di Sarli</a> made many recordings. Di Sarli had a lush, grandiose sound, and emphasized strings and piano over the bandoneón, which is heard in "A la gran muñeca" and "<a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%ADa_Blanca" title="Bahía Blanca">Bahía Blanca</a>" (the name of his home town). </p><p>Pugliese's first recordings were not too different from those of other dance orchestras, but he developed a complex, rich, and sometimes discordant sound, which is heard in his signature pieces "Gallo ciego", "Emancipación", and "La yumba". Pugliese's later music was played for an audience and not intended for dancing, although it is often used for stage choreography for its dramatic potential, and sometimes played late at night at milongas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Eventually, tango transcended its Latin boundaries as European bands adopted it into their dance repertoires.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Non-traditional instruments were often added, such as the accordion (in place of the bandoneon), saxophone, clarinet, ukulele, mandolin, electric organ, etc., as well as lyrics in non-Spanish languages. European tango became a mainstream worldwide dance and popular music style, alongside foxtrot, slow waltz, and rumba. It somewhat diverged from its Argentinian origin and developed characteristic European styles. Famous European band leaders who adopted tango included, to name a few, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Dobrindt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Dobrindt (page does not exist)">Otto Dobrindt</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Dobrindt" class="extiw" title="de:Otto Dobrindt">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Marek_Weber" title="Marek Weber">Marek Weber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Joost" title="Oskar Joost">Oskar Joost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barnabas_von_Geczy" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnabas von Geczy">Barnabas von Geczy</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnabas_von_Geczy" class="extiw" title="de:Barnabas von Geczy">de</a>]</span>, Jose Lucchesi, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Widmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt Widmann">Kurt Widmann</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Widmann_(Musiker)" class="extiw" title="de:Kurt Widmann (Musiker)">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adalbert_Lutter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adalbert Lutter (page does not exist)">Adalbert Lutter</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalbert_Lutter" class="extiw" title="de:Adalbert Lutter">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Godwin" title="Paul Godwin">Paul Godwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Tsfasman" title="Alexander Tsfasman">Alexander Tsfasman</a>, as well as famous singers <a href="/wiki/Leo_Monosson" title="Leo Monosson">Leo Monosson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zarah_Leander" title="Zarah Leander">Zarah Leander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudi_Schuricke" title="Rudi Schuricke">Rudi Schuricke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tino_Rossi" title="Tino Rossi">Tino Rossi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janus_Poplawski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janus Poplawski (page does not exist)">Janus Poplawski</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janusz_Pop%C5%82awski_(muzyk)" class="extiw" title="pl:Janusz Popławski (muzyk)">pl</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Fogg" title="Mieczysław Fogg">Mieczysław Fogg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Leshchenko" title="Pyotr Leshchenko">Pyotr Leshchenko</a>, and others. The popularity of European tango precipitously declined with the advent of rock-n-roll in the 1950s–60s.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tango_nuevo">Tango nuevo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tango_music&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tango nuevo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The later age of tango has been dominated by <a href="/wiki/%C3%81stor_Piazzolla" class="mw-redirect" title="Ástor Piazzolla">Ástor Piazzolla</a>, whose "<a href="/wiki/Adios_Nonino" class="mw-redirect" title="Adios Nonino">Adiós nonino</a>" became the most influential work of tango music since Carlos Gardel's "<a href="/wiki/El_d%C3%ADa_que_me_quieras_(song)" title="El día que me quieras (song)">El día que me quieras</a>" was released in 1935. During the 1950s, Piazzolla consciously tried to create a more academic form with new sounds breaking the classic forms of tango, drawing the derision of purists and old-time performers. The 1970s saw Buenos Aires developing a fusion of <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and tango. <a href="/wiki/Litto_Nebbia" title="Litto Nebbia">Litto Nebbia</a> and Siglo XX were especially popular within this movement. In the 1970s and 1980s, the vocal octet <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_8" title="Buenos Aires 8">Buenos Aires 8</a> recorded classic tangos in elaborate arrangements, with complex harmonies and jazz influence, and also recorded an album with compositions by Piazzolla. </p><p>The so-called post-Piazzolla generation (1980–) includes musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Dino_Saluzzi" title="Dino Saluzzi">Dino Saluzzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Mederos" title="Rodolfo Mederos">Rodolfo Mederos</a>, Gustavo Beytelmann, and Juan Jose Mosalini. Piazzolla and his followers developed <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_tango" title="Nuevo tango">nuevo tango</a>, a musical genre that incorporated jazz and classical influences into a more experimental style. </p><p>In the late 1990s, composer and pianist <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Otero" title="Fernando Otero">Fernando Otero</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> continued to add elements to the innovation process which had started decades ago, expanding the orchestration and form while including improvisation and atonal aspects in his work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1990s–2000s_tango"><span id="1990s.E2.80.932000s_tango"></span>1990s–2000s tango</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tango_music&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1990s–2000s tango"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the second half of the 1990s, a new movement of tango composers and tango orchestras playing new songs was born in Buenos Aires. It was mainly influenced by the old orchestra style rather than by Piazzolla’s renewal and experiments with electronic music. </p><p>Over the first two decades of the 21st century, the movement has grown with the creation of countless bands playing new tangos. The most prominent figures leading this phenomenon have been the Orquesta Típica Fernandez Fierro, whose creator, Julian Peralta,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> would later start Astillero and the Orquesta Típica Julián Peralta. Other bands have also become part of the movement, such as Orquesta Rascacielos, Altertango, Ciudad Baigón, as well as singer-songwriters Alfredo "Tape" Rubín,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victoria di Raimondo,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juan Serén,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Natalí de Vicenzo,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Pacha_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Pacha González">Pacha González</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neotango">Neotango</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tango_music&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Neotango"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tango development did not stop with <a href="/wiki/Tango_nuevo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tango nuevo">tango nuevo</a>. 21st-century tango is referred to as <a href="/wiki/Neotango" title="Neotango">neotango</a>. These recent trends can be described as "electro tango" or "tango fusion", where the electronic influences range from subtle to dominant. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tanghetto" title="Tanghetto">Tanghetto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Libedinsky" title="Carlos Libedinsky">Carlos Libedinsky</a> are good examples of the subtle use of electronic elements. The music still has its tango feeling, the complex rhythmic and melodious entanglement that makes tango so unique. <a href="/wiki/Gotan_Project" title="Gotan Project">Gotan Project</a> is a group that formed in 1999 in Paris, consisting of musicians Philippe Cohen Solal, <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Makaroff" title="Eduardo Makaroff">Eduardo Makaroff</a>, and Christoph H. Muller. Their releases include <i>Vuelvo al Sur/El capitalismo foráneo</i> (2000), <i><a href="/wiki/La_Revancha_del_Tango" title="La Revancha del Tango">La Revancha del Tango</a></i> (2001), <i><a href="/wiki/Inspiraci%C3%B3n_Espiraci%C3%B3n" title="Inspiración Espiración">Inspiración Espiración</a></i> (2004), and <i><a href="/wiki/Lun%C3%A1tico" title="Lunático">Lunático</a></i> (2006). Their sound features electronic elements like samples, beats, and sounds on top of a tango groove. Some dancers enjoy dancing to this music, although many traditional dancers regard it as a definite break in style and tradition. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bajofondo_Tango_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajofondo Tango Club">Bajofondo Tango Club</a> is another example of electro-tango. Further examples can be found on the <a href="/wiki/CD" class="mw-redirect" title="CD">CDs</a> <i>Tango?</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_Tango" title="Hybrid Tango">Hybrid Tango</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tangophobia_Vol._1" title="Tangophobia Vol. 1">Tangophobia Vol. 1</a></i>, <i>Tango Crash</i> (with a major <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> influence), <i>Latin Tango</i> by Rodrigo Favela (featuring classic and modern elements), <i>NuTango</i>, <i>Tango Fusion Club Vol. 1</i> by the creator of the milonga called "Tango Fusion Club" in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <i>Felino</i> by the Norwegian group <a href="/wiki/Electrocutango" title="Electrocutango">Electrocutango</a>, and <i>Electronic Tango</i>, a compilation CD. In 2004, the music label World Music Network released a collection under the title <i>The Rough Guide to Tango Nuevo</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_impact_and_classical_interpreters">Musical impact and classical interpreters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tango_music&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Musical impact and classical interpreters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although tango music was strictly circumscribed to the tango interpreters, it was the classically trained Argentinian pianist Arminda Canteros (1911–2002) who used to play tangos to satisfy the requests of her father, who could not understand <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a>. She developed her own style and had a weekly program of tango music for a radio station in <a href="/wiki/Rosario" title="Rosario">Rosario</a>, Argentina in the 1930s and 1940s. Since tango playing was considered the epitome of <a href="/wiki/Machismo" title="Machismo">machismo</a>, she had to take the masculine pseudonym "Juancho" for the broadcasts.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canteros settled in New York City in 1970, where in 1989, she recorded the album <i>Tangos</i>, at the age of 78.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Cantero’s example, another Argentinian female pianist brought tango music to the concert halls: <a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Pillado" title="Cecilia Pillado">Cecilia Pillado</a> played a complete tango recital at the <a href="/wiki/Berliner_Philharmonie" title="Berliner Philharmonie">Berliner Philharmonie</a> in 1997 and recorded that program for her CD <i>Cexilia’s Tangos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since then, tango has become part of the repertoire for great classical musicians like the baritone <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Chamin%C3%A9" title="Jorge Chaminé">Jorge Chaminé</a> with his <i>Tangos</i>, recorded with bandoneónist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivier_Manoury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olivier Manoury (page does not exist)">Olivier Manoury</a>. Additionally, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Tango&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Tango (page does not exist)">al Tango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha_Argerich" title="Martha Argerich">Martha Argerich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barenboim" title="Daniel Barenboim">Daniel Barenboim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gidon_Kremer" title="Gidon Kremer">Gidon Kremer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1cido_Domingo" title="Plácido Domingo">Plácido Domingo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_%C3%81lvarez" title="Marcelo Álvarez">Marcelo Álvarez</a> have performed and recorded tangos. </p><p>Some classical composers have written tangos, such as <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Alb%C3%A9niz" title="Isaac Albéniz">Isaac Albéniz</a> in <i>España</i> (1890), <a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Erik Satie</a> in <i>Le Tango perpétuel</i> (1914), and <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Histoire_du_Soldat" class="mw-redirect" title="Histoire du Soldat">Histoire du Soldat</a></i> (1918). Nikolai Myaskovsky composed an Argentinian death tango for the poem "War and Peace". <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Kurt Weill</a> continued this style in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a></i> (1928) (Die Dreigroschenoper), with "Tango Ballade", or "Zuhälterballade", a fateful song about underworld life (a symphonic version commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Otto_Klemperer" title="Otto Klemperer">Otto Klemperer</a>); a bit later, he composed "Youkali" (Tango-Habanera), with French lyrics. Also noteworthy was the accordionist <a href="/wiki/John_Serry_Sr." title="John Serry Sr.">John Serry Sr.</a>, who composed "Tango of Love" and "Petite Tango" for accordion quartet (1955).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The list of composers who wrote inspired by tango music also includes <a href="/wiki/John_Cage" title="John Cage">John Cage</a> in "Perpetual Tango" (1984), <a href="/wiki/John_Harbison" title="John Harbison">John Harbison</a> in "Tango Seen from Ground Level" (1991), and <a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a> in "It Takes Twelve to Tango" (1984). The influence of <a href="/wiki/Piazzolla" class="mw-redirect" title="Piazzolla">Piazzolla</a> has fallen on a number of contemporary composers. The "Tango Mortale" in <i>Arcadiana</i> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ad%C3%A8s" title="Thomas Adès">Thomas Adès</a> is an example. </p><p>Many popular songs in the United States have borrowed melodies from tango: the earliest published tango, "El Choclo", lent its melody to the fifties hit "<a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiss of Fire">Kiss of Fire</a>". Similarly, "Adiós Muchachos" became "<a href="/wiki/I_Get_Ideas" title="I Get Ideas">I Get Ideas</a>", and "Strange Sensation" was based on "<a href="/wiki/La_Cumparsita" class="mw-redirect" title="La Cumparsita">La Cumparsita</a>". </p><p>Showing tango music's continued popularity, multiple international radio stations broadcast nonstop tango music today.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tango_music&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/32px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/48px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/64px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Argentina" title="Portal:Argentina">Argentina portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/22px-Conga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/32px-Conga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/43px-Conga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="990" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_music" title="Portal:Latin music">Latin music portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/32px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/48px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/64px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Uruguay" title="Portal:Uruguay">Uruguay portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_tango" title="Finnish tango">Finnish tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tango" class="mw-redirect" title="History of tango">History of tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Award_for_Best_Tango_Album" title="Latin Grammy Award for Best Tango Album">Latin Grammy Award for Best Tango Album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina" title="Music of Argentina">Music of Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uruguay" title="Music of Uruguay">Music of Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_tango" title="Uruguayan tango">Uruguayan tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_Criollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals Criollo">Vals (dance)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tango_music&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Blatter-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blatter_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blatter, Alfred (2007). <i>Revisiting Music Theory: A Guide to the Practice</i> (New York: Routledge), p. 28. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97439-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97439-4">978-0-415-97439-4</a> (cloth); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97440-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97440-0">978-0-415-97440-0</a> (pbk).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTermine2009" class="citation news cs1">Termine, Laura (30 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140227234508/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hy8EQ1hEp3BVG-vnlwrClzXfpA7A">"Argentina, Uruguay bury hatchet to snatch tango honor"</a>. Buenos Aires. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hy8EQ1hEp3BVG-vnlwrClzXfpA7A">the original</a> on 27 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Argentina%2C+Uruguay+bury+hatchet+to+snatch+tango+honor&rft.date=2009-09-30&rft.aulast=Termine&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5hy8EQ1hEp3BVG-vnlwrClzXfpA7A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OrtizOrigen-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OrtizOrigen_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">José Luis Ortiz Nuevo <i>El origen del tango americano</i> Madrid and La Habana 1849</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DennistonCouple-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DennistonCouple_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DennistonCouple_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-of-tango.com/couple-dancing.html">Christine Denniston. <i>Couple Dancing and the Beginning of Tango</i> 2003</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DAHR-b3624-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DAHR-b3624_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://victor.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/matrix/detail/200005245/B-3624-El_choclo">"Victor matrix B-3624. El choclo / Victor Argentine Orchestra"</a>. <i>Discography of American Historical Recordings</i>. Univ. of Calif<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discography+of+American+Historical+Recordings&rft.atitle=Victor+matrix+B-3624.+El+choclo+%2F+Victor+Argentine+Orchestra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvictor.library.ucsb.edu%2Findex.php%2Fmatrix%2Fdetail%2F200005245%2FB-3624-El_choclo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tcommuter-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tcommuter_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTangocommuter2014" class="citation web cs1">Tangocommuter (28 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tangocommuter1.blogspot.com/2014/07/angel-villoldo-paris-and-early-tango.html">"Ángel Villoldo, Paris and early tango"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%81ngel+Villoldo%2C+Paris+and+early+tango&rft.date=2014-07-28&rft.au=Tangocommuter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftangocommuter1.blogspot.com%2F2014%2F07%2Fangel-villoldo-paris-and-early-tango.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norese, María Rosalía: <i>Contextualization and analysis of tango. Its origins to the emergence of the avant-garde</i>. University of Salamanca, 2002 (<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HRQQhaDqqwIC&pg=PA5">restricted online copy</a></i>, p. 5, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160924074607/http://www.investigandoeltango.com/eltangoesbuenosaires.htm">"Investigando el Tango – Tésis Doctoral – Dra. Marta Rosalía Norese"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.investigandoeltango.com/eltangoesbuenosaires.htm">the original</a> on 24 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Investigando+el+Tango+%E2%80%93+T%C3%A9sis+Doctoral+%E2%80%93+Dra.+Marta+Rosal%C3%ADa+Norese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investigandoeltango.com%2Feltangoesbuenosaires.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103034355/http://www.todotango.com/english/biblioteca/cronicas/cronica_tangorioplatense.asp">"Todotango.com – Todo sobre el tango argentino"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todotango.com/english/biblioteca/cronicas/cronica_tangorioplatense.asp">the original</a> on 3 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Todotango.com+%E2%80%93+Todo+sobre+el+tango+argentino&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todotango.com%2Fenglish%2Fbiblioteca%2Fcronicas%2Fcronica_tangorioplatense.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ellitoral.com/index.php/id_um/99627-el-tango-y-las-putas">Tango and whores</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLean2008" class="citation book cs1">McLean, Michael (May 2008). <i>Care to Tango?, Book 2</i>. Alfred Music. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7390-5100-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7390-5100-9"><bdi>978-0-7390-5100-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Care+to+Tango%3F%2C+Book+2&rft.pub=Alfred+Music&rft.date=2008-05&rft.isbn=978-0-7390-5100-9&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://totango.net/cumpar.html">ToTANGO. <i>LA CUMPARSITA – Tango's Most Famous Song</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051230132454/http://totango.net/cumpar.html">Archived</a> 30 December 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todotango.com/english/biblioteca/CRONICAS/la_cumparsita.asp">TodoTango. Ricardo García Blaya. <i>Tangos and Legends: La Cumparsita</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080310012032/http://www.todotango.com/english/biblioteca/CRONICAS/la_cumparsita.asp">Archived</a> 10 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310062053/http://www.revistaquilombo.com.ar/documentos/frigeriocandombeargentino.pdf">"Revista Quilombo – Noticias, columnas, articulos y opiniones"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistaquilombo.com.ar/documentos/frigeriocandombeargentino.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revista+Quilombo+%E2%80%93+Noticias%2C+columnas%2C+articulos+y+opiniones.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revistaquilombo.com.ar%2Fdocumentos%2Ffrigeriocandombeargentino.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hlmtango.com/notas/historia-del-tango/el-nacimiento-del-tango/">"Notas - Historia del Tango - El nacimiento del Tango - hlm!.Tango - Hágase la música - hagaselamusica.com"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notas+-+Historia+del+Tango+-+El+nacimiento+del+Tango+-+hlm%21.Tango+-+H%C3%A1gase+la+m%C3%BAsica+-+hagaselamusica.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hlmtango.com%2Fnotas%2Fhistoria-del-tango%2Fel-nacimiento-del-tango%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denorteasur.com/asp/articulo.asp?numero=241&id=766">Tango-candombe afroargentino "El Merenguengué".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321094524/http://www.denorteasur.com/asp/articulo.asp?numero=241&id=766">Archived</a> 21 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (November 2016)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jorge Gutman <s>op. cit.</s><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (November 2016)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://estatico.buenosaires.gov.ar/areas/cultura/museos/dg_museos/pdf/gardel/historianegra.pdf">Museum House of Carlos Gardel “The Black history of Tango”.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706083507/http://estatico.buenosaires.gov.ar/areas/cultura/museos/dg_museos/pdf/gardel/historianegra.pdf">Archived</a> 6 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFwww.RrinconDelTango.com" class="citation web cs1">www.RrinconDelTango.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034120/http://www.rincondeltango.com/ht/HTLosPrimitivosC.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Historia del tango-Los primitivos conjuntos" por Tesy Cariaga – Buenos Aires – Argentina.- .: Rincón del Tango :"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rincondeltango.com/ht/HTLosPrimitivosC.htm">the original</a> on 12 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Historia+del+tango-Los+primitivos+conjuntos%22+por+Tesy+Cariaga+%E2%80%93+Buenos+Aires+%E2%80%93+Argentina.-+.%3A+Rinc%C3%B3n+del+Tango+%3A.&rft.au=www.RrinconDelTango.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rincondeltango.com%2Fht%2FHTLosPrimitivosC.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://estatico.buenosaires.gov.ar/areas/cultura/museos/dg_museos/pdf/gardel/historianegra.pdf">El negro Casimiro Alcorta, y su tango "Entrada Prohibida"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706083507/http://estatico.buenosaires.gov.ar/areas/cultura/museos/dg_museos/pdf/gardel/historianegra.pdf">Archived</a> 6 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140729104536/http://estatico.buenosaires.gov.ar/areas/cultura/museos/dg_museos/pdf/gardel/historianegra.pdf">El negro Casimiro Alcorta, y su tango "Concha Sucia".</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scholz2008-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scholz2008_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scholz2008_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scholz2008_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scholz2008_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scholz2008_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScholz2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Scholz, Cora (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R01jckaUZ_gC&pg=PA19"><i>Tango argentino—seine Ursprünge und soziokulturelle Entwicklung</i></a> (in German). GRIN Verlag. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-640-11862-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-640-11862-5"><bdi>978-3-640-11862-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tango+argentino%E2%80%94seine+Urspr%C3%BCnge+und+soziokulturelle+Entwicklung&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=GRIN+Verlag&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-640-11862-5&rft.aulast=Scholz&rft.aufirst=Cora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR01jckaUZ_gC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esto.es/tango/Historia/historia.htm">"Lugares de baile"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lugares+de+baile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esto.es%2Ftango%2FHistoria%2Fhistoria.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorvath2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Horvath, Ricardo (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5ItWcuoyih4C&pg=PA61"><i>Esos malditos tangos: apuntes para la otra historia</i></a> (in Spanish). Buenos Aires, Argentina: Editorial Biblos. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-950-786-549-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-950-786-549-7"><bdi>978-950-786-549-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Esos+malditos+tangos%3A+apuntes+para+la+otra+historia&rft.place=Buenos+Aires%2C+Argentina&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Editorial+Biblos&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-950-786-549-7&rft.aulast=Horvath&rft.aufirst=Ricardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5ItWcuoyih4C%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstuni2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ostuni, Ricardo (22 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170714140755/http://todoshow.infonews.com/nota/1146/la-baronesa-del-tango">"La baronesa del tango"</a> [The baroness of tango] (in Spanish). Buenos Aires, Argentina: InfoNews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://todoshow.infonews.com/nota/1146/la-baronesa-del-tango">the original</a> on 14 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=La+baronesa+del+tango&rft.date=2011-11-22&rft.aulast=Ostuni&rft.aufirst=Ricardo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftodoshow.infonews.com%2Fnota%2F1146%2Fla-baronesa-del-tango&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130516012424/http://www.todotango.com/english/biblioteca/cronicas/leyenda_don_juan.asp">"Todotango.com – Todo sobre el tango argentino"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todotango.com/english/biblioteca/cronicas/leyenda_don_juan.asp">the original</a> on 16 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Todotango.com+%E2%80%93+Todo+sobre+el+tango+argentino&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todotango.com%2Fenglish%2Fbiblioteca%2Fcronicas%2Fleyenda_don_juan.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323181909/http://www.todotango.com/english/biblioteca/CRONICAS/primera_grabacion.asp">"Todotango.com – Todo sobre el tango argentino"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todotango.com/english/biblioteca/cronicas/primera_grabacion.asp">the original</a> on 23 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Todotango.com+%E2%80%93+Todo+sobre+el+tango+argentino&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todotango.com%2Fenglish%2Fbiblioteca%2Fcronicas%2Fprimera_grabacion.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_W%C3%B6lfer" title="Jürgen Wölfer">Jürgen Wölfer</a> Jazz in Deutschland – Das Lexikon. Alle Musiker und Plattenfirmen von 1920 bis heute. Hannibal Verlag: Höfen 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-85445-274-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-85445-274-4">978-3-85445-274-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael H. Kater: Gewagtes Spiel. Jazz im Nationalsozialismus. Cologne 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-423-30666-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-423-30666-1">3-423-30666-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schnoor, Hans: Barnabás von Géczy. Aufstieg einer Kunst. Dresden: Verlag der Dr. Güntzschen Stiftung o.J.(um 1937) mit Diskografie B.v.G. auf Electrola-Schallplatten.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Драгилёв, Д. Лабиринты русского танго. — СПб.: Алетейя, 2008. — 168 с — <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-91419-021-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-91419-021-4">978-5-91419-021-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce Bastin, notes to "German Tango Bands 1925–1939", Harlequin CD HQCD-127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Hill" class="citation news cs1">Michael Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nonesuch.com/artists/fernando-otero">"About Fernando Otero"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nonesuch_Records" title="Nonesuch Records">Nonesuch Records</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nonesuch+Records&rft.atitle=About+Fernando+Otero&rft.au=Michael+Hill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nonesuch.com%2Fartists%2Ffernando-otero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1399835-julian-peralta-la-seleccion-de-los-tangos-nuevos">"Julián Peralta: La selección de los tangos nuevos"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Juli%C3%A1n+Peralta%3A+La+selecci%C3%B3n+de+los+tangos+nuevos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lanacion.com.ar%2F1399835-julian-peralta-la-seleccion-de-los-tangos-nuevos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCas" class="citation news cs1">Cas, Andrés. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clarin.com/extrashow/musica/Levantar-tango-siesta_0_743325784.html">"Levantar al tango de su siesta"</a>. <i>Clarin.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clarin.com&rft.atitle=Levantar+al+tango+de+su+siesta&rft.aulast=Cas&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarin.com%2Fextrashow%2Fmusica%2FLevantar-tango-siesta_0_743325784.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1940017-tangos-de-estreno-clasicos-de-las-orquestas-del-futuro">"Tangos de estreno: clásicos de las orquestas del futuro"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tangos+de+estreno%3A+cl%C3%A1sicos+de+las+orquestas+del+futuro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lanacion.com.ar%2F1940017-tangos-de-estreno-clasicos-de-las-orquestas-del-futuro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtiempoar.com.ar" class="citation news cs1">tiempoar.com.ar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tiempoar.com.ar/articulo/view/60510/pensamos-al-tango-como-una-ma-sica-popular">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Pensamos al tango como una música popular" – tiempoar.com.ar"</a>. <i>tiempoar.com.ar</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=tiempoar.com.ar&rft.atitle=%22Pensamos+al+tango+como+una+m%C3%BAsica+popular%22+%E2%80%93+tiempoar.com.ar&rft.au=tiempoar.com.ar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftiempoar.com.ar%2Farticulo%2Fview%2F60510%2Fpensamos-al-tango-como-una-ma-sica-popular&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters" class="citation news cs1">Peters, Lucas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistaenie.clarin.com/escenarios/musica/Tango-cambiaron-pinta_0_732526749.html">"Tango, te cambiaron la pinta"</a>. <i>Clarin.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clarin.com&rft.atitle=Tango%2C+te+cambiaron+la+pinta&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Lucas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revistaenie.clarin.com%2Fescenarios%2Fmusica%2FTango-cambiaron-pinta_0_732526749.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diariouno.com.ar/musica/di-raimondo-cantar-una-orquesta-tipica-es-un-sueno-20161007-n1258584.html">"Di Raimondo: Cantar en una orquesta típica es un sueño"</a>. <i>Diario Uno</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diario+Uno&rft.atitle=Di+Raimondo%3A+Cantar+en+una+orquesta+t%C3%ADpica+es+un+sue%C3%B1o&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariouno.com.ar%2Fmusica%2Fdi-raimondo-cantar-una-orquesta-tipica-es-un-sueno-20161007-n1258584.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1820798-cancion-portena-en-el-festival-de-tango">"Canción porteña en el festival de tango"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canci%C3%B3n+porte%C3%B1a+en+el+festival+de+tango&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lanacion.com.ar%2F1820798-cancion-portena-en-el-festival-de-tango&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnDavidChapman2011" class="citation web cs1">JohnDavidChapman (8 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZijnqLrBSO0">"Arminda Canteros, pianist, plays Invierno Porteño by Astor Piazzolla"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/ZijnqLrBSO0">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2016</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arminda+Canteros%2C+pianist%2C+plays+Invierno+Porte%C3%B1o+by+Astor+Piazzolla&rft.date=2011-08-08&rft.au=JohnDavidChapman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DZijnqLrBSO0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eltangoysusinvitados.com/2009/08/arminda-canteros-biografia.html">"El Tango y sus invitados: Arminda Canteros"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Tango+y+sus+invitados%3A+Arminda+Canteros&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eltangoysusinvitados.com%2F2009%2F08%2Farminda-canteros-biografia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eltangoysusinvitados.com/2009/08/arminda-canteros-tangossolos-de-piano.html">"El Tango y sus invitados: Arminda Canteros – Tangos(Solos de piano)-1989"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Tango+y+sus+invitados%3A+Arminda+Canteros+%E2%80%93+Tangos%28Solos+de+piano%29-1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eltangoysusinvitados.com%2F2009%2F08%2Farminda-canteros-tangossolos-de-piano.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817022509/http://www.tangomalambo.com/en/cexilias-tangos.html">"Tango Malambo – Cecilia Pillado´s Label"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tangomalambo.com/en/cexilias-tangos.html">the original</a> on 17 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tango+Malambo+%E2%80%93+Cecilia+Pillado%C2%B4s+Label&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tangomalambo.com%2Fen%2Fcexilias-tangos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Library of Congress- Copyright Office, <i>Tango of Love</i>, <i>Petite Tango</i>. Copyright – Alpha Music Co., New York, NY. Composer: John Serry Sr. 1955</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://argentinetangoradio.com">Argentine Tango Radio</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tango_music&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollierHaas1995" class="citation book cs1">Collier, Simon; Haas, Ken (1995). <i>Tango! : the dance, the song, the story</i>. New York, NY: Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0500016712" title="Special:BookSources/0500016712"><bdi>0500016712</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/467187943">467187943</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tango%21+%3A+the+dance%2C+the+song%2C+the+story&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F467187943&rft.isbn=0500016712&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Haas%2C+Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATango+music" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tango_music&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tangonegrofilm.com/">Tango Negro, The African Roots of Tango</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todotango.com/english/history/chronicle/469/French-in-tango:-Introduction/">French language in tango</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todotango.com/english/history/chronicle/165/Tango-in-Poland-1913-1939/">Tango in Poland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35170830">Vadim Kozin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzqywoBGVVI">Tonight – Marek Weber Orch/Sam Costa, vocal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kz9vjqf2BXk">Caro Mio, Otto Dobrindt Orch.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nsgjk6kSmUk">Il Pleut sur la Route, sung by Tino Rossi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwGcAvCXMiI">Black Eyes, sung by Piotr Leshchenko</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tango" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tango" title="Template:Tango"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tango" title="Template talk:Tango"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tango" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tango"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tango" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tango</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_tango" title="Argentine tango">Argentine tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals (music)">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotango" title="Neotango">Neotango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_tango" title="Nuevo tango">Nuevo tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_tango" title="Uruguayan tango">Uruguayan tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandoneon" title="Bandoneon">Bandoneon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orquesta_t%C3%ADpica" title="Orquesta típica">Orquesta típica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tango" title="Tango">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_tango" title="Argentine tango">Argentine tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(dance)" title="Milonga (dance)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals (dance)">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotango" title="Neotango">Neotango</a></li> <li>Salon Tango</li> <li>Stage Tango</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronda_(tango)" title="Ronda (tango)">Ronda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figures_of_Argentine_tango" title="Figures of Argentine tango">Figures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tango" title="Tango">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(dance_event)" title="Milonga (dance event)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practica_(event)" title="Practica (event)">Practica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_tango_dance_tournament" title="World tango dance tournament">Mundial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortina_(tango)" title="Cortina (tango)">Cortina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanda_(milonga)" title="Tanda (milonga)">Tanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milonguero" title="Milonguero">Milonguero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_tango" title="History of the tango">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_genres_in_the_Hispanosphere" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_in_Spanish" title="Template:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_in_Spanish" title="Template talk:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_in_Spanish" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_genres_in_the_Hispanosphere" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Music genres in the <a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Hispanosphere</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambuco" title="Bambuco">Bambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnavalito" title="Carnavalito">Carnavalito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablada" title="Diablada">Diablada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayno" title="Huayno">Huayno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morenada" title="Morenada">Morenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saya_(art_form)" title="Saya (art form)">Saya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinku" title="Tinku">Tinku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spaniard folk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_rumba" title="Catalan rumba">Catalan rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copla_(music)" title="Copla (music)">Copla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango" title="Fandango">Fandango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albore%C3%A1" title="Alboreá">Alboreá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buler%C3%ADas" title="Bulerías">Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canti%C3%B1as" title="Cantiñas">Cantiñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba_flamenca" title="Rumba flamenca">Rumba flamenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeta_(flamenco)" title="Saeta (flamenco)">Saeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1" title="Soleá">Soleá</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folia" title="Folia">Folia</a></li> <li>Isa (from <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malague%C3%B1a_(genre)" title="Malagueña (genre)">Malagueña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">Pasodoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajaraste" title="Tajaraste">Tajaraste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">Zarzuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urbano_music" title="Urbano music">Latin urban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_house" title="Latin house">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Reggae en Español">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_R%26B" title="Latin R&B">R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_trap" title="Latin trap">Trap</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Reggaeton" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_reggaeton" title="Alternative reggaeton">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachat%C3%B3n" title="Bachatón">Bachatón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahton" title="Moombahton">Moombahton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoperreo" title="Neoperreo">Neoperreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_reggaet%C3%B3n" title="Panamanian reggaetón">Panamanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litoraleña</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarrita" title="Chamarrita">Chamarrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarania_(music)" title="Guarania (music)">Guarania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_polka" title="Paraguayan polka">Paraguayan polka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamam%C3%A9" title="Chamamé">Chamamé</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_criolla" title="Música criolla">Peruvian coastal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festejo" title="Festejo">Festejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land%C3%B3_(music)" title="Landó (music)">Landó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_de_los_Diablos" title="Son de los Diablos">Son de los Diablos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_Mata" title="Toro Mata">Toro Mata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondero" title="Tondero">Tondero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_criollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals criollo">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin pop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_ballad" title="Latin ballad">Ballad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_canci%C3%B3n" title="Nueva canción">Nueva canción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_trova" title="Nueva trova">Nueva trova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_styles_of_Mexican_music" title="Regional styles of Mexican music">Regional<br />Mexican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corridos_tumbados" title="Corridos tumbados">Corridos tumbados</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjunto" title="Conjunto">Conjunto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">Norteño</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nortec" title="Nortec">Nortec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupera" title="Grupera">Grupera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duranguense" title="Duranguense">Duranguense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_music" title="Banda music">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">Mariachi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarabe" title="Jarabe">Jarabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchera" title="Ranchera">Ranchera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trival" class="mw-redirect" title="Trival">Trival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Cone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_cebolla" title="Música cebolla">Música cebolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murga" title="Murga">Murga</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tango" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tango</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_tango" title="Argentine tango">Argentine tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals (music)">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotango" title="Neotango">Neotango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_tango" title="Nuevo tango">Nuevo tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_tango" title="Uruguayan tango">Uruguayan tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandoneon" title="Bandoneon">Bandoneon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orquesta_t%C3%ADpica" title="Orquesta típica">Orquesta típica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_en_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Rock en español">Rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alternative" title="Latin alternative">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_metal" title="Latin metal">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_ola" title="Nueva ola">Nueva ola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock music in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional folk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera">Chacarera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_zuliana" title="Gaita zuliana">Gaita zuliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gato_(artform)" title="Gato (artform)">Gato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joropo" title="Joropo">Joropo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_mexicano" title="Son mexicano">Mexican Son</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">huasteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jalisciense" title="Son jalisciense">jalisciense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">jarocho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonada" title="Tonada">Tonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamba_(artform)" title="Zamba (artform)">Zamba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">Bachata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">Bolero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-ch%C3%A1_(music)" title="Cha-cha-chá (music)">Cha-cha-cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champeta" title="Champeta">Champeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%C3%BC%C3%AD" title="Changüí">Changüí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charanga_(Cuba)" title="Charanga (Cuba)">Charanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conga_(music)" title="Conga (music)">Conga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarteto" title="Cuarteto">Cuarteto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danz%C3%B3n" title="Danzón">Danzón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajira_(music)" title="Guajira (music)">Guajira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaracha" title="Guaracha">Guaracha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">Mambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">Merengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ringue" title="Méringue">Méringue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachanga" title="Pachanga">Pachanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rumba" title="Cuban rumba">Rumba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guaguanc%C3%B3" title="Guaguancó">Guaguancó</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_dura" title="Salsa dura">dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_rom%C3%A1ntica" title="Salsa romántica">romántica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_cubano" title="Son cubano">Son cubano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_montuno" title="Son montuno">montuno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timba" title="Timba">Timba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trova" title="Trova">Trova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charanga-vallenata" title="Charanga-vallenata">Charanga-vallenata</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cumbia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cumbia" title="Argentine cumbia">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullerengue" title="Bullerengue">Bullerengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Colombia)" title="Cumbia (Colombia)">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cumbia" title="Mexican cumbia">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Chilean_cumbia" title="New Chilean cumbia">New Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Panama)" title="Cumbia (Panama)">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cumbia" title="Peruvian cumbia">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porro" title="Porro">Porro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_rap" title="Cumbia rap">Rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecnocumbia" title="Tecnocumbia">Tecnocumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_villera" title="Cumbia villera">Villera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachaca_(musical_genre)" title="Cachaca (musical genre)">Cachaca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afro-Latin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Bomba (Puerto Rico)">Bomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Ecuador)" title="Bomba (Ecuador)">Bomba del Chota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapal%C3%A9" title="Mapalé">Mapalé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_(dance)" title="Tambor (dance)">Tambor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguinaldo_(music)" title="Aguinaldo (music)">Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canci%C3%B3n_mel%C3%B3dica" title="Canción melódica">Canción melódica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Christian_music" title="Latin Christian music">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criolla" title="Criolla">Criolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danza" title="Danza">Danza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cima" title="Décima">Décima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">Pasacalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasillo" title="Pasillo">Pasillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plena" title="Plena">Plena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preg%C3%B3n" title="Pregón">Pregón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punto_guajiro" title="Punto guajiro">Punto guajiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seis" title="Seis">Seis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_opera" title="Spanish opera">Spanish opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico">Villancico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_music_subgenres" title="List of Latin music subgenres">subgenres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines#Hispanic-influenced_music" title="Music of the Philippines">Hispanic-influenced music in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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