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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83" title="جورج بليك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورج بليك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corc_Bleyk" title="Corc Bleyk – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Corc Bleyk" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="George Blake" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake_(Geheimagent)" title="George Blake (Geheimagent) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="George Blake (Geheimagent)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="George Blake" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="George Blake" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جورج بلیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جورج بلیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake_(espion)" title="George Blake (espion) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="George Blake (espion)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EB%B8%94%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC" title="조지 블레이크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조지 블레이크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95" title="जॉर्ज ब्लेक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉर्ज ब्लेक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="George Blake" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake_(agente_segreto)" title="George Blake (agente segreto) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="George Blake (agente segreto)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%27_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7" title="ג'ורג' בלייק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ורג' בלייק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="George Blake" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="George Blake" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF" title="ジョージ・ブレイク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョージ・ブレイク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="George Blake" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="George Blake" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="George Blake" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Блейк, Джордж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Блейк, Джордж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="ජෝර්ජ් බ්ලේක් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජෝර්ජ් බ්ලේක්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="George Blake" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="George Blake" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="George Blake" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA" title="Джордж Блейк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джордж Блейк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="George Blake" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%8B" title="乔治·布莱克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乔治·布莱克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q775915#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/George_Blake" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British/Soviet espionage agent (1922–2020)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named George Blake, see <a href="/wiki/George_Blake_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="George Blake (disambiguation)">George Blake (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">George Blake</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Blake_spy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/George_Blake_spy.jpg/220px-George_Blake_spy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/George_Blake_spy.jpg/330px-George_Blake_spy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/George_Blake_spy.jpg/440px-George_Blake_spy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="697" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Birth name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">George Behar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1922-11-11</span>)</span>11 November 1922<br /><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, Netherlands</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 December 2020<span style="display:none">(2020-12-26)</span> (aged 98)<br /><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>United Kingdom</li><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li><li>Russia</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Intelligence_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="Naval Intelligence Division (United Kingdom)">Naval Intelligence Division</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret Intelligence Service">MI6</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)">MGB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">SVR</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polkovnik" title="Polkovnik">Polkovnik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Double_agent" title="Double agent">Double agent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Downing_College,_Cambridge" title="Downing College, Cambridge">Downing College, Cambridge</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George Blake</b> (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">né</a></span> <b>Behar</b>; 11 November 1922 – 26 December 2020) was a <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">spy</a> with Britain's <a href="/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret Intelligence Service">Secret Intelligence Service</a> (MI6) and worked as a <a href="/wiki/Double_agent" title="Double agent">double agent</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. He became a <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> and decided to work for the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)">MGB</a> while a prisoner during the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. Discovered in 1961 and sentenced to 42 years in prison, he escaped from <a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Wormwood_Scrubs" title="HM Prison Wormwood Scrubs">Wormwood Scrubs prison</a> in west London in 1966 and fled to the Soviet Union where he resided until dissolution in 1991. He continued to reside in the Russian Federation until his death in 2020. He was not one of the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Five" title="Cambridge Five">Cambridge Five</a> spies, although he associated with <a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(spy)" title="Donald Maclean (spy)">Donald Maclean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kim_Philby" title="Kim Philby">Kim Philby</a> after reaching the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013324–328_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013324–328-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Blake&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Blake_with_mother.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/George_Blake_with_mother.jpg/240px-George_Blake_with_mother.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/George_Blake_with_mother.jpg/360px-George_Blake_with_mother.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/George_Blake_with_mother.jpg/480px-George_Blake_with_mother.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="623" /></a><figcaption>Blake with his mother upon his return to the UK in 1953</figcaption></figure> <p>George Blake was born George Behar in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, the Netherlands in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the son of a <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> mother, Catherine (née Beijderwellen),<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-2020-12-26-george-blake-obituary_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-2020-12-26-george-blake-obituary-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an Egyptian father of <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jewish">Sephardi Jewish</a> origin who was a naturalised British subject.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlake199026_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlake199026-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was named George after <a href="/wiki/George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George V of the United Kingdom">George V of the United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston201318–44,_47_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston201318–44,_47-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Albert Behar, served in the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> during the First World War. While Albert received the <a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Service_Medal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Meritorious Service Medal (United Kingdom)">Meritorious Service Medal</a>, he embellished his war service when recounting it to his wife and children, and concealed his Jewish background until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston20132–5_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston20132–5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Behars lived a comfortable existence in the Netherlands until Albert's death in 1936. The thirteen-year-old Behar was sent to live with a wealthy aunt in Egypt,<sup id="cite_ref-Storyville_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storyville-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he continued his education at the English School in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>. He later attended <a href="/wiki/Downing_College,_Cambridge" title="Downing College, Cambridge">Downing College, Cambridge</a>, to study Russian.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While in Cairo, he was close to his cousin <a href="/wiki/Henri_Curiel" title="Henri Curiel">Henri Curiel</a>, who was later to become a leader of the Communist <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_for_National_Liberation" title="Democratic Movement for National Liberation">Democratic Movement for National Liberation</a> in Egypt. In 1991, Blake said that his encounter with Curiel, who was a decade older and already a <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a>, shaped his views in later life.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Second World War broke out, Behar was back in the Netherlands. In 1940, Germany invaded and quickly defeated the Dutch military. Behar was interned but released because he was only 17, and joined the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Dutch resistance</a> as a courier.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCO_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCO-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1942, he escaped from the Netherlands and travelled to Britain via Spain and Gibraltar, reaching London in January 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCO_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCO-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, he was reunited with his mother and his sisters, who had fled at the start of the war. In 1943, his mother decided to change the family name from Behar to Blake.<sup id="cite_ref-dailytelegraph-2020-12-27-obit-pottle_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailytelegraph-2020-12-27-obit-pottle-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Espionage_activities">Espionage activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Blake&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Espionage activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After he reached Britain, Blake joined the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">sub-lieutenant</a> before being recruited by the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in 1944. For the rest of the war, Blake was employed in the Dutch Section.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston201346–57_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston201346–57-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He intended to marry an MI6 secretary, <a href="/wiki/Iris_Dawnay" title="Iris Dawnay">Iris Peake</a>, but her family prevented the marriage because of Blake's Jewish background and the relationship ended.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-2020-12-26-george-blake-obituary_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-2020-12-26-george-blake-obituary-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1946, he was posted to <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> and put in charge of the interrogation of German <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> captains. In 1947, the Navy sent Blake to study languages, including Russian, at Downing College, Cambridge, where his fellow students included the future foreign policy analyst <a href="/wiki/Michael_MccGwire" title="Michael MccGwire">Michael MccGwire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was posted thereafter to the British <a href="/wiki/Legation" title="Legation">legation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, South Korea, under <a href="/wiki/Vyvyan_Holt" title="Vyvyan Holt">Vyvyan Holt</a>, arriving on 6 November 1948. Under cover as a vice-consul, Blake's mission was to gather intelligence on Communist <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, Communist <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Far_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Far East">Soviet Far East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston201380,_84–85_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston201380,_84–85-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> broke out on 25 June 1950, and Seoul was quickly captured by the advancing <a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army" title="Korean People's Army">Korean People's Army</a> of the North. After British forces joined the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Command" title="United Nations Command">United Nations Command</a> defending the South, Blake and the other British diplomats were taken prisoner. As the tide of the war turned, Blake and the others were taken north, first to <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a> and then to the <a href="/wiki/Yalu_River" title="Yalu River">Yalu River</a>. After seeing the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_North_Korea" title="Bombing of North Korea">bombing of North Korea</a>, and after reading the works of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> and others during his three-year detention, he became a communist.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a secret meeting arranged with his guards, he volunteered to work for the Soviet Union's spy service, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)">MGB</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013126,_129–134_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013126,_129–134-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview, Blake was once asked: "Is there one incident that triggered your decision to effectively change sides?" Blake responded: </p> <blockquote><p>It was the relentless bombing of small Korean villages by enormous American <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Flying Fortresses</a>. Women and children and old people, because the young men were in the army. We might have been victims ourselves. It made me feel ashamed of belonging to these overpowering, technically superior countries fighting against what seemed to me defenceless people. I felt I was on the wrong side ... that it would be better for humanity if the Communist system prevailed, that it would put an end to war.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>However, in his first interview, in 1990, with Tom Bower for 'The Confession', a BBC TV documentary, Blake said that he had been tempted towards communism during his Russian course in Cambridge while serving with MI6, and had been finally convinced while reading <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></i> during his imprisonment in North Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-radio4-the-confession_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-radio4-the-confession-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Blake_1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/George_Blake_1953.jpg/170px-George_Blake_1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/George_Blake_1953.jpg/255px-George_Blake_1953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/George_Blake_1953.jpg/340px-George_Blake_1953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="1082" /></a><figcaption>Blake after returning from Korea in 1953</figcaption></figure> <p>Following his release in 1953, Blake returned to Britain as a hero, landing at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Abingdon" title="RAF Abingdon">RAF Abingdon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1954, he married MI6 secretary Gillian Allan in St Mark's Church (North Audley Street) in London.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlake1990165_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlake1990165-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1955, he was sent by MI6 to work as a <a href="/wiki/Case_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Case officer">case officer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, where his task was to recruit <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> officers as double agents. But he also informed his KGB contacts of the details of British and American operations, including <a href="/wiki/Operation_Gold" title="Operation Gold">Operation Gold</a> in which a tunnel into <a href="/wiki/East_Berlin" title="East Berlin">East Berlin</a> was used to <a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">tap telephone lines</a> used by the Soviet military, and the similar <a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_(1949)" title="Operation Silver (1949)">Operation Silver (1949)</a> by the British in Vienna. He was called <i>Agent Diomid</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVogel2019141_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVogel2019141-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to protect Blake from exposure, the Soviet decided not to "discover" the tunnel until it had been in operation for nearly a year.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Storyville_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storyville-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the author of a 2019 book about the operation, the Soviets "value[d] Blake so much, they fear[ed] his exposure more than they fear[ed] a breach of their secrets".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the course of nine years, Blake is said to have betrayed details of some forty MI6 agents to the KGB, destroying most of MI6's operations in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, although this remains unsubstantiated.<sup id="cite_ref-h252_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h252-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blake later said of this: "I don't know what I handed over because it was so much."<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-radio4-the-confession_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-radio4-the-confession-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same TV interview, Blake claimed to have betrayed 500 British agents.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-radio4-the-confession_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-radio4-the-confession-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959 Blake became aware of a <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> <a href="/wiki/Mole_(espionage)" title="Mole (espionage)">mole</a> inside <a href="/wiki/Main_Intelligence_Directorate_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Main Intelligence Directorate (Soviet Union)">GRU</a>, and was possibly instrumental in exposing <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Semyonovich_Popov" title="Pyotr Semyonovich Popov">P. S. Popov</a>, who was executed in 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Blake's espionage during the Cold War is famous and has regularly been pored over, it has been in a less detailed way than the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Five" title="Cambridge Five">Cambridge Five</a> spy ring, because "Blake was never part of this [elite] class-ridden inner circle", according to an article by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> after Blake's death. "Born in Rotterdam to a Dutch mother and an Egyptian Jewish father [he] was never considered one of them."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_and_conviction">Discovery and conviction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Blake&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Discovery and conviction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1961, Blake fell under suspicion after revelations by Polish <a href="/wiki/Defector" class="mw-redirect" title="Defector">defector</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Goleniewski" title="Michael Goleniewski">Michael Goleniewski</a> and others. He was arrested when he arrived in London after being summoned from <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, where he had been enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Centre_for_Arabic_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East Centre for Arabic Studies">Middle East Centre for Arabic Studies</a> (MECAS).<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-2020-12-26-george-blake-obituary_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-2020-12-26-george-blake-obituary-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three days into his interrogation,<sup id="cite_ref-Storyville_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storyville-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blake denied he was tortured or blackmailed by the North Koreans. Without thinking about what he was saying, he stated that he had switched sides voluntarily. He then gave his MI6 interrogators a full confession.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013228–229_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013228–229-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The maximum sentence for any one offence under section 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Official_Secrets_Act_1911" title="Official Secrets Act 1911">Official Secrets Act 1911</a> is 14 years, but his activities were divided into five time periods charged as five offences and, in May 1961 after an <i><a href="/wiki/In_camera" title="In camera">in camera</a></i> trial at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Bailey" title="Old Bailey">Old Bailey</a>, he was sentenced to the maximum term of 14 years consecutively on each of three counts of spying for a potential enemy and 14 years concurrently on both the two remaining counts—a total of 42 years imprisonment—by the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_England_and_Wales" title="Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales">Lord Chief Justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Parker,_Baron_Parker_of_Waddington" title="Hubert Parker, Baron Parker of Waddington">Lord Parker of Waddington</a>. This sentence was reported by newspapers to represent one year for each of the agents who were killed when he betrayed them, although this is dubious.<sup id="cite_ref-h252_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h252-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the longest non-life sentence ever handed down by a British court.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCO_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCO-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Escape_from_prison">Escape from prison</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Blake&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Escape from prison"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_gate_to_the_HM_Prison_Wormwood_Scrubs_in_spring_2013_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Main_gate_to_the_HM_Prison_Wormwood_Scrubs_in_spring_2013_%281%29.JPG/220px-Main_gate_to_the_HM_Prison_Wormwood_Scrubs_in_spring_2013_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Main_gate_to_the_HM_Prison_Wormwood_Scrubs_in_spring_2013_%281%29.JPG/330px-Main_gate_to_the_HM_Prison_Wormwood_Scrubs_in_spring_2013_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Main_gate_to_the_HM_Prison_Wormwood_Scrubs_in_spring_2013_%281%29.JPG/440px-Main_gate_to_the_HM_Prison_Wormwood_Scrubs_in_spring_2013_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Wormwood_Scrubs" title="HM Prison Wormwood Scrubs">HM Prison Wormwood Scrubs</a> in west London, from which Blake escaped in 1966</figcaption></figure> <p>Five years into his imprisonment in <a href="/wiki/Wormwood_Scrubs_(HM_Prison)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wormwood Scrubs (HM Prison)">Wormwood Scrubs</a>, Blake escaped with the help of three men he had met in prison, <a href="/wiki/Sean_Bourke" title="Sean Bourke">Sean Bourke</a> and two anti-nuclear campaigners, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Randle" title="Michael Randle">Michael Randle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pat_Pottle" title="Pat Pottle">Pat Pottle</a>. The escape was masterminded by Bourke, who first approached Randle only for financial help with the escape. Randle became more involved and suggested they bring Pottle in on the plan as well, as he had suggested springing Blake to Randle in 1962 when they were both still in prison. Their motives for helping Blake to escape were their belief that the 42-year sentence was "inhuman" and because of a personal liking of Blake.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several sources also state that the plan was financed by film director <a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-2020-12-26-george-blake-obituary_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-2020-12-26-george-blake-obituary-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bourke had smuggled a <a href="/wiki/Walkie-talkie" title="Walkie-talkie">walkie-talkie</a> to Blake to communicate with him while in prison. On 22 October 1966, Blake broke a window at the end of the corridor where his cell was located. Then between 6 and 7 p.m., while most of the other inmates and guards were at the weekly film showing, Blake climbed through the window, slid down a porch and made his way to the perimeter wall. There, Bourke, who had been released from the prison earlier, threw a rope ladder over the wall. Blake then used it to climb over the wall and they drove off to a <a href="/wiki/Safe_house" title="Safe house">safe house</a>. During the escape, Blake fractured his wrist jumping from the perimeter wall, but apart from that it all went according to plan.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCO_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCO-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the escape, it became apparent that the safe house was not suitable, as it was a <a href="/wiki/Bedsit" title="Bedsit">bedsit</a> that was cleaned by the landlady once a week. Blake then spent several days moving between Randle and Pottle's friends' houses, including that of Rev. <a href="/wiki/John_Papworth" title="John Papworth">John Papworth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Earls_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Earls Court">Earls Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, Blake and Bourke moved in with Pottle, staying with him while preparing to get out of the country. They smuggled Blake across the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Camper_van" class="mw-redirect" title="Camper van">camper van</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then drove across northern Europe and through <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Helmstedt%E2%80%93Marienborn_border_crossing" title="Helmstedt–Marienborn border crossing">Helmstedt–Marienborn border crossing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Storyville_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storyville-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having safely crossed the border without incident, Blake met his handlers in <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> and completed his escape to the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-2020-12-26-george-blake-obituary_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-2020-12-26-george-blake-obituary-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pottle and Randle were not prosecuted until 1991. Their defence was a claim of moral justification for aiding Blake, whose 42-year sentence they considered to be excessively long and "inhuman".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite being directed that they must find the men guilty, the <a href="/wiki/Juries_in_England_and_Wales" title="Juries in England and Wales">jury</a> acquitted them both, an act known as <a href="/wiki/Jury_nullification" title="Jury nullification">jury nullification</a> in which a jury uses its absolute discretion to find as it sees fit.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bourke was not prosecuted for his role since Ireland refused to extradite him to the United Kingdom to face charges that were political in nature.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moscow">Moscow</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Blake&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Moscow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 1966, his wife Gillian, with whom he had three children, began <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a> proceedings against him, and in March 1967 <a href="/wiki/Alan_Stewart_Orr" title="Alan Stewart Orr">Mr Justice Orr</a> granted a <i><a href="/wiki/Decree_nisi" title="Decree nisi">decree nisi</a></i> in Blake's absence, on the grounds that the conviction of a spouse for treason can amount to cruelty or constructive desertion. Custody of their three sons was awarded to Gillian. This caused Blake a good deal of grief, though he knew that Gillian would have struggled to settle into life in the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013237_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013237-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, Blake published the autobiography <i>No Other Choice</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlake1990_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlake1990-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book's British publisher had paid him approximately £60,000 before <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_v_Blake" title="Attorney General v Blake">the government intervened to stop him profiting from sales</a>. Eventually, the amount seized by the government totalled £90,000.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later filed a complaint charging the British government with a human rights violation for taking nine years to decide on his case and was awarded £5,000 in compensation by the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1991, Blake testified by video recording when Randle and Pottle were put on trial for aiding his escape. They were acquitted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013332–333,_339_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013332–333,_339-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a> in 1991, Blake said he regretted the deaths of the agents he had betrayed.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 1992 interview for the programme <i><a href="/wiki/As_It_Happens" title="As It Happens">As It Happens</a></i>, aired by Canada's <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio" title="CBC Radio">CBC Radio</a>, Blake praised the general concept of communism. He said that he had offered his services to the Soviet Union because he viewed communism as "a great experiment of mankind, to create a more just society, to create, in fact, the kingdom of God in this world". During this discussion, he denied responsibility for the deaths of any British agents, having been assured by the Soviets that none were executed based on the intelligence that he had provided, assurances he accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to NPR, "Blake gave up the identities of hundreds of British spies, some of whom were executed."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1992 CNN series <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(TV_series)" title="Cold War (TV series)">Cold War</a>, former KGB general <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Kalugin" title="Oleg Kalugin">Oleg Kalugin</a> remarked, "George Blake had that innocent mind, in a sense. He's still a very naïve man. He didn't want to know that many people he betrayed were executed. And I think we discussed this subject at one point, and he wouldn't believe it. He would say, 'Well, I was told that this would not happen!' It did happen. He was not told."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blake married again, in 1968, to Ida Mikhailovna Kareyeva with whom he had one child. He also reconciled with his other children.<sup id="cite_ref-Storyville_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storyville-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 2007, Blake was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friendship" title="Order of Friendship">Order of Friendship</a> on his 85th birthday by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blake's later book, <i>Transparent Walls</i> (2006), was reported by the <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">daily</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Vzglyad_(newspaper)" title="Vzglyad (newspaper)">Vzglyad</a></i> ("The View"). <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lebedev_(politician)" title="Sergey Lebedev (politician)">Sergei Lebedev</a>, the then director of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR)</a> of the Russian Federation, wrote in the book's foreword that despite the book's being devoted to the past, it is about the present as well. He also wrote that Blake, the 85-year-old colonel of foreign intelligence, "still takes an active role in the affairs of the secret service".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Blake celebrated his 90th birthday, still living in Moscow on a KGB pension. His eyesight was failing and he described himself as "virtually blind". He remained a committed <a href="/wiki/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist–Leninist">Marxist–Leninist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blake denied being a traitor, insisting that he had never felt British: "To betray, you first have to belong. I never belonged."<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-2020-12-26-george-blake-obituary_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-2020-12-26-george-blake-obituary-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Five years later, Blake remained committed to Russia and to communism.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a November 2017 statement, he claimed that its spies now have "the difficult and critical mission" of saving the world "in a situation when the danger of nuclear war and the resulting self-destruction of humankind again have been put on the agenda by irresponsible politicians. It's a true battle between good and evil."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Blake&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blake died on 26 December 2020, aged 98, in Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBCS_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCS-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a> news agency first reported Blake's death, citing Russia's <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">SVR foreign intelligence agency</a>. "We received some bitter news—the legendary George Blake passed away," it said.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, himself an ex-<a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> agent, expressed his "deep condolences" to Blake's family and friends. In a message published on the Kremlin website, the Russian leader noted Blake's "invaluable contribution to ensuring strategic parity and maintaining peace on the planet."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Putin also said of Blake, "Colonel Blake was a brilliant professional of special vitality and courage."<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blake was buried with military honours at Moscow's <a href="/wiki/Troyekurovskoye_Cemetery" title="Troyekurovskoye Cemetery">Troyekurovskoye Cemetery</a>, in its Alley of Heroes, under the name Georgy Ivanovich Bekhter, the name with which he lived from 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is commemorated on a sculpture honouring intelligence officers outside the SVR's headquarters in Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Blake&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Bagley" title="Desmond Bagley">Desmond Bagley</a>'s 1971 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Freedom_Trap" title="The Freedom Trap">The Freedom Trap</a></i> and its screen version, <a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mackintosh_Man" title="The Mackintosh Man">The Mackintosh Man</a></i> from 1973, were loosely based on Blake's prison escape. </p><p>For his novel <i><a href="/wiki/Tinker_Tailor_Soldier_Spy" title="Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy">Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy</a></i> <a href="/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9" title="John le Carré">John le Carré</a> used Blake's foreign background ("half a Dutchman and half a Jew") as partial inspiration for the characters of <a href="/wiki/Toby_Esterhase" title="Toby Esterhase">Toby Esterhase</a> and Roy Bland. Le Carré later recalled "when I started putting together my little bestiary of suspects, I made sure there were at least two of them...who were alienated by birth from the class structure that they served."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The play <i><a href="/wiki/Cell_Mates_(play)" title="Cell Mates (play)">Cell Mates</a></i> (1995) by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Gray" title="Simon Gray">Simon Gray</a> is about Blake and <a href="/wiki/Sean_Bourke" title="Sean Bourke">Sean Bourke</a>. The original production starred <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Fry" title="Stephen Fry">Stephen Fry</a> as Blake and <a href="/wiki/Rik_Mayall" title="Rik Mayall">Rik Mayall</a> as Bourke. The production was thrown into turmoil when Fry left the production following a bad review.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCS_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCS-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> planned to make a film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Short_Night" title="The Short Night">The Short Night</a></i>, based on Blake, but died before doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston201312_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston201312-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, BBC <i><a href="/wiki/Storyville_(TV_series)" title="Storyville (TV series)">Storyville</a></i> made a documentary about Blake at the age of 92, which included interviews with Blake. The film was titled <i>Storyville: Masterspy of Moscow – George Blake</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Storyville_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storyville-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021 the BBC radio play <i>Breaking Blake</i> by Barnaby Kay was broadcast. It covers his escape from prison and his flight to a Czechoslovakian border post with East Germany in a camper van's hidden compartment.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>George Blake appears as a character in Ian McEwan's novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Innocent_(McEwan_novel)" title="The Innocent (McEwan novel)">The Innocent</a>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Blake&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_v_Blake" title="Attorney General v Blake">Attorney General v Blake</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Blake&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013324–328-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013324–328_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHermiston2013">Hermiston 2013</a>, pp. 324–328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/review/spy-enigma">"The Spy, The Enigma"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/History_Today" title="History Today">History Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506173014/https://www.historytoday.com/archive/review/spy-enigma">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=George+Blake+obituary&rft.date=2020-12-26&rft.aulast=Norton-Taylor&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fdec%2F26%2Fgeorge-blake-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190154/https://www.pbs.org/redfiles/kgb/deep/interv/k_int_george_blake.htm">"RED FILES: Secret Victories of the KGB – George Blake Interview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></i>. 15 July 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/redfiles/kgb/deep/interv/k_int_george_blake.htm">the original</a> on 26 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=RED+FILES%3A+Secret+Victories+of+the+KGB+%E2%80%93+George+Blake+Interview&rft.date=2018-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fredfiles%2Fkgb%2Fdeep%2Finterv%2Fk_int_george_blake.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlake199026-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlake199026_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlake1990">Blake 1990</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston201318–44,_47-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston201318–44,_47_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHermiston2013">Hermiston 2013</a>, pp. 18–44, 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston20132–5-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston20132–5_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHermiston2013">Hermiston 2013</a>, pp. 2–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Storyville-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Storyville_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storyville_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storyville_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storyville_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storyville_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storyville_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b05nyyd9/storyville-masterspy-of-moscow-george-blake"><i>Storyville – Masterspy of Moscow – George Blake</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190234/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05nyyd9">archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Storyville+%E2%80%93+Masterspy+of+Moscow+%E2%80%93+George+Blake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fiplayer%2Fepisode%2Fb05nyyd9%2Fstoryville-masterspy-of-moscow-george-blake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyle1989" class="citation magazine cs1">Boyle, Andrew (27 July 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrb.co.uk/v11/n14/andrew-boyle/his-little-game">"His Little Game"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a></i>. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0260-9592">0260-9592</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190157/https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v11/n14/andrew-boyle/his-little-game">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190155/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/george-blake-i-spy-a-british-traitor-418245.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=George+Blake%3A+I+spy+a+British+traitor&rft.date=2006-10-01&rft.aulast=Irvine&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fprofiles%2Fgeorge-blake-i-spy-a-british-traitor-418245.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCO-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBCO_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCO_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCO_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCO_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-25675566">"George Blake obituary"</a>. BBC. 26 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190158/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-25675566">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=George+Blake+obituary&rft.date=2020-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-25675566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dailytelegraph-2020-12-27-obit-pottle-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dailytelegraph-2020-12-27-obit-pottle_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1368749/Patrick-Pottle.html">"Patrick Pottle (obituary)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. London. 4 October 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226143724/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1368749/Patrick-Pottle.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Patrick+Pottle+%28obituary%29&rft.date=2000-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F1368749%2FPatrick-Pottle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston201346–57-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston201346–57_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHermiston2013">Hermiston 2013</a>, pp. 46–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnightley2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Knightley" title="Phillip Knightley">Knightley, Phillip</a> (27 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190215/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1529901/Double-agent-sentenced-to-42-years-for-doing-untold-damage-in-the-Cold-War.html">"Double agent sentenced to 42 years for doing untold damage in the Cold War"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1529901/Double-agent-sentenced-to-42-years-for-doing-untold-damage-in-the-Cold-War.html">the original</a> on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Double+agent+sentenced+to+42+years+for+doing+untold+damage+in+the+Cold+War&rft.date=2006-09-27&rft.aulast=Knightley&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1529901%2FDouble-agent-sentenced-to-42-years-for-doing-untold-damage-in-the-Cold-War.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dow.cam.ac.uk/sites/default/files/associationnewsletter_2016_web.pdf">Downing College Alumni Association Newsletter 2015–16 – Obituaries</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Downing College Alumni Association. 2016. p. 90. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190158/https://www.dow.cam.ac.uk/sites/default/files/associationnewsletter_2016_web.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Downing+College+Alumni+Association+Newsletter+2015%E2%80%9316+%E2%80%93+Obituaries&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Downing+College+Alumni+Association&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dow.cam.ac.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fassociationnewsletter_2016_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston201380,_84–85-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston201380,_84–85_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHermiston2013">Hermiston 2013</a>, pp. 80, 84–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFadden2020" class="citation news cs1">McFadden, Robert D (26 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/26/obituaries/george-blake-british-spy-dead.html">"George Blake, British Spy Who Betrayed the West, Dies at 98"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190157/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/26/obituaries/george-blake-british-spy-dead.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=George+Blake%2C+British+Spy+Who+Betrayed+the+West%2C+Dies+at+98&rft.date=2020-12-26&rft.aulast=McFadden&rft.aufirst=Robert+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F12%2F26%2Fobituaries%2Fgeorge-blake-british-spy-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013126,_129–134-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013126,_129–134_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHermiston2013">Hermiston 2013</a>, pp. 126, 129–134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-radio4-the-confession-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc-radio4-the-confession_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc-radio4-the-confession_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc-radio4-the-confession_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00ly0nx">"George Blake – The Confession"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>. 3 August 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029175134/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00ly0nx">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+Blake+%E2%80%93+The+Confession&rft.pub=BBC+Radio+4&rft.date=2009-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb00ly0nx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2012" class="citation book cs1">Turner, John Frayn (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jAG563wOhPgC&pg=PT109"><i>Traitor: British Double Agents 1930–80</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1780967295" title="Special:BookSources/978-1780967295"><bdi>978-1780967295</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125220124/https://books.google.com/books?id=jAG563wOhPgC&pg=PT109">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traitor%3A+British+Double+Agents+1930%E2%80%9380&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1780967295&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=John+Frayn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjAG563wOhPgC%26pg%3DPT109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlake1990165-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlake1990165_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlake1990">Blake 1990</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVogel2019141-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVogel2019141_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVogel2019">Vogel 2019</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonindependentreviewofbooks.com/index.php/bookreview/betrayal-in-berlin-the-true-story-of-the-cold-wars-most-audacious-espionage-operation">"Betrayal in Berlin: The True Story of the Cold War's Most Audacious Espionage Operation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Independent_Review_of_Books" title="Washington Independent Review of Books">Washington Independent Review of Books</a></i>. 18 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515012547/http://www.washingtonindependentreviewofbooks.com/index.php/bookreview/betrayal-in-berlin-the-true-story-of-the-cold-wars-most-audacious-espionage-operation">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Independent+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Betrayal+in+Berlin%3A+The+True+Story+of+the+Cold+War%27s+Most+Audacious+Espionage+Operation&rft.date=2019-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonindependentreviewofbooks.com%2Findex.php%2Fbookreview%2Fbetrayal-in-berlin-the-true-story-of-the-cold-wars-most-audacious-espionage-operation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/12/28/950886192/cold-war-double-spy-george-blake-dies-at-98">"Cold War Double Spy George Blake Dies At 98"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>. 28 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230230716/https://www.npr.org/2020/12/28/950886192/cold-war-double-spy-george-blake-dies-at-98">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Cold+War+Double+Spy+George+Blake+Dies+At+98&rft.date=2020-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F12%2F28%2F950886192%2Fcold-war-double-spy-george-blake-dies-at-98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h252-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h252_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h252_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hermiston, pp. 252–253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHood1983" class="citation book cs1">Hood, William (1983). <i>Mole</i>. New York: Ballantine. pp. <span class="nowrap">246–</span>247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780345304919" title="Special:BookSources/9780345304919"><bdi>9780345304919</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mole&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E246-%3C%2Fspan%3E247&rft.pub=Ballantine&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780345304919&rft.aulast=Hood&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorril2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dorril" title="Stephen Dorril">Dorril, Stephen</a> (27 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/dec/27/george-blake-treachery-born-of-idealism-still-a-waste">"George Blake exemplified the desolation, waste and treachery of the cold war"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210101023006/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/dec/27/george-blake-treachery-born-of-idealism-still-a-waste">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>. <q>never belonged to Kim Philby's elite traitors' club</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=George+Blake+exemplified+the+desolation%2C+waste+and+treachery+of+the+cold+war&rft.date=2020-12-27&rft.aulast=Dorril&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2020%2Fdec%2F27%2Fgeorge-blake-treachery-born-of-idealism-still-a-waste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013228–229-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013228–229_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHermiston2013">Hermiston 2013</a>, pp. 228–229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190241/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/10116541/John-Quine.html">"Obituary John Quine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. London. 12 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/10116541/John-Quine.html">the original</a> on 26 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Obituary+John+Quine&rft.date=2013-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F10116541%2FJohn-Quine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapiro2020" class="citation news cs1">Shapiro, T Rees (27 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/britain/cold-war-superspy-george-blake-who-escaped-from-a-uk-jail-and-became-a-russian-hero-dies-at-98-39902931.html">"Cold War 'superspy' George Blake, who escaped from a UK jail and became a Russian hero, dies at 98"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Independent_(Ireland)" title="Sunday Independent (Ireland)">Sunday Independent</a></i>. Dublin. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-5218">0039-5218</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230213928/https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/britain/cold-war-superspy-george-blake-who-escaped-from-a-uk-jail-and-became-a-russian-hero-dies-at-98-39902931.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>On the night of October 25, 1966, the trio (financed by Oscar-winning movie director Tony Richardson)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sunday+Independent&rft.atitle=Cold+War+%27superspy%27+George+Blake%2C+who+escaped+from+a+UK+jail+and+became+a+Russian+hero%2C+dies+at+98&rft.date=2020-12-27&rft.issn=0039-5218&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=T+Rees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fworld-news%2Feurope%2Fbritain%2Fcold-war-superspy-george-blake-who-escaped-from-a-uk-jail-and-became-a-russian-hero-dies-at-98-39902931.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/spy-helped-to-trap-notorious-soviet-agent-20130614-2o8sw.html">"Spy helped to trap notorious Soviet agent"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. 13 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515012827/https://www.smh.com.au/national/spy-helped-to-trap-notorious-soviet-agent-20130614-2o8sw.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>lake was sprung from the Scrubs by a group of fellow prisoners, all Left-wing activists and anti-nuclear protesters financed by the film director Tony Richardson)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Spy+helped+to+trap+notorious+Soviet+agent&rft.date=2013-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Fspy-helped-to-trap-notorious-soviet-agent-20130614-2o8sw.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoynihan1997" class="citation web cs1">Moynihan, Tim (17 March 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/priest-admits-hosting-george-blake-after-1966-prison-escape-1.52937">"Priest admits hosting George Blake after 1966 prison escape"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>. Dublin. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0791-5144">0791-5144</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515012933/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/priest-admits-hosting-george-blake-after-1966-prison-escape-1.52937">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Priest+admits+hosting+George+Blake+after+1966+prison+escape&rft.date=1997-03-17&rft.issn=0791-5144&rft.aulast=Moynihan&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpriest-admits-hosting-george-blake-after-1966-prison-escape-1.52937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRusbridger1991" class="citation book cs1">Rusbridger, James (1991). <i>The Intelligence game: The Illusions and Delusions of International Espionage</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">I.B. Tauris</a>. p. <a href="//archive.org/details/intelligencegame0000rusb/page/52/mode/1up" class="extiw" title="iarchive:intelligencegame0000rusb/page/52/mode/1up">52</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85043-338-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85043-338-0"><bdi>1-85043-338-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/59990814">59990814</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Intelligence+game%3A+The+Illusions+and+Delusions+of+International+Espionage&rft.place=London&rft.pages=iarchive%3Aintelligencegame0000rusb%2Fpage%2F52%2Fmode%2F1up%7C52&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F59990814&rft.isbn=1-85043-338-0&rft.aulast=Rusbridger&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton-Taylor2000" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Norton-Taylor" title="Richard Norton-Taylor">Norton-Taylor, Richard</a> (3 October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/oct/03/guardianobituaries.richardnortontaylor">"Pat Pottle: Anti-war campaigner who helped spring Soviet spy George Blake from jail"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171108094824/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/oct/03/guardianobituaries.richardnortontaylor">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>insisted that their action was morally justified, and, ignoring a clear direction from the judge to convict if the charges were proved, the jury unanimously acquitted them</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pat+Pottle%3A+Anti-war+campaigner+who+helped+spring+Soviet+spy+George+Blake+from+jail&rft.date=2000-10-03&rft.aulast=Norton-Taylor&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2000%2Foct%2F03%2Fguardianobituaries.richardnortontaylor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/06/26/Activists-who-helped-free-British-double-agent-found-innocent/4390677908800/">"Activists who helped free British double agent found innocent"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/UPI" class="mw-redirect" title="UPI">UPI</a></i>. 3 July 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201227173205/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/06/26/Activists-who-helped-free-British-double-agent-found-innocent/4390677908800/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Activists+who+helped+free+British+double+agent+found+innocent&rft.date=1991-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1991%2F06%2F26%2FActivists-who-helped-free-British-double-agent-found-innocent%2F4390677908800%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sentencingcrimeandjustice.wordpress.com/2020/12/29/george-blake-1922-2020-and-our-part-in-his-escape">"George Blake (1922-2020) – and our part in his escape"</a>. 29 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+Blake+%281922-2020%29+%E2%80%93+and+our+part+in+his+escape&rft.date=2020-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsentencingcrimeandjustice.wordpress.com%2F2020%2F12%2F29%2Fgeorge-blake-1922-2020-and-our-part-in-his-escape&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoot2011" class="citation book cs1">Root, Neil (11 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0XTYDAAAQBAJ&q=sean+bourke+not+charged+ireland+refused+to+extradiet&pg=PT147"><i>Twentieth-Century Spies</i></a>. Summersdale. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857653314" title="Special:BookSources/9780857653314"><bdi>9780857653314</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515012907/https://books.google.com/books?id=0XTYDAAAQBAJ&q=sean+bourke+not+charged+ireland+refused+to+extradiet&pg=PT147">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twentieth-Century+Spies&rft.pub=Summersdale&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft.isbn=9780857653314&rft.aulast=Root&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0XTYDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsean%2Bbourke%2Bnot%2Bcharged%2Bireland%2Brefused%2Bto%2Bextradiet%26pg%3DPT147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013237-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013237_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHermiston2013">Hermiston 2013</a>, p. 237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlake1990-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlake1990_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlake1990">Blake 1990</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/double-agent-george-blake-dies-in-moscow-aged-98-fj8jk8hd2">"George Blake obituary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. London. 26 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201229083922/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/double-agent-george-blake-dies-in-moscow-aged-98-fj8jk8hd2">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=George+Blake+obituary&rft.date=2020-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fdouble-agent-george-blake-dies-in-moscow-aged-98-fj8jk8hd2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/22/newsid_3135000/3135206.stm">"1966: Double-agent breaks out of jail"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 22 October 1966. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307123607/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/22/newsid_3135000/3135206.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1966%3A+Double-agent+breaks+out+of+jail&rft.date=1966-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Foctober%2F22%2Fnewsid_3135000%2F3135206.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013332–333,_339-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston2013332–333,_339_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHermiston2013">Hermiston 2013</a>, pp. 332–333, 339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/26/obituaries/george-blake-british-spy-dead.html">"George Blake, British Spy Who Betrayed the West, Dies at 98"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 26 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190204/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/26/obituaries/george-blake-british-spy-dead.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=George+Blake%2C+British+Spy+Who+Betrayed+the+West%2C+Dies+at+98&rft.date=2020-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F12%2F26%2Fobituaries%2Fgeorge-blake-british-spy-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.5856459/george-blake-notorious-british-double-agent-for-the-soviets-dies-at-98-1.5856667">"George Blake, notorious British double-agent for the Soviets, dies at 98"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio" title="CBC Radio">CBC Radio</a>. 29 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201229223437/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.5856459/george-blake-notorious-british-double-agent-for-the-soviets-dies-at-98-1.5856667">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>The spy spoke with former As It Happens host Michael Enright in 1992 about betrayal</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=George+Blake%2C+notorious+British+double-agent+for+the+Soviets%2C+dies+at+98&rft.date=2020-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fradio%2Fasithappens%2Fas-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.5856459%2Fgeorge-blake-notorious-british-double-agent-for-the-soviets-dies-at-98-1.5856667&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/12/30/951550648/british-double-agent-george-blake-honored-at-his-moscow-funeral-as-a-russian-her">"British Double Agent George Blake Honored At His Moscow Funeral As A Russian Hero"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230233549/https://www.npr.org/2020/12/30/951550648/british-double-agent-george-blake-honored-at-his-moscow-funeral-as-a-russian-her">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=British+Double+Agent+George+Blake+Honored+At+His+Moscow+Funeral+As+A+Russian+Hero&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F12%2F30%2F951550648%2Fbritish-double-agent-george-blake-honored-at-his-moscow-funeral-as-a-russian-her&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaj_Gen_Kalugin1998" class="citation episode cs1">Maj Gen Kalugin, Oleg (1998). "Spies". <i>Cold War</i>. Season 1. Episode 21. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2865969.ece">the original</a> on 17 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+honours+traitor+George+Blake+with+tit-for-tat+birthday+medal&rft.date=2007-11-14&rft.aulast=Halpin&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Farticle2865969.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUsborne2011" class="citation news cs1">Usborne, Simon (6 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/top-secret-century-british-espionage-1798168.html">"Top secret: A century of British espionage"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201227004824/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/top-secret-century-british-espionage-1798168.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Top+secret%3A+A+century+of+British+espionage&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft.aulast=Usborne&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Ftop-secret-century-british-espionage-1798168.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-20297888">"Double agent George Blake celebrates 90th birthday"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 12 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190214/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-20297888">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Double+agent+George+Blake+celebrates+90th+birthday&rft.date=2012-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-20297888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuhn2017" class="citation news cs1">Luhn, Alec (10 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/10/russian-spies-must-save-world-warns-former-british-double-agent/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Russian spies must save the world', urges former British double agent and defector George Blake"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190210/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/10/russian-spies-must-save-world-warns-former-british-double-agent/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=%27Russian+spies+must+save+the+world%27%2C+urges+former+British+double+agent+and+defector+George+Blake&rft.date=2017-11-10&rft.aulast=Luhn&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2017%2F11%2F10%2Frussian-spies-must-save-world-warns-former-british-double-agent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsachenkov2017" class="citation news cs1">Isachenkov, Vladimir (10 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.therecord.com/news-story/7913953-ex-british-double-agent-says-russian-spies-must-save-world/">"Ex-British double agent says Russian spies must save world"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Region_Record" title="Waterloo Region Record">The Record</a></i>. Waterloo, Canada. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Record&rft.atitle=Ex-British+double+agent+says+Russian+spies+must+save+world&rft.date=2017-11-10&rft.aulast=Isachenkov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.therecord.com%2Fnews-story%2F7913953-ex-british-double-agent-says-russian-spies-must-save-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCobain2017" class="citation news cs1">Cobain, Ian (11 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/11/george-blake-russian-spies-must-save-world-from-nuclear-hell">"George Blake: Russian spies must save world from nuclear hell"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210510013005/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/11/george-blake-russian-spies-must-save-world-from-nuclear-hell">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=George+Blake%3A+Russian+spies+must+save+world+from+nuclear+hell&rft.date=2017-11-11&rft.aulast=Cobain&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fnov%2F11%2Fgeorge-blake-russian-spies-must-save-world-from-nuclear-hell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeritageIvanova2020" class="citation news cs1">Heritage, Timothy; Ivanova, Polina (26 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190213/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-people-george-blake-idUSKBN29009J">"George Blake was last in line of Cold War spies who betrayed Britain"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-people-george-blake-idUSKBN29009J">the original</a> on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=George+Blake+was+last+in+line+of+Cold+War+spies+who+betrayed+Britain&rft.date=2020-12-26&rft.aulast=Heritage&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.au=Ivanova%2C+Polina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-people-george-blake-idUSKBN29009J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCS-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBCS_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCS_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-55452313">"George Blake: Soviet Cold War spy and former MI6 officer dies in Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 26 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190212/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-55452313">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=George+Blake%3A+Soviet+Cold+War+spy+and+former+MI6+officer+dies+in+Russia&rft.date=2020-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-55452313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190256/https://www.guardian-series.co.uk/news/national-news/18970736.former-british-agent-soviet-spy-george-blake-dies-russia/">"Former British agent and Soviet spy George Blake dies in Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/East_London_and_West_Essex_Guardian_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="East London and West Essex Guardian Series">East London and West Essex Guardian Series</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Newsquest_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsquest Media Group">Newsquest Media Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/Press_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Association">Press Association</a>. 26 December 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guardian-series.co.uk/news/national-news/18970736.former-british-agent-soviet-spy-george-blake-dies-russia/">the original</a> on 26 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+London+and+West+Essex+Guardian+Series&rft.atitle=Former+British+agent+and+Soviet+spy+George+Blake+dies+in+Russia&rft.date=2020-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian-series.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnational-news%2F18970736.former-british-agent-soviet-spy-george-blake-dies-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226190219/http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64753">"Condolences on the passing of George Blake: Vladimir Putin expressed condolences to George Blake's family and friends"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a></i>. 26 December 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64753">the original</a> on 26 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=President+of+Russia&rft.atitle=Condolences+on+the+passing+of+George+Blake%3A+Vladimir+Putin+expressed+condolences+to+George+Blake%27s+family+and+friends&rft.date=2020-12-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.kremlin.ru%2Fevents%2Fpresident%2Fnews%2F64753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahimIlyushinaIddiols2020" class="citation news cs1">Rahim, Zamira; Ilyushina, Mary; Iddiols, Robert (26 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/26/europe/george-blake-spy-double-agent-dies-gbr-intl/index.html">"Infamous British-Soviet double agent George Blake dies in Moscow"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226152208/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/26/europe/george-blake-spy-double-agent-dies-gbr-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Infamous+British-Soviet+double+agent+George+Blake+dies+in+Moscow&rft.date=2020-12-26&rft.aulast=Rahim&rft.aufirst=Zamira&rft.au=Ilyushina%2C+Mary&rft.au=Iddiols%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F12%2F26%2Feurope%2Fgeorge-blake-spy-double-agent-dies-gbr-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/world/russia-buries-soviet-double-agent-george-blake-with-honors">"George Blake, British spy and Soviet double agent, buried in Russia with honours"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a></i>. Toronto. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 30 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220108111336/https://nationalpost.com/news/world/russia-buries-soviet-double-agent-george-blake-with-honors">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>. <q>Britain says Blake exposed the identities of hundreds of Western agents across Eastern Europe in the 1950s, some of whom were executed as a result of his treason</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=George+Blake%2C+British+spy+and+Soviet+double+agent%2C+buried+in+Russia+with+honours&rft.date=2020-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Frussia-buries-soviet-double-agent-george-blake-with-honors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSvetlova2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Svetlova, Anna (30 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazeta.ru/amp/social/news/2020/12/30/n_15432860.shtml">"На Троекуровском кладбище попрощались с советским разведчиком Джорджем Блейком"</a> [Farewell to Soviet spy George Blake at Troekurovskoye Cemetery]. <i>Gazeta.Ru</i> (in Russian). <q>Блейк упокоился на Аллее героев Троекуровского кладбища. На его могильной плите указано имя Георгия Ивановича Бехтера, под которым он с 1965 года жил в СССР и России.</q> [Blake was laid to rest in the Alley of Heroes of the Troekurovsky Cemetery. His tombstone bears the name Georgy Ivanovich Bekhter, under which he lived in the USSR and Russia from 1965.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gazeta.Ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0+%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D1%81+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC&rft.date=2020-12-30&rft.aulast=Svetlova&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazeta.ru%2Famp%2Fsocial%2Fnews%2F2020%2F12%2F30%2Fn_15432860.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://svr.gov.ru/smi/2020/09/monument-v-chest-rossiyskikh-razvedchikov-otkryt-v-shtab-kvartire-sluzhby-vneshney-razvedki-.htm">"Служба внешней разведки Российской Федерации"</a> [Monument in honour of Russian intelligence officers unveiled at Foreign Intelligence Service headquarters]. <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">svr.gov.ru</a></i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>Здесь же - легендарные Конон Молодый, Джордж Блейк, Алексей Козлов, прославленный начальник советской нелегальной разведки Юрий Дроздов, и др.</q> [Also here are the legendary Konon Molodoy, George Blake, Alexei Kozlov, the famous head of Soviet illegal intelligence Yuri Drozdov, and others.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=svr.gov.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsvr.gov.ru%2Fsmi%2F2020%2F09%2Fmonument-v-chest-rossiyskikh-razvedchikov-otkryt-v-shtab-kvartire-sluzhby-vneshney-razvedki-.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFle_Carré2011" class="citation book cs1">le Carré, John (7 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MFEajdUgSnMC&q=%22George+Blake%22+%22half+a+Dutchman+and+half+a+Jew%22&pg=PT11"><i>Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy: A George Smiley Novel</i></a> (1991 Paperback ed.). Introduction: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-52878-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-52878-5"><bdi>978-1-101-52878-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tinker%2C+Tailor%2C+Soldier%2C+Spy%3A+A+George+Smiley+Novel&rft.place=Introduction&rft.edition=1991+Paperback&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2011-06-07&rft.isbn=978-1-101-52878-5&rft.aulast=le+Carr%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMFEajdUgSnMC%26q%3D%2522George%2BBlake%2522%2B%2522half%2Ba%2BDutchman%2Band%2Bhalf%2Ba%2BJew%2522%26pg%3DPT11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill2012" class="citation news cs1">Hill, Amelia (21 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2012/sep/21/stephen-fry-on-stage-twelfth-night">"Stephen Fry returns to London stage 17 years after abandoning Cell Mates"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806194539/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2012/sep/21/stephen-fry-on-stage-twelfth-night">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Stephen+Fry+returns+to+London+stage+17+years+after+abandoning+Cell+Mates&rft.date=2012-09-21&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Amelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture%2F2012%2Fsep%2F21%2Fstephen-fry-on-stage-twelfth-night&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermiston201312-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermiston201312_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHermiston2013">Hermiston 2013</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000h7xr">"Drama - Breaking Blake - BBC Sounds"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123042257/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000h7xr">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=Drama+-+Breaking+Blake+-+BBC+Sounds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsounds%2Fplay%2Fm000h7xr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Blake&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake1990" class="citation book cs1">Blake, George (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nootherchoiceaut00blak"><i>No Other Choice</i></a></span>. London: <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Cape" title="Jonathan Cape">Jonathan Cape</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-224-03067-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-224-03067-1"><bdi>0-224-03067-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Other+Choice&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-224-03067-1&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnootherchoiceaut00blak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHermiston2013" class="citation book cs1">Hermiston, Roger (2013). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatesttraitors0000herm"><i>The Greatest Traitor: The Secret Lives of Agent George Blake</i></a></span>. London: <a href="/wiki/The_Quarto_Group" title="The Quarto Group">Aurum Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78131-046-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78131-046-5"><bdi>978-1-78131-046-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greatest+Traitor%3A+The+Secret+Lives+of+Agent+George+Blake&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Aurum+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-78131-046-5&rft.aulast=Hermiston&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatesttraitors0000herm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuper2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuper" title="Simon Kuper">Kuper, Simon</a> (2021). <i>The Happy Traitor. Spies, Lies and Exile in Russia: The Extraordinary Story of George Blake</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Profile_Books" title="Profile Books">Profile</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78125-937-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78125-937-5"><bdi>978-1-78125-937-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Happy+Traitor.+Spies%2C+Lies+and+Exile+in+Russia%3A+The+Extraordinary+Story+of+George+Blake&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Profile&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-78125-937-5&rft.aulast=Kuper&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Blake&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00krvrd">"George Blake Escapes"</a>. <i>Witness History</i>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a>. 23 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Witness+History&rft.atitle=George+Blake+Escapes&rft.date=2011-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fp00krvrd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourke1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Bourke" title="Sean Bourke">Bourke, Sean</a> (1970). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/springingofgeorg00bour"><i>The Springing of George Blake</i></a></span>. London: <a href="/wiki/Cassell_(publisher)" title="Cassell (publisher)">Cassell</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-93590-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-93590-5"><bdi>0-304-93590-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Springing+of+George+Blake&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-304-93590-5&rft.aulast=Bourke&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspringingofgeorg00bour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalugin1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Kalugin" title="Oleg Kalugin">Kalugin, Oleg</a> (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstdirectorate00kalu"><i>The First Directorate</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312114268" title="Special:BookSources/9780312114268"><bdi>9780312114268</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1034683217">1034683217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Directorate&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1034683217&rft.isbn=9780312114268&rft.aulast=Kalugin&rft.aufirst=Oleg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstdirectorate00kalu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStafford2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_A._T._Stafford" title="David A. T. Stafford">Stafford, David</a> (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spiesbeneathberl00staf"><i>Spies Beneath Berlin</i></a></span>. London: <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7195-6323-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7195-6323-2"><bdi>0-7195-6323-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spies+Beneath+Berlin&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7195-6323-2&rft.aulast=Stafford&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspiesbeneathberl00staf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogel2019" class="citation book cs1">Vogel, Steve (2019). <i>Betrayal in Berlin; the true story of the Cold War’s most audacious espionage operation</i>. New York: Custom House/HarperCollins. pp. <span class="nowrap">24–</span>47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-244962-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-244962-7"><bdi>978-0-06-244962-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Betrayal+in+Berlin%3B+the+true+story+of+the+Cold+War%E2%80%99s+most+audacious+espionage+operation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E24-%3C%2Fspan%3E47&rft.pub=Custom+House%2FHarperCollins&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-06-244962-7&rft.aulast=Vogel&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Allason" title="Rupert Allason">West, Nigel</a> (1991). <i>Seven Spies Who Changed the World</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Harvill_Secker" title="Harvill Secker">Secker & Warburg</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-436-56603-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-436-56603-6"><bdi>0-436-56603-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/24747407">24747407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seven+Spies+Who+Changed+the+World&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Secker+%26+Warburg&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F24747407&rft.isbn=0-436-56603-6&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Blake" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Blake&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:George_Blake" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:George Blake">George Blake</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vpro.nl/speel~POMS_VPRO_388769~de-wonderlijke-lotgevallen-van-meesterspion-george-blake-1-het-spoor-terug~.html">Radio interview (in Dutch) (OVT, VPRO) with George Blake, by Hans Olink (1999)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soviet_Spies" title="Template:Soviet Spies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soviet_Spies" title="Template talk:Soviet Spies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soviet_Spies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soviet Spies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_and_Russian_spies159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Soviet and Russian spies</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Soviet espionage in the United States">In the US</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1940s and before</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Abt" title="John Abt">John Abt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Barr" title="Joel Barr">Joel Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bentley" title="Elizabeth Bentley">Elizabeth Bentley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Browder" title="Earl Browder">Earl Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Bukov" title="Boris Bukov">Boris Bukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lona_Cohen" title="Lona Cohen">Lona Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Cohen_(spy)" title="Morris Cohen (spy)">Morris Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Coplon" title="Judith Coplon">Judith Coplon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Field" title="Noel Field">Noel Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Fuchs" title="Klaus Fuchs">Klaus Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Glasser" title="Harold Glasser">Harold Glasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Gold" title="Harry Gold">Harry Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Greenglass" title="David Greenglass">David Greenglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Hall" title="Theodore Hall">Theodore Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Herrmann" title="John Herrmann">John Herrmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Hiss" title="Donald Hiss">Donald Hiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Koval" title="George Koval">George Koval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Malisoff" title="William Malisoff">William Malisoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hede_Massing" title="Hede Massing">Hede Massing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Morros" title="Boris Morros">Boris Morros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Oggins" title="Isaiah Oggins">Isaiah Oggins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Perl" title="William Perl">William Perl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Perlo" title="Victor Perlo">Victor Perlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Peters" title="J. Peters">J. Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ward_Pigman" title="William Ward Pigman">William Ward Pigman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Pressman" title="Lee Pressman">Lee Pressman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Reno" title="Vincent Reno">Vincent Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg" title="Julius and Ethel Rosenberg">Julius and Ethel Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sarant" title="Alfred Sarant">Alfred Sarant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saville_Sax" title="Saville Sax">Saville Sax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Sobell" title="Morton Sobell">Morton Sobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ulanovsky" title="Alexander Ulanovsky">Alexander Ulanovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadezhda_Ulanovskaya" title="Nadezhda Ulanovskaya">Nadezhda Ulanovskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Wadleigh" title="Julian Wadleigh">Julian Wadleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Ware" title="Harold Ware">Harold Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weisband" title="Bill Weisband">Bill Weisband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Weyl" title="Nathaniel Weyl">Nathaniel Weyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Dexter_White" title="Harry Dexter White">Harry Dexter White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Wicher" title="Maria Wicher">Maria Wicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Witt" title="Nathan Witt">Nathan Witt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Wovschin" title="Flora Wovschin">Flora Wovschin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoli_Yatskov" title="Anatoli Yatskov">Anatoli Yatskov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_espionage" title="Cold War espionage">Cold War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Abel" title="Rudolf Abel">Rudolf Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldrich_Ames" title="Aldrich Ames">Aldrich Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sheldon_Boone" title="David Sheldon Boone">David Sheldon Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_John_Boyce" title="Christopher John Boyce">Christopher John Boyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Patrick_Cavanaugh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh">Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dunlap" title="Jack Dunlap">Jack Dunlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hall_III" title="James Hall III">James Hall III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hanssen" title="Robert Hanssen">Robert Hanssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reino_H%C3%A4yh%C3%A4nen" title="Reino Häyhänen">Reino Häyhänen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lee_Howard" title="Edward Lee Howard">Edward Lee Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lee_Johnson_(spy)" title="Robert Lee Johnson (spy)">Robert Lee Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Koecher" title="Karl Koecher">Karl Koecher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Daulton_Lee" title="Andrew Daulton Lee">Andrew Daulton Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lipka" title="Robert Lipka">Robert Lipka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_J._Lonetree" title="Clayton J. Lonetree">Clayton J. Lonetree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Miller_(agent)" title="Richard Miller (agent)">Richard Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Pelton" title="Ronald Pelton">Ronald Pelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Edwin_Pitts" title="Earl Edwin Pitts">Earl Edwin Pitts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Soble" title="Jack Soble">Jack Soble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Soble" title="Myra Soble">Myra Soble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Soblen" title="Robert Soblen">Robert Soblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Seborer" title="Oscar Seborer">Oscar Seborer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Thompson_(spy)" title="Robert Thompson (spy)">Robert Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Trofimoff" title="George Trofimoff">George Trofimoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anthony_Walker" title="John Anthony Walker">John Anthony Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Whitworth" title="Jerry Whitworth">Jerry Whitworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Post-Soviet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Buryakov" title="Evgeny Buryakov">Evgeny Buryakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Chapman" title="Anna Chapman">Anna Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debbins" title="Peter Debbins">Peter Debbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hanssen" title="Robert Hanssen">Robert Hanssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_James_Nicholson" title="Harold James Nicholson">Harold James Nicholson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Illegals_Program" title="Illegals Program">Illegals Program</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Five" title="Cambridge Five">Cambridge Five</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Blunt" title="Anthony Blunt">Anthony Blunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Burgess" title="Guy Burgess">Guy Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cairncross" title="John Cairncross">John Cairncross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(spy)" title="Donald Maclean (spy)">Donald Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Philby" title="Kim Philby">Kim Philby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Portland_spy_ring" title="Portland spy ring">Portland spy ring</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lona_Cohen" title="Lona Cohen">Lona Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Cohen_(spy)" title="Morris Cohen (spy)">Morris Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Gee" title="Ethel Gee">Ethel Gee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Houghton" title="Harry Houghton">Harry Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konon_Molody" title="Konon Molody">Konon Molody</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bettaney" title="Michael Bettaney">Michael Bettaney</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Crook" title="David Crook">David Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litzi_Friedmann" title="Litzi Friedmann">Litzi Friedmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Fuchs" title="Klaus Fuchs">Klaus Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Glading" title="Percy Glading">Percy Glading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melita_Norwood" title="Melita Norwood">Melita Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Nunn_May" title="Alan Nunn May">Alan Nunn May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peet_(1915%E2%80%931988)" title="John Peet (1915–1988)">John Peet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Prime" title="Geoffrey Prime">Geoffrey Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goronwy_Rees" title="Goronwy Rees">Goronwy Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_John_Smith_(espionage)" title="Michael John Smith (espionage)">Michael John Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Springhall" title="Dave Springhall">Dave Springhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Symonds" title="John Alexander Symonds">John Alexander Symonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Tudor-Hart" title="Edith Tudor-Hart">Edith Tudor-Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Vassall" title="John Vassall">John Vassall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wynn" title="Arthur Wynn">Arthur Wynn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Carr" title="Sam Carr">Sam Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Delisle" title="Jeffrey Delisle">Jeffrey Delisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Gouzenko" title="Igor Gouzenko">Igor Gouzenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Miller" title="Elena Miller">Elena Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerda_Munsinger" title="Gerda Munsinger">Gerda Munsinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Joseph_Ratkai" title="Stephen Joseph Ratkai">Stephen Joseph Ratkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Rose_(politician)" title="Fred Rose (politician)">Fred Rose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirohide_Ishida" title="Hirohide Ishida">Hirohide Ishida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yotoku_Miyagi" title="Yotoku Miyagi">Yotoku Miyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanz%C5%8D_Nosaka" title="Sanzō Nosaka">Sanzō Nosaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotsumi_Ozaki" title="Hotsumi Ozaki">Hotsumi Ozaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABz%C5%8D_Sejima" title="Ryūzō Sejima">Ryūzō Sejima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere /<br />in combination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gregory_Barmine" title="Alexander Gregory Barmine">Alexander 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<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sorge" title="Richard Sorge">Richard Sorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Treholt" title="Arne Treholt">Arne Treholt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stig_Wennerstr%C3%B6m_(colonel)" title="Stig Wennerström (colonel)">Stig Wennerström</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775915#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1849" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118663690">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50008527">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121838424">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121838424">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000700182&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p08147475X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000092510&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810571332305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007463475205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06571638?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td 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