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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Donald_Maclean_and_Guy_Burgess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donald_Maclean_and_Guy_Burgess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donald_Maclean_and_Guy_Burgess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kim_Philby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kim_Philby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Kim Philby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kim_Philby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anthony_Blunt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anthony_Blunt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Anthony Blunt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anthony_Blunt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-John_Cairncross" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#John_Cairncross"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>John Cairncross</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-John_Cairncross-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attempted_coverup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempted_coverup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Attempted coverup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attempted_coverup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alleged_additional_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alleged_additional_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Alleged additional members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alleged_additional_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambridge Five</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge-5" title="Cambridge-5 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Cambridge-5" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AC" title="خماسي كامبريدج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خماسي كامبريدج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кембрыджская пяцёрка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кембрыджская пяцёрка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Five" title="Cambridge Five – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cambridge Five" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Five" title="Cambridge Five – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cambridge Five" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%27i_viisik" title="Cambridge'i viisik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Cambridge'i viisik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_cinco_de_Cambridge" title="Los cinco de Cambridge – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Los cinco de Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembri%C4%9Da_Kvinopo" title="Kembriĝa Kvinopo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kembriĝa Kvinopo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridgeko_bostak" title="Cambridgeko bostak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cambridgeko bostak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="حلقه جاسوسان کمبریج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حلقه جاسوسان کمبریج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinq_de_Cambridge" title="Cinq de Cambridge – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cinq de Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%9E%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80_5%EC%9D%B8" title="케임브리지 5인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="케임브리지 5인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Քեմբրիջյան հնգյակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քեմբրիջյան հնգյակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima_Cambridge" title="Lima Cambridge – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lima Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinque_di_Cambridge" title="Cinque di Cambridge – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cinque di Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%92%27" title="רשת קיימברידג' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רשת קיימברידג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge-i_%C3%B6t%C3%B6k" title="Cambridge-i ötök – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cambridge-i ötök" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Five" title="Cambridge Five – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cambridge Five" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B4" title="ケンブリッジ・ファイヴ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケンブリッジ・ファイヴ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Five" title="Cambridge Five – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cambridge Five" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembrij_beshligi" title="Kembrij beshligi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kembrij beshligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siatka_szpiegowska_Cambridge" title="Siatka szpiegowska Cambridge – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Siatka szpiegowska Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Five" title="Cambridge Five – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cambridge Five" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cei_Cinci_de_la_Cambridge" title="Cei Cinci de la Cambridge – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cei Cinci de la Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кембриджская пятёрка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кембриджская пятёрка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Five" title="Cambridge Five – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cambridge Five" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%9F%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кембриџка петорка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кембриџка петорка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridgen_viisikko" title="Cambridgen viisikko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cambridgen viisikko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Four" title="Cambridge Four – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cambridge Four" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Be%C5%9Flisi" title="Cambridge Beşlisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cambridge Beşlisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кембриджська п'ятірка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кембриджська п'ятірка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E4%BA%94%E4%BA%BA%E7%B5%84" title="劍橋五人組 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="劍橋五人組" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q656544#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/The_Soviet_Union_1990_CPA_6266_stamp_%28Soviet_Intelligence_Agents._Kim_Philby%29.jpg/240px-The_Soviet_Union_1990_CPA_6266_stamp_%28Soviet_Intelligence_Agents._Kim_Philby%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/The_Soviet_Union_1990_CPA_6266_stamp_%28Soviet_Intelligence_Agents._Kim_Philby%29.jpg/360px-The_Soviet_Union_1990_CPA_6266_stamp_%28Soviet_Intelligence_Agents._Kim_Philby%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/The_Soviet_Union_1990_CPA_6266_stamp_%28Soviet_Intelligence_Agents._Kim_Philby%29.jpg/480px-The_Soviet_Union_1990_CPA_6266_stamp_%28Soviet_Intelligence_Agents._Kim_Philby%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kim_Philby" title="Kim Philby">Kim Philby</a>, as depicted on a Soviet Union stamp</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Cambridge Five</b> was a ring of spies in the United Kingdom that passed information to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and was active from the 1930s until at least the early 1950s. None of the known members were ever prosecuted for spying. The number and membership of the ring emerged slowly, from the 1950s onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The general public first became aware of the conspiracy in 1951 after the sudden flight of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(spy)" title="Donald Maclean (spy)">Donald Maclean</a> (1913–1983, <a href="/wiki/Cryptonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptonym">codename</a> Homer) and <a href="/wiki/Guy_Burgess" title="Guy Burgess">Guy Burgess</a> (1911–1963, codename Hicks) to the Soviet Union. Suspicion immediately fell on <a href="/wiki/Kim_Philby" title="Kim Philby">Kim Philby</a> (1912–1988, codenames Sonny, Stanley), who eventually fled to the Soviet Union in 1963. Following Philby's flight, <a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">British intelligence</a> obtained confessions from <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Blunt" title="Anthony Blunt">Anthony Blunt</a> (1907–1983, codename Johnson) and then <a href="/wiki/John_Cairncross" title="John Cairncross">John Cairncross</a> (1913–1995, codename Liszt), who have come to be seen as the last two of a group of five. Their involvement was kept secret for many years: until 1979 for Blunt, and 1990 for Cairncross. The moniker <b>Cambridge Four</b> evolved to become the Cambridge Five after Cairncross was added.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group were recruited by the <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> during their education at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> in the 1930s, but the exact timing is debated. Blunt claimed they were not recruited as agents until after they had graduated. A <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellow</a> of <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College</a>, Blunt was several years older than Burgess, Maclean and Philby; he acted as a talent-spotter and recruiter.<sup id="cite_ref-independent.co.uk_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent.co.uk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The five were convinced that the <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Communism">Soviet communism</a> was the best available political system and the best defence against <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a>. All pursued successful careers in branches of the <a href="/wiki/British_government" class="mw-redirect" title="British government">British government</a>. They passed large amounts of intelligence to the Soviets, so much so that the KGB became suspicious that at least some of it was false. Perhaps as important as the specific state secrets was the demoralising effect to the <a href="/wiki/The_Establishment" title="The Establishment">British establishment</a> of their slow unmasking and the mistrust in British security this caused in the United States. </p><p><a href="#Alleged_additional_members">Many others</a> have also been accused of membership in the Cambridge ring. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Five&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following five supplied intelligence to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> under their NKVD controller, <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Modin" title="Yuri Modin">Yuri Modin</a>, who later reported that <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">Soviet intelligence</a> mistrusted the Cambridge double agents during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> and had difficulty believing that the men would have access to top secret documents; they were particularly suspicious of <a href="/wiki/Kim_Philby" title="Kim Philby">Harold "Kim" Philby</a>, wondering how he could have become a British intelligence officer given his <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> past. One report later stated, "About half the documents the British spies sent to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> were never even read" due to Soviet paranoia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the Soviets received a great deal of secret information—1,771 documents from Blunt, 4,605 from Burgess, 4,593 from MacLean and 5,832 from Cairncross—from 1941 until 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donald_Maclean_and_Guy_Burgess">Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Five&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(spy)" title="Donald Maclean (spy)">Donald Maclean</a> met <a href="/wiki/Guy_Burgess" title="Guy Burgess">Guy Burgess</a> as a student at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> in the early 1930s. Having both disagreed with the idea of <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>, they were recruited by Soviet intelligence operatives and became undercover agents. Maclean began delivering information to the Soviet operatives as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">Foreign Office</a> in 1934. Burgess also began supplying information from various positions between 1936 and 1944, first as a <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> correspondent, then as an active member of <a href="/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret Intelligence Service">British intelligence</a>, and then finally as a member of the Foreign Office.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maclean and Burgess were reportedly seen by their Soviet handlers as "hopeless drunks" as they had a hard time keeping their secret occupations to themselves. It is said that one time, while highly intoxicated, Burgess accidentally dropped one of the secret files he had taken from the Foreign Office while leaving a pub, jeopardizing his second identity. Maclean was also known to have leaked information about his secret activities to his brother and close friends. But although they struggled to keep secrets, that did not stop them from delivering information; Burgess reportedly handed over about 389 top secret documents to the Soviets within the early part of 1945, along with an additional 168 documents in December 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1934 and 1951, Maclean passed numerous secrets to Moscow. The lack of detection was due to the refusal of British intelligence to listen to warnings from the US, "even after the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> had established that an agent code-named Homer had been operating inside the British embassy in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a> during the war", according to a review of MacLean's biography by Roland Philipps.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Philby, when he was posted in the British embassy in Washington after the war, learned that American and British authorities were searching for a <a href="/wiki/Mole_(espionage)" title="Mole (espionage)">mole</a> (cryptonym Homer) in the British embassy who was passing information to the Soviets, relying on material uncovered by the <a href="/wiki/Venona_project" title="Venona project">Venona project</a>. He further learned one of the suspects was Maclean. Realizing he had to act fast, he ordered Burgess, who was also on the embassy staff and living with Philby, to warn Maclean in England. Burgess was recalled from the US because of "bad behaviour" and, upon reaching <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, warned Maclean. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burgess_and_Maclean_CP_in_Samara,_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Burgess_and_Maclean_CP_in_Samara%2C_Russia.jpg/200px-Burgess_and_Maclean_CP_in_Samara%2C_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Burgess_and_Maclean_CP_in_Samara%2C_Russia.jpg/300px-Burgess_and_Maclean_CP_in_Samara%2C_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Burgess_and_Maclean_CP_in_Samara%2C_Russia.jpg/400px-Burgess_and_Maclean_CP_in_Samara%2C_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption> House 179 at <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Frunze" title="Mikhail Frunze">Frunze</a> Street, <a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a>, where Burgess and Maclean lived covertly in 1952–1955, commemorative plaque later installed</figcaption></figure> <p>Burgess and Maclean disappeared in the summer of 1951, and spent most of the next four years living covertly in <a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Kuybyshev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their whereabouts were unclear for some time and their defection was not confirmed until 1956 when the two appeared at a press conference in Moscow. Though Burgess was not supposed to defect at the same time as Maclean, it has been claimed that he had been ordered to do so by his controllers in Moscow. The move immediately cast suspicion upon Philby because of his close association with Burgess; many speculate that had the defection proceeded differently, Philby could have climbed even higher within British intelligence.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Philby_Files_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Philby_Files-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Russia honoured Burgess and Maclean in a ceremony; a plaque was attached to the building where they had lived in the 1950s. The head of Russia's <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">Foreign Intelligence Service</a> (SVR) praised the duo on <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> for "having supplied Soviet intelligence with the most important information for more than 20 years, [making] a significant contribution to the victory over fascism, the protection of our strategic interests and ensuring the safety of our country".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A book review in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Purvis" title="Stewart Purvis">Stewart Purvis</a> and Jeff Hulbert's biography of Burgess included this conclusion: "[leaving] us all the more astonished that such a smelly, scruffy, lying, gabby, promiscuous, drunken slob could penetrate the heart of the establishment without anyone apparently noticing that he was also a Soviet masterspy".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lownie" title="Andrew Lownie">Andrew Lownie</a>'s biography of Burgess, <i><a href="/wiki/Stalin%27s_Englishman" title="Stalin's Englishman">Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess</a></i>, argues that he was perhaps the most influential of all the members of the Cambridge Five. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kim_Philby">Kim Philby</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Five&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kim Philby"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kim_Philby" title="Kim Philby">Harold "Kim" Philby</a> was a senior officer in Britain's Secret Intelligence Service, known as <a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a>, who began to spy for the Soviet Union in 1934. He was known for passing more than 900 British documents over to the NKVD and its successor, the <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a>. He served as a <a href="/wiki/Double_agent" title="Double agent">double agent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the flight of Maclean and Burgess, an investigation of Philby found several suspicious matters but nothing for which he could be prosecuted. Nevertheless, he was forced to resign from MI6. In 1955 he was named in the press, with questions also raised in the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a>, as chief suspect for "the Third Man" and he called a <a href="/wiki/News_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="News conference">press conference</a> to deny the allegation. That same year, Philby was ruled out as a suspect when British Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan cleared him of all charges.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the later 1950s, Philby left the Secret Service and began working as a journalist in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, writing for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>. MI6 then re-employed him at around the same time to provide reports from that region. </p><p>In 1961, defector <a href="/wiki/Anatoliy_Golitsyn" title="Anatoliy Golitsyn">Anatoliy Golitsyn</a> provided information which pointed to Philby. An MI6 officer and friend of Philby from his earlier MI6 days, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Elliott" title="Nicholas Elliott">Nicholas Elliott</a>, was sent in 1963 to interview him in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> and reported that Philby seemed to know he was coming (indicating the presence of yet another mole in MI6). Nonetheless, Philby allegedly confessed to Elliott. </p><p>Shortly afterwards, apparently fearing he might be abducted in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, Philby defected to the Soviet Union under cover of night aboard a Soviet freighter. For the first seven years in Moscow, he was under virtual house arrest since the Soviets were concerned that he might defect back to the West. According to an article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, he was given no rank nor an office. In fact, "for the most part, Philby was frozen out, his suggestions ignored ... This ruined his life".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his death, however, Philby was awarded a number of medals by the Soviets.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anthony_Blunt">Anthony Blunt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Five&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Anthony Blunt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Blunt" title="Anthony Blunt">Anthony Blunt</a> was a former <a href="/wiki/Surveyor_of_the_Queen%27s_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures">Surveyor of the King's Pictures</a> and later Queen's Pictures for the royal art collection. He served as an <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a> member and supplied secret information to the KGB, while also providing warnings to fellow agents of certain counterintelligence that could potentially endanger them.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964, MI5 received information from the American <a href="/wiki/Michael_Whitney_Straight" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Whitney Straight">Michael Whitney Straight</a> pointing to Blunt's espionage; the two had known each other at Cambridge some thirty years before and Blunt recruited Straight as a spy. </p><p>Blunt was interrogated by MI5 and confessed in exchange for immunity from prosecution. As he was—by 1964—without access to classified information, he had secretly been granted immunity by the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General">Attorney General</a>, in exchange for revealing everything he knew. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wright_(MI5_officer)" title="Peter Wright (MI5 officer)">Peter Wright</a>, one of Blunt's interrogators, describes in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Spycatcher" title="Spycatcher">Spycatcher</a></i> how Blunt was evasive and only made admissions grudgingly, when confronted with the undeniable. </p><p>By 1979, Blunt was publicly accused of being a Soviet agent by <a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigative journalist">investigative journalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Boyle_(journalist)" title="Andrew Boyle (journalist)">Andrew Boyle</a>, in his book <i>Climate of Treason</i>. In November 1979, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> admitted to the House of Commons that Blunt had confessed to being a Soviet spy fifteen years previously. </p><p>The term "Five" began to be used in 1961, when KGB defector <a href="/wiki/Anatoliy_Golitsyn" title="Anatoliy Golitsyn">Anatoliy Golitsyn</a> named Maclean and Burgess as part of a "Ring of Five", with Philby a 'probable' third, alongside two other agents whom he did not know. </p><p>Of all the information provided by Golitsyn, the only item that was ever independently confirmed was the Soviet affiliation of <a href="/wiki/John_Vassall" title="John Vassall">John Vassall</a>. Vassall was a relatively low-ranking spy who some researchers<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (December 2013)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> believe may have been sacrificed to protect a more senior one. </p><p>At the time of Golitsyn's defection, Philby had already been accused in the press and was living in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, Lebanon, a country with no extradition agreement with Britain. Select members of <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a> and MI6 already knew Philby to be a spy from Venona project decryptions. Golitsyn also provided other information, such as the claim that <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a> (then Prime Minister) was a KGB agent. </p><p>Golitsyn's reliability remains a controversial subject and as such, there is little certainty of the number of agents he assigned to the Cambridge spy ring. To add to the confusion, when Blunt finally confessed, he named several other people<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (February 2011)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> as having been recruited by him. </p><p>Blunt wrote his memoirs but insisted they not be released until 25 years after his death. They were made public by the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a> in 2009. The manuscript indicated that he regretted having passed information to the Soviets because of the way it eventually affected his life, that he believed that the government would never reveal his treachery and that he had dismissed suicide as "cowardly".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Andrew_(historian)" title="Christopher Andrew (historian)">Christopher Andrew</a> felt that the regret was shallow, and that he found an "unwillingness to acknowledge the evil he had served in spying for Stalin".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="John_Cairncross">John Cairncross</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Five&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: John Cairncross"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Cairncross" title="John Cairncross">John Cairncross</a> was known as a British literary scholar until he was later identified as a Soviet <a href="/wiki/Atomic_spies" title="Atomic spies">atomic spy</a>. While a civil servant in the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Office">Foreign Office</a>, he was recruited in 1937 by <a href="/wiki/James_Klugmann" title="James Klugmann">James Klugmann</a> to become a Soviet spy. He moved to the Treasury in 1938 but transferred once again to the Cabinet Office in 1940 where he served as the private secretary of Sir <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Hankey,_1st_Baron_Hankey" title="Maurice Hankey, 1st Baron Hankey">Maurice Hankey</a>, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster at that time. In May 1942, he transferred to the British <a href="/wiki/Cryptanalysis" title="Cryptanalysis">cryptanalysis</a> agency, the <a href="/wiki/Government_Code_and_Cypher_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Code and Cypher School">Government Code and Cypher School</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Bletchley_Park" title="Bletchley Park">Bletchley Park</a> and then, in 1943, to <a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a>. Following World War II, it is said that Cairncross leaked information regarding the new NATO alliance to the Soviets.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the basis of the information provided by Golitsyn, speculations raged on for many years as to the identity of the "Fifth Man". The journalistic popularity of this phrase owes something to the unrelated novels <i><a href="/wiki/The_Third_Man" title="The Third Man">The Third Man</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tenth_Man_(novel)" title="The Tenth Man (novel)">The Tenth Man</a></i>, written by <a href="/wiki/Graham_Greene" title="Graham Greene">Graham Greene</a> who, coincidentally, worked with Philby and Cairncross during the Second World War. </p><p>Cairncross confessed to having been a spy for the Soviets in a 1964 meeting with MI6 that was kept secret for some years.<sup id="cite_ref-OBITUARIES:_John_Cairncross_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBITUARIES:_John_Cairncross-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was given immunity from prosecution. </p><p>The public became aware of his treachery in December 1979, however, when Cairncross made a public confession to journalist <a href="/wiki/Barrie_Penrose" title="Barrie Penrose">Barrie Penrose</a>. The news was widely publicized leading many to surmise that he was in fact the "fifth man"; that was confirmed in 1989 by KGB agent <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Gordievsky" title="Oleg Gordievsky">Oleg Gordievsky</a> who had defected to Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-OBITUARIES:_John_Cairncross_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBITUARIES:_John_Cairncross-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His designation as the fifth man was also confirmed in former KGB agent <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Modin" title="Yuri Modin">Yuri Modin's</a> book published in 1994: <i>My Five Cambridge Friends: Burgess, Maclean, Philby, Blunt, and Cairncross</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cairncross is not always considered to have been part of the 'Ring of Five'. Though a student at the University of Cambridge, he only knew Blunt, who was by then teaching modern languages. By 1934, when Cairncross arrived at Cambridge, the other three members of the ring had already graduated.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The most important agent talent spotted by Blunt was the Fifth Man, the Trinity undergraduate John Cairncross. Together with Philby, Burgess, Blunt and Maclean, he is remembered by the Center (Moscow KGB Headquarters) as one of the Magnificent Five, the ablest group of foreign agents in KGB history. Though Cairncross is the last of the five to be publicly identified, he successfully penetrated a greater variety of the corridors of power and intelligence than any of the other four.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Andrew_(historian)" title="Christopher Andrew (historian)">Christopher Andrew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Gordievsky" title="Oleg Gordievsky">Oleg Gordievsky</a>, <i>KGB, The Inside Story</i>. "Chapter 6: Sigint, Agent Penetration, and the Magnificent Five from Cambridge (1930–39)"</cite></div></blockquote><p> This reference suggests the KGB itself recognized Cairncross as the fifth man (found by Gordievsky while doing research on the history of the KGB). </p><p>A few sources, however, believe that the "fifth man" was <a href="/wiki/Victor_Rothschild,_3rd_Baron_Rothschild" title="Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild">Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild</a>. In his book <i>The Fifth Man</i>, Roland Perry asserts this claim. After the book was published, former KGB controller Yuri Modin denied ever having named Rothschild as "any kind of Soviet agent". Modin's own book's title clarifies the name of all five of the Cambridge spy group: <i>My Five Cambridge Friends: Burgess, Maclean, Philby, Blunt, and Cairncross by Their KGB Controller</i>. Since Rothschild had died prior to the publication of the Perry book, the family was unable to start a libel action.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 1991 interview with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mail_on_Sunday" title="The Mail on Sunday">The Mail on Sunday</a></i>, Cairncross explained how he had forwarded information to Moscow during WWII and boasted that it "helped the Soviets to win that battle (the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a>) against the Germans". Cairncross did not view himself as one of the Cambridge Five, insisting that the information he sent to Moscow was not harmful to Britain and that he had remained loyal to his homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike many other spies, he was never charged with passing information to Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attempted_coverup">Attempted coverup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Five&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Attempted coverup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For unknown reasons, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Alec Douglas-Home</a> was not advised of Anthony Blunt's spying, although the Queen and Home Secretary <a href="/wiki/Henry_Brooke,_Baron_Brooke_of_Cumnor" title="Henry Brooke, Baron Brooke of Cumnor">Henry Brooke</a> were informed. It was only in November 1979 that then-PM <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> formally advised Parliament of Blunt's treachery and the immunity deal that had been arranged 15 years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2015 article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> discussed "400 top-secret documents which have been released at the <a href="/wiki/National_archives" title="National archives">National Archives</a>" and indicated that MI5 and MI6 had worked diligently to prevent information about the five from being disclosed, "to the British public and even to the US government".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2016 review of a new book about Burgess added that "more than 20% of files relating to the spies, most of whom defected more than 50 years ago, remain closed". In conclusion, the review stated that "the Foreign Office, MI6 and MI5 all have an interest in covering up, to protect themselves from huge embarrassment" and that "more taxpayers' money is spent by Whitehall officials in the futile attempt to keep the files under lock and key for ever".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-year_rule#United_Kingdom" title="Thirty-year rule">30-year rule</a>, the 400 documents should have been made available years earlier. It was particularly surprising that 20 per cent of the information was redacted or not released. A news item at the time stated that "it is clear the full story of the Cambridge Spies has not yet emerged". A summary of the documents indicated that they showed that "inaction and incompetence on the part of the authorities enabled Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean to make their escape to Moscow".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additional secret files were finally released to the National Archives in 2020. They indicated that the government had intentionally conducted a campaign to keep Kim Philby's spying confidential "to minimise political embarrassment" and prevented the publication of his memoirs according to a report by <i>The Guardian</i>. Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to journalist <a href="/wiki/Murray_Sayle" title="Murray Sayle">Murray Sayle</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. Philby confirmed that he had worked for the KGB and that "his purpose in life was to destroy imperialism". This revelation raised concerns that Blunt's spying would also be revealed to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alleged_additional_members">Alleged additional members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Five&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Alleged additional members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blunt and Burgess were both members of the <a href="/wiki/University_Pitt_Club" title="University Pitt Club">University Pitt Club</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Apostles" title="Cambridge Apostles">Cambridge Apostles</a>, exclusive <a href="/wiki/Secret_society" title="Secret society">secret societies</a> at Cambridge University.<sup id="cite_ref-King's_College_Cambridge_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King's_College_Cambridge-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Apostles have been suspected of having spied for the Soviets. </p><p>Some researchers believe the spy ring had more than five, or different, members. Several of the following have been alleged to be possible Soviet spies:<sup id="cite_ref-candrew_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-candrew-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Hollis" title="Roger Hollis">Roger Hollis</a>, the Director-General of MI5 from 1956 to 1965, was accused of being the (then) Fifth Man by his subordinate <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wright_(MI5_officer)" title="Peter Wright (MI5 officer)">Peter Wright</a> in his notorious tell-all autobiography <i><a href="/wiki/Spycatcher" title="Spycatcher">Spycatcher</a></i> in 1987, 14 years after Hollis's death.<sup id="cite_ref-spyc_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spyc-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Chapman_Pincher" title="Chapman Pincher">Chapman Pincher</a> had made the same allegation in 1981. These allegations have been dismissed by some other journalists and historians,<sup id="cite_ref-candrew_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-candrew-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-macint_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macint-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the issue remains debated and has not been settled.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Rothschild,_3rd_Baron_Rothschild" title="Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild">Baron Rothschild</a> was named by <a href="/wiki/Roland_Perry" title="Roland Perry">Roland Perry</a> in his book <i>The Fifth Man</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>Spycatcher</i>, Rothschild had been friendly with Burgess as an undergraduate, and had originally owned the lease on a house off Welbeck Street, No. 5 Bentinck Street, where Blunt and Burgess both lived during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was supposedly confirmed by Yuri Modin, the alleged controller of the five, who—according to Perry—had claimed Cairncross was never part of the group.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in reviewing Perry's book, commentator Sheila Kerr pointed out that as soon as the book came out, Modin denied Perry's version of their discussions (having already stated that the fifth man was Cairncross), and concluded that "Perry's case against Rothschild is unconvincing because of dubious sources and slack methods".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Straight" title="Michael Straight">Michael Straight</a> was a suspected Cambridge Apostle and self-confessed spy.<sup id="cite_ref-King's_College_Cambridge_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King's_College_Cambridge-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Leonard Henry (Leo) Long was accused by Blunt in 1964. Blunt claimed to have recruited Long to the Communist cause while Blunt was his tutor at Cambridge. Long served as an intelligence officer with <a href="/wiki/MI14" title="MI14">MI14</a> from 1940 to 1945, and later with the British element of the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied Control Commission">Allied Control Commission</a> in <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupied Germany</a> from 1945 to 1952. Long passed analyses but not original material relating to the Eastern Front to Blunt.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blunt also was associated with other Cambridge persons subsequently involved in espionage (Michael Straight, Peter Ashby, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Simon" title="Brian Simon">Brian Simon</a>) but they are generally considered as minor figures as compared to the "Cambridge Five".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Liddell" title="Guy Liddell">Guy Liddell</a> was an MI5 officer and nearly rose to become director of the service but was passed over because of rumours he was a double agent; he took early retirement from MI5 in 1953 after he was investigated for his personal links to Philby. He was accused of having been the "fifth man" by <a href="/wiki/Goronwy_Rees" title="Goronwy Rees">Goronwy Rees</a> as part of Rees' confession in 1979. The academic consensus is that he was naïve in his friendships rather than a spy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASF_Gow" class="mw-redirect" title="ASF Gow">Andrew Gow</a>: in his memoirs published in 2012, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Sewell" title="Brian Sewell">Brian Sewell</a> suggested that Gow was the "fifth man" and spymaster of the group.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suggestion was subsequently refuted by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Powell" title="Anthony Powell">Anthony Powell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Basil_Mann" title="Wilfrid Basil Mann">Wilfrid Basil Mann</a>: Mann had been accused on several occasions of being the "fifth man", based on rumoured former work at the Embassy and the resemblance between his name and the "Basil" of Boyle's codename.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his memoirs, Mann argued using contemporary correspondence, publications, and verified passport entries that he was incapable of having worked with Donald Maclean in the British Embassy. As part of his hiring at the Bureau of Standards, Mann underwent intense security screening and received a top-level "Q" clearance from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">U.S. Atomic Energy Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Five&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Books</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tinker_Tailor_Soldier_Spy" title="Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy">Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy</a></i> (New York 1974). <a href="/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9" title="John le Carré">John le Carré</a>'s novelisation of his experiences of the revelations in the 1950s and the 1960s which exposed the Cambridge Five traitors.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Perfect_Spy" title="A Perfect Spy">A Perfect Spy</a></i>, by John le Carré (New York 1986). Events in the life of the character Magnus Pym are partly based upon the life and career of Kim Philby.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_Russia,_with_Love_(novel)" title="From Russia, with Love (novel)">From Russia with Love</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a> contains several references to Burgess and Maclean while Soviet characters discuss then-contemporary espionage-related scandals. In Chapter 11, <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> himself says that what is needed in the atomic age is the 'intellectual spy', before mentioning the treacherous pair directly, though admits to only doing so in order to annoy a superior.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Untouchable_(novel)" title="The Untouchable (novel)">The Untouchable</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Banville" title="John Banville">John Banville</a>. The character Victor Maskell seems to be a combination of Anthony Blunt and poet <a href="/wiki/Louis_MacNeice" title="Louis MacNeice">Louis MacNeice</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a>'s graphic novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_League_of_Extraordinary_Gentlemen:_Black_Dossier" title="The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Black Dossier">The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Black Dossier</a></i>, there appears a Cambridge Five analogue consisting of the Famous Five from <a href="/wiki/Greyfriars_School" title="Greyfriars School">Greyfriars School</a>, including Harry Wharton, who became <a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_(Nineteen_Eighty-Four)" title="Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty-Four)">Big Brother</a>; Bob <a href="/wiki/Kim_(novel)" title="Kim (novel)">Kim</a> Cherry (named after Kim Philby), who was also known as <a href="/wiki/The_Third_Man" title="The Third Man">Harry Lime</a> and subsequently <a href="/wiki/M_(James_Bond)" title="M (James Bond)">M</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mother_(The_Avengers)" title="Mother (The Avengers)">Mother</a>; <a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_U.N.C.L.E." title="The Man from U.N.C.L.E.">Francis Alexander Waverly</a> (possibly formerly known as Frank Nugent); and <a href="/wiki/Emma_Peel" title="Emma Peel">Sir John Night</a> (possibly formerly known as John Bull).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fourth_Protocol" title="The Fourth Protocol">The Fourth Protocol</a></i>, a novel by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Forsyth" title="Frederick Forsyth">Frederick Forsyth</a>, uses a fictionalised Kim Philby as a central character, who conspires to smuggle a portable nuclear weapon into Britain.</li> <li>Burgess, Maclean and Philby appear in the <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Doctor_Adventures" title="Eighth Doctor Adventures">Eighth Doctor Adventures</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/Endgame_(Doctor_Who)" class="mw-redirect" title="Endgame (Doctor Who)">Endgame</a></i> dealing with their defection to Russia.</li> <li>Philby appears in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Woman_(Daniel_Silva_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Other Woman (Daniel Silva novel)">The Other Woman</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Allon" title="Gabriel Allon">Gabriel Allon</a> series by novelist <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Silva_(novelist)" title="Daniel Silva (novelist)">Daniel Silva</a></li> <li>The plot of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cumming" title="Charles Cumming">Charles Cumming</a>'s 2011 novel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_Six" title="The Trinity Six">The Trinity Six</a></i>, is built on the premise that there was a sixth spy and that his existence is being covered up by MI6.</li></ul> <p><b>Television</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hour_(BBC_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hour (BBC TV series)"><i>The Hour</i></a> (BBC TV series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Potter" title="Dennis Potter">Dennis Potter</a>'s television play <i><a href="/wiki/Traitor_(TV_drama)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traitor (TV drama)">Traitor</a></i> (1971) is a spy drama television film that features a central character called Adrian Harris (<a href="/wiki/John_Le_Mesurier" title="John Le Mesurier">John Le Mesurier</a>) being interviewed in his Moscow flat by western newspaper reporters, eager to get the story on his defection. Harris appears to be a composite of Philby, Burgess and Maclean. Potter later returned to similar territory with <i><a href="/wiki/Blade_on_the_Feather" title="Blade on the Feather">Blade on the Feather</a></i> (1980), inspired by the unmasking of Anthony Blunt, although in this drama the protagonist Jason Cavendish (<a href="/wiki/Donald_Pleasence" title="Donald Pleasence">Donald Pleasence</a>) is clearly modelled after Philby. Philby is later name-checked as the sports reporter on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> in Potter's <i><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_on_Your_Collar_(TV_series)" title="Lipstick on Your Collar (TV series)">Lipstick on Your Collar</a></i> (1993), and appears to be giving inside tips on horse-races to officials at the War Office.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> education show <i><a href="/wiki/The_KNTV_Show" title="The KNTV Show">KNTV</a></i> features a character called Burgess MacPhilbin, who provides information for teenagers in the form of a spy dossier.</li> <li><i>Philby, Burgess and Maclean</i> was a 1977 <a href="/wiki/Granada_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Granada Television">Granada Television</a> drama-documentary for <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="ITV (TV channel)">ITV</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> re-broadcast on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a> in 2007, with <a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> as Burgess.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tinker_Tailor_Soldier_Spy_(miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (miniseries)">Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy</a></i>, 1979 miniseries adaptation of John le Carré's novel</li> <li>The Death List, episode 3 of series 2 of <i><a href="/wiki/Yes,_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Yes, Minister">Yes, Minister</a></i> mentions Burgess, Maclean and Philby as civil servants who betrayed the country.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Englishman_Abroad" title="An Englishman Abroad">An Englishman Abroad</a></i>, 1983 dramatisation of Burgess in Russia by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a> and directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bates" title="Alan Bates">Alan Bates</a> plays Burgess.</li> <li><i>Blunt: the Fourth Man</i>, 1987 television drama with <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> as Guy Burgess and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Richardson" title="Ian Richardson">Ian Richardson</a> as Anthony Blunt.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Spies" title="Cambridge Spies">Cambridge Spies</a></i>, 2003 <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> drama with <a href="/wiki/Toby_Stephens" title="Toby Stephens">Toby Stephens</a> as Kim Philby, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hollander" title="Tom Hollander">Tom Hollander</a> as Guy Burgess, <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Penry-Jones" title="Rupert Penry-Jones">Rupert Penry-Jones</a> as Donald Maclean, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_West" title="Samuel West">Samuel West</a> as Anthony Blunt, and Alastair Galbraith as John Cairncross.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kim_Philby:_His_Most_Intimate_Betrayal" title="Kim Philby: His Most Intimate Betrayal">Kim Philby: His Most Intimate Betrayal</a></i>, 2014 BBC <a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">docudrama</a> miniseries, produced by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Whately" title="Francis Whately">Francis Whately</a>, and narrated by <a href="/wiki/Ben_Macintyre" title="Ben Macintyre">Ben Macintyre</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_West" title="Samuel West">Samuel West</a> reprises his role as Anthony Blunt from <i>Cambridge Spies</i> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Crown (TV series)">The Crown</a></i> in 2019, in the season three episode titled "Olding".</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Spy_Among_Friends" title="A Spy Among Friends">A Spy Among Friends</a></i> is a fictionalised adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Ben_Macintyre" title="Ben Macintyre">Ben Macintyre</a>'s non-fiction book of the same name, a six-part series initially streamed on <a href="/wiki/ITVX" title="ITVX">ITVX</a> in 2022 and broadcast on <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_Network)" class="mw-redirect" title="ITV (TV Network)">ITV</a> in 2023. The story, which has been enlarged with imagined scenarios over and above the known history, centres around the 1963 escape by Kim Philby and depicts Macintyre's speculation that Philby was allowed to escape by his friend <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Elliott" title="Nicholas Elliott">Nicholas Elliott</a> in return for telling MI6 about Blunt; also that after Philby arrived in Moscow, the CIA's <a href="/wiki/James_Jesus_Angleton" title="James Jesus Angleton">James Jesus Angleton</a> initially believed him to be working for him, Angleton, as a "<a href="/wiki/Double_agent#Triple_agent" title="Double agent">triple agent</a>". With <a href="/wiki/Guy_Pearce" title="Guy Pearce">Guy Pearce</a> as Philby, <a href="/wiki/Damian_Lewis" title="Damian Lewis">Damian Lewis</a> as Elliott, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Rowe_(actor)" title="Nicholas Rowe (actor)">Nicholas Rowe</a> as Blunt and <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Edmondson" title="Adrian Edmondson">Adrian Edmondson</a> as Sir <a href="/wiki/Roger_Hollis" title="Roger Hollis">Roger Hollis</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Endless_Game" title="The Endless Game">The Endless Game</a></i> featured a character based on Blunt. <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quayle" title="Anthony Quayle">Anthony Quayle</a> played Herbert Glanville, an art critic dubbed the Fifth Man of a Cambridge spy ring who made a deal to get immunity from prosecution.</li></ul> <p><b>Film</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jigsaw_Man_(film)" title="The Jigsaw Man (film)">The Jigsaw Man</a></i>, 1983 film starring <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a>. Caine plays a character named Philip Kimberley who returns to England after his defection.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Another_Country_(1984_film)" title="Another Country (1984 film)">Another Country</a></i>, 1984 adaptation of the play by <a href="/wiki/Julian_Mitchell" title="Julian Mitchell">Julian Mitchell</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Different_Loyalty" title="A Different Loyalty">A Different Loyalty</a></i>, 2004 film directed by <a href="/wiki/Marek_Kanievska" title="Marek Kanievska">Marek Kanievska</a>, is inspired by Kim Philby's affair and subsequent marriage to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eleanor_Brewer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eleanor Brewer (page does not exist)">Eleanor Brewer</a>, as well as events leading up to his defection.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tinker_Tailor_Soldier_Spy_(film)" title="Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (film)">Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy</a></i>, 2011 adaptation of John le Carré's novel</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Imitation_Game" title="The Imitation Game">The Imitation Game</a></i>, 2014 biopic of <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a>, includes <a href="/wiki/Allen_Leech" title="Allen Leech">Allen Leech</a> as John Cairncross; Burgess and Maclean are mentioned in passing.</li></ul> <p><b>Theatre</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Question_of_Attribution" title="A Question of Attribution">A Question of Attribution</a></i>, 1988 dramatization of Blunt's term as Keeper of the Queen's Pictures; and <i>The Old Country</i>, a 1977 play about a fictional Philby-esque spy in exile, both by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Another_Country_(play)" title="Another Country (play)">Another Country</a></i>, 1981 play loosely based on Guy Burgess's life by <a href="/wiki/Julian_Mitchell" title="Julian Mitchell">Julian Mitchell</a></li> <li>In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dobbs" title="Michael Dobbs">Michael Dobbs</a> wrote a short play, <i>Turning Point</i>, for a series of live broadcast TV plays on Sky Arts channel. Based on a 1938 meeting between a young Guy Burgess and Winston Churchill, the play sees Burgess urging Churchill to fight the appeasement policy of the British government. In the live broadcast, Burgess was played by <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kim Philby appears as one of the central antagonists in William F. Buckley's 2005 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Last_Call_for_Blackford_Oakes" title="Last Call for Blackford Oakes">Last Call for Blackford Oakes</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Single_Spies" title="Single Spies">Single Spies</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a> is a one-volume publication containing <i>An Englishman Abroad</i> and <i>A Question of Attribution</i>, the former adapted for the stage from the television film.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Music</b> </p> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Philby" title="Philby">Philby</a>", a 1979 composition from Irish blues-rock musician <a href="/wiki/Rory_Gallagher" title="Rory Gallagher">Rory Gallagher</a> and his album <i><a href="/wiki/Top_Priority" title="Top Priority">Top Priority</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Five&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 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href="/wiki/Portland_spy_ring" title="Portland spy ring">Portland spy ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Skardon" title="Jim Skardon">Jim Skardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Stewart_(communist)" title="Bob Stewart (communist)">Bob Stewart</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Five&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/spies_cambridge.shtml">"Historic Figures: The Cambridge Spies"</a>. <i>BBC History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+History&rft.atitle=Historic+Figures%3A+The+Cambridge+Spies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric_figures%2Fspies_cambridge.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent.co.uk-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-independent.co.uk_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/the-fourth-man-speaks-last-testimony-of-anthony-blunt-1757483.html">The fourth man speaks: Last testimony of Anthony Blunt</a> <i>The Independent</i> McSmith, Andy. 23 July 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1994-11-28-1994332029-story.html">"The Spy Game Was a Con Game"</a>. Baltimore Sun. 28 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>The center concluded that all five must really be British intelligence officers trying to penetrate the KGB.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Spy+Game+Was+a+Con+Game&rft.pub=Baltimore+Sun&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fbs-xpm-1994-11-28-1994332029-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/01/14/enigma-6/amp">"Enigma Anthony Blunt devoted his life to art—and espionage"</a>. New Yorker. 6 January 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enigma+Anthony+Blunt+devoted+his+life+to+art%E2%80%94and+espionage&rft.pub=New+Yorker&rft.date=2002-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2002%2F01%2F14%2Fenigma-6%2Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Guy-Burgess">"Guy Burgess | British diplomat and spy"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Guy+Burgess+%7C+British+diplomat+and+spy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FGuy-Burgess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-28143770">"Cambridge Spies 'hopeless drunks'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 7 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cambridge+Spies+%27hopeless+drunks%27&rft.date=2014-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-cambridgeshire-28143770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/apr/23/spy-named-orphan-enigma-donald-maclean-roland-philipps-review">"A Spy Named Orphan: The Enigma of Donald Maclean – review"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 28 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>Donald Maclean: 'the most quietly productive of the Cambridge spies and perhaps the strangest too'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=A+Spy+Named+Orphan%3A+The+Enigma+of+Donald+Maclean+%E2%80%93+review&rft.date=2018-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2018%2Fapr%2F23%2Fspy-named-orphan-enigma-donald-maclean-roland-philipps-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2015" class="citation news cs1">Turner, Lauren (23 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-34596824">"Cambridge spies: Defection of 'drunken' agents shook US confidence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cambridge+spies%3A+Defection+of+%27drunken%27+agents+shook+US+confidence&rft.date=2015-10-23&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-34596824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Philby_Files-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Philby_Files_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Philby Files</i> by <a href="/wiki/Genrikh_Borovik" title="Genrikh Borovik">Genrikh Borovik</a>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Knightley" title="Phillip Knightley">Phillip Knightley</a>, published by <a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company" title="Little, Brown and Company">Little, Brown and Company</a>, 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.pe.ca/news/world/russia-honours-two-of-britains-cambridge-five-spies-390509/">"Russia honours two of Britain's 'Cambridge Five' spies"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 29 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>meticulously researched life of the disreputable but undeniably fascinating Guy, Stalin's Englishman</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Russia+honours+two+of+Britain%27s+%27Cambridge+Five%27+spies&rft.date=2019-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.pe.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Frussia-honours-two-of-britains-cambridge-five-spies-390509%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/feb/14/guy-burgess-the-spy-who-knew-everyone-stewart-purvis-jeff-hulbert-review">"Guy Burgess: The Spy Who Knew Everyone by Stewart Purvis and Jeff Hulbert – review"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 14 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>meticulously researched life of the disreputable but undeniably fascinating Guy, Stalin's Englishman</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Guy+Burgess%3A+The+Spy+Who+Knew+Everyone+by+Stewart+Purvis+and+Jeff+Hulbert+%E2%80%93+review&rft.date=2016-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F14%2Fguy-burgess-the-spy-who-knew-everyone-stewart-purvis-jeff-hulbert-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2017" class="citation news cs1">Higgins, Andrew (1 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/01/world/europe/russia-kim-philby-spy-defector.html">"Even in Death, the Spy Kim Philby Serves the Kremlin's Purposes"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Even+in+Death%2C+the+Spy+Kim+Philby+Serves+the+Kremlin%27s+Purposes&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F10%2F01%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-kim-philby-spy-defector.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKendrick2016" class="citation book cs1">Kendrick, M. Gregory (2016). <i>Villainy in Western culture : historical archetypes of danger, disorder and death</i>. Jefferson, NC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786498680" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786498680"><bdi>978-0786498680</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/933590602">933590602</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Villainy+in+Western+culture+%3A+historical+archetypes+of+danger%2C+disorder+and+death&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F933590602&rft.isbn=978-0786498680&rft.aulast=Kendrick&rft.aufirst=M.+Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/10/magazine/kim-philby-and-the-age-of-paranoia.html">"Kim Philby and the Age of Paranoia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 10 July 1994<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>. <q>In fact, Philby's first seven years in the Soviet Union were almost a form of house arrest. Again a victim of deception: "The K.G.B. told him they were afraid the British M.I.6 was going to try to assassinate him, so he had to have guards all the time, close surveillance," Lyubimov said. But the real reason was the Soviets did not completely trust him not to bolt for home. "They were afraid something would happen. And he would end up back in Britain or even America.""Did he know they didn't trust him?""Oh yes, he knew." "All this time, he wanted to be a hero of this country," Lyubimov says. "But they did everything to prevent him from this." But for the most part, Philby was frozen out, his suggestions ignored. "The K.G.B. was too stupid and impotent to make use of him," Lyubimov reiterated to me. "This destroyed him. This ruined his life."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kim+Philby+and+the+Age+of+Paranoia&rft.date=1994-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F07%2F10%2Fmagazine%2Fkim-philby-and-the-age-of-paranoia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/kim-philby-moscow-square-double-agent-spy-kgb-mi6-cambridge-spy-ring-a8626476.html">"Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 9 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Moscow+square+named+after+notorious+British+double+agent+Kim+Philby&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fkim-philby-moscow-square-double-agent-spy-kgb-mi6-cambridge-spy-ring-a8626476.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anthony-Blunt">"Anthony Blunt | British art historian and spy"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Anthony+Blunt+%7C+British+art+historian+and+spy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FAnthony-Blunt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/23/blunt-soviet-spy-memoir">"Anthony Blunt memoir reveals spy's regret at 'the biggest mistake of my life'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 24 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Anthony+Blunt+memoir+reveals+spy%27s+regret+at+%27the+biggest+mistake+of+my+life%27&rft.date=2009-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fjul%2F23%2Fblunt-soviet-spy-memoir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/24/world/europe/24blunt.html#:~:text=CAMBRIDGE%2C%20England%20%E2%80%94%20After%20keeping%20it,1930s%2C%20as%20%E2%80%9Cthe%20biggest%20mistake">"Memoirs of British Spy Offer No Apology"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 23 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=OBITUARIES%3A+John+Cairncross&rft.date=2018-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituaries-john-cairncross-1576877.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/1995/01/29/the-honorable-schoolboys/659325eb-f7c3-4f46-bcdd-bead90b13c38/">"John Cairncross, Fifth Man in Spy Ring, Dead at 82"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. 29 January 1995<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=John+Cairncross%2C+Fifth+Man+in+Spy+Ring%2C+Dead+at+82&rft.date=1995-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2F1995%2F01%2F29%2Fthe-honorable-schoolboys%2F659325eb-f7c3-4f46-bcdd-bead90b13c38%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1991-10-11-9104020103-story.html">"John Cairncross, Fifth Man in Spy Ring, Dead at 82"</a>. Chicago Tribune. 11 October 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Cairncross%2C+Fifth+Man+in+Spy+Ring%2C+Dead+at+82&rft.pub=Chicago+Tribune&rft.date=1991-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-1991-10-11-9104020103-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Chris (2019). <i>The Last Cambridge Spy: John Cairncross, Bletchley Codebreaker and Soviet Double Agent</i> (1st ed.). Stroud: The History Press. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780750981477" title="Special:BookSources/9780750981477"><bdi>9780750981477</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Cambridge+Spy%3A+John+Cairncross%2C+Bletchley+Codebreaker+and+Soviet+Double+Agent&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pages=30&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780750981477&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/rothschild-spied-as-the-fifth-man-1444440.html">"Rothschild 'spied as the Fifth Man'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 22 October 1994<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>Because he was in MI5 they learned things from him. This doesn't make him the fifth man, and he wasn't</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Rothschild+%27spied+as+the+Fifth+Man%27&rft.date=1994-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Frothschild-spied-as-the-fifth-man-1444440.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/536771fa1401f51d8a242d5bdd1eef48">"John Cairncross, Fifth Man in Spy Ring, Dead at 82"</a>. AP News. 9 October 1995<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Cairncross%2C+Fifth+Man+in+Spy+Ring%2C+Dead+at+82&rft.pub=AP+News&rft.date=1995-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F536771fa1401f51d8a242d5bdd1eef48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/rupert-allason-a-reputation-in-tatters-9242603.html">"OBITUARIES: John Cairncross"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 22 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=OBITUARIES%3A+John+Cairncross&rft.date=2011-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fprofiles%2Frupert-allason-a-reputation-in-tatters-9242603.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/jul/24/pm-was-not-told-anthony-blunt-was-soviet-spy-archives-reveal">"PM was not told Anthony Blunt was Soviet spy, archives reveal"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 24 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>Alec Douglas-Home was kept in the dark about one of the biggest spy scandals of the cold war</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=PM+was+not+told+Anthony+Blunt+was+Soviet+spy%2C+archives+reveal&rft.date=2019-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2018%2Fjul%2F24%2Fpm-was-not-told-anthony-blunt-was-soviet-spy-archives-reveal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/oct/23/mi5-mi6-coverup-cambridge-spy-ring-archive-papers">"MI5 and MI6 cover-up of Cambridge spy ring laid bare in archive papers"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 23 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=MI5+and+MI6+cover-up+of+Cambridge+spy+ring+laid+bare+in+archive+papers&rft.date=2015-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2015%2Foct%2F23%2Fmi5-mi6-coverup-cambridge-spy-ring-archive-papers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2016/feb/06/cambridge-spy-ring-files-whitehall-public">"MI5 and MI6 cover-up of Cambridge spy ring laid bare in archive papers"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 6 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=MI5+and+MI6+cover-up+of+Cambridge+spy+ring+laid+bare+in+archive+papers&rft.date=2016-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2Fbooksblog%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F06%2Fcambridge-spy-ring-files-whitehall-public&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/new-revelations-cambridge-spy-ring">"The silver spoon spy: how Cambridge double-agent Donald Maclean got away with it for so long"</a>. <i>History Today</i>. 17 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>. <q>Newly released evidence on the Cambridge Spies reveals how, among other revelations, inaction and incompetence on the part of the authorities enabled Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean to make their escape to Moscow.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=The+silver+spoon+spy%3A+how+Cambridge+double-agent+Donald+Maclean+got+away+with+it+for+so+long&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Fnew-revelations-cambridge-spy-ring&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/30/new-revelations-kim-philby-spy-saga-secret-files-national-archives">"Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 30 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>UK government launched campaign to block memoirs being published fearing damaging disclosures</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kim+Philby%3A+new+revelations+about+spy+emerge+in+secret+files&rft.date=2020-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fdec%2F30%2Fnew-revelations-kim-philby-spy-saga-secret-files-national-archives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-King's_College_Cambridge-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-King's_College_Cambridge_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King's_College_Cambridge_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/archive-centre/online-resources/online-exhibitions/a-cambridge-secret-revealed-the-apostles">"A Cambridge Secret Revealed: The Apostles"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Cambridge+Secret+Revealed%3A+The+Apostles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kings.cam.ac.uk%2Farchive-centre%2Fonline-resources%2Fonline-exhibitions%2Fa-cambridge-secret-revealed-the-apostles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-candrew-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-candrew_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-candrew_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew2009" class="citation book cs1">Andrew, Christoper (2009). <i>The Defence of the Realm The Authorized History of MI5</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=How+Not+to+Silence+a+Spy&rft.date=1987-08-17&rft.aulast=Zuckerman&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C965233%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-macint-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-macint_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacintyre2014" class="citation news cs1">Macintyre, Ben (8 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-mole-hunter-who-caught-a-red-herring-x0t33jf6pmx">"The mole hunter who caught a red herring—Chapman Pincher obituary"</a>. <i>The Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>for much of his life he suffered from an incurable form of conspiracy disease, a highly contagious condition that he caught from Peter Wright of Spycatcher fame.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+mole+hunter+who+caught+a+red+herring%E2%80%94Chapman+Pincher+obituary&rft.date=2014-08-08&rft.aulast=Macintyre&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fthe-mole-hunter-who-caught-a-red-herring-x0t33jf6pmx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ba1Mytg-gk4">"British Patriot or Soviet Spy? The Case of Roger Hollis, Video 4 (Unfolding the Roger Hollis Claims)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 15 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=British+Patriot+or+Soviet+Spy%3F+The+Case+of+Roger+Hollis%2C+Video+4+%28Unfolding+the+Roger+Hollis+Claims%29&rft.date=2015-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dba1Mytg-gk4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abjorensen, Norman. "Following the Moscow Line", in <i>The Sunday Times Canberra</i>, 22 January 1995.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWrightGreengrass1987" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Peter; Greengrass, Paul (1987). <i>Spycatcher</i>. William Heinemann, Australia. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85-561098-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85-561098-2"><bdi>978-0-85-561098-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spycatcher&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=William+Heinemann%2C+Australia&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-85-561098-2&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Greengrass%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rusbridger, Alan. <i>The Guardian</i>, 10 December 1994.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheila Kerr: review of Roland Perry, The Fifth Man, in Loch K. Johnson, Richard C. Thurlow, Gary D. Rawnsley, M. R. D. Foot, J. A. Crang, Pauline Elkes, Andrew Rathmell, Simon Tormey, Sheila Kerr, Len Scott, Mark Ellis, James G. Stewart & Keith Jeffery (1997): Book reviews. <i>Intelligence and National Security</i>, 12(2): 203-228. doi:10.1080/02684529708432424.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMrs_Margaret_Thatcher1981" class="citation book cs1">Mrs Margaret Thatcher, The Prime Minister (9 November 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1981/nov/09/mr-leo-long-1">"Mr. Leo Long (Written Answers)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. House of Commons. col. 40W–42W.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mr.+Leo+Long+%28Written+Answers%29&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=col.-40W-42W&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1981-11-09&rft.au=Mrs+Margaret+Thatcher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fwritten-answers%2F1981%2Fnov%2F09%2Fmr-leo-long-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/article3574302.ece">"Cambridge don was the spy puppet-master, says Brian Sewell".</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. Retrieved 26 October 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/outsider-ii--almost-always-never-quite-by-brian-sewell-8280371.html">"Outsider II – Almost Always: Never Quite, By Brian Sewell"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. Retrieved 26 October 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell2015" class="citation book cs1">Powell, Anthony (2015). <i>Journals, 1982–1986</i>. London: Arrow Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78475-071-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78475-071-8"><bdi>978-1-78475-071-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journals%2C+1982%E2%80%931986&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Arrow+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-78475-071-8&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span>, pp. 283–284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/nist-museum/fifth-man-cambridge-spy-ring-and-wilfred-mann">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Fifth Man': The Cambridge Spy Ring and Wilfred Mann"</a>. <i>NIST</i>. 27 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NIST&rft.atitle=%27The+Fifth+Man%27%3A+The+Cambridge+Spy+Ring+and+Wilfred+Mann&rft.date=2016-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fnist-museum%2Ffifth-man-cambridge-spy-ring-and-wilfred-mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemann1979" class="citation news cs1">Lemann, Nicholas (21 November 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/11/21/ex-spy-admits-an-appalling-mistake/76f3d053-9279-4719-97c9-8c1ce2a29db2/">"Ex-Spy Admits an 'Appalling Mistake'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ex-Spy+Admits+an+%27Appalling+Mistake%27&rft.date=1979-11-21&rft.aulast=Lemann&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1979%2F11%2F21%2Fex-spy-admits-an-appalling-mistake%2F76f3d053-9279-4719-97c9-8c1ce2a29db2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmuforia.co.uk/philby-burgess-maclean-1977/">"Philby Burgess & Maclean (1977) | DVD release"</a>. <i>Filmuforia</i>. 3 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Filmuforia&rft.atitle=Philby+Burgess+%26+Maclean+%281977%29+%7C+DVD+release&rft.date=2015-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmuforia.co.uk%2Fphilby-burgess-maclean-1977%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/988625/index.html">"BFI Screenonline: Philby, Burgess and Maclean (1977)"</a>. <i>www.screenonline.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.screenonline.org.uk&rft.atitle=BFI+Screenonline%3A+Philby%2C+Burgess+and+Maclean+%281977%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.screenonline.org.uk%2Ftv%2Fid%2F988625%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0074mzx">"Philby, Burgess and Maclean"</a>. <i>BBC Four</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Four&rft.atitle=Philby%2C+Burgess+and+Maclean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb0074mzx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/119982">"The Day Churchill Met Traitor Guy Burgess"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a></i>. London. 12 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Express&rft.atitle=The+Day+Churchill+Met+Traitor+Guy+Burgess&rft.date=2009-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.co.uk%2Fposts%2Fview%2F119982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett1991" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Alan (1 June 1991). <i>Single Spies</i>. Samuel French. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0573018916" title="Special:BookSources/978-0573018916"><bdi>978-0573018916</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Single+Spies&rft.pub=Samuel+French&rft.date=1991-06-01&rft.isbn=978-0573018916&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACambridge+Five" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Five&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sinclair" title="Andrew Sinclair">Andrew Sinclair</a>, <i>The Red and the Blue: Intelligence, Treason and the Universities</i> (Coronet Books, Hodder and Stoughten, U.K. 1987). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-41687-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-41687-4">0-340-41687-4</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Five&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Friday 23 October 2015, The National Archives, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired-gov.net/wg/news.nsf/articles/File+release+Cold+War+Cambridge+spies+Burgess+and+Maclean+26102015101500?open">File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean</a>, WiredGov (alert channel of choice for <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">UK government</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Soviet and Russian spies</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Soviet espionage in the United States">In the US</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1940s and before</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Abt" title="John Abt">John Abt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Barr" title="Joel Barr">Joel Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bentley" title="Elizabeth Bentley">Elizabeth Bentley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Browder" title="Earl Browder">Earl Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Bukov" title="Boris Bukov">Boris Bukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lona_Cohen" title="Lona Cohen">Lona Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Cohen_(spy)" title="Morris Cohen (spy)">Morris Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Coplon" title="Judith Coplon">Judith Coplon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Field" title="Noel Field">Noel Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Fuchs" title="Klaus Fuchs">Klaus Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Glasser" title="Harold Glasser">Harold Glasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Gold" title="Harry Gold">Harry Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Greenglass" title="David Greenglass">David Greenglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Hall" title="Theodore Hall">Theodore Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Herrmann" title="John Herrmann">John Herrmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Hiss" title="Donald Hiss">Donald Hiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Koval" title="George Koval">George Koval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Malisoff" title="William Malisoff">William Malisoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hede_Massing" title="Hede Massing">Hede Massing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Morros" title="Boris Morros">Boris Morros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Oggins" title="Isaiah Oggins">Isaiah Oggins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Perl" title="William Perl">William Perl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Perlo" title="Victor Perlo">Victor Perlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Peters" title="J. Peters">J. Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ward_Pigman" title="William Ward Pigman">William Ward Pigman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Pressman" title="Lee Pressman">Lee Pressman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Reno" title="Vincent Reno">Vincent Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg" title="Julius and Ethel Rosenberg">Julius and Ethel Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sarant" title="Alfred Sarant">Alfred Sarant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saville_Sax" title="Saville Sax">Saville Sax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Sobell" title="Morton Sobell">Morton Sobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ulanovsky" title="Alexander Ulanovsky">Alexander Ulanovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadezhda_Ulanovskaya" title="Nadezhda Ulanovskaya">Nadezhda Ulanovskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Wadleigh" title="Julian Wadleigh">Julian Wadleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Ware" title="Harold Ware">Harold Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weisband" title="Bill Weisband">Bill Weisband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Weyl" title="Nathaniel Weyl">Nathaniel Weyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Dexter_White" title="Harry Dexter White">Harry Dexter White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Wicher" title="Maria Wicher">Maria Wicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Witt" title="Nathan Witt">Nathan Witt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Wovschin" title="Flora Wovschin">Flora Wovschin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoli_Yatskov" title="Anatoli Yatskov">Anatoli Yatskov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_espionage" title="Cold War espionage">Cold War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Abel" title="Rudolf Abel">Rudolf Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldrich_Ames" title="Aldrich Ames">Aldrich Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sheldon_Boone" title="David Sheldon Boone">David Sheldon Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_John_Boyce" title="Christopher John Boyce">Christopher John Boyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Patrick_Cavanaugh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh">Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dunlap" title="Jack Dunlap">Jack Dunlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hall_III" title="James Hall III">James Hall III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hanssen" title="Robert Hanssen">Robert Hanssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reino_H%C3%A4yh%C3%A4nen" title="Reino Häyhänen">Reino Häyhänen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lee_Howard" title="Edward Lee Howard">Edward Lee Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lee_Johnson_(spy)" title="Robert Lee Johnson (spy)">Robert Lee Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Koecher" title="Karl Koecher">Karl Koecher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Daulton_Lee" title="Andrew Daulton Lee">Andrew Daulton Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lipka" title="Robert Lipka">Robert Lipka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_J._Lonetree" title="Clayton J. Lonetree">Clayton J. Lonetree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Miller_(agent)" title="Richard Miller (agent)">Richard Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Pelton" title="Ronald Pelton">Ronald Pelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Edwin_Pitts" title="Earl Edwin Pitts">Earl Edwin Pitts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Soble" title="Jack Soble">Jack Soble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Soble" title="Myra Soble">Myra Soble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Soblen" title="Robert Soblen">Robert Soblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Seborer" title="Oscar Seborer">Oscar Seborer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Thompson_(spy)" title="Robert Thompson (spy)">Robert Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Trofimoff" title="George Trofimoff">George Trofimoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anthony_Walker" title="John Anthony Walker">John Anthony Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Whitworth" title="Jerry Whitworth">Jerry Whitworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Post-Soviet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Buryakov" title="Evgeny Buryakov">Evgeny Buryakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Chapman" title="Anna Chapman">Anna Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debbins" title="Peter Debbins">Peter Debbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hanssen" title="Robert Hanssen">Robert Hanssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_James_Nicholson" title="Harold James Nicholson">Harold James Nicholson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Illegals_Program" title="Illegals Program">Illegals Program</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cambridge Five</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Blunt" title="Anthony Blunt">Anthony Blunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Burgess" title="Guy Burgess">Guy Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cairncross" title="John Cairncross">John Cairncross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(spy)" title="Donald Maclean (spy)">Donald Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Philby" title="Kim Philby">Kim Philby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Portland_spy_ring" title="Portland spy ring">Portland spy ring</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lona_Cohen" title="Lona Cohen">Lona Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Cohen_(spy)" title="Morris Cohen (spy)">Morris Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Gee" title="Ethel Gee">Ethel Gee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Houghton" title="Harry Houghton">Harry Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konon_Molody" title="Konon Molody">Konon Molody</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bettaney" title="Michael Bettaney">Michael Bettaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Blake" title="George Blake">George Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Crook" title="David Crook">David Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litzi_Friedmann" title="Litzi Friedmann">Litzi Friedmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Fuchs" title="Klaus Fuchs">Klaus Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Glading" title="Percy Glading">Percy Glading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melita_Norwood" title="Melita Norwood">Melita Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Nunn_May" title="Alan Nunn May">Alan Nunn May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peet_(1915%E2%80%931988)" title="John Peet (1915–1988)">John Peet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Prime" title="Geoffrey Prime">Geoffrey Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goronwy_Rees" title="Goronwy Rees">Goronwy Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_John_Smith_(espionage)" title="Michael John Smith (espionage)">Michael John Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Springhall" title="Dave Springhall">Dave Springhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Symonds" title="John Alexander Symonds">John Alexander Symonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Tudor-Hart" title="Edith Tudor-Hart">Edith Tudor-Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Vassall" title="John Vassall">John Vassall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wynn" title="Arthur Wynn">Arthur Wynn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Carr" title="Sam Carr">Sam Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Delisle" title="Jeffrey Delisle">Jeffrey Delisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Gouzenko" title="Igor Gouzenko">Igor Gouzenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Miller" title="Elena Miller">Elena Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerda_Munsinger" title="Gerda Munsinger">Gerda Munsinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Joseph_Ratkai" title="Stephen Joseph Ratkai">Stephen Joseph Ratkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Rose_(politician)" title="Fred Rose (politician)">Fred Rose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirohide_Ishida" title="Hirohide Ishida">Hirohide Ishida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yotoku_Miyagi" title="Yotoku Miyagi">Yotoku Miyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanz%C5%8D_Nosaka" title="Sanzō Nosaka">Sanzō Nosaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotsumi_Ozaki" title="Hotsumi Ozaki">Hotsumi Ozaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABz%C5%8D_Sejima" title="Ryūzō Sejima">Ryūzō Sejima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere /<br />in combination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gregory_Barmine" title="Alexander Gregory Barmine">Alexander Gregory Barmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stig_Bergling" title="Stig Bergling">Stig Bergling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Gerhardt" title="Dieter Gerhardt">Dieter Gerhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Krivitsky" title="Walter Krivitsky">Walter Krivitsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerttu_Nuorteva" title="Kerttu Nuorteva">Kerttu Nuorteva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Petrov_(diplomat)" title="Vladimir Petrov (diplomat)">Vladimir Mikhaylovich Petrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Raskolnikov" title="Fyodor Raskolnikov">Fyodor Raskolnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Redl" title="Alfred Redl">Alfred Redl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignace_Reiss" title="Ignace Reiss">Ignace Reiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Shlykov" title="Vitaly Shlykov">Vitaly Shlykov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Simm" title="Herman Simm">Herman Simm</a></li> <li><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddiq_Ghouse" class="extiw" title="ms:Siddiq Ghouse">Siddiq Ghouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sorge" title="Richard Sorge">Richard Sorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Treholt" title="Arne Treholt">Arne Treholt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stig_Wennerstr%C3%B6m_(colonel)" title="Stig Wennerström (colonel)">Stig Wennerström</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Five&oldid=1273233031">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Five&oldid=1273233031</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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