[2312.05187] Seamless: Multilingual Expressive and Streaming Speech Translation

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>[2312.05187] Seamless: Multilingual Expressive and Streaming Speech Translation</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv.css?v=20240822" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv-print.css?v=20200611" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/browse_search.css" /> <script language="javascript" src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/accordion.js" /></script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.05187"/> <meta name="description" content="Abstract page for arXiv paper 2312.05187: Seamless: Multilingual Expressive and Streaming Speech Translation"><meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="arXiv.org" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Seamless: Multilingual Expressive and Streaming Speech Translation" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.05187v1" /> <meta property="og:image" content="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="700" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="arXiv logo"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Large-scale automatic speech translation systems today lack key features that help machine-mediated communication feel seamless when compared to human-to-human dialogue. In this work, we introduce a family of models that enable end-to-end expressive and multilingual translations in a streaming fashion. First, we contribute an improved version of the massively multilingual and multimodal SeamlessM4T model-SeamlessM4T v2. This newer model, incorporating an updated UnitY2 framework, was trained on more low-resource language data. SeamlessM4T v2 provides the foundation on which our next two models are initiated. SeamlessExpressive enables translation that preserves vocal styles and prosody. Compared to previous efforts in expressive speech research, our work addresses certain underexplored aspects of prosody, such as speech rate and pauses, while also preserving the style of one's voice. As for SeamlessStreaming, our model leverages the Efficient Monotonic Multihead Attention mechanism to generate low-latency target translations without waiting for complete source utterances. As the first of its kind, SeamlessStreaming enables simultaneous speech-to-speech/text translation for multiple source and target languages. To ensure that our models can be used safely and responsibly, we implemented the first known red-teaming effort for multimodal machine translation, a system for the detection and mitigation of added toxicity, a systematic evaluation of gender bias, and an inaudible localized watermarking mechanism designed to dampen the impact of deepfakes. Consequently, we bring major components from SeamlessExpressive and SeamlessStreaming together to form Seamless, the first publicly available system that unlocks expressive cross-lingual communication in real-time. The contributions to this work are publicly released and accessible at https://github.com/facebookresearch/seamless_communication"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@arxiv"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Seamless: Multilingual Expressive and Streaming Speech Translation"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Large-scale automatic speech translation systems today lack key features that help machine-mediated communication feel seamless when compared to human-to-human dialogue. In this work, we introduce..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://static.arxiv.org/icons/twitter/arxiv-logo-twitter-square.png"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="arXiv logo"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" type="text/css" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/tooltip.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" type="text/css" href="https://static.arxiv.org/js/bibex-dev/bibex.css?20200709"/> <script src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/mathjaxToggle.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/js-cookie@2/src/js.cookie.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/dompurify@2.3.5/dist/purify.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/toggle-labs.js?20241022" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/cite.js" type="text/javascript"></script><meta name="citation_title" content="Seamless: 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content="2312.05187" /><meta name="citation_abstract" content="Large-scale automatic speech translation systems today lack key features that help machine-mediated communication feel seamless when compared to human-to-human dialogue. In this work, we introduce a family of models that enable end-to-end expressive and multilingual translations in a streaming fashion. First, we contribute an improved version of the massively multilingual and multimodal SeamlessM4T model-SeamlessM4T v2. This newer model, incorporating an updated UnitY2 framework, was trained on more low-resource language data. SeamlessM4T v2 provides the foundation on which our next two models are initiated. SeamlessExpressive enables translation that preserves vocal styles and prosody. Compared to previous efforts in expressive speech research, our work addresses certain underexplored aspects of prosody, such as speech rate and pauses, while also preserving the style of one's voice. As for SeamlessStreaming, our model leverages the Efficient Monotonic Multihead Attention mechanism to generate low-latency target translations without waiting for complete source utterances. As the first of its kind, SeamlessStreaming enables simultaneous speech-to-speech/text translation for multiple source and target languages. To ensure that our models can be used safely and responsibly, we implemented the first known red-teaming effort for multimodal machine translation, a system for the detection and mitigation of added toxicity, a systematic evaluation of gender bias, and an inaudible localized watermarking mechanism designed to dampen the impact of deepfakes. Consequently, we bring major components from SeamlessExpressive and SeamlessStreaming together to form Seamless, the first publicly available system that unlocks expressive cross-lingual communication in real-time. The contributions to this work are publicly released and accessible at https://github.com/facebookresearch/seamless_communication" /> </head> <body class="with-cu-identity"> <div class="flex-wrap-footer"> <header> <a href="#content" class="is-sr-only">Skip to main content</a>  <div class="columns is-vcentered is-hidden-mobile" id="cu-identity"> <div class="column" id="cu-logo"> <a href="https://www.cornell.edu/"><img src="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/cu/cornell-reduced-white-SMALL.svg" alt="Cornell University" /></a> </div><div class="column" id="support-ack"> <span id="support-ack-url">We gratefully acknowledge support from the Simons Foundation, <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about/ourmembers.html">member institutions</a>, and all contributors.</span> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about/donate.html" class="btn-header-donate">Donate</a> </div> </div> <div id="header" class="is-hidden-mobile"> <a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/IgnoreMe"></a> <div 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rel="nofollow">Seamless Communication</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Barrault,+L" rel="nofollow">Lo茂c Barrault</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Chung,+Y" rel="nofollow">Yu-An Chung</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Meglioli,+M+C" rel="nofollow">Mariano Coria Meglioli</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Dale,+D" rel="nofollow">David Dale</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Dong,+N" rel="nofollow">Ning Dong</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Duppenthaler,+M" rel="nofollow">Mark Duppenthaler</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Duquenne,+P" rel="nofollow">Paul-Ambroise Duquenne</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ellis,+B" rel="nofollow">Brian Ellis</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Elsahar,+H" rel="nofollow">Hady Elsahar</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Haaheim,+J" rel="nofollow">Justin Haaheim</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Hoffman,+J" rel="nofollow">John Hoffman</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Hwang,+M" rel="nofollow">Min-Jae Hwang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Inaguma,+H" rel="nofollow">Hirofumi Inaguma</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Klaiber,+C" rel="nofollow">Christopher Klaiber</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Kulikov,+I" rel="nofollow">Ilia Kulikov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Li,+P" rel="nofollow">Pengwei Li</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Licht,+D" rel="nofollow">Daniel Licht</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Maillard,+J" rel="nofollow">Jean Maillard</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Mavlyutov,+R" rel="nofollow">Ruslan Mavlyutov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Rakotoarison,+A" rel="nofollow">Alice Rakotoarison</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Sadagopan,+K+R" rel="nofollow">Kaushik Ram Sadagopan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ramakrishnan,+A" rel="nofollow">Abinesh Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Tran,+T" rel="nofollow">Tuan Tran</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Wenzek,+G" rel="nofollow">Guillaume Wenzek</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Yang,+Y" rel="nofollow">Yilin Yang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ye,+E" rel="nofollow">Ethan Ye</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Evtimov,+I" rel="nofollow">Ivan Evtimov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Fernandez,+P" rel="nofollow">Pierre Fernandez</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Gao,+C" rel="nofollow">Cynthia Gao</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Hansanti,+P" rel="nofollow">Prangthip Hansanti</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Kalbassi,+E" rel="nofollow">Elahe Kalbassi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Kallet,+A" rel="nofollow">Amanda Kallet</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Kozhevnikov,+A" rel="nofollow">Artyom Kozhevnikov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Gonzalez,+G+M" rel="nofollow">Gabriel Mejia Gonzalez</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Roman,+R+S" rel="nofollow">Robin San Roman</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Touret,+C" rel="nofollow">Christophe Touret</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Wong,+C" rel="nofollow">Corinne Wong</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Wood,+C" rel="nofollow">Carleigh Wood</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Yu,+B" rel="nofollow">Bokai Yu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Andrews,+P" rel="nofollow">Pierre Andrews</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Balioglu,+C" rel="nofollow">Can Balioglu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Chen,+P" rel="nofollow">Peng-Jen Chen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Costa-juss%C3%A0,+M+R" rel="nofollow">Marta R. Costa-juss脿</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Elbayad,+M" rel="nofollow">Maha Elbayad</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Gong,+H" rel="nofollow">Hongyu Gong</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Guzm%C3%A1n,+F" rel="nofollow">Francisco Guzm谩n</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Heffernan,+K" rel="nofollow">Kevin Heffernan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Jain,+S" rel="nofollow">Somya Jain</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Kao,+J" rel="nofollow">Justine Kao</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Lee,+A" rel="nofollow">Ann Lee</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ma,+X" rel="nofollow">Xutai Ma</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Mourachko,+A" rel="nofollow">Alex Mourachko</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Peloquin,+B" rel="nofollow">Benjamin Peloquin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Pino,+J" rel="nofollow">Juan Pino</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Popuri,+S" rel="nofollow">Sravya Popuri</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ropers,+C" rel="nofollow">Christophe Ropers</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Saleem,+S" rel="nofollow">Safiyyah Saleem</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Schwenk,+H" rel="nofollow">Holger Schwenk</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Sun,+A" rel="nofollow">Anna Sun</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Tomasello,+P" rel="nofollow">Paden Tomasello</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+C" rel="nofollow">Changhan Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+J" rel="nofollow">Jeff Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+S" rel="nofollow">Skyler Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Williamson,+M" rel="nofollow">Mary Williamson</a></div> <div id="download-button-info" hidden>View a PDF of the paper titled Seamless: Multilingual Expressive and Streaming Speech Translation, by Seamless Communication and 64 other authors</div> <a class="mobile-submission-download" href="/pdf/2312.05187">View PDF</a> <blockquote class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="descriptor">Abstract:</span>Large-scale automatic speech translation systems today lack key features that help machine-mediated communication feel seamless when compared to human-to-human dialogue. In this work, we introduce a family of models that enable end-to-end expressive and multilingual translations in a streaming fashion. First, we contribute an improved version of the massively multilingual and multimodal SeamlessM4T model-SeamlessM4T v2. This newer model, incorporating an updated UnitY2 framework, was trained on more low-resource language data. SeamlessM4T v2 provides the foundation on which our next two models are initiated. SeamlessExpressive enables translation that preserves vocal styles and prosody. Compared to previous efforts in expressive speech research, our work addresses certain underexplored aspects of prosody, such as speech rate and pauses, while also preserving the style of one's voice. As for SeamlessStreaming, our model leverages the Efficient Monotonic Multihead Attention mechanism to generate low-latency target translations without waiting for complete source utterances. As the first of its kind, SeamlessStreaming enables simultaneous speech-to-speech/text translation for multiple source and target languages. To ensure that our models can be used safely and responsibly, we implemented the first known red-teaming effort for multimodal machine translation, a system for the detection and mitigation of added toxicity, a systematic evaluation of gender bias, and an inaudible localized watermarking mechanism designed to dampen the impact of deepfakes. Consequently, we bring major components from SeamlessExpressive and SeamlessStreaming together to form Seamless, the first publicly available system that unlocks expressive cross-lingual communication in real-time. The contributions to this work are publicly released and accessible at <a href="https://github.com/facebookresearch/seamless_communication" rel="external noopener nofollow" class="link-external link-https">this https URL</a> </blockquote>  <div class="metatable"> <table summary="Additional metadata"><tr> <td class="tablecell label">Subjects:</td> <td class="tablecell subjects"> <span class="primary-subject">Computation and Language (cs.CL)</span>; Sound (cs.SD); Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)</td> </tr><tr> <td class="tablecell label">Cite as:</td> <td class="tablecell arxivid"><span class="arxivid"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.05187">arXiv:2312.05187</a> [cs.CL]</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tablecell label"> </td> <td class="tablecell arxividv">(or <span class="arxivid"> <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.05187v1">arXiv:2312.05187v1</a> [cs.CL]</span> for this version) </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tablecell label"> </td> <td class="tablecell arxivdoi"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2312.05187" id="arxiv-doi-link">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2312.05187</a><div class="button-and-tooltip"> <button class="more-info" aria-describedby="more-info-desc-1"> <svg height="15" role="presentation" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 8C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 111.043 248 248 248s248-111.003 248-248C504 119.083 392.957 8 256 8zm0 110c23.196 0 42 18.804 42 42s-18.804 42-42 42-42-18.804-42-42 18.804-42 42-42zm56 254c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12h-88c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h12v-64h-12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h64c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v100h12c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v24z" class=""></path></svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Focus to learn more</span> </button>  <div role="tooltip" id="more-info-desc-1"> <span class="left-corner"></span> arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite</div> </div> </td> </tr></table> </div> </div> </div> <div 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[2312.05187] Seamless: Multilingual Expressive and Streaming Speech Translation