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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Royal_Artillery_Memorial&params=51.5025_N_0.1519_W_region:GB-WSM_scale:500_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°09′07″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.5025°N 0.1519°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.5025; -0.1519</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">War memorial on Hyde Park Corner, London</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Royal Artillery Memorial</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Artillery_Monument_corner_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Royal_Artillery_Monument_corner_view.jpg/220px-Royal_Artillery_Monument_corner_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Royal_Artillery_Monument_corner_view.jpg/330px-Royal_Artillery_Monument_corner_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Royal_Artillery_Monument_corner_view.jpg/440px-Royal_Artillery_Monument_corner_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">For casualties of the Royal Regiment of Artillery <br />in the First World War</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em">Unveiled</th><td class="infobox-data">18 October 1925<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1925-10-18</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Royal_Artillery_Memorial&params=51.5025_N_0.1519_W_region:GB-WSM_scale:500_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°09′07″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.5025°N 0.1519°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.5025; -0.1519</span></span></span></a></span></span><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Corner" title="Hyde Park Corner">Hyde Park Corner</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/SW_postcode_area" title="SW postcode area">SW1</a></div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em">Designed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sargeant_Jagger" title="Charles Sargeant Jagger">Charles Sargeant Jagger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Pearson" title="Lionel Pearson">Lionel Pearson</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.2em;font-style:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">In proud remembrance of the forty-nine thousand & seventy-six of all ranks of the Royal Regiment of Artillery who gave their lives for king and country in the Great War 1914–1919</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #FFC0CB; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building#England_and_Wales" title="Listed building">Listed Building</a> – Grade I</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Royal Artillery Memorial</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">14 January 1970</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1231613?section=official-list-entry">1231613</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Royal Artillery Memorial</b> is a <a href="/wiki/First_World_War_memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War memorial">First World War memorial</a> located on <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Corner" title="Hyde Park Corner">Hyde Park Corner</a> in London, England. Designed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sargeant_Jagger" title="Charles Sargeant Jagger">Charles Sargeant Jagger</a>, with architectural work by <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Pearson" title="Lionel Pearson">Lionel Pearson</a>, and unveiled in 1925, the memorial commemorates the 49,076 soldiers from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a> killed in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. The static nature of the conflict, particularly on the Western Front, meant that artillery played a major role in the war, though physical reminders of the fighting were often avoided in the years after the war. The Royal Artillery War Commemoration Fund (RAWCF) was formed in 1918 to preside over the regiment's commemorations, aware of some dissatisfaction with memorials to previous wars. The RAWCF approached several eminent architects but its insistence on a visual representation of artillery meant that none was able to produce a satisfactory design. Thus they approached Jagger, himself an ex-soldier who had been wounded in the war. Jagger produced a design which was accepted in 1922, though he modified it several times before construction. </p><p>The memorial consists of a <a href="/wiki/Portland_stone" title="Portland stone">Portland stone</a> <a href="/wiki/Cruciform" title="Cruciform">cruciform</a> base supporting a one-third over-lifesize sculpture of a <a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">howitzer</a> (a type of artillery field gun), which Jagger based on a gun in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a>. At the end of each arm of the cross is a sculpture of a soldier—an officer at the front (south side), a shell carrier on the east side, a driver on the west side, and at the rear (north) a dead soldier. The sides of the base are decorated with <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a> sculptures depicting wartime scenes. The realism of the memorial, with the depiction of the howitzer and the dead soldier, differed significantly from other First World War memorials, notably the influential <a href="/wiki/The_Cenotaph" title="The Cenotaph">Cenotaph</a>, which used pure architectural forms and classical symbolism. The design was controversial when unveiled; some critics viewed the dead soldier as too graphic or felt that the howitzer did not lend itself to rendition in stone. Nonetheless, the memorial was popular with others, including ex-servicemen, and later came to be recognised as Jagger's masterpiece and one of Britain's finest war memorials. </p><p>The memorial was unveiled by <a href="/wiki/Prince_Arthur,_Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn" title="Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn">Prince Arthur</a> on 18 October 1925. Dedications were later added to the memorial in memory of the 29,924 Royal Artillerymen killed in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. It underwent restoration in 2011 after years of weathering and water ingress. The memorial is a Grade I <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a> and is managed by <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>; it now shares its site with multiple other military monuments and war memorials. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Artillery_Memorial&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, which took place between 1914 and 1918, saw the extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a>, particularly on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>. Technical advances, combined with the relatively static nature of <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a>, made these guns a key element of the conflict: over half the casualties in the war were caused by artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artillery guns and their crews were themselves targets, and 49,076 members of the Royal Artillery died during the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stephenson,_p.144_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephenson,_p.144-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the years after the war, many former servicemen, including <a href="/wiki/Gunner_(rank)" title="Gunner (rank)">gunners</a>, found the scale of the losses difficult to deal with, or felt that their trust in the political leadership that had led them into the war had been challenged.<sup id="cite_ref-Miles,_p.102_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles,_p.102-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Visual reminders of the conflict were often avoided: mutilated servicemen, for example, were banned in the 1920s from joining in veterans' marches, and those with facial injuries often hid them in public.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Where sculpture of human figures was used in <a href="/wiki/First_World_War_memorials" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War memorials">First World War memorials</a>, it tended to depict allegorical figures such as Peace or <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(mythology)" title="Victoria (mythology)">Victory</a>. Sculptures of soldiers were uncommon. Where they were used, the soldiers appeared healthy and smartly presented in military uniform, not dishevelled or injured.<sup id="cite_ref-A&M92_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A&M92-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Royal Artillery War Commemoration Fund (RAWCF) was formed in 1918, made up of a mixture of commissioned officers and <a href="/wiki/Other_ranks_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Other ranks (UK)">other ranks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BlackP141_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackP141-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RAWCF's intention was to remember the artillerymen who had died during the war, and after some discussions of various options, including purchasing a house for wounded soldiers, or building a number of small shrines across the country, the RAWCF decided to construct a single memorial to the fallen Royal Artillery servicemen. Memorials to lost servicemen from the previous major conflict, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">South African War</a> fought between 1899 and 1902, had been widely criticised as being unimaginative and members of the RAWCF were unimpressed by the Royal Artillery's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery_Boer_War_Memorial" title="Royal Artillery Boer War Memorial">memorial to that war</a>, located on <a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_London" title="The Mall, London">the Mall</a>. As a result of these problems, the prominent artist Sir <a href="/wiki/Edward_Poynter" title="Edward Poynter">Edward Poynter</a> put forward recommendations that far more care, time and funding be given to the construction of future war memorials, which were taken on board by the RAWCF.<sup id="cite_ref-Curl8183_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curl8183-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The RAWCF first explored the option of joining some form of national commemoration which was under consideration in the aftermath of the First World War, initially wishing to spend only a small proportion of the fund on a physical monument. Plans were floated for a national memorial in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> or on the Mall. Another option mooted was a memorial cloister attached to <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, with contributions from the Royal Artillery and other regiments, though this was quickly discarded as unlikely to gain approval from the relevant authorities. The national proposals stalled, partly because of concerns that individual regiments would not be able to maintain their individuality—something of great importance to the RAWCF—within a uniform whole. The RAWCF began exploring sites for its own individual monument, either at <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Corner" title="Hyde Park Corner">Hyde Park Corner</a> or on the edge of <a href="/wiki/Garden_at_Buckingham_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden at Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace gardens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RAWCF sought a design that would be "unmistakably recognisable" as an artillery monument, and were insistent that the eventual designer take detailed advice from a junior officer who had served in the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Curl8183_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curl8183-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BlackP141_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackP141-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commissioning">Commissioning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Artillery_Memorial&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Commissioning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BL_9.2-inch_howitzer_on_display_outside_the_Australian_War_Memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/BL_9.2-inch_howitzer_on_display_outside_the_Australian_War_Memorial.jpg/220px-BL_9.2-inch_howitzer_on_display_outside_the_Australian_War_Memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/BL_9.2-inch_howitzer_on_display_outside_the_Australian_War_Memorial.jpg/330px-BL_9.2-inch_howitzer_on_display_outside_the_Australian_War_Memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/BL_9.2-inch_howitzer_on_display_outside_the_Australian_War_Memorial.jpg/440px-BL_9.2-inch_howitzer_on_display_outside_the_Australian_War_Memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3346" data-file-height="2505" /></a><figcaption>A surviving howitzer of the type represented on the Royal Artillery Memorial, this one in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial" title="Australian War Memorial">Australian War Memorial</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, seen in 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>The RAWCF first examined a design by Captain <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Jones_(sculptor)" title="Adrian Jones (sculptor)">Adrian Jones</a>, who produced the Boer War Cavalry Memorial a few years before, but his design was rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-Curl_83_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curl_83-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skelton_150_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skelton_150-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Next, the committee contacted the architects Sir <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens" title="Edwin Lutyens">Edwin Lutyens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Baker" title="Herbert Baker">Herbert Baker</a>, and Sir <a href="/wiki/Aston_Webb" title="Aston Webb">Aston Webb</a> (designer of the regiment's Boer War memorial). Lutyens sent in three designs, each costed at less than £15,000 (approximately equivalent to £853,000 in 2023), but several committee members felt them to be too similar to <a href="/wiki/The_Cenotaph" title="The Cenotaph">the Cenotaph</a> and to give insufficient prominence to artillery. Further problems arose when the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Works" title="Office of Works">Office of Works</a> stated that it would not approve Lutyens' designs on the grounds that all would be too tall for their surroundings. After the RAWCF insisted that a howitzer be prominently incorporated into the designs, Lutyens withdrew. Baker disagreed with the concept of single service monuments, but submitted a proposal costed at over £25,000 (approximately equivalent to £1,421,000 in 2023), which was declined and he withdrew from the project. Webb declined to submit a proposal and also withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-Curl_83_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curl_83-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skelton_150_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skelton_150-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The committee then approached the sculptor <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sargeant_Jagger" title="Charles Sargeant Jagger">Charles Sargeant Jagger</a> in early 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-Curl_83_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curl_83-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jagger trained as a <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">metal engraver</a> before attending the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art" title="Royal College of Art">Royal College of Art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served in the infantry during the First World War and was injured at the battles of <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neuve-%C3%89glise" title="Neuve-Église">Neuve-Église</a>, being awarded the <a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the war, Jagger became involved in the design of war memorials, which formed the basis of his artistic reputation. His first major memorial commission was the <a href="/wiki/Hoylake_and_West_Kirby_War_Memorial" title="Hoylake and West Kirby War Memorial">Hoylake and West Kirby War Memorial</a>. The realism and starkness of the sculptures there marked Jagger out as unconventional among war memorial designers. Nonetheless, it was highly celebrated after it was exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy">Royal Academy</a> in 1921, and led to other commissions across England and on foreign battlefields. Other examples include the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway_War_Memorial" title="Great Western Railway War Memorial">Great Western Railway War Memorial</a> at <a href="/wiki/Paddington_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Paddington station">Paddington station</a> in London, <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_War_Memorial" title="Portsmouth War Memorial">Portsmouth War Memorial</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Belgian_Memorial_(Brussels)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Belgian Memorial (Brussels)">Anglo-Belgian Memorial</a> in Brussels, though the Royal Artillery memorial is arguably his leading work.<sup id="cite_ref-Boorman_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boorman-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abousnnouga_92_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abousnnouga_92-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of these works were in the design stage or under construction concurrently. Jagger was approached by the RAWCF both because of his reputation as a designer and because of his service as an infantry officer, although the American artist <a href="/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent" title="John Singer Sargent">John Sargent</a>, a patron of Jagger's, may have encouraged the committee to consider the young artist.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General <a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Du_Cane" title="John Philip Du Cane">Sir John Du Cane</a>, a member of the RAWCF committee, encouraged his fellow members to consider Jagger on the grounds that the memorial would be the work which established Jagger's reputation and thus the sculptor would produce his best work. The RAWCF requested that he submit a model for a realist sculpture, which should include a group of soldiers in bronze on a pedestal. The RAWCF felt that a realist design would have broader appeal and would be inclusive of the tastes of ordinary artillerymen—rather than catering solely for the tastes of the officers—while at the same time creating a historical record of the era for future generations.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ99_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ99-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Artillery_Memorial_Relief_Trimmed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Artillery_Memorial_Relief_Trimmed.jpg/220px-Royal_Artillery_Memorial_Relief_Trimmed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Artillery_Memorial_Relief_Trimmed.jpg/330px-Royal_Artillery_Memorial_Relief_Trimmed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Artillery_Memorial_Relief_Trimmed.jpg/440px-Royal_Artillery_Memorial_Relief_Trimmed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption>Part of the memorial's carved <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">reliefs</a>, showing gunners operating a trench howitzer</figcaption></figure> <p>Jagger engaged the architect <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Pearson" title="Lionel Pearson">Lionel Pearson</a> to design the stone structure of the memorial, and through June and July 1921 the RAWCF and the authorities considered the proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephenson,_p.144_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephenson,_p.144-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jagger's model was similar to the eventual memorial, but had only two gunners at either end of an oblong memorial; the howitzer on the top was smaller than the eventual version, and pointed sideways, rather than lengthways along the pedestal.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In reporting to the committee, Jagger said that he felt strongly that the design should unashamedly focus on the events of the war, noting that it "should <i>in every sense</i> be a war memorial".<sup id="cite_ref-BlackP141_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackP141-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jagger explained that the artillery had "terrific power" and was the "last word in force", and that the howitzer he had chosen was the only suitable weapon to symbolise those capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-CurlP85_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CurlP85-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the design process, the committee presented Jagger with many suggestions. He gladly accepted their advice on technical matters related to artillery procedures and the appearance of the howitzer, but was protective of his artistic independence and would not brook suggestions which he felt would impinge on the quality of the work.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were concerns on the committee that the design would shock members of the public, especially women, but the RAWCF eventually voted 50 to 15 in favour of accepting the design and the proposed cost of £25,000.<sup id="cite_ref-BlackP141_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackP141-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jagger was formally awarded the contract for the memorial in March 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-CurlP85_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CurlP85-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jagger at that time was preoccupied with the Anglo-Belgian Memorial in Brussels and did not begin work on the Royal Artillery memorial until October, at which point he made several changes to the proposed design, which he submitted to the RAWCF early the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-CurlP85_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CurlP85-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revised memorial would be a third larger than before, cruciform in plan, and guarded by three bronze soldiers. Jagger rotated the howitzer by 90 degrees, bringing it into line with the main axis of the base, pointing towards the Wellington Arch. After much discussion—including advice from Lutyens and Sir <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Blomfield" title="Reginald Blomfield">Reginald Blomfield</a> representing the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fine_Arts_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Fine Arts Commission">Royal Fine Arts Commission</a>—Jagger agreed that the howitzer would point south to produce a pleasing silhouette from the park. The change also resolved an objection raised by <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">the King</a> about the "gloomy" figure on the front of the memorial staring down <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Hill,_London" title="Constitution Hill, London">Constitution Hill</a> towards Buckingham Palace.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ99_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ99-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year-long debate occurred within the RAWCF as to what inscription should be placed on the memorial, adding to the delay.<sup id="cite_ref-CurlP94_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CurlP94-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jagger made another change in early 1924, adding an effigy of a dead soldier to the fourth side of the memorial, in keeping with the soldiers on the other three sides. The proposal proved controversial. Although recumbent effigies were not uncommon on tombs and (to a lesser extent) war memorials, a sculpture of a dead soldier at eye level was an unusual and dramatic feature among First World War memorials—architects often preferred abstract, classical designs (such as the Cenotaph) or portrayed death through allegory. Jagger was adamant about the inclusion, even offering to pay for the casting of the additional figure himself.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ99_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ99-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BB_33_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BB_33-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After considerable debate, the RAWCF agreed to the modification.<sup id="cite_ref-CurlP94_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CurlP94-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-King_135_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King_135-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jagger's work continued to take longer than planned, partially due to shortages of staff, the need to approve each amendment to the plan, and practical problems on the site itself.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The names of his models for three of the statues are known—William Fosten for the driver, another ex-gunner called Metcalfe for the ammunition carrier, and Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Bennett" title="Eugene Paul Bennett">Eugene Paul Bennett</a>, VC, who fought in the same regiment as Jagger, for the commander.<sup id="cite_ref-BB_33_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BB_33-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_symbolism">Design and symbolism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Artillery_Memorial&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Design and symbolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artillery_memorial_officer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Artillery_memorial_officer.jpg/170px-Artillery_memorial_officer.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Artillery_memorial_officer.jpg/255px-Artillery_memorial_officer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Artillery_memorial_officer.jpg/340px-Artillery_memorial_officer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The bronze statue of the artillery captain</figcaption></figure> <p>The Royal Artillery Memorial is located in what Malcolm Miles has termed the "leafy traffic island" of Hyde Park Corner in central London.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of several war memorials which dominate the roundabout and its surrounds; it is directly opposite the <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Arch" title="Wellington Arch">Wellington Arch</a> while at the north end is another memorial to the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a> in the form of an equestrian statue. Other memorials in the vicinity include the <a href="/wiki/Machine_Gun_Corps_Memorial" title="Machine Gun Corps Memorial">Machine Gun Corps Memorial</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial,_London" title="Australian War Memorial, London">Australian</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_War_Memorial,_London" title="New Zealand War Memorial, London">New Zealand</a> war memorials, and the <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Gates,_London" title="Memorial Gates, London">Commonwealth Memorial Gates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Royal Artillery Memorial is 43 feet long, 21 feet wide and 30 feet high (13 metres by 6 metres by 9 metres); the pedestal and the one-third over-lifesize replica of a <a href="/wiki/BL_9.2-inch_howitzer" title="BL 9.2-inch howitzer">BL 9.2-inch howitzer</a>, modelled on a gun in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a>, that sits on top of it are made of <a href="/wiki/Portland_stone" title="Portland stone">Portland stone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephenson,_p.144_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephenson,_p.144-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BlackP141_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackP141-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plinth is in the form of a squat Roman cross. Cast by the A. B. Burton foundry, bronze figures are placed at the ends of each arm—an artillery captain holding a <a href="/wiki/Greatcoat" title="Greatcoat">greatcoat</a> at the front (facing south, below the barrel of the howitzer); a <a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">shell</a> carrier on the east side; a <a href="/wiki/Driver_(rank)" title="Driver (rank)">driver</a> wearing a heavy cape to the west; and to the north, a dead soldier on the north, his greatcoat thrown over him and his helmet resting on his chest.<sup id="cite_ref-NHLE_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHLE-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WJ97_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ97-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carved stone <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">reliefs</a> show various detailed military scenes from the First World War—two on each side, one larger than the other—and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom">Royal Arms</a> with the Artillery's cannon badge. The reliefs on the east side portray an action by <a href="/wiki/Heavy_artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy artillery">heavy artillery</a> and the crew of a howitzer; on the west side is an action involving <a href="/wiki/Horse_artillery" title="Horse artillery">horse artillery</a> and a signaller and telephonist on the smaller relief.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ97_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ97-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glaves-Smith,_p.61_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glaves-Smith,_p.61-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The memorial's main inscription on the west and east faces reads "In proud remembrance of the forty-nine thousand and seventy-six of all ranks of the Royal Regiment of Artillery who gave their lives for King and country in the Great War 1914—1919".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beneath the dead soldier is the inscription "Here was a royal fellowship of death", a quote from William Shakespeare's <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a></i>, which was suggested by Jagger himself.<sup id="cite_ref-BB_33_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BB_33-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WJ97_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ97-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="471" data-mwtitle="Loyd_Grossman_on_the_Royal_Artillery_Memorial.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Loyd_Grossman_on_the_Royal_Artillery_Memorial.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Loyd_Grossman_on_the_Royal_Artillery_Memorial.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/Loyd_Grossman_on_the_Royal_Artillery_Memorial.ogg/Loyd_Grossman_on_the_Royal_Artillery_Memorial.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Audio description of the memorial</figcaption></figure> <p>The memorial forms a sharp contrast with both the earlier monuments of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_War" class="mw-redirect" title="South African War">South African War</a> and most monuments contemporary to the First World War. Memorials of the South African War typically included figures of soldiers, sometimes dying in conflict, but always heroically in a "beautiful death". Classical symbolism was often used to distance the event of death from the observer, as typified in <a href="/wiki/William_Robert_Colton" title="William Robert Colton">William Colton</a>'s work for the <a href="/wiki/Worcester_Boer_War_Memorial" title="Worcester Boer War Memorial">Worcester Boer War Memorial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Glaves-Smith,_p.72_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glaves-Smith,_p.72-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most First World War memorials reacted to the criticism of this approach by adopting cleaner architectural forms, but still retaining the ideal of a "beautiful death", an approach which can be seen at Lutyens' <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Cenotaph" title="Southampton Cenotaph">Southampton Cenotaph</a>, the precursor to his more famous Cenotaph on <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a>. These memorials frequently used abstract designs intended to remove the viewer from the real world, and focus them on an idealised sense of self-sacrifice.<sup id="cite_ref-Skelton_150_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skelton_150-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glaves-Smith,_p.72_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glaves-Smith,_p.72-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soldiers in these memorials were still frequently depicted as <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homeric</a> warriors, and classical ideals and symbols remained popular, as can be seen at the Machine Gun Corps Memorial by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Derwent_Wood" title="Francis Derwent Wood">Francis Derwent Wood</a>, close to the Royal Artillery Memorial.<sup id="cite_ref-Miles,_p.102_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles,_p.102-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Where dead soldiers were shown, they were depicted in an image of serenity and peace, often physically distanced from the viewer on a high platform, the entire effect enhanced by the silence that traditionally surrounds ceremonies at the Cenotaph.<sup id="cite_ref-Glaves-Smith,_p.72_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glaves-Smith,_p.72-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carden-Coyne,_p.156_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carden-Coyne,_p.156-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artillery_Memorial_Driver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Artillery_Memorial_Driver.jpg/170px-Artillery_Memorial_Driver.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Artillery_Memorial_Driver.jpg/255px-Artillery_Memorial_Driver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Artillery_Memorial_Driver.jpg/340px-Artillery_Memorial_Driver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The bronze statue of the <a href="/wiki/Driver_(rank)" title="Driver (rank)">driver</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Royal Artillery Monument attempted a very different effect. Jagger takes a <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">realist</a> approach to his figures, embracing detailed images of military power with none of the classical symbolism of other monuments, or even Jagger's own pre-war pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-Carden-Coyne,_p.156_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carden-Coyne,_p.156-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The art historian Reginald Wilenski likens the memorial to the work of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Brangwyn" title="Frank Brangwyn">Frank Brangwyn</a>, who focused on depicting the physical labour of soldiers and workers during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The memorial shows the three upright bronze figures stood at ease, rather than to attention; the driver leans back against the parapet, his cape hanging over his outstretched arms, suggesting an attitude of exhaustion or contemplation. The faceless, heavily laden statue of the fallen soldier appears less at rest than exhausted, pulled down as if by a great weight.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the sheer size of the memorial, including the oversized gun and larger-than-life bronze figures, exudes a sense of strength and power; the figures are stocky, confident and imposing.<sup id="cite_ref-Miles,_p.102_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles,_p.102-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BlackP141_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackP141-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This contributes to the sense of <a href="/wiki/Masculinity" title="Masculinity">masculinity</a> that pervades the work, from the <a href="/wiki/Phallic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phallic">phallic</a> image of the howitzer, to the solid, muscular figures of the gunners.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shell_carrier_sculpture_on_East_side_of_First_World_War_Royal_Artillery_Memorial_at_Hyde_Park_Corner,_London,_England.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Shell_carrier_sculpture_on_East_side_of_First_World_War_Royal_Artillery_Memorial_at_Hyde_Park_Corner%2C_London%2C_England.jpg/220px-Shell_carrier_sculpture_on_East_side_of_First_World_War_Royal_Artillery_Memorial_at_Hyde_Park_Corner%2C_London%2C_England.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Shell_carrier_sculpture_on_East_side_of_First_World_War_Royal_Artillery_Memorial_at_Hyde_Park_Corner%2C_London%2C_England.jpg/330px-Shell_carrier_sculpture_on_East_side_of_First_World_War_Royal_Artillery_Memorial_at_Hyde_Park_Corner%2C_London%2C_England.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Shell_carrier_sculpture_on_East_side_of_First_World_War_Royal_Artillery_Memorial_at_Hyde_Park_Corner%2C_London%2C_England.jpg/440px-Shell_carrier_sculpture_on_East_side_of_First_World_War_Royal_Artillery_Memorial_at_Hyde_Park_Corner%2C_London%2C_England.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Shell carrier sculpture on East side</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite the realist nature of the bronze statues in the design, commentators have often also noted the dehumanising aspects of the memorial. Its sheer size and the bulk of the howitzer serve to distance the observer, which—according to art historian John Glaves-Smith—depersonalises the soldiers in a similar way to the <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubist</a> war paintings of <a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Lewis" title="Wyndham Lewis">Wyndham Lewis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_R._W._Nevinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher R. W. Nevinson">Richard Nevinson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The carved stone reliefs have an aggressive, hostile quality to them, a consequence of their focus on surface detail at the expense of the humans in the design.<sup id="cite_ref-Glaves-Smith,_p.61_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glaves-Smith,_p.61-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When questioned about his lifelike depictions, Jagger said that the "experience in the trenches persuaded me of the necessity for frankness and truth".<sup id="cite_ref-Abousnnouga_92_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abousnnouga_92-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historian John Glaves-Smith, the memorial uses themes of "endurance and sacrifice, not dynamism and conflict", and thus speaks to its audience about the experience of war in a way that the Cenotaph, for example, does not.<sup id="cite_ref-Miles,_p.102_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles,_p.102-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glaves-Smith,_p.72_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glaves-Smith,_p.72-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Artillery_Memorial&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Critical reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Artillery_Memorial_%E2%80%93_Here_Was_A_Royal_Fellowship_of_Death.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Royal_Artillery_Memorial_%E2%80%93_Here_Was_A_Royal_Fellowship_of_Death.jpg/220px-Royal_Artillery_Memorial_%E2%80%93_Here_Was_A_Royal_Fellowship_of_Death.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Royal_Artillery_Memorial_%E2%80%93_Here_Was_A_Royal_Fellowship_of_Death.jpg/330px-Royal_Artillery_Memorial_%E2%80%93_Here_Was_A_Royal_Fellowship_of_Death.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Royal_Artillery_Memorial_%E2%80%93_Here_Was_A_Royal_Fellowship_of_Death.jpg/440px-Royal_Artillery_Memorial_%E2%80%93_Here_Was_A_Royal_Fellowship_of_Death.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1646" data-file-height="983" /></a><figcaption>The bronze statue of the fallen artilleryman</figcaption></figure> <p>The Royal Artillery Memorial has been the subject of much critical discussion since its inception.<sup id="cite_ref-CurlP98_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CurlP98-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the RAWCF was pleased with its memorial, some members disapproved of the design and of the dead soldier in particular. Some felt that it was too graphic, or that it would be distressing to relatives and others who should have been consoled by the memorial, while a group of former artillerymen felt that any recumbent figure should be of a man just shot down so as to present a more heroic image. <a href="/wiki/Charles_ffoulkes" title="Charles ffoulkes">Charles ffoulkes</a>, the inaugural curator of the Imperial War Museum, was more impressed, and described the corpse as "a poignant and tremendous statement of fact which unconsciously makes the onlooker raise his hat".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The figure was shocking to a public who were unused to graphic images of the war due to censorship.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the unveiling, a vigorous debate occurred in the British newspapers about the memorial. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> was critical, comparing it unfavourably to the Cenotaph, while <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Mail">The Daily Mail</a></i> highlighted the cost of the monument, and argued that the money could have been better spent on directly caring for injured veterans.<sup id="cite_ref-BlackP141_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackP141-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skelton_150_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skelton_150-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the dead soldier and the howitzer drew particular comment; art critic <a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Image" title="Selwyn Image">Selwyn Image</a> complained about having any sort of artillery gun on the monument, while <a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Lord Curzon</a> was quoted as describing the howitzer as "a toad squatting, which is about to spit fire out of its mouth...nothing more hideous could ever be conceived".<sup id="cite_ref-CurlP81_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CurlP81-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Roger_Fry" title="Roger Fry">Roger Fry</a> criticised the conventional, secure structure that underpins the memorial.<sup id="cite_ref-CurlP81_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CurlP81-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Editorials in <i>The Times</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Builder" class="mw-redirect" title="The Builder">The Builder</a></i> both likened the howitzer to a children's toy, complaining that the gun did not lend itself to recreation in art. <i>The Builder</i> was sharply critical of the close relationship between the sculptor and the client, which it viewed as the root cause, believing that Jagger had given the artillerymen far too much influence over artistic matters.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ100_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ100-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London,_UK_-_panoramio_(453).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/London%2C_UK_-_panoramio_%28453%29.jpg/330px-London%2C_UK_-_panoramio_%28453%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/London%2C_UK_-_panoramio_%28453%29.jpg/495px-London%2C_UK_-_panoramio_%28453%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/London%2C_UK_-_panoramio_%28453%29.jpg/660px-London%2C_UK_-_panoramio_%28453%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2919" data-file-height="1642" /></a><figcaption>The west side of the memorial, showing the over-lifesize howitzer, with the <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Arch" title="Wellington Arch">Wellington Arch</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> <p>Other opinions were more positive. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Manchester_Guardian" class="mw-redirect" title="The Manchester Guardian">The Manchester Guardian</a></i> noted that the frankness of the portrayal was a "terrible revelation long overdue", and hoped that veterans would be able to show the monument to their wives and children as a way of explaining the events of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-BlackP142_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackP142-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ex-servicemen were quoted by the newspaper as reminiscing about the war as they examined the statue, and remarking on how the bronze figures had captured the reality of their time in the artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Illustrated_London_News" title="The Illustrated London News">The Illustrated London News</a></i> reported how, two days after the official ceremony, a crowd had gathered in the rain just before dawn to conduct a small ceremony at the memorial; the newspaper felt that this said more about the quality of the memorial than the more negative writings of art critics.<sup id="cite_ref-BlackP142_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackP142-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These voices eventually held sway, and the memorial came to be popularly termed "the special Cenotaph of the Gunners", <a href="/wiki/Lord_Edward_Gleichen" title="Lord Edward Gleichen">Lord Edward Gleichen</a> praising it in 1928 as "a strikingly imaginative and most worthy representation".<sup id="cite_ref-Stephenson,_p.144_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephenson,_p.144-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CurlP98_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CurlP98-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1930s, it was one of the best-known monuments in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-BlackP141_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackP141-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The memorial's reputation diminished in the <a href="/wiki/Postwar_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Postwar Britain (1945–1979)">post-war period</a>. The art critic <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Grigson" title="Geoffrey Grigson">Geoffrey Grigson</a> echoed Lord Curzon's comments, complaining in 1980 that it was a "squat toad of foolish stone".<sup id="cite_ref-CurlP81_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CurlP81-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A renewed focus on Jagger's works, including the Royal Artillery memorial, in the 1980s led to a fresh reappraisal of the piece; the most recent critical work on the memorial has described it as a "work of the highest quality and distinction".<sup id="cite_ref-CurlP98_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CurlP98-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Borg" title="Alan Borg">Alan Borg</a>, an art historian and Director of the Imperial War Museum, described the work in 1991 as "undoubtedly" Jagger's masterpiece, noting the quality of the sculptural work which makes it "one of the outstanding examples of 20th-century British art" and "perhaps the only war memorial" to be recognised as intrinsically important in its own right.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The memorial enjoyed a still higher profile in the 21st century. The architectural historian <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Stamp" title="Gavin Stamp">Gavin Stamp</a> compared its quality to the memorials of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a>, and in 2004, the art critic <a href="/wiki/Brian_Sewell" title="Brian Sewell">Brian Sewell</a> pronounced the Royal Artillery Memorial "the greatest sculpture of the twentieth century".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, in the memorial's entry on the <a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a>, remarks that the memorial "is now internationally recognised as one of the finest memorials to have been erected anywhere after the First World War. Its combination of sculptural force, boldness of conception, vivid narrative and humanity makes the memorial pre-eminent", and notes that "the inclusion of an over-life size corpse was boldly direct and is without parallel on any major British memorial".<sup id="cite_ref-NHLE_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHLE-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pevsner_Architectural_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Pevsner Architectural Guide">Pevsner Architectural Guide</a> for the area praises the detail in Jagger's sculptures, especially the corpse, and notes that the memorial is "now recognised as a masterpiece of British 20th century sculpture".<sup id="cite_ref-pevsner_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pevsner-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_history">Later history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Artillery_Memorial&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Artillery_Memorial,_Hyde_Park_Corner_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Royal_Artillery_Memorial%2C_Hyde_Park_Corner_%283%29.jpg/330px-Royal_Artillery_Memorial%2C_Hyde_Park_Corner_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Royal_Artillery_Memorial%2C_Hyde_Park_Corner_%283%29.jpg/495px-Royal_Artillery_Memorial%2C_Hyde_Park_Corner_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Royal_Artillery_Memorial%2C_Hyde_Park_Corner_%283%29.jpg/660px-Royal_Artillery_Memorial%2C_Hyde_Park_Corner_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a><figcaption>The memorial in 2016, following the 2011 cleaning and restoration work; the building behind is <a href="/wiki/The_Lanesborough" title="The Lanesborough">The Lanesborough</a> Hotel.</figcaption></figure> <p>The unveiling was originally scheduled for 28 June 1925 but early in 1925 Jagger's most capable assistant resigned, leaving Jagger to complete the work alone. He advised the RAWCF that it could not be completed in time without sacrificing quality. The memorial was eventually unveiled four months late on 18 October 1925 by <a href="/wiki/Prince_Arthur,_Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn" title="Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn">Prince Arthur</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarvis" title="Alfred Jarvis">Reverend Alfred Jarvis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaplain-General_to_the_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaplain-General to the Forces">Chaplain-General to the Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ100_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ100-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the delay, the RAWCF and Jagger parted on very good terms, the committee exceptionally pleased with the final memorial.<sup id="cite_ref-CurlP98_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CurlP98-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such was the toll on Jagger that after its unveiling he suspended work on all his other projects for six months to recuperate.<sup id="cite_ref-NHLE_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHLE-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bowdler_and_Brindle,_p.32_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowdler_and_Brindle,_p.32-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although at first the memorial met conflicting opinions, it further bolstered Jagger's professional reputation. He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Royal_British_Society_of_Sculptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal British Society of Sculptors">Royal British Society of Sculptors</a>' gold medal in 1926 and was admitted as an associate of the society later that year.<sup id="cite_ref-NHLE_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHLE-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A set of bronze tablets was added to the south of the memorial in 1949, lying on a flat plinth which replaced a set of steps. Designed by Darcy Braddell, the addition commemorates 29,924 Royal Artillerymen who were killed in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. They were unveiled by Princess Elizabeth (later Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-NHLE_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHLE-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bowdler_and_Brindle,_p.32_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowdler_and_Brindle,_p.32-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pevsner_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pevsner-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the years, pollution and water penetration caused damage to the bronzes and stonework. <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a> conducted a major restoration of the memorial during 2011, completed in time for <a href="/wiki/Armistice_Day" title="Armistice Day">Armistice Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1970 the memorial was designated a Grade II* <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a>, and in July 2014 it was one of five memorials in London to be upgraded to Grade I status to mark the centenary of the First World War.<sup id="cite_ref-NHLE_38-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHLE-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-centenary_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centenary-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Listed building status provides legal protection from demolition or modification. Grade II* is applied to "particularly important buildings of more than special interest" and applied to about 5.5 per cent of listed buildings; Grade I is reserved for structures of "the greatest historic interest", and applies to around 2.5 per cent of listed buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-grading_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grading-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The list entry notes its group value with the multiple other monuments on the Hyde Park Corner island (many of which are also listed), including the Wellington Arch and the multiple other war memorials.<sup id="cite_ref-NHLE_38-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHLE-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Artillery_Memorial&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Artillery_Memorial" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Royal Artillery Memorial">Royal Artillery Memorial</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_the_City_of_Westminster" title="Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster">Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_war_memorials_in_England" title="Grade I listed war memorials in England">Grade I listed war memorials in England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Hyde_Park,_London#Hyde_Park_Corner" title="List of public art in Hyde Park, London">List of public art in Hyde Park, London § Hyde Park Corner</a>, for other monuments in the vicinity</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Artillery_Memorial&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bailey, p.xvviii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bailey, p.239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stephenson,_p.144-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stephenson,_p.144_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephenson,_p.144_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephenson,_p.144_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephenson,_p.144_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephenson, p.144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miles,_p.102-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miles,_p.102_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles,_p.102_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles,_p.102_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles,_p.102_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Miles, p.102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carden-Coyne, pp.159–160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A&M92-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A&M92_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abousnnouga and Machin (2013), pp.92–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlackP141-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BlackP141_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlackP141_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlackP141_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlackP141_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlackP141_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlackP141_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlackP141_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlackP141_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Black (2004a), p.141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curl8183-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Curl8183_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curl8183_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Curl, pp.81–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ward-Jackson, p.98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephenson, p.144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curl_83-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Curl_83_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curl_83_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curl_83_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Curl, p.83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skelton_150-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Skelton_150_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skelton_150_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skelton_150_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skelton_150_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Skelton and Gliddon, p.150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compton (1985b), pp.9–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compton (1985b), p.15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King, p.124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Borg, p.80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boorman-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boorman_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boorman, p.154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abousnnouga_92-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Abousnnouga_92_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abousnnouga_92_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Abousnnouga and Machin (2013), p.92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compton (1985b), p.16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Black (2004a), p.141; Curl, p.84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ99-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WJ99_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WJ99_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WJ99_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ward-Jackson, p.99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Curl, p.89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King, pp.107, 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archer, pp. 188–189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Curl, pp.84–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CurlP85-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CurlP85_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CurlP85_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CurlP85_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Curl, p.85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King, p.118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CurlP94-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CurlP94_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CurlP94_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Curl, p.94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowdler and Brindle, p.31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BB_33-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BB_33_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BB_33_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BB_33_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowdler and Brindle, p.33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-King_135-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-King_135_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King, p.135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Curl, pp.94–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Black (2004b), p.161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Windrow, p.11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miles, p.103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthews, pp.127–131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quinlan, p.61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHLE-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NHLE_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHLE_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHLE_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHLE_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHLE_38-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHLE_38-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHLE_38-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1231613" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1231613?section=official-list-entry">"Royal Artillery Memorial (1231613)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Royal+Artillery+Memorial+%281231613%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1231613%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Artillery+Memorial" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Curl, pp.86–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Corke, p.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ97-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WJ97_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WJ97_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WJ97_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ward-Jackson, p.97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glaves-Smith,_p.61-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glaves-Smith,_p.61_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glaves-Smith,_p.61_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Glaves-Smith, p.61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, p.8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glaves-Smith,_p.72-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glaves-Smith,_p.72_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glaves-Smith,_p.72_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glaves-Smith,_p.72_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glaves-Smith,_p.72_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Glaves-Smith, p.72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carden-Coyne, p.155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carden-Coyne, p.158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carden-Coyne,_p.156-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carden-Coyne,_p.156_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carden-Coyne,_p.156_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carden-Coyne, p.156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glaves-Smith, p.78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carden-Coyne, p.157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dyer, p.62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glaves-Smith, p.21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abousnnouga and Machin (2008), p.136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carden-Coyne, pp.157–158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compton (1982b), p.8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glaves-Smith, pp.75–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CurlP98-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CurlP98_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CurlP98_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CurlP98_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CurlP98_56-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Curl, p.98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King, pp.139, 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abousnnouga and Machin (2013), p.151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CurlP81-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CurlP81_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CurlP81_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CurlP81_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Curl, p.81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WJ100-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WJ100_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WJ100_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ward-Jackson, p.100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlackP142-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BlackP142_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlackP142_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Black (2004a), p.142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glaves-Smith, pp.52, 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Borg, p.81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quinlan, p.46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pevsner-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pevsner_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pevsner_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradley and Pevsner, pp.658–659.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Curl, p.96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/128">"Royal Artillery"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/War_Memorials_Register" title="War Memorials Register">War Memorials Register</a></i>. Imperial War Museums. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115123742/https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/128">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=War+Memorials+Register&rft.atitle=Royal+Artillery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwm.org.uk%2Fmemorials%2Fitem%2Fmemorial%2F128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Artillery+Memorial" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowdler_and_Brindle,_p.32-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowdler_and_Brindle,_p.32_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowdler_and_Brindle,_p.32_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowdler and Brindle, p.32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compton (1985b), p.28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-15617376">"Royal Artillery Memorial repaired for Armistice Day"</a>. BBC News. 7 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115175449/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-15617376">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Royal+Artillery+Memorial+repaired+for+Armistice+Day&rft.date=2011-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-london-15617376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Artillery+Memorial" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-centenary-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-centenary_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/whats-new/news/first-world-war-centenary-marked-by-upgrading-listed-status-of-london-war-memorials/">"First World War Centenary Marked by Upgrading Listed Status of London War Memorials"</a>. Historic England. 16 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701160313/http://historicengland.org.uk/whats-new/news/first-world-war-centenary-marked-by-upgrading-listed-status-of-london-war-memorials">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+World+War+Centenary+Marked+by+Upgrading+Listed+Status+of+London+War+Memorials&rft.pub=Historic+England&rft.date=2014-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Fwhats-new%2Fnews%2Ffirst-world-war-centenary-marked-by-upgrading-listed-status-of-london-war-memorials%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Artillery+Memorial" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grading-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-grading_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/listing-and-grading-of-war-memorials/listing-and-grading-war-memorials/">"The Listing and Grading of War Memorials"</a>. Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201228100954/https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/listing-and-grading-of-war-memorials/listing-and-grading-war-memorials/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Listing+and+Grading+of+War+Memorials&rft.pub=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Fimages-books%2Fpublications%2Flisting-and-grading-of-war-memorials%2Flisting-and-grading-war-memorials%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Artillery+Memorial" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Artillery_Memorial&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Abousnnouga, Gill and Machin, David. (2008) "Defence Discourse I: the Visual Institutionalization of Discourses in War Monuments", in Mayr (ed) (2008).</li> <li>Abousnnouga, Gill and Machin, David. (2013) <i>The Language of War Monuments</i>. London: Bloomsbury Academic. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781623563332" title="Special:BookSources/9781623563332">9781623563332</a>.</li> <li>Archer, Geoff. (2009) <i>The Glorious Dead: Figurative Sculpture of British First World War Memorials</i>. Kirstead, Norfolk: Frontier Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781872914381" title="Special:BookSources/9781872914381">9781872914381</a>.</li> <li>Bailey, Jonathan B. A. (2004) <i>Field Artillery and Firepower</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781591140290" title="Special:BookSources/9781591140290">9781591140290</a>.</li> <li>Black, Jonathan. (2004a) "Thanks for the Memory: War Memorials, Spectatorship and the Trajectories of Commemoration 1919–2001", in Saunders (ed) (2004).</li> <li>Black, Jonathan. (2004b) "'Who Dies if England Live?' Masculinity, the Problematics and the Image of the Ordinary Soldier in British War Art, c.1915–1928", in Caunce, Mazierska, Sydney-Smith and Walton (eds) (2004).</li> <li>Boorman, Derek. (2005) <i>A Century of Remembrance: One Hundred Outstanding British War Memorials</i>. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781844153169" title="Special:BookSources/9781844153169">9781844153169</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Borg" title="Alan Borg">Borg, Alan</a>. (1991) <i>War Memorials: From Antiquity to the Present</i>. London: Leo Cooper <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780850523638" title="Special:BookSources/9780850523638">9780850523638</a>.</li> <li>Bowdler, Roger H and Brindle, Steven P. (2015) <i>Wellington Arch, Marble Arch and Six Great War Memorials</i>. (English Heritage Guidebooks) London: English Heritage <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781910907054" title="Special:BookSources/9781910907054">9781910907054</a>.</li> <li>Bradley, Simon and <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Pevsner" title="Nikolaus Pevsner">Pevsner, Nikolaus</a>. (2003) <i>London 6: Westminster</i>. (<a href="/wiki/The_Buildings_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="The Buildings of England">The Buildings of England</a>) New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300095951" title="Special:BookSources/9780300095951">9780300095951</a>.</li> <li>Caunce, Steven, Ewa Mazierska, Susan Sydney-Smith and John K. Walton (eds) (2004) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TChryjhu2DIC">Relocating Britishness</a></i>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719070266" title="Special:BookSources/9780719070266">9780719070266</a>.</li> <li>Carden-Coyne, Ana. (2009) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KyUoegPr_HYC">Reconstructing the Body: Classicism, Modernism, and the First World War</a></i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199546466" title="Special:BookSources/9780199546466">9780199546466</a>.</li> <li>Codell, Julie F. (ed) (2008) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=srEYIpCHd0IC">The Political Economy of Art: Making the Nation of Culture</a></i>. Cranbury, New Jersey: Associated University Presses. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780838641682" title="Special:BookSources/9780838641682">9780838641682</a>.</li> <li>Compton, Ann. (ed) (1985a) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5-2jOQAACAAJ&q=charles+sargeant+jagger+compton">Charles Sargeant Jagger: War and Peace Sculpture</a></i>. London: Imperial War Museum. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780901627315" title="Special:BookSources/9780901627315">9780901627315</a>.</li> <li>Compton, Ann. (1985b) "A Sculptural Biography," in Compton (ed) (1985a).</li> <li>Cooper, Charles Samuel. (1928) <i>The Outdoor Monuments of London: Statues, Memorial Buildings, Tablets and War Memorials</i>. London: The Homeland Association <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2067198">2067198</a>.</li> <li>Corke, Jim. (2005) <i>War Memorials in Britain</i>. Oxford: Shire Publications <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780747806264" title="Special:BookSources/9780747806264">9780747806264</a>.</li> <li>Curl, James Stevens. (1985) "The Royal Artillery Memorial at Hyde Park Corner", in Compton (ed) (1985a).</li> <li>Dyer, Geoff. (2009) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UlBNPgAACAAJ&q=geoff+dyer+missing+of+the+somme">The Missing of the Somme</a></i>. London: Phoenix <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780753827543" title="Special:BookSources/9780753827543">9780753827543</a>.</li> <li>Glaves-Smith, John. (1985) "Realism and Propaganda in the Work of Charles Sargeant Jagger and their Relationship to Artistic Tradition", in Compton (ed) (1985a).</li> <li>King, Alex. (1998) <i>Memorials of the Great War in Britain: The Symbolism and Politics of Remembrance</i> Oxford: Berg Publishers <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781859739884" title="Special:BookSources/9781859739884">9781859739884</a>.</li> <li>Matthews, Peter. (2012) <i>London's Statues and Monuments</i>. Oxford: Shire Library <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780747807988" title="Special:BookSources/9780747807988">9780747807988</a>.</li> <li>Mayr, Andrea. (ed) (2008) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7mw5LHs5C2kC">Language and Power: An Introduction to Institutional Discourse</a></i>. London: Continuum. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826487438" title="Special:BookSources/9780826487438">9780826487438</a>.</li> <li>Miles, Malcolm. (2004) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m3tTU0p3qOMC">Urban Avant-Gardes: Art, Architecture and Change</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></i>. Abingdon: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415266871" title="Special:BookSources/9780415266871">9780415266871</a>.</li> <li>Quinlan, Mark. (2005) <i>British War Memorials</i>. Hereford: Authors Online <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780755201860" title="Special:BookSources/9780755201860">9780755201860</a>.</li> <li>Saunders, Nicholas J. (ed) (2004) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rfeu_xWrtHQC">Matters of Conflict: Material Culture, Memory and the First World War</a></i>. Abingdon: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415280532" title="Special:BookSources/9780415280532">9780415280532</a>.</li> <li>Skelton, Tim and Gliddon, Gerald. (2009) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OMVHqaJKuH8C">Lutyens and the Great War</a></i>. London: Frances Lincoln <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780711228788" title="Special:BookSources/9780711228788">9780711228788</a>.</li> <li>Stephenson, Andrew P. "Palimpsestic Promenades: Memorial Environments and the Consumption of Space in Post-1918 London", in Codell (ed) (2008).</li> <li>Ward-Jackson, Philip. (2011) <i>Public Sculpture of Historic Westminster: Volume 1</i>. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846316913" title="Special:BookSources/9781846316913">9781846316913</a>.</li> <li>Windrow, Martin. (2008) <i>Osprey Men-at-Arms: A Celebration</i>. Botley: Osprey Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846034374" title="Special:BookSources/9781846034374">9781846034374</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Charles_Sargeant_Jagger" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Charles_Sargeant_Jagger" title="Template:Charles Sargeant Jagger"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Charles_Sargeant_Jagger" title="Template talk:Charles Sargeant Jagger"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Charles_Sargeant_Jagger" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Charles Sargeant Jagger"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Charles_Sargeant_Jagger" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sargeant_Jagger" title="Charles Sargeant Jagger">Charles Sargeant Jagger</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sculptures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_War_Memorial" title="Portsmouth War Memorial">Portsmouth War Memorial</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway_War_Memorial" title="Great Western Railway War Memorial">Great Western Railway War Memorial</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoylake_and_West_Kirby_War_Memorial" title="Hoylake and West Kirby War Memorial">Hoylake and West Kirby War Memorial</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Belgian_Memorial,_Brussels" title="Anglo-Belgian Memorial, Brussels">Anglo-Belgian Memorial, Brussels</a> (1923)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal Artillery Memorial</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Tewfik_Memorial" title="Port Tewfik Memorial">Port Tewfik Memorial</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrai_Memorial_to_the_Missing" title="Cambrai Memorial to the Missing">Cambrai Memorial to the Missing</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaipur_Column" title="Jaipur Column">Jaipur Column</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Remembrance" title="Shrine of Remembrance">Shrine of Remembrance</a> (1934)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Lant%C3%A9ri" title="Édouard Lantéri">Édouard Lantéri</a> (master)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Jagger" title="Edith Jagger">Edith Jagger</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Jagger" title="David Jagger">David Jagger</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Sculpture" title="New Sculpture">New Sculpture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_art_and_memorials_in_London" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_art_in_London" title="Template:Public art in London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_art_in_London" title="Template talk:Public art in London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_art_in_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public art in London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_art_and_memorials_in_London" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_London" title="List of public art in London">Public art and memorials in London</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Portrait_sculpture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Portrait sculpture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_English_and_British_royalty_in_London" title="List of statues of English and British royalty in London">British/English<br />royalty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boadicea_and_Her_Daughters" title="Boadicea and Her Daughters">Boudica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Alfred_the_Great,_Southwark" title="Statue of Alfred the Great, Southwark">Alfred the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Coeur_de_Lion_(statue)" title="Richard Coeur de Lion (statue)">Richard I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Eleanor_Memorial_Cross" title="Queen Eleanor Memorial Cross">Queen Eleanor (Charing Cross)</a></li> <li>Edward VI <ul><li>St Thomas' Hospital: <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Edward_VI_(Scheemakers)" title="Statue of Edward VI (Scheemakers)">bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Edward_VI_(Cartwright)" title="Statue of Edward VI (Cartwright)">stone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Charles_I,_Charing_Cross" title="Equestrian statue of Charles I, Charing Cross">Charles I</a></li> <li>(Interregnum: <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Oliver_Cromwell,_Westminster" title="Statue of Oliver Cromwell, Westminster">Oliver Cromwell</a>)</li> <li>Charles II <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charles_II,_Royal_Hospital_Chelsea" title="Statue of Charles II, Royal Hospital Chelsea">Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charles_II,_Soho_Square" title="Statue of Charles II, Soho Square">Soho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Charles_II_trampling_Cromwell" title="Equestrian statue of Charles II trampling Cromwell">Stocks Market</a>†</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_II,_Trafalgar_Square" title="Statue of James II, Trafalgar Square">James II</a></li> <li>William III <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_William_III,_Kensington_Palace" title="Statue of William III, Kensington Palace">Kensington Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_William_III,_London" title="Equestrian statue of William III, London">St James's</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anne <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Anne,_St_Paul%27s_Churchyard" title="Statue of Queen Anne, St Paul's Churchyard">St Paul's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Anne,_Queen_Anne%27s_Gate" title="Statue of Queen Anne, Queen Anne's Gate">Westminster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_III,_Somerset_House" title="Statue of George III, Somerset House">George III</a></li> <li>George IV <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Cross_(building)" title="King's Cross (building)">King's Cross</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_IV,_Trafalgar_Square" title="Equestrian statue of George IV, Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York_Column" title="Duke of York Column">Duke of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_William_IV" title="Statue of William IV">William IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Duke_of_Kent" title="Statue of the Duke of Kent">Duke of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_the_Duke_of_Cambridge" title="Equestrian statue of the Duke of Cambridge">Duke of Cambridge</a></li> <li>Victoria <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Kensington_Palace" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Kensington Palace">Kensington Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Memorial,_London" title="Victoria Memorial, London">Victoria Memorial</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prince Albert <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Memorial" title="Albert Memorial">Albert Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_Great_Exhibition" title="Memorial to the Great Exhibition">Memorial to the Great Exhibition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_V,_Westminster" title="Statue of George V, Westminster">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth_Memorial" title="King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Memorial">George VI and Queen Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_Queen_Elizabeth_II,_London" title="Memorial to Queen Elizabeth II, London">Elizabeth II</a> (planned)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Betjeman" title="Statue of John Betjeman">John Betjeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Bolan%27s_Rock_Shrine" title="Marc Bolan's Rock Shrine">Marc Bolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_(Steell)" title="Robert Burns (Steell)">Robert Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Thomas_Carlyle" title="Statue of Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charlie_Chaplin,_London" title="Statue of Charlie Chaplin, London">Charlie Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poets%27_Fountain" title="Poets' Fountain">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie_Memorial" title="Agatha Christie Memorial">Agatha Christie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Donne_Memorial" title="John Donne Memorial">John Donne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Henry_Irving" title="Statue of Henry Irving">Henry Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Michael_Jackson_(Fulham_F.C.)" title="Statue of Michael Jackson (Fulham F.C.)">Michael Jackson</a>†</li> <li>John Keats <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Keats,_Guy%27s_Hospital" title="Statue of John Keats, Guy's Hospital">Guy's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Keats,_Moorgate" title="Statue of John Keats, Moorgate">Moorgate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poets%27_Fountain" title="Poets' Fountain">John Milton</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Orwell" title="Statue of George Orwell">George Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Joshua_Reynolds" title="Statue of Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a></li> <li>William Shakespeare <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Heminges_and_Henry_Condell_Memorial" title="John Heminges and Henry Condell Memorial">Heminges and Condell Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_William_Shakespeare,_Leicester_Square" title="Statue of William Shakespeare, Leicester Square">Leicester Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poets%27_Fountain" title="Poets' Fountain">Park Lane</a>†</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan_Memorial" title="Arthur Sullivan Memorial">Arthur Sullivan</a></li> <li>Oscar Wilde <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_Oscar_Wilde" title="Head of Oscar Wilde">Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Conversation_with_Oscar_Wilde" title="A Conversation with Oscar Wilde">Covent Garden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Amy_Winehouse" title="Statue of Amy Winehouse">Amy Winehouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Captain_James_Cook,_The_Mall" title="Statue of Captain James Cook, The Mall">James Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Yuri_Gagarin,_Greenwich" title="Statue of Yuri Gagarin, Greenwich">Yuri Gagarin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Merchants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Cass" title="Statue of John Cass">John Cass</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Thomas_Guy" title="Statue of Thomas Guy">Thomas Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_and_Alice_Hogg_Memorial" title="Quintin and Alice Hogg Memorial">Quintin Hogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Milligan" title="Statue of Robert Milligan">Robert Milligan</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Hugh_Myddelton,_Islington_Green" title="Statue of Hugh Myddelton, Islington Green">Hugh Myddelton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Viscount_Alanbrooke,_London" title="Statue of the Viscount Alanbrooke, London">Lord Alanbrooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Baden-Powell,_London" title="Statue of Robert Baden-Powell, London">Lord Baden-Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Ferdinand_Foch,_London" title="Equestrian statue of Ferdinand Foch, London">Ferdinand Foch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_General_Gordon" title="Statue of General Gordon">Charles George Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Haig_Memorial" title="Earl Haig Memorial">Earl Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Henry_Havelock,_Trafalgar_Square" title="Statue of Henry Havelock, Trafalgar Square">Henry Havelock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Earl_Kitchener,_London" title="Statue of the Earl Kitchener, London">Lord Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Viscount_Montgomery,_London" title="Statue of the Viscount Montgomery, London">Lord Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Earl_Mountbatten,_London" title="Statue of the Earl Mountbatten, London">Lord Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charles_James_Napier,_Trafalgar_Square" title="Statue of Charles James Napier, Trafalgar Square">Charles James Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column" title="Nelson's Column">Admiral Lord Nelson (Nelson's Column)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_Outram,_London" title="Statue of James Outram, London">James Outram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_the_Earl_Roberts,_London" title="Equestrian statue of the Earl Roberts, London">Lord Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Viscount_Slim,_London" title="Statue of the Viscount Slim, London">Viscount Slim</a></li> <li>Duke of Wellington <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_the_Duke_of_Wellington,_City_of_London" title="Equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington, City of London">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_the_Duke_of_Wellington,_Hyde_Park_Corner" title="Equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington, Hyde Park Corner">Hyde Park Corner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Stuart_White" title="Equestrian statue of George Stuart White">George Stuart White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_the_Viscount_Wolseley" title="Equestrian statue of the Viscount Wolseley">Lord Wolseley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Nurses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Cavell_Memorial" title="Edith Cavell Memorial">Edith Cavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Florence_Nightingale,_London" title="Statue of Florence Nightingale, London">Florence Nightingale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mary_Seacole" title="Statue of Mary Seacole">Mary Seacole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">British</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Prime ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Clement_Attlee" title="Statue of Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Canning,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of George Canning, Parliament Square">George Canning</a></li> <li>Winston Churchill <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Winston_Churchill,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Winston Churchill, Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Winston_Churchill,_Woodford" title="Statue of Winston Churchill, Woodford">Woodford</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Earl_of_Derby,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of the Earl of Derby, Parliament Square">Lord Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Disraeli,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Benjamin Disraeli, Parliament Square">Benjamin Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_David_Lloyd_George,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of David Lloyd George, Parliament Square">David Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstone_Memorial,_London" title="Gladstone Memorial, London">William Ewart Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Lord_Palmerston,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Lord Palmerston, Parliament Square">Lord Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Peel,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Robert Peel, Parliament Square">Robert Peel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Other politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Clayton" title="Statue of Robert Clayton">Robert Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Clive,_London" title="Statue of Robert Clive, London">Robert Clive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Duke_of_Devonshire,_Whitehall" title="Statue of the Duke of Devonshire, Whitehall">Duke of Devonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charles_James_Fox" title="Statue of Charles James Fox">Charles James Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Henry_Bartle_Frere" title="Statue of Henry Bartle Frere">Henry Bartle Frere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sidney_Herbert,_London" title="Statue of Sidney Herbert, London">Sidney Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Wilfrid_Lawson,_London" title="Statue of Wilfrid Lawson, London">Wilfrid Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_to_Simon_Milton" title="List of monuments and memorials to Simon Milton">Simon Milton (Paddington, St James's, Southwark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_1st_Marquess_of_Westminster,_Belgravia" title="Statue of the 1st Marquess of Westminster, Belgravia">Marquess of Westminster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar,_London" title="Statue of Simón Bolívar, London">Simón Bolívar</a></li> <li>Mahatma Gandhi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Tavistock_Square" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Tavistock Square">Bloomsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Parliament Square">Westminster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charles_de_Gaulle,_London" title="Statue of Charles de Gaulle, London">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Haile_Selassie" title="Bust of Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial,_London" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial, London">John F. Kennedy</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln:_The_Man" title="Abraham Lincoln: The Man">Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela, Parliament Square">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Karl_Marx" title="Tomb of Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Peter_the_Great,_Deptford" title="Statue of Peter the Great, Deptford">Peter the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn,_London" title="Statue of José de San Martín, London">José de San Martín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jan_Smuts,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Jan Smuts, Parliament Square">Jan Smuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Trajan,_Tower_Hill" title="Statue of Trajan, Tower Hill">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Saint_Volodymyr,_London" title="Statue of Saint Volodymyr, London">Volodymyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Houdon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Houdon)">George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Thomas_Becket,_London" title="Statue of Thomas Becket, London">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Henry_Newman,_London" title="Statue of John Henry Newman, London">John Henry Newman</a></li> <li>John Wesley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Wesley,_St_Paul%27s_Churchyard" title="Statue of John Wesley, St Paul's Churchyard">St Paul's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Wesley,_Shoreditch" title="Statue of John Wesley, Shoreditch">Shoreditch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Science and<br />engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazalgette_Memorial" title="Bazalgette Memorial">Joseph Bazalgette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel,_Victoria_Embankment" title="Statue of Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Victoria Embankment">Isambard Kingdom Brunel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sigmund_Freud,_Hampstead" title="Statue of Sigmund Freud, Hampstead">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_James_Henry_Greathead,_London" title="Statue of James Henry Greathead, London">James Henry Greathead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sir_Nigel_Gresley" title="Statue of Sir Nigel Gresley">Nigel Gresley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Edward_Jenner,_London" title="Statue of Edward Jenner, London">Edward Jenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lister_Memorial" title="Joseph Lister Memorial">Joseph Lister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_(Paolozzi)" title="Newton (Paolozzi)">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Stephenson" title="Statue of Robert Stephenson">Robert Stephenson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Social reformers<br />and humanitarians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dr_Barnardo%27s_Memorial" title="Dr Barnardo's Memorial">Thomas Barnardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Millicent_Fawcett" title="Statue of Millicent Fawcett">Millicent Fawcett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_MacDonald_Memorial" title="Margaret MacDonald Memorial">Margaret MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmeline_and_Christabel_Pankhurst_Memorial" title="Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial">Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst_(artwork)" title="Sylvia Pankhurst (artwork)">Sylvia Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Raikes,_London" title="Statue of Robert Raikes, London">Robert Raikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Wallenberg_Monument,_London" title="Raoul Wallenberg Monument, London">Raoul Wallenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Harry_Kane" title="Statue of Harry Kane">Harry Kane</a></li> <li>Bobby Moore <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Cup_Sculpture" title="World Cup Sculpture">Upton Park—with Geoff Hurst, Martin Peters and Ray Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Bobby_Moore" title="Statue of Bobby Moore">Wembley</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Fictional<br />characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Paddington_Bear" title="Statue of Paddington Bear">Paddington Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pan_statue" title="Peter Pan statue">Peter Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes,_London" title="Statue of Sherlock Holmes, London">Sherlock Holmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talking_Statues" title="Talking Statues">Talking Statues</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Statues_in_London" class="extiw" title="commons:Statues in London">Statues in London on Wikimedia Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_monuments_and_memorials" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other monuments and memorials</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7_July_Memorial" title="7 July Memorial">7 July bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Alexandra_Memorial" title="Queen Alexandra Memorial">Queen Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Air_War_Memorial" title="Anti–Air War Memorial">Anti–air war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Bombings_Memorial,_London" title="Bali Bombings Memorial, London">Bali bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdett-Coutts_Memorial_Sundial" title="Burdett-Coutts Memorial Sundial">Lady Burdett-Coutts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheylesmore_Memorial" title="Cheylesmore Memorial">Lord Cheylesmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra%27s_Needle,_London" title="Cleopatra's Needle, London">Cleopatra's Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_Objectors_Commemorative_Stone" title="Conscientious Objectors Commemorative Stone">Conscientious objectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Blossom_Garden" title="London Blossom Garden">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday_Memorial" title="Michael Faraday Memorial">Michael Faraday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Firefighters_Memorial" title="National Firefighters Memorial">Firefighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Gates" title="Grace Gates">W. G. Grace</a></li> <li>Great Fire of London <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Boy_of_Pye_Corner" title="Golden Boy of Pye Corner">Golden Boy of Pye Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Great_Fire_of_London" title="Monument to the Great Fire of London">The Monument</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_Heroic_Self-Sacrifice" title="Memorial to Heroic Self-Sacrifice">Heroic self-sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathing_(memorial_sculpture)" title="Breathing (memorial sculpture)">Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Memorial_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Police Memorial (United Kingdom)">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Gate" title="Queen Elizabeth Gate">Queen Elizabeth Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_Crystal_Crown" title="Silver Jubilee Crystal Crown">Silver Jubilee Crystal Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromhead_Memorial" title="Bromhead Memorial">Star and Garter Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_Martyrs_Memorial" title="Stratford Martyrs Memorial">Stratford Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffragette_Memorial" title="Suffragette Memorial">Suffragettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wake_(sculpture)" title="The Wake (sculpture)">Victims of the Atlantic slave trade</a> (planned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Quay_Settlers_Monument" title="Virginia Quay Settlers Monument">Virginia colonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Arch" title="Wellington Arch">Wellington Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Monument,_London" title="Wellington Monument, London">Wellington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittington_Stone" title="Whittington Stone">Whittington Stone</a></li> <li>Windrush generation <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Custard_Apple_(Annonaceae),_Breadfruit_(Moraceae)_and_Soursop_(Annonaceae)" title="Custard Apple (Annonaceae), Breadfruit (Moraceae) and Soursop (Annonaceae)">Custard Apple (Annonaceae), Breadfruit (Moraceae) and Soursop (Annonaceae)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Windrush_Monument" title="National Windrush Monument">National Windrush Monument</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Sculpture_for_Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="A Sculpture for Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Pre-<abbr title="20th century">C20</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_War_Memorial" title="Animals in War Memorial">Animals in War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Crimean_War_Memorial" title="Guards Crimean War Memorial">Guards Brigade (Crimean War)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurkha_Memorial,_London" title="Gurkha Memorial, London">Gurkhas</a> (1816–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Arch" title="Marble Arch">Marble Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Memorial" title="New Zealand Memorial">New Zealand Campaign (1863–1864)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz_Memorial" title="Cádiz Memorial">Siege of Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Scholars_War_Memorial" title="Westminster Scholars War Memorial">Westminster School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Boer Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/61st_Battery_Royal_Field_Artillery_Boer_War_Memorial" title="61st Battery Royal Field Artillery Boer War Memorial">61st Battery Royal Field Artillery (Woolwich)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnet_Boys_School_Boer_War_Memorial" title="Barnet Boys School Boer War Memorial">Barnet Boys School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery_Boer_War_Memorial" title="Royal Artillery Boer War Memorial">Royal Artillery (The Mall)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Memorial" title="Royal Marines Memorial">Royal Marines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">WWI · WWII</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cenotaph" title="The Cenotaph">The Cenotaph</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_and_Caribbean_War_Memorial" title="African and Caribbean War Memorial">Africa and the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial,_London" title="Australian War Memorial, London">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain_Monument,_London" title="Battle of Britain Monument, London">Battle of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Belgian_Memorial,_London" title="Anglo-Belgian Memorial, London">Belgium</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blood_Swept_Lands_and_Seas_of_Red" title="Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red">Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_Railway_Memorial" title="Burma Railway Memorial">Burma Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Memorial" title="Canada Memorial">Canada</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9livrance" title="La Délivrance">La Délivrance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanders_Fields_Memorial_Garden" title="Flanders Fields Memorial Garden">Flanders Fields Memorial Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_George_Cross_Memorial" title="Malta George Cross Memorial">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Gates,_London" title="Memorial Gates, London">Memorial Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hill_Memorial" title="Tower Hill Memorial">Merchant Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_named_on_the_Tower_Hill_Memorial" title="List of ships named on the Tower Hill Memorial">Ships named on the memorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_War_Memorial,_London" title="New Zealand War Memorial, London">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Air_Force_Memorial" title="Polish Air Force Memorial">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_War_Memorial,_Richmond_Cemetery" title="South African War Memorial, Richmond Cemetery">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Submarine_War_Memorial" title="National Submarine War Memorial">Submarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Women_of_World_War_II" title="Monument to the Women of World War II">Women of World War II</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Regimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/24th_Division_War_Memorial" title="24th Division War Memorial">24th Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_of_the_Empire_Memorial" title="Cavalry of the Empire Memorial">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chindit_Memorial" title="Chindit Memorial">Chindits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Rifles_War_Memorial" title="Civil Service Rifles War Memorial">Civil Service Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Squadrons_Memorial" title="Eagle Squadrons Memorial">Eagle Squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm_Memorial" title="Fleet Air Arm Memorial">Fleet Air Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Memorial" title="Guards Memorial">Guards Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Camel_Corps_Memorial" title="Imperial Camel Corps Memorial">Imperial Camel Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_Gun_Corps_Memorial" title="Machine Gun Corps Memorial">Machine Gun Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifle_Brigade_War_Memorial" title="Rifle Brigade War Memorial">Rifle Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Memorial" title="Royal Air Force Memorial">Royal Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bomber_Command_Memorial" title="RAF Bomber Command Memorial">RAF Bomber Command</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Fusiliers_War_Memorial" title="Royal Fusiliers War Memorial">Royal Fusiliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Division_War_Memorial" title="Royal Naval Division War Memorial">Royal Naval Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Tank_Regiment_Memorial" title="Royal Tank Regiment Memorial">Royal Tank Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Local</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Troops_War_Memorial" title="London Troops War Memorial">London Troops</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkley_War_Memorial" title="Arkley War Memorial">Arkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromley_War_Memorial" title="Bromley War Memorial">Bromley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromley_Parish_Church_Memorial" title="Bromley Parish Church Memorial">parish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chingford_War_Memorial" title="Chingford War Memorial">Chingford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipping_Barnet_War_Memorial" title="Chipping Barnet War Memorial">Chipping Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockfosters_War_Memorial" title="Cockfosters War Memorial">Cockfosters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_Cenotaph" title="Croydon Cenotaph">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Barnet_War_Memorial" title="East Barnet War Memorial">East Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_memorials_in_Enfield_Town" title="War memorials in Enfield Town">Enfield Town</a> (3 memorials)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finchley_War_Memorial" title="Finchley War Memorial">Finchley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friern_Barnet_Parishioners_War_Memorial" title="Friern Barnet Parishioners War Memorial">Friern Barnet (parish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulham_War_Memorial" title="Fulham War Memorial">Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golders_Green_War_Memorial" title="Golders Green War Memorial">Golders Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampstead_War_Memorial" title="Hampstead War Memorial">Hampstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Wick_War_Memorial" title="Hampton Wick War Memorial">Hampton Wick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendon_War_Memorial" title="Hendon War Memorial">Hendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornsey_War_Memorial" title="Hornsey War Memorial">Hornsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_Green_War_Memorial" title="Islington Green War Memorial">Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Thames_War_Memorial" title="Kingston upon Thames War Memorial">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monken_Hadley_War_Memorial" title="Monken Hadley War Memorial">Monken Hadley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Barnet_War_Memorial" title="New Barnet War Memorial">New Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Malden_War_Memorial" title="New Malden War Memorial">New Malden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_Gate_Memorial_Cross" title="Lancaster Gate Memorial Cross">Paddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar_Recreation_Ground_Memorial" title="Poplar Recreation Ground Memorial">Poplar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainham_War_Memorial" title="Rainham War Memorial">Rainham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_War_Memorial,_London" title="Richmond War Memorial, London">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael_Cornhill_War_Memorial" title="St Michael Cornhill War Memorial">St Michael, Cornhill (parish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Saviour%27s_War_Memorial" title="St Saviour's War Memorial">St Saviour, Southwark (parish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvertown_War_Memorial" title="Silvertown War Memorial">Silvertown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streatham_War_Memorial" title="Streatham War Memorial">Streatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_War_Memorial" title="Twickenham War Memorial">Twickenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promenade_de_Verdun_War_Memorial" title="Promenade de Verdun War Memorial">Promenade de Verdun, Woodcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Green_War_Memorial" title="Wood Green War Memorial">Wood Green</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Corporate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Exchange_Memorial_Glass" title="Baltic Exchange Memorial Glass">Baltic Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England_War_Memorial" title="Bank of England War Memorial">Bank of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Medical_Association_War_Memorial" title="British Medical Association War Memorial">British Medical Association</a></li> <li>Dulwich College <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dulwich_Old_College_War_Memorial" title="Dulwich Old College War Memorial">Old</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulwich_College_War_Memorial" title="Dulwich College War Memorial">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Eastern_Railway_War_Memorial" title="Great Eastern Railway War Memorial">Great Eastern Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway_War_Memorial" title="Great Western Railway War Memorial">Great Western Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn_War_Memorial" title="Lincoln's Inn War Memorial">Lincoln's Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_and_North_Western_Railway_War_Memorial" title="London and North Western Railway War Memorial">London and North Western Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Brighton_and_South_Coast_Railway_War_Memorial" title="London, Brighton and South Coast Railway War Memorial">London, Brighton and South Coast Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Assurance_War_Memorial" title="Pearl Assurance War Memorial">Pearl Assurance</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livesey_Hall_War_Memorial" title="Livesey Hall War Memorial">South Suburban Gas Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Holocaust</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_Holocaust_Memorial" title="UK Holocaust Memorial">Victoria Tower Gardens</a> (planned)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Holocaust_Memorial" title="Hyde Park Holocaust Memorial">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindertransport_%E2%80%93_The_Arrival" title="Kindertransport – The Arrival">Kindertransport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolperstein_of_London" title="Stolperstein of London">Stolperstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Post-WWII</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Responses_to_Tragedy" title="Twelve Responses to Tragedy">Victims of Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War_Memorial,_London" title="Korean War Memorial, London">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_Afghanistan_Memorial" title="Iraq and Afghanistan Memorial">Iraq and Afghanistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Heritage_blue_plaques_in_London" title="List of English Heritage blue plaques in London">Blue plaques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Heritage_blue_plaques_in_the_London_Borough_of_Camden" title="List of English Heritage blue plaques in the London Borough of Camden">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Heritage_blue_plaques_in_the_Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="List of English Heritage blue plaques in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea">Kensington and Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Heritage_blue_plaques_in_the_City_of_Westminster" title="List of English Heritage blue plaques in the City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_works" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other works</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sculptures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atalanta_(sculpture)" title="Atalanta (sculpture)">Atalanta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Barbican_Muse" title="The Barbican Muse">The Barbican Muse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bellerophon_Taming_Pegasus" title="Bellerophon Taming Pegasus">Bellerophon Taming Pegasus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bermondsey_Lion" title="The Bermondsey Lion">The Bermondsey Lion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_4_(sculpture)" title="Big 4 (sculpture)">Big 4</a></i>‡</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bull_(sculpture)" title="Bull (sculpture)">Bull</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Burghers_of_Calais" title="The Burghers of Calais">The Burghers of Calais</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child_(sculpture)" title="Christ Child (sculpture)">Christ Child</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_(sculpture)" title="Cornerstone (sculpture)">Cornerstone</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_Dinosaurs" title="Crystal Palace Dinosaurs">Crystal Palace Dinosaurs</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Diver" title="The Diver">The Diver</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_lamp_standard" title="Dolphin lamp standard">Dolphin lamp standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_boundary_mark" title="Dragon boundary mark">Dragon boundary marks</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elfin_Oak" title="Elfin Oak">Elfin Oak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enwrought_Light" title="Enwrought Light">Enwrought Light</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Father_Time_(Lord%27s)" title="Father Time (Lord's)">Father Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fulcrum_(sculpture)" title="Fulcrum (sculpture)">Fulcrum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gold_Smelters" title="The Gold Smelters">The Gold Smelters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla_(sculpture)" title="Gorilla (sculpture)">Gorilla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hampstead_Figure" title="The Hampstead Figure">The Hampstead Figure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homage_to_Leonardo" title="Homage to Leonardo">Homage to Leonardo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Icarus_(sculpture)" title="Icarus (sculpture)">Icarus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Labyrinth_(artwork)" title="Labyrinth (artwork)">Labyrinth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Clock" title="Liberty Clock">Liberty Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Noses" title="London Noses">London Noses</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/London_Pride_(sculpture)" title="London Pride (sculpture)">London Pride</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meeting_Place_(sculpture)" title="The Meeting Place (sculpture)">The Meeting Place</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Messenger_(David_Wynne_sculpture)" title="The Messenger (David Wynne sculpture)">The Messenger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_armillary" title="Sutton armillary">Millennium Dial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monolith_and_Shadow" title="Monolith and Shadow">Monolith and Shadow</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Ladies" title="The Naked Ladies">The Naked Ladies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Neighbours" title="The Neighbours">The Neighbours</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Ship_in_a_Bottle" title="Nelson's Ship in a Bottle">Nelson's Ship in a Bottle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nike_(Kougioumtzis)" title="Nike (Kougioumtzis)">Nike</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paternoster_Vents" title="Paternoster Vents">Paternoster Vents</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peckham_Arch" title="Peckham Arch">Peckham Arch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Energy_(sculpture)" title="Physical Energy (sculpture)">Physical Energy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platforms_Piece" title="Platforms Piece">Platforms Piece</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Urn" title="Pope's Urn">Pope's Urn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putney_Sculpture_Trail" title="Putney Sculpture Trail">Putney Sculpture Trail</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Beasts" title="The Queen's Beasts">The Queen's Beasts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rush_of_Green" title="The Rush of Green">The Rush of Green</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cross" title="St Paul's Cross">St Paul's Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_in_the_City" title="Sculpture in the City">Sculpture in the City</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylon_(Festival_of_Britain)" title="Skylon (Festival of Britain)">Skylon</a>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slipstream_(sculpture)" title="Slipstream (sculpture)">Slipstream</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bank_Lion" title="South Bank Lion">South Bank Lion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Water_(sculpture)" title="Still Water (sculpture)">Still Water</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tortoises_with_Triangle_and_Time" title="Tortoises with Triangle and Time">Tortoises with Triangle and Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traffic_Light_Tree" title="Traffic Light Tree">Traffic Light Tree</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Union_(Horse_with_Two_Discs)" title="Union (Horse with Two Discs)">Union (Horse with Two Discs)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Watchers_(sculpture)" title="The Watchers (sculpture)">The Watchers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Turned_Upside_Down_(sculpture)" title="The World Turned Upside Down (sculpture)">The World Turned Upside Down</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Lovers_(sculpture)" title="The Young Lovers (sculpture)">The Young Lovers</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_plinth" title="Fourth plinth">Fourth plinth, Trafalgar Square</a>‡</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_(sculpture)" title="The End (sculpture)">The End</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hahn/Cock" title="Hahn/Cock">Hahn/Cock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Ship_in_a_Bottle" title="Nelson's Ship in a Bottle">Nelson's Ship in a Bottle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_%26_Other" title="One & Other">One & Other</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Elisabeth Frink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blind_Beggar_and_his_Dog" title="Blind Beggar and his Dog">Blind Beggar and his Dog</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horse_and_Rider_(Frink)" title="Horse and Rider (Frink)">Horse and Rider</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paternoster_(sculpture)" title="Paternoster (sculpture)">Paternoster</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Barbara Hepworth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Meridian_(Hepworth)" title="Meridian (Hepworth)">Meridian</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Single_Form" title="Single Form">Single Form (Memorial)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Forms_(Divided_Circle)" title="Two Forms (Divided Circle)">Two Forms (Divided Circle)</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winged_Figure" title="Winged Figure">Winged Figure</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Henry Moore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Arch_1979%E2%80%931980" title="The Arch 1979–1980">The Arch 1979–1980</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Seated_Woman_1957%E2%80%9358" title="Draped Seated Woman 1957–58">Draped Seated Woman 1957–58</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knife_Edge_Two_Piece_1962%E2%80%9365" title="Knife Edge Two Piece 1962–65">Knife Edge Two Piece 1962–65</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Standing_Figure:_Knife_Edge" title="Standing Figure: Knife Edge">Large Standing Figure (Knife Edge)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Locking_Piece" title="Locking Piece">Locking Piece</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Standing_Figures_1947" title="Three Standing Figures 1947">Three Standing Figures 1947</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Eduardo Paolozzi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Artist_as_Hephaestus" title="The Artist as Hephaestus">The Artist as Hephaestus</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piscator_(Paolozzi)" title="Piscator (Paolozzi)">Piscator</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/The_Line_(art_trail)" title="The Line (art trail)">The Line</a>‡</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal_Orbit" title="ArcelorMittal Orbit">ArcelorMittal <i>Orbit</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here_(sculpture)" title="Here (sculpture)">Here</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Cloud" title="Quantum Cloud">Quantum Cloud</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Grip" title="Liberty Grip">Liberty Grip</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Slice_of_Reality" title="A Slice of Reality">A Slice of Reality</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Memorial_Fountain" title="Buxton Memorial Fountain">Buxton Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales_Memorial_Fountain" title="Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain">Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Fountain,_Bushy_Park" title="Diana Fountain, Bushy Park">Diana Fountain, Bushy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Fountain,_Green_Park" title="Diana Fountain, Green Park">Diana Fountain, Green Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VII_Jewish_Memorial_Drinking_Fountain" title="King Edward VII Jewish Memorial Drinking Fountain">Edward VII Jewish Memorial Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fawcett_Memorial" title="Henry Fawcett Memorial">Henry Fawcett Memorial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Horses_of_Helios" title="The Horses of Helios">The Horses of Helios</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilford_Place_drinking_fountain" title="Guilford Place drinking fountain">Guilford Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Fountain" title="Matilda Fountain">Matilda Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poets%27_Fountain" title="Poets' Fountain">Poets' Fountain</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readymoney_Drinking_Fountain" title="Readymoney Drinking Fountain">Readymoney Drinking Fountain</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolving_Torsion" title="Revolving Torsion">Revolving Torsion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_Fountain,_Roehampton" title="Drinking Fountain, Roehampton">Roehampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Lawrence_and_Mary_Magdalene_Drinking_Fountain" title="St Lawrence and Mary Magdalene Drinking Fountain">St Lawrence Jewry and St Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Memorial_Fountain" title="Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain">Shaftesbury Memorial</a> ("<i>Eros</i>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Henry_Somerset_Memorial" title="Lady Henry Somerset Memorial">Lady Henry Somerset Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroness_Burdett_Coutts_Drinking_Fountain" title="Baroness Burdett Coutts Drinking Fountain">Victoria Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Murals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brixton_murals" title="Brixton murals">Brixton</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_at_Play" title="Children at Play">Children at Play</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_Street_Mural" title="Cable Street Mural">Cable Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulwich_Outdoor_Gallery" title="Dulwich Outdoor Gallery">Dulwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Old_Kent_Road" title="History of the Old Kent Road">Old Kent Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Covid_Memorial_Wall" title="National Covid Memorial Wall">National Covid Memorial Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar_Rates_Rebellion_Mural" title="Poplar Rates Rebellion Mural">Poplar Rates Rebellion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poured_Lines" title="Poured Lines">Poured Lines</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_twin_towns_mural" title="Sutton twin towns mural">Sutton twin towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Heritage_Mosaic" title="Sutton Heritage Mosaic">Sutton Heritage Mosaic</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Banksy" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Banksy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/From_this_moment_despair_ends_and_tactics_begin" title="From this moment despair ends and tactics begin">From this moment despair ends and tactics begin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girl_with_Balloon" title="Girl with Balloon">Girl with Balloon</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Nation_Under_CCTV" title="One Nation Under CCTV">One Nation Under CCTV</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pulp_Fiction_(Banksy)" title="Pulp Fiction (Banksy)">Pulp Fiction</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slave_Labour_(mural)" title="Slave Labour (mural)">Slave Labour</a></i>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northala_Fields" title="Northala Fields">Northala Fields</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_on_the_Underground" title="Art on the Underground">Art on the Underground</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_on_the_Underground_Tube_map_covers" title="List of Art on the Underground Tube map covers">Tube map covers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm" title="Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm">Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Mural_Preservation_Society" title="London Mural Preservation Society">London Mural Preservation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Drinking_Fountain_and_Cattle_Trough_Association" title="Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association">Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_location" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By location</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_City_of_London" title="List of public art in the City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Barking_and_Dagenham" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham">Barking and Dagenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Barnet" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Barnet">Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Bexley" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Bexley">Bexley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Brent" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Brent">Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Bromley" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Bromley">Bromley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Camden" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Camden">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Croydon" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Croydon">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Ealing" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Ealing">Ealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Enfield" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Enfield">Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_Royal_Borough_of_Greenwich" title="List of public art in the Royal Borough of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Hackney" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Hackney">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Hammersmith_and_Fulham" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham">Hammersmith and Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Haringey" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Haringey">Haringey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Harrow" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Harrow">Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Havering" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Havering">Havering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Hillingdon" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Hillingdon">Hillingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Hounslow" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Hounslow">Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Islington" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Islington">Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="List of public art in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea">Kensington and Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_Royal_Borough_of_Kingston_upon_Thames" title="List of public art in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Lambeth" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Lambeth">Lambeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Lewisham" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Lewisham">Lewisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Merton" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Merton">Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Newham" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Newham">Newham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Redbridge" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Redbridge">Redbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Southwark" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Southwark">Southwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Sutton" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Sutton">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets">Tower Hamlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Waltham_Forest" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Waltham Forest">Waltham Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Wandsworth" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Wandsworth">Wandsworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_City_of_Westminster" title="List of public art in the City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Belgravia" title="List of public art in Belgravia">Belgravia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Covent_Garden" title="List of public art in Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Green_Park" title="List of public art in Green Park">Green Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Hyde_Park,_London" title="List of public art in Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Kensington" title="List of public art in Kensington">Kensington</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Kensington_Gardens" title="List of public art in Kensington Gardens">Kensington Gardens</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Knightsbridge" title="List of public art in Knightsbridge">Knightsbridge</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Mayfair" title="List of public art in Mayfair">Mayfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Millbank" title="List of public art in Millbank">Millbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Paddington" title="List of public art in Paddington">Paddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Pimlico" title="List of public art in Pimlico">Pimlico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_St_James%27s" title="List of public art in St James's">St James's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_St_Marylebone" title="List of public art in St Marylebone">St Marylebone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Soho" title="List of public art in Soho">Soho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Strand,_London" title="List of public art in Strand, London">Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Trafalgar_Square_and_the_vicinity" title="List of public art in Trafalgar Square and the vicinity">Trafalgar Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Victoria,_London" title="List of public art in Victoria, London">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_on_the_Victoria_Embankment" title="List of public art on the Victoria Embankment">Victoria Embankment</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Westminster" title="List of public art in Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Whitehall" title="List of public art in Whitehall">Whitehall</a></li></ul> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">Partly in Kensington and Chelsea</span></li> <li><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">Partly in Camden</span></li> <li><sup>3</sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">Partly in the City of London</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Key</b>: † No longer extant, on public display or in London (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_formerly_in_London" title="List of public art formerly in London">List of public art formerly in London</a>) <b>·</b>  ‡ Changing displays</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Artillery_Memorial&oldid=1233221788">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Artillery_Memorial&oldid=1233221788</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1925_sculptures" title="Category:1925 sculptures">1925 sculptures</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_military_memorials_and_cemeteries" title="Category:British military memorials and cemeteries">British military memorials and cemeteries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bronze_sculptures_in_the_City_of_Westminster" title="Category:Bronze sculptures in the City of Westminster">Bronze sculptures in the City of Westminster</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_completed_in_1925" title="Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1925">Buildings and structures completed in 1925</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Hyde_Park,_London" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Hyde Park, London">Buildings and structures in Hyde Park, London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_the_City_of_Westminster" title="Category:Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster">Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grade_I_listed_monuments_and_memorials" title="Category:Grade I listed monuments and memorials">Grade I listed monuments and memorials</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_memorials_in_London" title="Category:World War II memorials in London">World War II memorials in London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Outdoor_sculptures_in_London" title="Category:Outdoor sculptures in London">Outdoor sculptures in London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_Artillery" title="Category:Royal Artillery">Royal 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