CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html id="listScTemplate_1-0" class="comp listScTemplate article-html html mntl-html no-js taxlevel-4" data-ab="99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,55,99,99,78" data-mm-ads-resource-version="1.2.155" data-reference-resource-version="4.18.0" data-mantle-resource-version="4.0.737" lang="en" data-tracking-container="true" data-resource-version="4.18.0"> <head class="loc head"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//js-sec.indexww.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//c.amazon-adsystem.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net"> <link rel="dnsprefetch" href="//www.google-analytics.com"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large, NOODP, NOYDIR" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132" /> <title>Key Stages of the American Industrial Revolution</title> <meta name="description" content="Learn about the American Industrial Revolution and how it transformed the nation in the 1800s, setting the stage for US dominance in the 20th century." itemprop="description"> <meta name="emailcontenttype" content="LISTSC" /> <meta name="emailvertical" content="THOUGHTCO" /> <meta name="sailthru.author" content="Martin Kelly" /> <meta name="sailthru.tags" content="humanities,history-and-culture,american-history,american-history-timeline" /> <meta name="parsely-section" content="Humanities" /> <meta name="parsely-tags" content="ThoughtCo,Humanities,History & Culture,American History,Key Events" />  <meta itemprop="name" content="Significant Eras of the American Industrial Revolution" /> <meta property="article:section" content="ThoughtCo" />  <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="ThoughtCo" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Significant Eras of the American Industrial Revolution" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Learn about the American Industrial Revolution and how it transformed the nation in the 1800s, setting the stage for US dominance in the 20th century." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/tPRsVCsiLwm3GH4NE_mI7pNPggk=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dye-house-roof-919006314-a1984e09c32043688aab8128aba24d95.jpg" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://www.facebook.com/thoughtcodotcom/" />  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@thoughtcocom" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Significant Eras of the American Industrial Revolution" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Learn about the American Industrial Revolution and how it transformed the nation in the 1800s, setting the stage for US dominance in the 20th century." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/tPRsVCsiLwm3GH4NE_mI7pNPggk=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dye-house-roof-919006314-a1984e09c32043688aab8128aba24d95.jpg" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://feeds-api.dotdashmeredith.com/v1/rss/google/e5bf8ae1-a904-434a-842c-3487c2b4e7c2"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" data-glb-css="top" href="/static/4.18.0/cache/eNqVVlkS2yAMvVAZH6JfneklMJZtNSwpyGly-4oliZ0Q7PzYkngPCSEEXSBJqDojLWnoVAhdtMCP7n0AjZxAnLVUMDs9gK-BDHgcUNoO7QDXByINSbRvFGfOzoKl0J3Y7TV_n7TXYQ8jeLAKxBZo3LBoCGuCl6jFBQdwyXuSWvhehpIAJeQQajGwuVsPvS_iHw4T8N86whEVo5wVvbQWfM4hFO3AHDPgNNPPWdoJfmMgiJPUjLVQJ-16qRkuh8SSQx1n5QWnFGYXTngWGu3pKdUYo_OG54-OpRYBpFfzi7rjKEcj2LISdzjjonVQHsAm3lbd4faevSi_mD6s5U1xxtXykgM1NiYdgISecNzxqZwlqSgFu5I_VZVOeeid9MOhGh01XLHXwJXawq-mzausuKnH_2cxpRgeUiMzpdpG54irLf8aVVnHvU-7Lk6nkOsrpTOe0Ye6V9RPXoXTdJnDy-X2EL-ixqyFjXKMPjgaZJjFYvECPpT4q9bGhNKzvbTlIlfLr8C4tYoGzAC39e7s-RD4m8hHYaMdW9reWfy8jPIXpaVt1dbCGkS006vemunsApVpRKmmXjt1-jhwoMsXeJilLzcoI8XaWouoyt4j9QuRsyF54a2zJLKlEWUgvyhaPAwidjG2lS643fLjWTdAcqM0nPc3PjOQ4y1yy-Md_gVULjQ7L8g5TXhuFSGRR84WxvytFIEE5sAuFw_dAU-bkPLhrUfZSPp9r-KFJsL9hkvyd5s9k9Hp8x2tPKOKur1XD4T9YUa0cdd-7VVecItXEIS0TEe63wPvxtbBumNENrzqzYdnfKGJ-PxMUT_VFin8Xe4NIDDkdBPZcpSzBdd6F_f3fO0-pE-Pkecj2y3Uc-S2YmoUhJHBWb4W4rZvlAZHpScKf_4DVPHXpw.min.css"></link> <style type="text/css"> </style> <script type="text/javascript" data-glb-js="top" src="/static/4.18.0/cache/eNqNk_FuhCAMxl9ohHdYsuzfZfEFECv2RGra6uI9_dDcTu_CmSVAgN9X-lHUijpFbweXNIL1NIyUIKnY6Baa1F4kN-M78P2bfRRfVtF1EbxCVlBqMTxLbquItTzKMSmwgFekVDqXXANNAXiiHkEKZFKMqGXWJnOGGxpOubLzPaZwKpohNcRWOybNWwXFkCemZnD9SPn--yGZMbTAkDy8znF4Gy_cbkMhyzjVMtU7oGaKsFX_u3pf-yu03TJPPmY4mjv4d0sNpejPr2rtJaSOA-haO3EtRBQtqcQb10iJMGQ3E1S3F7hLDsXIkasyjFqqhgtgZoSfk2oGHbZPK6LvjT5n-jNzCGAMnRp2GDeL99X_YzD_LAkVzL5tsrFsln8Bw4FYiA.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.csrf = window.Mntl.csrf || window.Mntl.csrfInit('2625801650942e6022d849674cfd53f3', false);window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; Mntl.RTB = Mntl.RTB || {}; Mntl.RTB.setUseConsentManagement(false); Mntl.RTB.setUseLiveRamp(true); Mntl.RTB.setUseLiveIntentSignedInUser(true); Mntl.RTB.setUseGDPREnforcement(false); Mntl.RTB.setUseCommerceAndShoppingAPSTag(false); Mntl.RTB.setUseAmazonNcaHookTest(false); Mntl.RTB.setUserIdAuctionDelay(400); Mntl.RTB.setTaxonomyStampValues({"tax1":"tho_humanities","tax2":"tho_history-and-culture","tax0":"tho_root","tax3":"tho_american-history","tax4":"tho_american-history-timeline"}); Mntl.RTB.setTimeoutLength([500,800]); Mntl.RTB.Plugins.amazon.amazonConfigs = {"mapTaxValues":{"tax1":"tho_humanities","tax2":"tho_history-and-culture","si_section":"tho_history-and-culture","tax0":"tho_root","tax3":"tho_american-history"},"amazonSlotName":false,"mapFBValues":{"billboard2":"287662961980198_287667961979698","billboard6":"287662961980198_287667961979698","adunitid":"mapFBID","billboard5":"287662961980198_287667961979698","billboard4":"287662961980198_287667961979698","billboard3":"287662961980198_287667961979698","leaderboard2":"287662961980198_287667635313064","billboard7":"287662961980198_287667961979698","video":"287662961980198_287667961979698","billboard":"287662961980198_287667961979698","leaderboardac":"287662961980198_287667961979698","leaderboard":"287662961980198_287668258646335","default":"287662961980198_287667961979698","leaderboardfooter2":"287662961980198_287667961979698","native":"287662961980198_287667961979698","leaderboardfooter":"287662961980198_287667635313064"},"amazonSection":"American History"}; Mntl.RTB.Plugins.prebid.setPriceGranularity({"buckets":[{"max":"20","increment":"0.05"},{"max":"70","increment":"1"}]}); Mntl.RTB.initVideoBidders([{ type: 'amazon', id: '3222' }, { type: 'prebid', id: 'true' } ]); Mntl.RTB.initDisplayAndOutstreamBidders([{ type: "amazon", id: '3222'},{ type: "msg", id: 'true'},{ type: "prebid", id: 'true'},{ type: "liveConnect", id: 'b-01jb'}]); Mntl.RTB.Plugins.prebid.setConfig({"square-fixed\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442664,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482890,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515221","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_square-fixed_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324010","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830375","type":"display"}}],"leaderboard-fixed\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442654,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482885,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515375","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboard-fixed_728x90_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324000","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830371","type":"display"}}],"square-fixed-replies\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3601290,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":34330401,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"6389437","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"thoughtco_square-fixed-replies_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561381983","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1146794","type":"display"}}],"preroll":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"type":"instream","supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"type":"instream","networkId":7764}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"type":"instream","zoneId":2442674,"accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"type":"instream","placementId":25482895}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"type":"instream","adSlot":"4515226","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"type":"instream","unit":"561365587","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"type":"instream","siteId":"830386"}}],"square-flex\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442672,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482894,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515225","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_square-flex_300x600_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324012","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830381","type":"display"}}],"square-fixed-comments\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3546588,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":34080851,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"6234514","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"thoughtco_square-fixed-comments_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324013","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1137158","type":"display"}}],"global":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":7499,"siteId":426884,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","type":"display"}}],"leaderboardac\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442662,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482889,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515220","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboardac_728x90_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324006","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830377","type":"display"}}],"leaderboardfooter-flex\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442654,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482885,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4632121","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboardfooter-flex_970x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324008","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830371","type":"display"}}],"leaderboard-flex\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442662,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482889,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515220","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboard-flex_970x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324003","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830377","type":"display"}}]}); Mntl.RTB.Plugins.prebid.setSrc('/cache/eNqdls1u2zAMx19oQbC9QbalRYEFK_p1l0XGZSOLAkW58Z5-TLrttIOpk2Xh_yNlUiS9rRqU4nZiaAnrdmgZLs-3ui2CA4EtgKr-edtEFvy0XQuJwuGqWY8EKAwOeUr8votKMylhdYBadzmkxcR1B6Eoyno4cq6Y9RByGHGy1Xr0mBBGvGG5LQ4qCinyHTwuVXFazwEObRwpjw7kWHbwiDKjvBAgrydHKLLPR5bojAmF-qBwLzybQ0caTJ2VdPlB-eSPTaIZ77KaCT9bQijkkZN0OLm-faTiK4H7lhahiDeJWRx1UV-DIPgP2zIdqQusaLFxFG4pGc-t9kTko4x6SDp3ZaAN00XZw0obyPpMD6oKXZhQSZjoqD00F8xdQYqvLZ-cgyUKmnDGjWC2loGyse2SwuI47_CGUW9bEM_l6x8ZU3F00qLPSslRtrGJhSIuXuwae2c3q_QLnX4awec9gY_44iNYdPjG2Zqlr0aHuj_bFKhkQ90xJnkKlH-aN7Ex9MQPzPr9urfexgmXdxbPN_5tfj1p9jSCkKvN8ek-SJjczoLiyLI8XawkYzgf7Nyun5Am6f9e_yn3Z4ztYvs3YB4exg.js'); Mntl.RTB.Plugins.prebid.setUserIdConfig({"liveIntentPublisherId":"79925"}); Mntl.RTB.AdConfigs = Mntl.RTB.AdConfigs || {}; Mntl.RTB.AdConfigs.rawConfig = {"slots":{"square-fixed-replies\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3601290,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":34330401,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"6389437","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"thoughtco_square-fixed-replies_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561381983","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1146794","type":"display"}}]},"leaderboard-fixed\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442654,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482885,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515375","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboard-fixed_728x90_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324000","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830371","type":"display"}}]},"square-fixed\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442664,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482890,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515221","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_square-fixed_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324010","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830375","type":"display"}}]},"leaderboard-flex\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442662,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482889,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515220","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboard-flex_970x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324003","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830377","type":"display"}}]},"preroll":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"type":"instream","supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"type":"instream","networkId":7764}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"type":"instream","zoneId":2442674,"accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"type":"instream","placementId":25482895}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"type":"instream","adSlot":"4515226","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"type":"instream","unit":"561365587","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"type":"instream","siteId":"830386"}}]},"square-flex\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442672,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482894,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515225","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_square-flex_300x600_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324012","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830381","type":"display"}}]},"leaderboardfooter-flex\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442654,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482885,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4632121","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboardfooter-flex_970x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324008","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830371","type":"display"}}]},"square-fixed-comments\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3546588,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":34080851,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"6234514","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"thoughtco_square-fixed-comments_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324013","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1137158","type":"display"}}]},"leaderboardac\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442662,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482889,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515220","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboardac_728x90_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324006","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830377","type":"display"}}]}},"default":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":7499,"siteId":426884,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"networkId":7764,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","type":"display"}}],"prebidModules":["prebid-core.js","rtdModule.js","adpod.js","allowActivities.js","atsAnalyticsAdapter.js","consentManagement.js","fledgeForGpt.js","criteoIdSystem.js","debugging.js","dfpAdServerVideo.js","gdprEnforcement.js","iasRtdProvider.js","identityLinkIdSystem.js","liveIntentIdSystem.js","paapi.js","pairIdSystem.js","prebidServerBidAdapter.js","priceFloors.js","sharedIdSystem.js","unifiedIdSystem.js","userId.js","appnexusBidAdapter.js","criteoBidAdapter.js","ixBidAdapter.js","pubmaticBidAdapter.js","rubiconBidAdapter.js","ttdBidAdapter.js","tripleliftBidAdapter.js","openxBidAdapter.js"]},"ab":[]}; console.log('✅ Libra is loaded!'); Mntl.RTB.setLatencyBuffer(0); (function(){ const mantleDependencies = { } ; const pageTargeting = { customSeries: '' ,abtest: 'lcid1' ,tax0: 'tho' ,rid: 'n1fa27fd103664fa7afdb0e9e8cb958ac22' ,custom: '' ,sid: 'n1fa27fd103664fa7afdb0e9e8cb958ac22' } ; const baseSlotTargeting = { gtemplate: 'list' ,leaid: '156569' ,revenueGroup: '' ,docId: '4164132' ,viewtype: '' ,type: 'list' ,tax1: 'tho_humanities' ,tax2: 'tho_history-and-culture' ,t: '115' ,au: '7762' ,tier: 'L' ,jny: '0' ,leuid: '151378030080892' ,sbj: '' ,id: '4164132' ,aid: '' ,tax3: 'tho_american-history' ,jnyroot: '' ,tax4: 'tho_american-history-timeline' } ; const adLazyOffset = {'mob-square-fixed-intro-1': 750}; pageTargeting.w = Mntl.utilities.getW(); const initialSlots = []; initialSlots.push({ config: { id: 'leaderboard-flex-1', sizes: [[728, 90], [970,90], [970, 250]], type: 'leaderboard', rtb: true, timedRefresh: 0, waitForThirdParty: false }, targeting: Mntl.fnUtilities.deepExtend({}, { pos: 'atf', priority: 1 }) }); initialSlots.push({ config: { id: 'square-flex-1', sizes: [[300, 250],[300, 600],[300, 1050],[160, 600]], type: 'square', rtb: true, timedRefresh: 0, waitForThirdParty: false }, targeting: Mntl.fnUtilities.deepExtend({}, { pos: 'atf', priority: 2 }) }); const testIds = Mntl.GPT.getTestIds(); pageTargeting.ab = testIds; pageTargeting.bts = testIds; Mntl.utilities.onLoad(function() { Mntl.utilities.loadExternalJS({ src: '//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js', async: false }); }); const options = { domain: 'www.thoughtco.com', templateName: 'listsc', isMobile: false, isTablet: false, isDesktop: true, dfpId: '3865', publisherProvidedId: '7199d9a9-8e06-4dd1-928a-f0db14ad2977', singleRequest: false, useLmdFormat: true, useOxygen: true, restrictLeaderboardFlex1HeightAndOverflow: false, prebidConfigApi: false, useInfiniteRightRail: true, fiftyPercentAdRefresh: true, waitForNextFramePaint: false, revenueGroupAllowList: '', lmdSiteCode: 'hlt', pageTargeting, baseSlotTargeting, adLazyOffset, geo: { isInEurope: false, isInUsa: false }, initialSlots, auctionFloors: {"billboard2":{"id":"1552493e0f0844c9aa10ef73ad78a9e4","floor":"5"},"other":{"id":"ade0de584a2a422f99e934cd54b87d52","floor":"50"},"billboard6":{"id":"d9f82edf28e44244a1bb7117f42ac476","floor":"5"},"billboard5":{"id":"b340b93231954f2689e7025e2c0b4d18","floor":"5"},"billboard4":{"id":"7ad9ab485fa5443fa94ccc9bdca0a54c","floor":"5"},"billboard3":{"id":"f3f09dd3fe0147ca8227ab5458eebddb","floor":"5"},"billboard9":{"id":"488a3fee6fac46538f5e3ae6e51fe20e","floor":"5"},"billboard8":{"id":"f026d0eec2024513afe5b28e3319ac0f","floor":"5"},"billboardfooter2":{"id":"311073fb68e74727993cb054fe4430ac","floor":"50"},"billboard7":{"id":"8c88c6ba9f90426e800eff9dd8d0da96","floor":"5"},"leaderboardac":{"id":"1d2472433a85494c9501b140d9a1ad07","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed":{"id":"449b24392f4b4c3a8285e203a64b2e6b","floor":"50"},"billboardfooter":{"id":"bd907afd733c48f185f70915ac74154a","floor":"20"},"leaderboardfooter2":{"id":"b4e76d3c1cf74c1ca3f12ec305e5d477","floor":"20"},"leaderboard-flex-1":{"id":"6330c0d82bd34adda20418fdc163d9a1","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-flex-2":{"id":"69272dabe35b4230a13938af298f75ff","floor":"5"},"square-flex-2":{"id":"c13704bf38e94252aa37db34edaddc9d","floor":"5"},"square-flex-1":{"id":"6fc33fe17f4747dfb36dfebf395636da","floor":"5"},"adhesive":{"id":"64de72640b214667bb8b9619b8b6a19d","floor":"25"},"square-fixed-4":{"id":"d52b7b6757414cb6a7d9885ff4c77b5d","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-3":{"id":"b57dc2458de54ebfac6f1f50477c6b45","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-2":{"id":"37febc1e4b1d446eab0c4fc4c075b0fd","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-1":{"id":"18efe8595dde4c02997da03ea354f7c0","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-1":{"id":"f35a56c653844a519beacc6324430144","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-8":{"id":"4854e3a5e1df46d6bfd2d35901766c07","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-8":{"id":"f5dd53128a5f45f79b6c0e10ef184775","floor":"20"},"square-fixed-7":{"id":"e6ab8ef52f3d4e8b8ac868affa8e50d3","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-9":{"id":"bb244a8f3dcd4ce9a6dc10f703ec49b3","floor":"50"},"square-fixed-6":{"id":"2aac544603f648878aa881568d11cc09","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter-flex-2":{"id":"7c365e41079a42aaa31927e67c8da8e0","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-5":{"id":"06053e86f93941bda0b0f63ff74c4a36","floor":"20"},"square-fixed-5":{"id":"51cfda109b8746e9beef6c4e88481ac7","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter-flex-1":{"id":"0b11b76e67e74a2ebd92efb163f4194b","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-6":{"id":"814d9f6ea0a04d429c95152f1c83c42a","floor":"20"},"billboard":{"id":"c27504ff7166457ea12d0f4358d106ed","floor":"5"},"leaderboard":{"id":"08c6a6a889904e2781ba965da042d811","floor":"80"},"inline":{"id":"3d5b9b5843474c8c828a468e59265d37","floor":"5"},"square-fixed":{"id":"bab3683523e2411e99eb6ab43b2474af","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter":{"id":"0f753592739c47d1b45d66d7c441209b","floor":"20"},"dynamic-inline":{"id":"1fcee3f5892e4e1f8fd090836c51ed8e","floor":"50"},"square-fixed-9":{"id":"c85a0c059c444f8da27205fb620c12e5","floor":"5"},"mob-adhesive-banner-fixed":{"id":"1ae057445ee0474780904de1986d2af8","floor":"5"},"billboard11":{"id":"ae958d6ef4c24b51844f346b2417e7d7","floor":"5"}}, utils: { generateSlotId: Ref.GPT.generateSlotId, buildGptUrl: Ref.GPT.buildGptUrl }, displayOnScroll: false, displayOnConsent: true, adsToCollapse: ['leaderboard*','square*'] }; if (Mntl.AdMetrics) { Mntl.AdMetrics.init("4164132", "n1fa27fd103664fa7afdb0e9e8cb958ac22", initialSlots.map(slot => slot.config.id), Date.now()); } else { Mntl.AdMetrics = { pushMetrics: () => {} }; } Mntl.GPT.setMantleDependencies(mantleDependencies); Mntl.GPT.init(options); }());window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; // moved from gtm.ftl so we can initialize GTM only onLoad. From https://support.google.com/tagmanager/answer/6103696?hl=en Mntl.utilities.onLoad(function() { (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;defer=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type="text/javascript";f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f)})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5P3SZGS'); }); window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'ab-proctor', 'abTests-proctor': { "99-0" : "useOxygen | useOxygen | use the Oxygenated ad unit format and slot names | 1" , "99-1" : "vanillaJSLazyAdRecipeSC | active | vanillaLazyAd.js enabled | 1" , "99-2" : "userIdAuctionDelay | ldd | legacy Dotdash domains | 2" , "99-3" : "useFloorSearch | active | Use Floor Search | 1" , "99-4" : "fiftyPercentAdRefresh | active | Ads refresh when 50% in view | 1" , "99-5" : "continuousScrollMobSquareFlexOffset | active | Adds offset to mob-square-fixed-1 ad on CS articles | 1" , "99-6" : "recipescDesktopAdRefresh | active | active, right rail ads timed refresh active | 1" , "99-7" : "gamVideoUsePlcmt | active | Pass plcmt | 1" , "99-8" : "liveIntentConnectedIdTest | control | LiveIntent ConnectedID is enabled | 0" , "99-9" : "prebidConfigApi | active | Ad Config API is enabled | 1" , "99-10" : "useDynamicVideoSizes | active | active | 1" , "99-11" : "orion | control | Control | 0" , "99-12" : "prebidVideoUsePlcmt | active | Pass plcmt | 1" , "99-13" : "useLiveIntentSignedInUser | active | active | 1" , "55" : "relatedArticlesAlgorithm | useRecommendationService | Enables usage of proximity API | 1" , "99-15" : "removeAdTiers | active | active | 1" , "99-16" : "useLiveRamp | active | active | 1" , "78" : "fetchPriority | active | active | 1" } }); window.dataLayer.push({ envData: { environment: { environment: "k8s-prod", application: "reference", dataCenter: "us-west-1" }, server: { version: "4.18.0", title: "reference-launcher" }, client : { browserUA: navigator.userAgent, serverUA: "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506; .NET CLR 3.5.21022; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)", deviceType: "pc", usStateCode: "" }, mantle: "4.0.737", commerce: "" } }); (function(fnUtils, CMP) { const deferLoadTime = 5000; const readyForThirdPartyTrackingEvent = new CustomEvent('readyForThirdPartyTracking', { bubbles: true }); const readyForThirdPartyTracking = fnUtils.once(function() { window.dataLayer.push({event: 'readyForThirdPartyTracking'}); window.dispatchEvent(readyForThirdPartyTrackingEvent); }); const readyForDeferredScriptsEvent = new CustomEvent('readyForDeferredScripts', { bubbles: true }); const readyForDeferredScripts = fnUtils.once(function() { window.dataLayer.push({event: 'readyForDeferredScripts'}); window.dispatchEvent(readyForDeferredScriptsEvent); }); const hasTargetingConsentHandler = function() { const hasConsent = CMP.hasTargetingConsent(); if (hasConsent) { readyForThirdPartyTracking(); } // Trigger the readyForDeferredScripts if consent is given // or if the user has closed the banner(AlertBox) which exists for EU // or if the user optin consent is not required, which applies for non gdpr locations if (hasConsent || CMP.isAlertBoxClosed() || !CMP.isOptInConsent()) { readyForDeferredScripts(); } return hasConsent; }; const purposeOneConsentHandler = async function() { const hasPurposeOneConsent = await CMP.hasPurposeOneConsent(); if (hasPurposeOneConsent) { readyForThirdPartyTracking(); } if (hasPurposeOneConsent || CMP.isAlertBoxClosed()) { readyForDeferredScripts(); } return hasPurposeOneConsent; }; const onRequiredDomEvent = fnUtils.once(function() { if (!CMP) { readyForThirdPartyTracking(); readyForDeferredScripts(); return; } const handler = CMP.supportsTCData() ? purposeOneConsentHandler : hasTargetingConsentHandler; if (!CMP.isLoading()) { handler(); } CMP.onConsentChange(handler); }); [ ['adRendered', onRequiredDomEvent], ['beforeunload', onRequiredDomEvent], ['load', function() { setTimeout(onRequiredDomEvent, deferLoadTime); }] ].forEach(function(event) { window.addEventListener(event[0], event[1], { once: true }); }); })(Mntl.fnUtilities || {}, Mntl.CMP);window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; (function() { var isContinuousScroll = document.querySelector('.mntl-continuous-scroll'); var pageViewDataAsJSON = {"country":"HK","title":"Key Stages of the American Industrial Revolution" || document.title || '',"authorId":"7762","contentGroup":"Other","revenueGroup":"","documentId":4164132,"authorNames":"Martin Kelly","templateName":"LISTSC","viewType":"","templateId":"115","muid":"7199d9a9-8e06-4dd1-928a-f0db14ad2977","lastEditingAuthorId":"156569","lastEditingUserId":"151378030080892","fullUrl":"https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132" + location.hash,"experienceType":"single page","entryType":"direct","excludeFromComscore":false,"internalSessionId":"n1fa27fd103664fa7afdb0e9e8cb958ac22","internalRequestId":"n1fa27fd103664fa7afdb0e9e8cb958ac22","hid":"","experienceTypeName":"","recircDocIdsFooter":"S-4160605|S-104296|S-4123832|S-104299|S-104301|S-104300|S-104298|S-1774036|S-104295|S-4161075|S-4845968|S-4076980|S-4707877|S-4797408|S-1774037|S-104856","euTrafficFlag":false,"isGoogleBot":false,"mantleVersion":"4.0.737","commerceVersion":"","primaryTaxonomyIds":"4122478|4133358|4133356|4133354|4133352","primaryTaxonomyNames":"ThoughtCo|Humanities|History & Culture|American History|Key Events","description":"Learn about the American Industrial Revolution and how it transformed the nation in the 1800s, setting the stage for US dominance in the 20th century."}; var scrolledPageData = {}; var scrolledDocOrdinal; var scrolledPage; pageViewDataAsJSON.breakpointName = Ref.utilities.getW(); pageViewDataAsJSON.bounceExchangeId = 2473; if (isContinuousScroll) { pageViewDataAsJSON.experienceTypeName = 'continuous'; if (window.dataLayer && window.dataLayer.length) { //loop through events and collect previous scrolledDocOrdinal and scrolledPage values scrolledPageData = window.dataLayer.reduce( (acc, curr) => { if (curr.event == 'unifiedPageview') { acc.scrolledDocOrdinal = acc.scrolledDocOrdinal ? acc.scrolledDocOrdinal + 1 : 1; acc.scrolledPage = acc.scrolledPage ? acc.scrolledPage + " | " + (curr.documentId).toString() : (curr.documentId).toString(); } return acc; }, {}); } scrolledPage = scrolledPageData.scrolledPage ? scrolledPageData.scrolledPage + ' | ' + (pageViewDataAsJSON.documentId).toString() : (pageViewDataAsJSON.documentId).toString(); scrolledDocOrdinal = scrolledPageData.scrolledDocOrdinal ? scrolledPageData.scrolledDocOrdinal + 1 : 1; pageViewDataAsJSON.scrolledPage = scrolledPage; pageViewDataAsJSON.scrolledDocOrdinal = scrolledDocOrdinal; } Mntl.utilities.onLoad(function() { Mntl.PageView.init(pageViewDataAsJSON); }); })();</script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="60x60" href="/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="76x76" href="/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#F4F4F4"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/static/4.18.0/icons/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="/static/4.18.0/icons/favicons/mstile-70x70.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="/static/4.18.0/icons/favicons/mstile-150x150.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="/static/4.18.0/icons/favicons/mstile-310x310.png"> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="/static/4.18.0/icons/favicons/mstile-310x150.png"> <div id="ie-notification-banner_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner mntl-block"><div id="ie-notification-banner__content_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__content mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><svg class="icon icon-alert ie-notification-banner__icon-alert" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-alert" href="#icon-alert"></use> </svg> <div id="ie-notification-banner__text-container_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__text-container mntl-block"><span id="ie-notification-banner__text--bold_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__text--bold mntl-text-block">Your web browser (Internet Explorer 7) is out of date. </span> <span id="ie-notification-banner__text_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__text mntl-text-block">Update your browser for more security, speed, and the best experience on this site.</span></div> <a href="https://www.google.com/chrome" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" id="ie-notification-banner__btn-update_1-0" class="ie-notification-banner__btn-update mntl-text-link ie-notification-banner__btn" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Update Browser</span></a> <button id="ie-notification-banner__btn-close_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__btn-close mntl-button ie-js-banner-dismiss ie-notification-banner__btn"> Ignore </button></div></div> <script id="schema-unified_1-0" class="comp schema-unified mntl-schema-unified" type="application/ld+json">[ { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": ["Article"] ,"headline": "Significant Eras of the American Industrial Revolution" ,"datePublished": "2018-06-29T10:04:44.408-04:00" ,"dateModified": "2019-07-02T14:08:01.338-04:00" ,"author": [ {"@type": "Person" ,"name": "Martin Kelly" ,"url": "https://www.thoughtco.com/martin-kelly-103799" } ] ,"description": "Learn about the American Industrial Revolution and how it transformed the nation in the 1800s, setting the stage for US dominance in the 20th century." ,"image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/tPRsVCsiLwm3GH4NE_mI7pNPggk=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dye-house-roof-919006314-a1984e09c32043688aab8128aba24d95.jpg", "height": 864, "width": 1500 } ,"publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "ThoughtCo", "url": "https://www.thoughtco.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ruwsr0VaZ-mxBD_vXVdKmhL0sjY=/250x60/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TC_schema_logo_250x60-59af144bd088c00010d45b5f.png", "width": 250, "height": 60 }, "brand": "ThoughtCo" , "publishingPrinciples": "https://www.thoughtco.com/about-us-4779650#toc-editorial-guidelines" , "sameAs" : [ "https://www.facebook.com/thoughtcodotcom", "https://www.flipboard.com/@thoughtco" ] } ,"mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": ["WebPage"] ,"@id": "https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132" ,"breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@id": "https://www.thoughtco.com/humanities-4133358", "name": "Humanities" } } , { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "item": { "@id": "https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356", "name": "History & Culture" } } , { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "item": { "@id": "https://www.thoughtco.com/american-history-4133354", "name": "American History" } } , { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "item": { "@id": "https://www.thoughtco.com/american-history-timeline-4133352", "name": "Key Events" } } ] }} , "about": [ { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "ItemList", "name": "Significant Eras of the American Industrial Revolution", "description": "Learn about the American Industrial Revolution and how it transformed the nation in the 1800s, setting the stage for US dominance in the 20th century.", "itemListOrder": "http://schema.org/ItemListUnordered", "numberOfItems": 7, "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1 ,"name": "The Colonial Era: Cotton Gin, Interchangeable Parts, and Electricity" ,"url": "https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132#toc-the-colonial-era-cotton-gin-interchangeable-parts-and-electricity" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2 ,"name": "1800-1820: Transportation and Expansion" ,"url": "https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132#toc-1800-1820-transportation-and-expansion" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3 ,"name": "1820-1850: The Rise of the Middle Class" ,"url": "https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132#toc-1820-1850-the-rise-of-the-middle-class" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4 ,"name": "1850-1870: Impact of the Civil War" ,"url": "https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132#toc-1850-1870-impact-of-the-civil-war" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 5 ,"name": "1870-1890: Electricity, Telephones, Steel, and Labor" ,"url": "https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132#toc-1870-1890-electricity-telephones-steel-and-labor" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 6 ,"name": "1890 and Beyond: Assembly Line, Mass Transit, and the Radio" ,"url": "https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132#toc-1890-and-beyond-assembly-line-mass-transit-and-the-radio" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 7 ,"name": "American Industrial Revolution Key Takeaways" ,"url": "https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132#toc-american-industrial-revolution-key-takeaways" } ] } ] } ]</script> </head><body>  <svg class="mntl-svg-resource is-hidden"> <defs> <symbol id="icon-alert"> <svg width="30" height="29" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M13.2522 4.38081C14.077 2.92054 16.1389 2.92054 16.9637 4.38081L26.7065 21.6302C27.5313 23.0905 26.5003 24.9158 24.8507 24.9158H5.36517C3.7156 24.9158 2.68462 23.0905 3.5094 21.6302L13.2522 4.38081Z" fill="#fff"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M19.6063 2.76459L29.2795 20.1815C31.3267 23.8676 28.7677 28.4753 24.6732 28.4753H5.32681C1.23233 28.4753 -1.32671 23.8676 0.720529 20.1815L10.3937 2.76459C12.441 -0.921533 17.559 -0.921526 19.6063 2.76459ZM16.8425 4.42334C16.0236 2.94889 13.9764 2.94889 13.1575 4.42334L3.4843 21.8402C2.6654 23.3147 3.68902 25.1577 5.32681 25.1577H24.6732C26.311 25.1577 27.3346 23.3147 26.5157 21.8402L16.8425 4.42334Z" fill="#C00"/><path d="M13.8863 18.8426L12.8572 11.2V7.66641H17.1429V11.2L16.1279 18.8426H13.8863ZM13.0264 22.9992V20.1106H16.9878V22.9992H13.0264Z" fill="#222"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-menu"> <svg viewBox="0 0 21 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M2 21.5C2 20.6716 2.67157 20 3.5 20H17.5C18.3284 20 19 20.6716 19 21.5C19 22.3284 18.3284 23 17.5 23H3.5C2.67157 23 2 22.3284 2 21.5Z" fill="#DCD8A0"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.5 18H17.5C19.433 18 21 19.567 21 21.5C21 23.433 19.433 25 17.5 25H3.5C1.567 25 0 23.433 0 21.5C0 19.567 1.567 18 3.5 18ZM3.5 20C2.67157 20 2 20.6716 2 21.5C2 22.3284 2.67157 23 3.5 23H17.5C18.3284 23 19 22.3284 19 21.5C19 20.6716 18.3284 20 17.5 20H3.5Z" fill="#333"/><path d="M2 12.5C2 11.6716 2.67157 11 3.5 11H17.5C18.3284 11 19 11.6716 19 12.5C19 13.3284 18.3284 14 17.5 14H3.5C2.67157 14 2 13.3284 2 12.5Z" fill="#DCD8A0"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.5 9H17.5C19.433 9 21 10.567 21 12.5C21 14.433 19.433 16 17.5 16H3.5C1.567 16 0 14.433 0 12.5C0 10.567 1.567 9 3.5 9ZM3.5 11C2.67157 11 2 11.6716 2 12.5C2 13.3284 2.67157 14 3.5 14H17.5C18.3284 14 19 13.3284 19 12.5C19 11.6716 18.3284 11 17.5 11H3.5Z" fill="#333"/><path d="M2 3.5C2 2.67157 2.67157 2 3.5 2H17.5C18.3284 2 19 2.67157 19 3.5C19 4.32843 18.3284 5 17.5 5H3.5C2.67157 5 2 4.32843 2 3.5Z" fill="#DCD8A0"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.5 0H17.5C19.433 0 21 1.567 21 3.5C21 5.433 19.433 7 17.5 7H3.5C1.567 7 0 5.433 0 3.5C0 1.567 1.567 0 3.5 0ZM3.5 2C2.67157 2 2 2.67157 2 3.5C2 4.32843 2.67157 5 3.5 5H17.5C18.3284 5 19 4.32843 19 3.5C19 2.67157 18.3284 2 17.5 2H3.5Z" fill="#333"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-close"> <svg viewBox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M2.43934 15.8744C1.85355 16.4602 1.85355 17.4099 2.43934 17.9957C3.02513 18.5815 3.97487 18.5815 4.56066 17.9957L10.2175 12.3388L15.8744 17.9957C16.4602 18.5815 17.4099 18.5815 17.9957 17.9957C18.5815 17.4099 18.5815 16.4602 17.9957 15.8744L12.3388 10.2175L17.9957 4.56066C18.5815 3.97487 18.5815 3.02513 17.9957 2.43934C17.4099 1.85355 16.4602 1.85355 15.8744 2.43934L10.2175 8.09619L4.56066 2.43934C3.97488 1.85355 3.02513 1.85355 2.43934 2.43934C1.85356 3.02513 1.85356 3.97487 2.43934 4.56066L8.0962 10.2175L2.43934 15.8744Z" fill="#DCD8A0"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1.02513 14.4602L5.26777 10.2175L1.02513 5.97487C-0.341705 4.60804 -0.341705 2.39196 1.02513 1.02513C2.39196 -0.341708 4.60804 -0.341709 5.97488 1.02513L10.2175 5.26776L14.4602 1.02513C15.827 -0.341708 18.0431 -0.341708 19.4099 1.02513C20.7767 2.39196 20.7767 4.60804 19.4099 5.97487L15.1673 10.2175L19.4099 14.4602C20.7767 15.827 20.7767 18.0431 19.4099 19.4099C18.0431 20.7767 15.827 20.7767 14.4602 19.4099L10.2175 15.1673L5.97487 19.4099C4.60804 20.7767 2.39196 20.7767 1.02513 19.4099C-0.341709 18.0431 -0.341708 15.827 1.02513 14.4602ZM10.2175 12.3388L15.8744 17.9957C16.4602 18.5815 17.4099 18.5815 17.9957 17.9957C18.5815 17.4099 18.5815 16.4602 17.9957 15.8744L12.3388 10.2175L17.9957 4.56066C18.5815 3.97487 18.5815 3.02513 17.9957 2.43934C17.4099 1.85355 16.4602 1.85355 15.8744 2.43934L10.2175 8.09619L4.56066 2.43934C3.97488 1.85355 3.02513 1.85355 2.43934 2.43934C1.85356 3.02513 1.85356 3.97487 2.43934 4.56066L8.0962 10.2175L2.43934 15.8744C1.85355 16.4602 1.85355 17.4099 2.43934 17.9957C3.02513 18.5815 3.97487 18.5815 4.56066 17.9957L10.2175 12.3388Z" fill="#333"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo"> <svg version="1.1" class="logo-img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="-169.7 -50 913.8 182.2" xml:space="preserve"><g class="logo-thought"><path d="M506.9 63.3c-1.7.4-5 1-8.7 1-6.1 0-8.1-1-10.6-3.9-2.1-2.5-2.1-6.6-2.1-12.4V12.6H507v-21h-12.1v0h-9.3v-25.8l-24.9-.1v25.9l-12 0 0 20.9h12v32.7c0 13.2 2.4 21.2 6.9 27.7 6.8 9.8 17.2 13.4 32.1 13.4 3.8 0 9.3-.8 12.5-1.9L506.9 63.3zM-73.1-49.6v23h-35.4v111h-25.8v-111h-35.4v-23H-73.1zM-35.5 84.4h-24.9V-50h24.9v48.2c6.9-5.4 15.7-8.6 25.3-8.6 12.8 0 24.5 5.7 32.1 14.9 6.1 7.3 9.6 16.6 9.6 32.5v47.3H6.6V35.2c0-9.2-2.1-14-5.6-17.4-3.3-3.3-8.2-5.2-14-5.2-10.5 0-19.1 6.7-22.6 11.5V84.4zM88.6-10.3c28.1 0 49.4 21.6 49.4 48.4 0 26.8-21.2 48.2-49.4 48.2S39.2 64.9 39.2 38.1C39.2 11.3 60.4-10.3 88.6-10.3zM88.6 63.3c14.5 0 24.5-11.3 24.5-25.3s-9.9-25.4-24.5-25.4c-14.5 0-24.5 11.5-24.5 25.4S74 63.3 88.6 63.3zM235.1-8.4v92.8h-23.9v-7.5c-7.3 6.5-16.1 9.4-25.1 9.4-12.8 0-24.3-5.9-31.6-14.9-5.9-7.3-9.4-16.8-9.4-30.6V-8.4h24.9v50.1c0 8.4 1.7 12.6 4.6 15.9 3.8 4.2 9.2 5.7 14 5.7 10.5 0 18.2-7.1 21.6-11.5V-8.4H235.1zM340.3 79.2c0 16.6-2.9 26.6-8.4 34.4-8.4 11.7-23.3 18.6-41.1 18.6-18.2 0-35.4-8.4-44.6-19.1l15.7-16.3c5 5.4 13.6 13.4 28.9 13.4 8 0 14.7-2.5 18.9-7.5 3.8-4.2 5.7-9.9 5.7-21.8v-3.1c-7.5 5.7-15.5 8.4-24.9 8.4-13.8 0-27-6.1-35.2-15.7-7.3-8.4-11.7-19.9-11.7-32.5 0-27.4 20.3-48.4 45.5-48.4 10.5 0 19.9 3.4 27.2 9.4v-7.5h23.9V79.2zM315.4 24.1c-5.2-6.9-13.4-11.5-23-11.5-14.5 0-23.9 12.1-23.9 25.4 0 14.5 10.5 25.3 24.5 25.3 9.4 0 17.6-4.6 22.4-11.5V24.1zM378.3 84.4h-24.9V-50h24.9v48.2c6.9-5.4 15.7-8.6 25.3-8.6 12.8 0 24.5 5.7 32.1 14.9 6.1 7.3 9.6 16.6 9.6 32.5v47.3h-24.9V35.2c0-9.2-2.1-14-5.6-17.4-3.3-3.3-8.2-5.2-14-5.2-10.5 0-19.1 6.7-22.6 11.5V84.4z"/><g class="logo-co" fill="#BEAB72"><path d="M590 67c-25.8 0-45.7-19.9-45.7-45.9 0-25.4 19.1-45.9 44.6-45.9 13.2 0 24.5 5.7 32.5 13.8l16.6-17.6c-12.1-11.7-29.1-19.1-49-19.1-41.7 0-70.6 30.4-70.6 68.9s29.3 68.9 71 68.9c15 0 28.3-4 39.1-10.5-5-6.2-8.4-13.6-10-21.8C611.2 63.3 601.7 67 590 67zM742.2 67.5c-1.2-2.1-2.9-3.8-5.1-5-2.2-1.2-4.5-1.8-6.9-1.8-3.4 0-6.4 1.2-9 3.5-3 2.7-4.5 6.1-4.5 10.2 0 3.8 1.3 7 4 9.7 2.6 2.7 5.8 4 9.6 4 2.5 0 4.9-.6 7-1.8 2.1-1.2 3.8-2.9 5-5 1.2-2.1 1.8-4.4 1.8-6.9C744 71.8 743.4 69.6 742.2 67.5z"/><path d="M669.8,5.1c-24.7,0-43.3,19-43.3,42.5c0,1.2,0.1,2.4,0.2,3.6c0.7,9,4.2,17.1,9.7,23.6c7.8,9.3,19.7,15.1,33.5,15.1 c24.7,0,43.3-18.8,43.3-42.3C713.1,24.1,694.4,5.1,669.8,5.1z M670.3,70.4c-7.1,0-13.1-3-16.9-8c-3.2-3.9-5.1-9-5.1-14.7 c0-12.3,8.7-22.3,21.5-22.3c6.5,0,11.9,2.6,15.7,6.7c3.9,4,6.3,9.7,6.3,16.1C691.7,61,682.7,70.4,670.3,70.4z"/></g></g></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-search"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 29 34"><path d="M5.04807 30.5496C6.15292 31.1875 7.5657 30.8089 8.20358 29.7041L13.6111 20.338C14.249 19.2332 13.8704 17.8204 12.7656 17.1825L12.7179 17.155C11.6131 16.5171 10.2003 16.8957 9.56242 18.0005L4.15492 27.3666C3.51703 28.4714 3.89558 29.8842 5.00043 30.5221L5.04807 30.5496Z" fill="#DCD8A0" stroke="#333" stroke-width="2"/><path d="M9.88244 22.8385C5.33866 20.2151 3.78184 14.405 6.4052 9.86122C9.02855 5.31744 14.8387 3.76062 19.3824 6.38397C23.9262 9.00733 25.483 14.8174 22.8597 19.3612C20.2363 23.905 14.4262 25.4618 9.88244 22.8385Z" stroke="#333" stroke-width="2"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-caret-down"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.77819 12.3744C7.1924 12.9602 6.24266 12.9602 5.65687 12.3744L1.44243e-05 6.71751L2.12133 4.59619L6.71753 9.19239L11.3137 4.59619L13.435 6.71751L7.77819 12.3744Z" fill="#DE2229"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-facebook"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 43.8 34"><path d="M22.4,30.1V18.9h3.7l0.6-4.4h-4.3v-2.8c0-1.3,0.3-2.1,2.2-2.1h2.3V5.8c-0.4-0.1-1.8-0.2-3.4-0.2c-3.3,0-5.6,2-5.6,5.7v3.2h-3.8v4.4h3.8v11.2L22.4,30.1L22.4,30.1z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-flipboard"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="240.4 241 17.3 17.3"><path d="M252 241 246.2 241 240.4 241 240.4 246.7 240.4 252.5 240.4 258.3 246.2 258.3 246.2 252.6 251.9 252.6 251.9 246.8 257.7 246.8 257.7 241z"/><path d="M252 241 246.2 241 246.2 246.8 252 246.8 257.7 246.8 257.7 241zM246.2 246.8H252V252.60000000000002H246.2z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-instagram"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 43.8 34" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M21.8,8.5c2.9,0,3.2,0,4.4,0.1c1.1,0,1.6,0.2,2,0.4c0.5,0.2,0.9,0.4,1.2,0.8c0.4,0.4,0.6,0.7,0.8,1.2c0.1,0.4,0.3,1,0.4,2c0.1,1.1,0.1,1.5,0.1,4.4s0,3.2-0.1,4.4c0,1.1-0.2,1.6-0.4,2c-0.2,0.5-0.4,0.9-0.8,1.2c-0.4,0.4-0.7,0.6-1.2,0.8c-0.4,0.1-1,0.3-2,0.4c-1.1,0.1-1.5,0.1-4.4,0.1s-3.2,0-4.4-0.1c-1.1,0-1.6-0.2-2-0.4c-0.5-0.2-0.9-0.4-1.2-0.8c-0.4-0.4-0.6-0.7-0.8-1.2c-0.1-0.4-0.3-1-0.4-2c-0.1-1.1-0.1-1.5-0.1-4.4s0-3.2,0.1-4.4c0-1.1,0.2-1.6,0.4-2c0.2-0.5,0.4-0.9,0.8-1.2c0.4-0.4,0.7-0.6,1.2-0.8c0.4-0.1,1-0.3,2-0.4C18.6,8.5,18.9,8.5,21.8,8.5 M21.8,6.6c-2.9,0-3.3,0-4.5,0.1c-1.2,0.1-1.9,0.2-2.6,0.5c-0.7,0.3-1.3,0.6-1.9,1.2c-0.6,0.6-1,1.2-1.2,1.9c-0.3,0.7-0.4,1.5-0.5,2.6C11,14.1,11,14.4,11,17.4c0,2.9,0,3.3,0.1,4.5c0.1,1.2,0.2,1.9,0.5,2.6c0.3,0.7,0.6,1.3,1.2,1.9c0.6,0.6,1.2,1,1.9,1.2c0.7,0.3,1.5,0.4,2.6,0.5c1.2,0.1,1.5,0.1,4.5,0.1s3.3,0,4.5-0.1c1.2-0.1,1.9-0.2,2.6-0.5c0.7-0.3,1.3-0.6,1.9-1.2c0.6-0.6,1-1.2,1.2-1.9c0.3-0.7,0.4-1.5,0.5-2.6c0.1-1.2,0.1-1.5,0.1-4.5s0-3.3-0.1-4.5c-0.1-1.2-0.2-1.9-0.5-2.6c-0.3-0.7-0.6-1.3-1.2-1.9c-0.6-0.6-1.2-1-1.9-1.2c-0.7-0.3-1.5-0.4-2.6-0.5C25.1,6.6,24.7,6.6,21.8,6.6L21.8,6.6z"/><path d="M21.8,11.8c-3.1,0-5.5,2.5-5.5,5.5s2.5,5.5,5.5,5.5s5.5-2.5,5.5-5.5S24.9,11.8,21.8,11.8zM21.8,21c-2,0-3.6-1.6-3.6-3.6s1.6-3.6,3.6-3.6s3.6,1.6,3.6,3.6S23.8,21,21.8,21z"/><circle cx="27.6" cy="11.6" r="1.3"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-linkedin"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 41.8 41.8"><path d="M12.2 18.2h3.9v12.7h-3.9V18.2zm1.9-6.3c1.3 0 2.3 1 2.3 2.3s-1 2.3-2.3 2.3-2.3-1-2.3-2.3c0-1.3 1.1-2.3 2.3-2.3M18.6 18.2h3.8v1.7h.1c.8-1.3 2.2-2.1 3.7-2 4 0 4.7 2.6 4.7 6v7H27v-6.2c0-1.5 0-3.4-2-3.4s-2.3 1.6-2.3 3.2v6.3h-3.9l-.2-12.6z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-pinterest"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="-1217.8 0 640 480"><path d="M-888.5,96c-77.6,0-120,52.2-120,108.7c0,26.8,14.1,59.3,36.7,70.6c2.8,1.4,5.6,1.4,5.6-2.8c0-2.8,4.2-14.1,5.6-21.2c0-1.4,0-2.8-1.4-5.6c-7.1-8.5-14.1-25.4-14.1-40.9c0-39.5,29.6-79.1,81.9-79.1c43.8,0,74.8,29.6,74.8,73.4c0,49.4-24,83.3-56.5,83.3c-18.4,0-31.1-14.1-26.8-32.5c5.6-21.2,15.5-45.2,15.5-60.7c0-14.1-7.1-25.4-22.6-25.4c-18.4,0-32.5,18.4-32.5,43.8c0,15.5,5.6,26.8,5.6,26.8s-18.4,76.2-21.2,90.4c-5.6,24,1.4,62.1,1.4,66.4c0,1.4,2.8,2.8,2.8,1.4c1.4-2.8,24-35.3,29.6-57.9c2.8-8.5,11.3-42.4,11.3-42.4c5.6,11.3,22.6,21.2,40.9,21.2c55.1,0,93.2-50.8,93.2-112.9C-776.9,141.2-824.9,96-888.5,96z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-x"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M13.6468 10.4686L20.9321 2H19.2057L12.8799 9.3532L7.82741 2H2L9.6403 13.1193L2 22H3.72649L10.4068 14.2348L15.7425 22H21.57L13.6468 10.4686ZM11.2821 13.2173L10.508 12.1101L4.34857 3.29968H7.00037L11.9711 10.4099L12.7452 11.5172L19.2066 20.7594H16.5548L11.2821 13.2173Z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-privacy-options"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 30 14"><path fill="#FFF" d="M7.4 12.8h6.8l3.1-11.6H7.4C4.2 1.2 1.6 3.8 1.6 7s2.6 5.8 5.8 5.8z"/><path fill="#06f" d="M22.6 0H7.4c-3.9 0-7 3.1-7 7s3.1 7 7 7h15.2c3.9 0 7-3.1 7-7s-3.2-7-7-7zm-21 7c0-3.2 2.6-5.8 5.8-5.8h9.9l-3.1 11.6H7.4c-3.2 0-5.8-2.6-5.8-5.8z"/><path fill="#FFF" d="M24.6 4c.2.2.2.6 0 .8L22.5 7l2.2 2.2c.2.2.2.6 0 .8-.2.2-.6.2-.8 0l-2.2-2.2-2.2 2.2c-.2.2-.6.2-.8 0-.2-.2-.2-.6 0-.8L20.8 7l-2.2-2.2c-.2-.2-.2-.6 0-.8.2-.2.6-.2.8 0l2.2 2.2L23.8 4c.2-.2.6-.2.8 0z"/><path fill="#06f" d="M12.7 4.1c.2.2.3.6.1.8L8.6 9.8c-.1.1-.2.2-.3.2-.2.1-.5.1-.7-.1L5.4 7.7c-.2-.2-.2-.6 0-.8.2-.2.6-.2.8 0L8 8.6l3.8-4.5c.2-.2.6-.2.9 0z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__logo"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="5 2.8 290 69"><circle cx="39.6" cy="37.4" r="34.3" fill="#f44b34"/><path fill="#fff" d="M50.4 17.9c-1.7-1.8-4-2.6-7-2.6-9.1-.1-12.4-.1-13.2-.1L27.3 22h8.1L30 28v21h-.1l.1.1v6.7l-3.6 4h18.5L53 51V25c0-.1.1-4.3-2.6-7.1zm-5.2 19.6-7.4 7.8V41l7.4-7.8v4.3zm-7.4-15.4h3c.9 0 2.1-.1 3.1.9s1.4 2.5 1.4 4.9v3.6l-7.4 7.8-.1-17.2zm-4.9 30.1 3.3-3.6 9-9.5v13.1c0 .1-12.3.1-12.3 0z"/><path fill="#009ad9" d="m99.645 22.637 6.505-6.506 4.172 4.172-6.505 6.506zM121 44l4.2 4.2 6.5-6.5-4.2-4.2zm-3.2-31.2c1.8-1.8 4.7-1.8 6.5 0 1.9 1.9 1.7 4.8 0 6.5l-3.3 3.3 4.2 4.2 3.3-3.3c2-2 4.9-1.6 6.5 0 2 2 1.6 4.9 0 6.5l-3.3 3.3 4.2 4.2 3.3-3.3c4.2-4.2 4-10.8 0-14.8-2.8-2.8-6.1-3.1-7.6-3.1.1-1.5-.3-4.8-3.1-7.6-3.9-3.9-10.6-4.2-14.8 0l-3.3 3.3 4.2 4.2 3.2-3.4zm-7.5 20.6 4.2 4.1L121 31l-4.2-4.1-6.5 6.5z"/><path fill="#6ebd44" d="m99.6 52.4 6.6 6.5 4.1-4.2-6.5-6.5zm36.3-14.9-4.2 4.2L135 45c1.6 1.6 2 4.5 0 6.5-1.6 1.6-4.5 2.1-6.5 0l-3.3-3.3-4.2 4.2 3.3 3.3c1.7 1.7 1.9 4.6 0 6.5-1.8 1.8-4.7 1.8-6.5 0l-3.3-3.3-4.2 4.2 3.3 3.3c4.2 4.2 10.9 3.9 14.8 0 2.8-2.8 3.1-6.1 3.1-7.6 1.5 0 4.8-.3 7.6-3.1 4-4 4.2-10.6 0-14.8l-3.2-3.4zm-25.6 4.2 6.5 6.5L121 44l-6.5-6.5zm14.9-14.8L121 31l6.5 6.5 4.2-4.1-6.5-6.5z"/><path fill="#f68f1e" d="m110.332 54.607 6.506-6.506 4.172 4.172-6.506 6.505zM102.8 62.2c-1.6 1.6-4.5 2-6.5 0-1.6-1.6-2.1-4.5 0-6.5l3.3-3.3-4.2-4.2-3.3 3.3c-1.7 1.7-4.6 1.9-6.5 0-1.8-1.8-1.8-4.7 0-6.5l3.3-3.3-4.2-4.2-3.3 3.3c-4.2 4.2-3.9 10.9 0 14.8 2.8 2.8 6.1 3.1 7.6 3.1 0 1.5.3 4.8 3.1 7.6 4 4 10.6 4.2 14.8 0l3.3-3.3-4.2-4.2-3.2 3.4zm3.4-24.7L99.6 44l4.2 4.2 6.5-6.5zM95.5 26.9 89 33.4l4.1 4.1 6.5-6.5z"/><path fill="#ec174c" d="m99.6 44-6.5-6.5-4.1 4.2 6.5 6.5zm-14-14c-1.8-1.8-1.8-4.7 0-6.5 1.9-1.9 4.8-1.7 6.5 0l3.3 3.3 4.2-4.2-3.3-3.3c-2-2-1.6-4.9 0-6.5 2-2 4.9-1.6 6.5 0l3.3 3.3 4.2-4.2-3.3-3.2c-4.2-4.2-10.8-4-14.8 0-2.8 2.8-3.1 6.1-3.1 7.6-1.5-.1-4.9.3-7.6 3.1-3.9 3.9-4.2 10.6 0 14.8l3.3 3.3 4.2-4.2-3.4-3.3zm24.73-9.682 4.172-4.172 6.505 6.505-4.172 4.172zM106.2 37.5l4.1-4.1-6.5-6.5-4.2 4.1 6.6 6.5z"/><path fill="#573357" d="m106.142 16.042 4.171-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.171 4.172z"/><path fill="#be272d" d="m84.81 37.543 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#008e4c" d="m127.497 37.555 4.171-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.171 4.172z"/><path fill="#7a773e" d="m106.172 58.866 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#443639" d="m116.856 26.74 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#803136" d="m95.455 48.169 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#593438" d="m95.446 26.753 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.173-4.172 4.171z"/><path fill="#443639" d="m106.155 37.456 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.171-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#2a6442" d="m116.871 48.153 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path d="M170.4 13.5c-2.5-2.2-5.7-3.3-9.6-3.3h-7.2v23.6h7.6c3.8 0 7-1.1 9.4-3.3s3.6-5 3.6-8.5-1.3-6.3-3.8-8.5zm.1 8.5c0 2.6-.9 4.7-2.6 6.2-1.7 1.6-4.1 2.3-7 2.3h-3.8V13.4h3.8c2.9 0 5.2.8 7 2.3 1.7 1.5 2.6 3.7 2.6 6.3zm14.6-6.3c-2.5 0-4.7.9-6.4 2.7s-2.6 4-2.6 6.6.9 4.8 2.6 6.6c1.7 1.8 3.9 2.7 6.4 2.7h.1v-.1c2.5 0 4.7-.9 6.4-2.7s2.6-4 2.6-6.6c0-2.5-.9-4.8-2.6-6.6-1.8-1.7-3.9-2.6-6.5-2.6zm4.1 13.7c-.5.6-1.1 1-1.8 1.3s-1.4.3-2.2.3c-1.7 0-3-.6-4.1-1.8-1.1-1.2-1.6-2.7-1.6-4.4 0-1.7.6-3.2 1.6-4.3 1.1-1.2 2.4-1.7 4.1-1.7 1.6 0 3 .6 4 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.6 4.3 0 1.9-.5 3.4-1.6 4.6zm16.9.8c-.5.6-1.3.9-2.3.9-1.6 0-2.4-.9-2.4-2.7v-9.2h5v-3h-5v-4.4h-3.3v4.4h-2.9l.1 3h2.9v9.3c0 1.9.5 3.3 1.4 4.3s2.2 1.5 3.9 1.5c1.8 0 3.2-.5 4.2-1.5l-1.6-2.6zm38.1-11.6c-1.5-2-3.5-3-6.1-3-2.5 0-4.5.9-6.1 2.7-1.6 1.8-2.4 4-2.4 6.6 0 2.7.8 4.9 2.5 6.6 1.7 1.8 3.7 2.7 6.1 2.7 2.6 0 4.6-1 6.1-3.1v2.6h3.4V16.1h-3.4v2.5h-.1zm-1.6 2c1.1 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.6 4.3s-.5 3.2-1.6 4.4c-.5.6-1.1 1-1.8 1.3s-1.4.4-2.2.4c-1.7 0-3-.6-4.1-1.8-1.1-1.2-1.6-2.7-1.6-4.4 0-1.7.6-3.2 1.6-4.3 1.1-1.2 2.4-1.7 4.1-1.7 1.6.1 2.9.6 4 1.8zm17.9 3.6c-.9-.3-1.9-.6-3-.9-1-.3-1.9-.6-2.5-1-.7-.4-1-1-1-1.6l.1-.1c0-.7.3-1.2.9-1.6.6-.4 1.4-.6 2.3-.6 2 0 3.4.7 4.5 2l2-2c-1.3-1.8-3.5-2.7-6.6-2.7-1.9 0-3.5.5-4.7 1.4-1.2 1-1.7 2.1-1.7 3.5 0 1.2.3 2.1 1 2.9s1.5 1.3 2.6 1.7c1.1.4 2 .7 2.9 1 1 .3 1.8.7 2.4 1.1.7.5 1 1 1 1.8s-.3 1.4-.9 1.8c-.6.5-1.4.7-2.5.7-2.3 0-4.1-.8-5.3-2.3l-2 2.2c1.5 1.9 3.9 2.9 7.1 2.9 2.2 0 3.9-.5 5.1-1.5s1.8-2.3 1.8-3.8c0-1.2-.3-2.2-1-3-.6-.9-1.5-1.4-2.5-1.9zm14.9-8.6c-2.3 0-4.1.8-5.2 2.5V8.4h-3.4v25.4h3.4l.1-10.3c0-1.4.4-2.6 1.2-3.4.8-.8 1.8-1.2 3.2-1.2 1.3 0 2.4.4 3.2 1.3.8.8 1.2 2 1.2 3.4v10.3h3.4V23c0-2.3-.6-4-1.9-5.4-1.4-1.4-3.1-2-5.2-2zm-52.2 3c-1.5-2-3.5-3-6.1-3-2.5 0-4.5.9-6.1 2.7-1.6 1.8-2.4 4-2.4 6.6 0 2.7.8 4.9 2.5 6.6 1.7 1.8 3.7 2.7 6.1 2.7 2.6 0 4.6-1 6.1-3.1v2.6h3.4V8.4h-3.4v10.2h-.1zm-1.6 2c1.1 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.6 4.3s-.5 3.2-1.6 4.4c-1.1 1.2-2.4 1.8-4 1.8-1.7 0-3-.6-4.1-1.8-1.1-1.2-1.6-2.7-1.6-4.4 0-1.7.6-3.2 1.6-4.3 1.1-1.2 2.4-1.7 4.1-1.7 1.6 0 2.9.5 4 1.7zm48.8 19.9h-3.6v19.1c0 2.4.7 4.1 2.1 5.1 1.2.9 3.1 1.4 5.6 1.4h.1v-3h-.1c-1.2 0-2.1-.2-2.7-.6-.9-.6-1.4-1.7-1.4-3.3V51h4.1v-3h-4.1v-7.5zm-96.2 7c-1.4 0-2.6.3-3.7 1-1 .6-1.7 1.5-2.3 2.6-1.2-2.4-3.2-3.6-6-3.6-2.2 0-4 .9-5.2 2.6V48h-3.5v18.2h3.5l.2-10.7c0-1.5.4-2.6 1.1-3.5.7-.9 1.8-1.3 3.1-1.3s2.3.4 3.1 1.3c.8.9 1.2 2 1.2 3.5v10.6h3.4V55.5c0-1.5.4-2.6 1.2-3.5s1.8-1.3 3.2-1.3c1.3 0 2.3.4 3.1 1.3.7.9 1.1 2 1.1 3.5v10.6h3.5V55c0-2.3-.6-4.1-1.9-5.5-1.3-1.3-3-2-5.1-2zm18.9 0c-2.5 0-4.7.9-6.4 2.8-1.7 1.9-2.6 4.1-2.6 6.8s.9 5 2.7 6.8c1.8 1.8 4.1 2.8 6.8 2.8h.1v-.1c1.4 0 2.7-.3 3.9-.7 1.2-.5 2.2-1.1 3-1.9l-1.8-2.4c-1.3 1.3-3 2-5 2-1.7 0-3.1-.5-4.2-1.6-1.1-1-1.8-2.4-2-4h14.3c.1-.3.1-.7.1-1.2 0-2.5-.9-4.7-2.6-6.5-1.6-1.8-3.8-2.8-6.3-2.8zm.1 3c1.4 0 2.6.5 3.6 1.3 1 .9 1.6 2.1 1.8 3.8h-10.8c.3-1.5.9-2.7 1.8-3.7 1-.9 2.2-1.4 3.6-1.4zm22.5-2.3c-.6-.5-1.6-.8-2.8-.8-1.9 0-3.4.9-4.5 2.6v-2H205v18.2h3.5l-.1-10.5c0-1.5.3-2.7.9-3.6.6-.9 1.5-1.3 2.6-1.3.9 0 1.7.2 2.3.7h.1l1.4-3.3zm9-.7c-2.5 0-4.7.9-6.4 2.8-1.7 1.9-2.6 4.1-2.6 6.8s.9 5 2.7 6.8c1.8 1.8 4.1 2.8 6.8 2.8h.1v-.1c1.4 0 2.7-.3 3.9-.7 1.2-.5 2.2-1.1 3-1.9l-1.8-2.4c-1.3 1.3-3 2-5 2-1.7 0-3.1-.5-4.2-1.6-1.1-1-1.8-2.4-2-4h14.3c.1-.3.1-.7.1-1.2 0-2.5-.9-4.7-2.6-6.5-1.6-1.8-3.8-2.8-6.3-2.8zm.1 3c1.4 0 2.6.5 3.6 1.3 1 .9 1.6 2.1 1.8 3.8h-10.8c.3-1.5.9-2.7 1.8-3.7.9-.9 2.1-1.4 3.6-1.4zm26.1 0c-1.5-2-3.6-3.1-6.3-3.1-2.5 0-4.6.9-6.3 2.7s-2.5 4.1-2.5 6.8.9 5 2.5 6.8c1.7 1.8 3.8 2.7 6.3 2.7 2.6 0 4.7-1.1 6.3-3.2v2.7h3.5V40.5h-3.5v10zm-1.7 2c1.1 1.2 1.6 2.7 1.6 4.5 0 1.7-.6 3.3-1.6 4.5-1.1 1.2-2.4 1.8-4.2 1.8-1.7 0-3.1-.6-4.2-1.8-1.1-1.2-1.7-2.7-1.7-4.5s.6-3.3 1.7-4.5c1.1-1.2 2.5-1.8 4.2-1.8 1.8.1 3.1.7 4.2 1.8zm43.5-3c-1.3-1.4-3-2.1-5.2-2.1-2.4 0-4.2.9-5.4 2.6v-9.6h-3.5v25.7h3.5l.1-10.5c0-1.5.4-2.6 1.2-3.5.8-.9 1.8-1.3 3.2-1.3 1.4 0 2.5.4 3.3 1.3.8.9 1.2 2 1.2 3.5v10.6h3.5V55c0-2.3-.6-4.1-1.9-5.5zM259.1 48h3.5v18.2h-3.5zm0-7.5h3.4v3.4h-3.4z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-caret-right"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M33 99 82.1 50 33 .9z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-envelope"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><path d="M100,88.3H0V11.7h100V88.3z M9.4,78.9h81.3V21.1H9.4V78.9z"/><path d="M1.1 13.9 49.6 62.3 97.8 13.9z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-print"> <svg viewBox="0 0 176 170"><path class="print-st0" d="M46.7 12.3H125.7V33.3H46.7zM46.7 156.3h79v-74h-79V156.3zM60.3 99.7l54.7.1 0 7.5-54.7-.1L60.3 99.7zM60.3 116.7l54.7.1 0 7.5-54.7-.1L60.3 116.7zM60.3 133.7l39.4.1 0 7.5-39.4-.1L60.3 133.7z"/><circle class="print-st0" cx="147.6" cy="58.6" r="7.5"/><path class="print-st1" d="M155.9,33.3h-17.2v-33h-105v33H19c-9.5,0-18.3,8.6-18.3,18v81.7c0,0.4,1.4,0.2,1.8,0.2h31.2v36h105v-36h17.2 c9.5,0,18.8-7.2,18.8-16.7V51.4C174.7,41.9,165.4,33.3,155.9,33.3z M125.7,156.3h-79v-74h79V156.3z M125.7,33.3h-79v-21h79V33.3z M147.6,66.2c-4.2,0-7.5-3.4-7.5-7.5c0-4.2,3.4-7.5,7.5-7.5s7.5,3.4,7.5,7.5C155.1,62.8,151.8,66.2,147.6,66.2z"/><path transform="rotate(-89.907 87.615 103.541)" class="print-st1" d="M83.8 76.2H91.3V130.9H83.8z"/><path transform="rotate(-89.907 87.615 120.526)" class="print-st1" d="M83.8 93.2H91.3V147.9H83.8z"/><path transform="rotate(-89.871 79.961 137.511)" class="print-st1" d="M76.2 117.8H83.7V157.2H76.2z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-camera"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xml:space="preserve"><circle fill="#333" cx="49.5" cy="55.2" r="21.6"/><circle fill="#FFF" cx="49.5" cy="55.2" r="12.8"/><path fill="#333" d="M91.5,17.6V7H44.1L41,17.6H0v76.4h99.7V17.6H91.5z M91.3,85.6H8.4V26h82.9V85.6z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="reviewer-icon"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 16 15" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 15" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M13.9,10.2c0.4-0.8,0.6-1.8,0.6-2.7c0-3.9-3.1-7-7-7s-7,3.1-7,7s3.1,7,7,7C10.4,14.5,12.9,12.7,13.9,10.2z" style="fill:#dcd8a0;stroke-width:0"/><path d="M3.5,6.5l4,3.5L15,1" style="fill:none;stroke:#333;stroke-width:1.75"/><path d="M13.5,10.6c-1.1,2.2-3.4,3.6-6,3.6c-3.7,0-6.7-3-6.7-6.7s3-6.7,6.7-6.7c2.5,0,4.6,1.3,5.8,3.3" style="fill:none;stroke:#333;stroke-width:1.25"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-bullet"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 18 18" xml:space="preserve" height="20" width="20"><path fill="#D04940" d="M9.3,17.3c-0.5,0-1,0-1.5-0.1C3.3,16.4,0.3,12,1.1,7.5S6.3,0,10.8,0.8c2.2,0.4,4.1,1.6,5.3,3.4 c1.3,1.8,1.7,4,1.4,6.2s-1.6,4.1-3.4,5.3C12.6,16.8,11,17.3,9.3,17.3z M9.3,5.3C7.5,5.3,6,6.6,5.7,8.3c-0.4,2,1,3.9,3,4.3 c1,0.2,2,0,2.8-0.6s1.4-1.4,1.5-2.4l0,0c0.2-1,0-2-0.6-2.8c-0.6-0.8-1.4-1.4-2.4-1.5C9.7,5.3,9.5,5.3,9.3,5.3z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="light-box-arrow"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="2575 18840 48 48"><g transform="translate(1355 18464)"><circle cx="24" cy="24" r="24" transform="translate(1220 376)" fill="#fff"/><path d="M1248.675 390l9.38 9.38M1258.055 399.38l-9.38 9.553M1232 399.38h25.186" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="3"/></g></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-sources-show"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S15.523 0 10 0z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M10 10.621L6.818 7.44a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-2.121 2.122l4.242 4.242a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 2.122 0l4.242-4.242a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-2.121-2.122L10 10.621z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-sources-hide"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S15.523 0 10 0z" transform="rotate(180 10 10)"/><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M10 10.621L6.818 7.44a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-2.121 2.122l4.242 4.242a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 2.122 0l4.242-4.242a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-2.121-2.122L10 10.621z" transform="rotate(180 10 10)"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-checkmark"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19 19"><path d="M7.7,16.6l-5.8-5.8l2.8-2.8l3.2,3.2l8.6-8.2C14.8,1.2,12.3,0,9.5,0C4.3,0,0,4.3,0,9.5C0,14.7,4.3,19,9.5,19S19,14.7,19,9.5c0-1.2-0.2-2.4-0.7-3.5L7.7,16.6z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-cite"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.476 0 10c0 5.523 4.477 10 10 10s10-4.477 10-10c0-5.524-4.477-10-10-10z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.79 8.746a5.455 5.455 0 0 1-5.384 5.455 5.466 5.466 0 0 0 2.646-3.065 2.418 2.418 0 0 1-2.114-2.394 2.426 2.426 0 1 1 4.851 0v.004zM9.724 8.746A5.456 5.456 0 0 1 4.341 14.2a5.47 5.47 0 0 0 2.645-3.065 2.418 2.418 0 0 1-2.113-2.394 2.426 2.426 0 0 1 4.851 0v.004z"/></svg> </symbol> </defs> </svg>   <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5P3SZGS" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <header id="header_1-0" class="comp header" role="banner" data-tracking-container="true"><a href="#skip-to-content" rel="nocaes" id="skip-link_1-0" class="skip-link mntl-text-link btn" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Skip to content</span></a> <div class="menu-button-container"> <button class="menu-button"> <span class="is-vishidden">Menu</span> <div class="menu-button-inner"> <svg class="icon icon-menu " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-menu" href="#icon-menu"></use> </svg> <svg class="icon icon-close " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-close" href="#icon-close"></use> </svg> <div> </button> </div> <div id="logo_1-0" class="comp logo"> <a href="/" rel="home" aria-label="Visit ThoughtCo's homepage"> <span class="is-vishidden">Home</span> <svg class="icon icon-logo " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-logo" href="#icon-logo"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <nav id="header-nav_1-0" class="comp header-nav" role="navigation"> <ul class="header-nav__list"> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/sciences-math-4132465" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__list-item-link" > Science, Tech, Math </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/science-4132464" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Science </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/math-4133545" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Math </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/social-sciences-4133522" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Social Sciences </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/computer-science-4133486" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Computer Science </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/animals-and-nature-4133421" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Animals & Nature </a> </li> </uL> </li> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/humanities-4133358" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__list-item-link" > Humanities </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > History & Culture </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/visual-arts-4132957" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Visual Arts </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/literature-4133251" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Literature </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/english-4688281" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > English </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-4133035" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Geography </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/philosophy-4133025" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Philosophy </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/issues-4133022" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Issues </a> </li> </uL> </li> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/languages-4133094" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__list-item-link" > Languages </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/esl-4133095" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > English as a Second Language </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/spanish-4133085" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Spanish </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/french-4133079" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > French </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/german-4133073" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > German </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/italian-4133069" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Italian </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/japanese-4133062" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Japanese </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/mandarin-4133057" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Mandarin </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/russian-4175265" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Russian </a> </li> </uL> </li> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/resources-4132590" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__list-item-link" > Resources </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/for-students-parents-4132588" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > For Students & Parents </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/for-educators-4132509" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > For Educators </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/for-adult-learners-4132469" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > For Adult Learners </a> </li> </uL> </li> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="/about-us-4779650" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__list-item-link" >About Us</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="general-search_1-0" class="comp general-search" data-tracking-container="true"> <button class="search-icon"> <span class="is-vishidden">Search</span> <svg class="icon icon-search " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-search" href="#icon-search"></use> </svg> </button> <form class="general-search-form" role="search" action="/search" method="get"> <div class="input-group"> <span class="general-search__close">Close</span> <label for="search-input" class="is-vishidden">Search the site</label> <input type="text" name="q" id="search-input" class="general-search-input" placeholder="Search here..." type="text" required="required" value="" tabindex="-1"> <button class="btn btn-go" tabindex="-1"> <span class="is-vishidden">GO</span> <svg class="icon icon-search " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-search" href="#icon-search"></use> </svg> </button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="header-nav-panel"> <nav id="fullscreen-nav_1-0" class="comp fullscreen-nav " role="navigation" data-tracking-container="true"> <ul class="fullscreen-nav-list"> <li class="fullscreen-nav-list-item" tabindex="0"> <div class="fullscreen-nav-title fullscreen-nav-title--science-tech-math" > <div> Science, Tech, Math </div> <svg class="icon icon-caret-down " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-down" href="#icon-caret-down"></use> </svg> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav-sub"> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/science-4132464" rel="nocaes" >Science</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/math-4133545" rel="nocaes" >Math</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/social-sciences-4133522" rel="nocaes" >Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/computer-science-4133486" rel="nocaes" >Computer Science</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/animals-and-nature-4133421" rel="nocaes" >Animals & Nature</a></li> </uL> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav-list-item" tabindex="0"> <div class="fullscreen-nav-title fullscreen-nav-title--humanities" > <div> Humanities </div> <svg class="icon icon-caret-down " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-down" href="#icon-caret-down"></use> </svg> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav-sub"> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356" rel="nocaes" >History & Culture</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/visual-arts-4132957" rel="nocaes" >Visual Arts</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/literature-4133251" rel="nocaes" >Literature</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/english-4688281" rel="nocaes" >English</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-4133035" rel="nocaes" >Geography</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/philosophy-4133025" rel="nocaes" >Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/issues-4133022" rel="nocaes" >Issues</a></li> </uL> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav-list-item" tabindex="0"> <div class="fullscreen-nav-title fullscreen-nav-title--languages" > <div> Languages </div> <svg class="icon icon-caret-down " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-down" href="#icon-caret-down"></use> </svg> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav-sub"> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/esl-4133095" rel="nocaes" >English as a Second Language</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/spanish-4133085" rel="nocaes" >Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/french-4133079" rel="nocaes" >French</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/german-4133073" rel="nocaes" >German</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/italian-4133069" rel="nocaes" >Italian</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/japanese-4133062" rel="nocaes" >Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/mandarin-4133057" rel="nocaes" >Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/russian-4175265" rel="nocaes" >Russian</a></li> </uL> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav-list-item" tabindex="0"> <div class="fullscreen-nav-title fullscreen-nav-title--resources" > <div> Resources </div> <svg class="icon icon-caret-down " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-down" href="#icon-caret-down"></use> </svg> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav-sub"> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/for-students-parents-4132588" rel="nocaes" >For Students & Parents</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/for-educators-4132509" rel="nocaes" >For Educators</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/for-adult-learners-4132469" rel="nocaes" >For Adult Learners</a></li> </uL> </li> <li> <ul id="contact-nav_1-0" class="comp contact-nav"> <li class="contact-nav__nav-item"><a href="/about-us-4779650" rel="nocaes" >About Us</a></li> <li class="contact-nav__nav-item"><a href="/about-us-4779650#toc-contact-us" rel="nocaes" >Contact Us</a></li> <li class="contact-nav__nav-item"><a href="/about-us-4779650#toc-editorial-guidelines" rel="nocaes" >Editorial Guidelines</a></li> <li class="contact-nav__nav-item"><a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com/brands-privacy" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" >Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> </uL> </nav> </div> </header> <div id="mm-ads-leaderboard-header_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-leaderboard-header mm-ads-flexible-leaderboard mm-ads-flexible-ad mm-ads-gpt-adunit leaderboard--header has-right-label gpt leaderboard "> <div id="leaderboard-flex-1" class="wrapper" ></div> </div> <div id="mm-ads-leaderboard-spacer_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-leaderboard-spacer mntl-block js-rollaway-spacer"></div><main id="main" class="loc main" role="main"><iframe id="height-change-listener" role="none" tabindex="-1" src="about:blank" aria-hidden="true"></iframe> <div id="skip-to-content" class="jump-link"></div> <article id="ref-article_1-0" class="comp ref-article mntl-article mntl-article--three-column sc-ad-container right-rail" data-tracking-container="true"><div class="loc article-header"><div id="article-header-block_1-0" class="comp article-header-block mntl-block "><ul id="breadcrumbs_1-0" class="comp breadcrumbs mntl-universal-breadcrumbs mntl-block type--squirrel breadcrumbs" data-tracking-container="true"><li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_1-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/humanities-4133358" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_5-0" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Humanities</span></a> <span id="breadcrumbs__separator_1-0" class="comp breadcrumbs__separator mntl-text-block">›</span></li> <li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_2-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_6-0" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">History & Culture</span></a> <span id="breadcrumbs__separator_2-0" class="comp breadcrumbs__separator mntl-text-block">›</span></li> <li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_3-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/american-history-4133354" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_7-0" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">American History</span></a> <span id="breadcrumbs__separator_3-0" class="comp breadcrumbs__separator mntl-text-block">›</span></li> <li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_4-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/american-history-timeline-4133352" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_8-0" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Key Events</span></a> <span id="breadcrumbs__separator_4-0" class="comp breadcrumbs__separator mntl-text-block">›</span></li></ul> <div id="article-heading_1-0" class="comp article-heading mntl-article-header"> <h1 class="article-heading type--lion">Significant Eras of the American Industrial Revolution</h1> <p class="article-subheading type--dog">Transportation, Industry, and Electrification Transformed the Nation</p> </div></div> </div><div class="loc article-post-header"><div id="post-header-social-block_1-0" class="comp post-header-social-block mntl-block"><div id="social-share-block_1-0" class="comp social-share-block mntl-block"><ul id="social-share_1-0" class="comp social-share mntl-social-share share" data-title="Significant Eras of the American Industrial Revolution" document="ListStructuredContentDocumentEx{parent=BaseDocumentEx{templateType=LISTSC, documentId=4164132, bestTitle='Significant Eras of the American Industrial Revolution'}}" data-description="Learn about the American Industrial Revolution and how it transformed the nation in the 1800s, setting the stage for US dominance in the 20th century." data-tracking-container="true"> <li class="share-item share-item-facebook"> <span data-href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fsignificant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook.com%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3Dsocial-share-article" data-network="facebook" data-click-tracked="true" class="share-link share-link-facebook" tabindex="0" title="Share on Facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" role="link"> <svg class="icon icon-facebook " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-facebook" href="#icon-facebook"></use> </svg> </span> </li> <li class="share-item share-item-flipboard"> <span data-href="https://share.flipboard.com/bookmarklet/popout?v=2&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fsignificant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132%3Futm_source%3Dflipit%26utm_medium%3Dweb%26utm_campaign%3Dwidgets%26utm_content%3Dwww.thoughtco.com&title=Significant+Eras+of+the+American+Industrial+Revolution&t=1732487253645" data-network="flipboard" data-click-tracked="true" class="share-link share-link-flipboard" tabindex="0" title="Share on Flipboard" aria-label="Share on Flipboard" role="link"> <svg class="icon icon-flipboard " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-flipboard" href="#icon-flipboard"></use> </svg> </span> </li> <li class="share-item share-item-email"> <span data-href="https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132?utm_source=emailshare&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=shareurlbuttons" data-network="emailshare" data-click-tracked="true" class="share-link share-link-email" tabindex="0" title="Email this article" aria-label="Email this article" role="link"> <svg class="icon icon-envelope " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-envelope" href="#icon-envelope"></use> </svg> </span> </li> </ul></div> <form id="print-button_1-0" class="comp print-button" method="POST" action="/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132?print" target="_blank"> <button class="mntl-print-button__btn" aria-label="Print this article."> Print <svg class="icon icon-print mntl-print-button__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-print" href="#icon-print"></use> </svg> </button> <input type="hidden" value="true" name="print" /> <input type="hidden" value="2625801650942e6022d849674cfd53f3" name="CSRFToken" /> </form></div> <figure id="figure-article_1-0" class="comp figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image lock-primary right-rail__offset figure-landscape primary-image"> <div class="primary-image__media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:57.5%;"> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/tPRsVCsiLwm3GH4NE_mI7pNPggk=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dye-house-roof-919006314-a1984e09c32043688aab8128aba24d95.jpg" width="3720" height="2142" srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/tPRsVCsiLwm3GH4NE_mI7pNPggk=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dye-house-roof-919006314-a1984e09c32043688aab8128aba24d95.jpg 1500w" sizes="750px" alt="Dye House Roof" class=" primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" onload="(function(e){e.classList.add('loaded')})(this)" style="--blurry: url('data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,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')" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/tPRsVCsiLwm3GH4NE_mI7pNPggk=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dye-house-roof-919006314-a1984e09c32043688aab8128aba24d95.jpg" width="3720" height="2142" class="loaded primary-img--noscript primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/tPRsVCsiLwm3GH4NE_mI7pNPggk=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dye-house-roof-919006314-a1984e09c32043688aab8128aba24d95.jpg 1500w" sizes="750px" alt="Dye House Roof" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="primary-image__figcap_1-0" class="comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner">Heritage Images / Getty Images</span> </figcaption></figure> </div><div class="loc article-left-rail"> <div id="breadcrumbs-list_2-0" class="comp breadcrumbs-list " data-tracking-container="true"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356" rel="nocaes" class="breadcrumbs-list-image" ><div class="loc image"><img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/MbxSdKcvs3dVP8888BFPz398xhQ=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/left_rail_image_history-58a22da068a0972917bfb5b7.png" width="150" height="0" alt="History and Culture" class=" universal-image__image" /> </div></a> <span class="breadcrumbs-list-title"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356" rel="nocaes" >History & Culture</a> </span> <ul class="breadcrumbs-list-list"> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/american-history-4133354" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > American History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> <ul class="breadcrumbs-list-submenu"> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item is-active "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/american-history-timeline-4133352" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="1" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link is-active" > <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon-active" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> Key Events <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/american-history-basics-4133353" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="2" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Basics <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/important-historical-figures-4133355" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="3" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Important Historical Figures <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/us-presidents-in-american-history-4133351" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="4" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > U.S. Presidents <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/native-american-history-4133350" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="5" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Native American History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/american-revolution-4133349" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="6" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > American Revolution <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/america-moves-westward-4133347" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="7" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > America Moves Westward <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-gilded-age-4133346" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="8" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > The Gilded Age <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item is-collapsed"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/crimes-and-disasters-4133345" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="9" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Crimes & Disasters <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item is-collapsed"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/industrial-revolution-inventors-chart-4059637" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="10" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/african-american-history-4133344" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="2" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > African American History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/african-history-4133338" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="3" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > African History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-history-4133336" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="4" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Ancient History and Culture <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/asian-history-4133325" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="5" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Asian History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/european-history-4133316" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="6" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > European History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/genealogy-4133308" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="7" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Genealogy <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/inventions-4133303" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="8" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Inventions <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu is-collapsed"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/latin-american-history-4133296" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="9" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Latin American History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu is-collapsed"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/medieval-and-renaissance-history-4133289" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="10" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Medieval & Renaissance History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu is-collapsed"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/military-history-4133285" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="11" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Military History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu is-collapsed"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/20th-century-4133273" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="12" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > The 20th Century <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu is-collapsed"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/womens-history-4133260" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="13" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Women's History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356" rel="nocaes" class="text-btn" > <span class="text-btn__text-label">View More</span> <svg class="icon icon-caret-right text-btn-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a></div> </div><div class="loc article-pre-content"><div id="article-meta_1-0" class="comp article-meta mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="reference-bylines_1-0" class="comp reference-bylines mntl-bylines right-rail__offset"><div id="mntl-bylines__group_1-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__group mntl-block mntl-bylines__group--author"><div id="mntl-bylines__item_1-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__item mntl-attribution__item mntl-attribution__item--has-date"> <span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">By</span> <div data-tooltip="Martin Kelly, M.A., is a history teacher and curriculum developer. He is the author of "The Everything American Presidents Book" and "Colonial Life: Government."" tabindex="0" data-inline-tooltip="true"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/martin-kelly-103799" rel="nocaes" data-trigger-link="true" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="-1" >Martin Kelly</a> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip mntl-tooltip mntl-group "> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__top mntl-author-tooltip__top--no-image"> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip__name_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__name mntl-attribution__item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/martin-kelly-103799" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="0" >Martin Kelly</a> </div> <span id="mntl-author-tooltip__job-title_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__job-title mntl-text-block">History Expert</span> <ul id="mntl-author-tooltip__education_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__education mntl-block"><li id="mntl-author-tooltip__education-item_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__education-item mntl-text-block">M.A., History, University of Florida</li> <li id="mntl-author-tooltip__education-item_2-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__education-item mntl-text-block">B.A., History, University of Florida</li></ul> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bio"> Martin Kelly, M.A., is a history teacher and curriculum developer. He is the author of "The Everything American Presidents Book" and "Colonial Life: Government." </div> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bottom"> <span class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-text">Learn about our</span> <a href="/about-us-4779650#toc-editorial-guidelines" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-link" >Editorial Process</a> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="mntl-attribution__item-date">Updated on July 02, 2019</div></div> </div></div> </div><div class="loc article-content"><div id="list-sc_1-0" class="comp list-sc mntl-block article-content list "><div id="article-intro_1-0" class="comp article-intro mntl-block article-content__description"><p id="mntl-sc-block_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> There were actually two <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/guide-to-the-industrial-revolution-1221914" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Industrial Revolutions</a>. The first occurred in Great Britain in the mid-17th and early 18th centuries as that nation became an economic and colonial powerhouse. The second Industrial Revolution occurred in the U.S. beginning in the mid-1800s, transforming and positioning America for its rise to a global superpower.  </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_2-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Britain's <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/top-significant-industrial-revolution-inventors-104725" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Industrial Revolution</a> saw the emergence of water, steam, and coal as abundant sources of power, helping the U.K. dominate the global textile market during this era. Other advancements in chemistry, manufacturing, and transportation ensured Britain became the world's first modern superpower, and its colonial empire allowed its many technological innovations to spread around the world. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_3-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The American Industrial Revolution began in the years and decades following the end of the Civil War. As the nation re-solidified its bonds, American entrepreneurs were building on the advancements made in Britain. In the coming years, new forms of transportation, innovations in the industry, and the emergence of electricity would transform the nation in much the same way the U.K. had transformed into an earlier era. </p></div> <div id="list-sc__content_1-0" class="comp list-sc__content mntl-sc-page mntl-block " data-sc-sticky-offset="85" data-sc-ad-label-height="24" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="100" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-load-immediate="3" data-sc-content-positions="[1, 1050, 1250, 1550, 1950, 2350, 2750, 3150]" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true"><div id="list-sc-item_1-0" class="comp list-sc-item mntl-block mntl-sc-list-item"><div id="list-marker_1-0" class="comp list-marker list-marker--none"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-the-colonial-era-cotton-gin-interchangeable-parts-and-electricity"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_4-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-list-item-title"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> The Colonial Era: Cotton Gin, Interchangeable Parts, and Electricity </span> </h2> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_5-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:65.8%;"> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/aGo99Br1x12gYlmv5leFoVbYcL4=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Cotton_gin_EWM_2007-5b025749eb97de003db88eb5.jpg" width="1500" height="987" srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/DeKIfoV_PxEkeef4OYWIoLX2rGM=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Cotton_gin_EWM_2007-5b025749eb97de003db88eb5.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="Cotton gin" class=" universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_1-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p> Tom Murphy VII/Wikimedia Commons</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_6-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Although the American Industrial Revolution wouldn't take full effect until the middle of the 1800s, one colonial innovator did make his mark upon the young nation. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_7-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> In 1794, <a data-inlink="zR9fxZLEK3XjX06MRQHhJQ==" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-cotton-gin-and-eli-whitney-1992683" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Eli Whitney</a> invented the <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-cotton-gin-in-american-history-104722" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">cotton gin</a>, which made the separation of cotton seeds from fiber much faster. The South increased its cotton supply, sending raw cotton north to be used in the manufacture of cloth. Francis C. Lowell increased the efficiency in cloth manufacture by bringing the spinning and weaving processes together into one factory. This led to the development of the textile industry throughout New England.  </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_8-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Whitney also came up with the idea to use interchangeable parts in 1798 to make muskets. If standard parts were made by machine, then they could be assembled at the end much more quickly. This became an important element of American industry and the second Industrial Revolution. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_9-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Another innovator and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, was busy experimenting with electricity during this era, which resulted in the invention of the lightning rod. At the same time, Michael Faraday in the U.K. was studying electromagnetism, which would lay the foundation for modern electrical motors. </p></div> <div id="adslot_1-0" class="comp adslot mntl-block mntl-sc-block-adslot"></div> <div id="list-sc-item_2-0" class="comp list-sc-item mntl-block mntl-sc-list-item"><div id="list-marker_2-0" class="comp list-marker list-marker--none"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-1800-1820-transportation-and-expansion"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_10-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-list-item-title"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 1800-1820: Transportation and Expansion </span> </h2> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_11-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/9FqakdOtY7zX-wdJQbb2ylr-vr0=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-803961422-5b02584f18ba0100376da933.jpg" width="1500" height="1000" data-srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/NGZ5bQry0K7bXqRn6FgUIpEmXcU=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-803961422-5b02584f18ba0100376da933.jpg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="River Lock along the Mohawk River/Erie Canal in central NY State." class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_2-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/9FqakdOtY7zX-wdJQbb2ylr-vr0=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-803961422-5b02584f18ba0100376da933.jpg" width="1500" height="1000" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/NGZ5bQry0K7bXqRn6FgUIpEmXcU=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-803961422-5b02584f18ba0100376da933.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="River Lock along the Mohawk River/Erie Canal in central NY State." /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_2-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p> jerryhopman/Getty Images</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_12-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The young U.S. wasted no time expanding westward following independence. The nation's westward expansion in the 1800s was aided in no small part by its vast network of rivers and lakes. In the early decades of the century, the <a data-inlink="o35NgPYDSwCayEPMZFxQcg==" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/erie-canal-1435779" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Erie Canal</a> created a route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes, thereby helping stimulate the economy of New York and making New York City a great trading center.  </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_13-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Meanwhile, the great river and lake cities of the Midwest were thriving thanks to the reliable transportation afforded by the steamboat. Road transit was also beginning to link parts of the country together. The Cumberland Road, the first <a data-inlink="bv8NzuN0cWK6-j1ffA5sHA==" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-national-road-1774053" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">national road</a>, was begun in 1811 and eventually became part of Interstate 40.  </p></div> <div id="adslot_2-0" class="comp adslot mntl-block mntl-sc-block-adslot"></div> <div id="list-sc-item_3-0" class="comp list-sc-item mntl-block mntl-sc-list-item"><div id="list-marker_3-0" class="comp list-marker list-marker--none"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-1820-1850-the-rise-of-the-middle-class"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_14-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-list-item-title"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 1820-1850: The Rise of the Middle Class </span> </h2> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_15-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.7%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/41xtm-ZYqCwduRnVTAQgK7lx71M=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-689193636-5b0259403418c600389cb556.jpg" width="1500" height="1001" data-srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/7vCfL6cjshWqmtwpNjdKmh2U21Q=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-689193636-5b0259403418c600389cb556.jpg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="Cargo train platform with freight train container at depot use for Import," class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_3-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/41xtm-ZYqCwduRnVTAQgK7lx71M=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-689193636-5b0259403418c600389cb556.jpg" width="1500" height="1001" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/7vCfL6cjshWqmtwpNjdKmh2U21Q=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-689193636-5b0259403418c600389cb556.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="Cargo train platform with freight train container at depot use for Import," /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_3-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p> Prasit photo/Getty Images</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_16-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> As western cities began to spring up along major water networks, the industry also grew. The first freight railroads began appearing in the mid-1820s along the Erie Canal and other industrial centers. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad began offering regular passenger service in 1830. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_17-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The invention of the telegraph in 1844 would also transform the nation as news and information could now be shared within seconds. As the rail system grew, telegraph lines inevitably followed, with relay offices in train stations along major routes. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_18-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> As industry expanded, the middle class began to grow. For the first time, a critical mass of Americans had disposable income and some leisure time thanks to early industrialization. This gave rise to new machines for both factory and home. In 1846, Elias Howe created the <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/textile-revolution-sewing-machine-1991938" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">sewing machine</a> which revolutionized clothing manufacture. Factories could achieve new levels of output, while housewives could create clothes for the family in far less time. </p></div> <div id="adslot_3-0" class="comp adslot mntl-block mntl-sc-block-adslot"></div> <div id="list-sc-item_4-0" class="comp list-sc-item mntl-block mntl-sc-list-item"><div id="list-marker_4-0" class="comp list-marker list-marker--none"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-1850-1870-impact-of-the-civil-war"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_19-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-list-item-title"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 1850-1870: Impact of the Civil War </span> </h2> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_20-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/DbqmTSOwGXuVW5r1LQ9im-nfQC8=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-699089709-5b0259dc8023b90036f59efa.jpg" width="5472" height="3648" data-srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/1Wb-Gp_FQCp6uTzo6IdJeaPoeo4=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-699089709-5b0259dc8023b90036f59efa.jpg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="Manassas Cannons" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_4-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/DbqmTSOwGXuVW5r1LQ9im-nfQC8=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-699089709-5b0259dc8023b90036f59efa.jpg" width="5472" height="3648" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/1Wb-Gp_FQCp6uTzo6IdJeaPoeo4=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-699089709-5b0259dc8023b90036f59efa.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="Manassas Cannons" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_4-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Brian W. Downs/Getty Images</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_21-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> By the start of the Civil War, <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/effect-of-railroads-on-the-united-states-104724" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">railroads were of supreme importance</a> to increased trade throughout the United States. Lines linked the most important Midwestern cities with the Atlantic coast, fueling the Midwest's industrial growth. With the advent of the transcontinental <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/east-meets-west-104218" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">railroad</a> in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, and the standardization of rail gauges in the 1880s, the railroad quickly became the dominant form of transit for both people and goods for the rest of the 19th century. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_22-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The Civil War transformed other technologies. Photography, first invented about 1830, had become sophisticated enough that horse-drawn mobile darkrooms and semi-portable cameras made documenting the war possible by photographers such as Matthew Brady. These images were reproduced as engravings in newspapers large and small, which along with the telegraph allowed the news of the nation to spread easily across long distances. Medicine also advanced as doctors devised new means of treating trauma and the first anesthetics were used. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_23-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Another discovery, this one in 1859, would have consequences not just for the Civil War, but the nation beyond. That discovery was oil in Titusville, Pa., the first major deposits located in the U.S. Pennsylvania would soon become the center for the nation's oil drilling and refining industry. </p></div> <div id="adslot_4-0" class="comp adslot mntl-block mntl-sc-block-adslot"></div> <div id="list-sc-item_5-0" class="comp list-sc-item mntl-block mntl-sc-list-item"><div id="list-marker_5-0" class="comp list-marker list-marker--none"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-1870-1890-electricity-telephones-steel-and-labor"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_24-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-list-item-title"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 1870-1890: Electricity, Telephones, Steel, and Labor </span> </h2> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_25-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:69.4%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/RYalR1vAy3keVLkkuLcsVL7-6B8=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-910938166-5b025b9718ba0100376ddc0a.jpg" width="1500" height="1041" data-srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/laNOshM3p-wDiDzrwA7hZkedDmc=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-910938166-5b025b9718ba0100376ddc0a.jpg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="Inventor Thomas Edison (1847-1931) in his laboratory" class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_5-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/RYalR1vAy3keVLkkuLcsVL7-6B8=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-910938166-5b025b9718ba0100376ddc0a.jpg" width="1500" height="1041" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/laNOshM3p-wDiDzrwA7hZkedDmc=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-910938166-5b025b9718ba0100376ddc0a.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="Inventor Thomas Edison (1847-1931) in his laboratory" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_5-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p> De Agostini / Biblioteca Ambrosiana/Getty Images</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_26-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> As the nation rebuilt in the decades after the Civil War, the electrical network would transform the nation even more rapidly than railroads had. Building on work done primarily by a British inventor, Thomas Edison patented the world's first practical incandescent light bulb in 1879. He quickly began promoting the development of an electrical grid in New York City to power his invention. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_27-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> But Edison relied on direct-current (DC) power transmission, which couldn't send electricity over anything but short distances. George Westinghouse, Edison's business rival, promoted alternating-current (AC) transmission transformer technology and established a rival electrical network. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_28-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Often, the same poles supporting the new electrical lines would also support lines for another new invention, the telephone. That device, pioneered by a number of inventors including Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison, was unveiled in 1876, the same year the U.S. celebrated its 100th birthday. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_29-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> All of these innovations contributed to urbanization as new industries lured people from farm to city. As the American Industrial Revolution advanced, metallurgists would develop alloys making steel (another 19th-century innovation) even stronger, allowing for the construction of the first skyscraper in 1885 in Chicago. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_30-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Labor would also change, particularly in the first decades of the 20th century, as workers gained new economic and political power with major unions like the American Federation of Labor, founded in 1886. </p></div> <div id="adslot_5-0" class="comp adslot mntl-block mntl-sc-block-adslot"></div> <div id="list-sc-item_6-0" class="comp list-sc-item mntl-block mntl-sc-list-item"><div id="list-marker_6-0" class="comp list-marker list-marker--none"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-1890-and-beyond-assembly-line-mass-transit-and-the-radio"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_31-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-list-item-title"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> 1890 and Beyond: Assembly Line, Mass Transit, and the Radio </span> </h2> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_32-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:72.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/OiI8wSLHzEAa6Ywdwu0cQ1Q4Mss=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-672837667-5b028ff518ba01003770e7fc.jpg" width="1500" height="1089" data-srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/y_IQ0P9bHJFlrqjePCx_FAxeIFw=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-672837667-5b028ff518ba01003770e7fc.jpg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="1900s INTERSECTION OF FAIR..." class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_6-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/OiI8wSLHzEAa6Ywdwu0cQ1Q4Mss=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-672837667-5b028ff518ba01003770e7fc.jpg" width="1500" height="1089" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/y_IQ0P9bHJFlrqjePCx_FAxeIFw=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-672837667-5b028ff518ba01003770e7fc.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="1900s INTERSECTION OF FAIR..." /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_6-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>American Stock/ClassicStock/Getty Images </p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_33-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Aided by innovations developed by Nikola Tesla, George Westinghouse would eventually best Thomas Edison. By the early 1890s, AC had become the dominant means of power transmission. As with railroads, industry standardization allowed electrical networks to spread rapidly, first among urban areas and later into less populated regions. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_34-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> These electrical lines did more than just power lightbulbs, which allowed people to work in the dark. It also powered the light and heavy machinery of the nation's factories, further fueling the nation's economic expansion into the 20th century. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_35-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> American Industry was transformed again by Henry Ford's pioneering use of the assembly line in the manufacturing process, which advanced on the development of another innovation, the automobile, first invented in 1885 by German Karl Benz. At the same time, public transit was exploding, with electric streetcars aboveground and the first U.S. subway, in Boston, in 1897. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_36-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Mass communication would change again with the invention of the radio in 1895. It would have profound impacts on how the nation communicated, further enhancing its growth and expansion. </p></div> <div id="adslot_6-0" class="comp adslot mntl-block mntl-sc-block-adslot"></div> <div id="list-sc-item_7-0" class="comp list-sc-item mntl-block mntl-sc-list-item"><div id="list-marker_7-0" class="comp list-marker list-marker--none"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-american-industrial-revolution-key-takeaways"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_37-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-list-item-title"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> American Industrial Revolution Key Takeaways </span> </h2> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_38-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-universal-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme no-theme mntl-sc-block-image figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:63.7%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/_Ma5-ppFnK0KLimHmLAHt_dd2AI=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-185738668-5b0290b6eb97de003dbbdd3f.jpg" width="1500" height="956" data-srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/IGi6gLsfDyx_iHazT4Aeq4r1qao=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-185738668-5b0290b6eb97de003dbbdd3f.jpg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="Interior of the Mueller textile factory (today an industrial museum)," class="lazyload universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_7-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/_Ma5-ppFnK0KLimHmLAHt_dd2AI=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-185738668-5b0290b6eb97de003dbbdd3f.jpg" width="1500" height="956" class="img--noscript universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/IGi6gLsfDyx_iHazT4Aeq4r1qao=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-185738668-5b0290b6eb97de003dbbdd3f.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="Interior of the Mueller textile factory (today an industrial museum)," /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_7-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>De Agostini / S. Vannini/Getty Images </p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_39-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> By the end of World War I, the American Industrial Revolution had utterly transformed the nation. Growth fueled development in a virtuous cycle as the nation expanded. By 1916, there would be more than 230,000 miles of rails in the U.S., and passenger traffic would continue to grow until the end of World War II when two newer transit innovations gained dominance and would fuel new economic and industrial changes: the car and the airplane. </p> <p id="mntl-sc-block_40-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> It could be argued that we're in the midst of a new Industrial Revolution today, particularly in the field of telecommunications. Television built on the advances of radio, while advances in the telephone would lead to the circuits that are in today's computers. Innovations in mobile tech in the early 21st century suggest that the next revolution may just be starting. </p> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-sources"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_41-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-list-item-title"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Sources: </span> </h2> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_42-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> <li><cite>Brooks, Rebecca Beatrice. "<a href="http://historyofmassachusetts.org/industrial-revolution-america/" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">The Industrial Revolution in America</a>." HistoryOfMassachusetts.org, 11 April 2018.</cite></li> <li><cite>Encyclopedia.com editors. "<a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/second-phase-industrial-revolution-1850-1940" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="2">The Second Phase Of The Industrial Revolution: 1850–1940</a>." Encyclopedia.com, 2003.</cite></li> <li><cite>Encyclopaedia Brittanica editors. "<a href="https://www.britannica.com/failedlogin" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="3">Industrial Revolution. Brittanica.com</a>, 11 April 2018.</cite></li> <li><cite>Mattus, Doug. "<a href="http://education.seattlepi.com/extent-did-industrial-revolution-change-american-social-economic-political-life-6960.html" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="4">To What Extent Did the Industrial Revolution Change American Social, Economic & Political Life?</a>" Seattle Post-Intelligencer.</cite></li> </ul></div> <div id="adslot_7-0" class="comp adslot mntl-block mntl-sc-block-adslot"></div></div> <div id="article-outro_1-0" class="comp article-outro mntl-block"></div> <div id="sources-and-citation_1-0" class="comp sources-and-citation mntl-block"><div id="citation-widget_1-0" class="comp citation-widget js-citation-widget" data-tracking-container="true"> <div class="citation-widget__container js-container"> <button class="citation-widget__button js-button"> <span class="citation-widget__cite-label">Cite this Article </span> <svg class="icon icon-cite citation-widget__icon-cite" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-cite" href="#icon-cite"></use> </svg> </button> <div class="citation-widget__window js-window"> <svg class="icon icon-close citation-widget__icon-close js-icon-close" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-close" href="#icon-close"></use> </svg> <div class="citation-widget__heading">Format</div> <a href="#" class="citation-widget__format-link citation-widget__format-link--active js-format-link">mla</a> <a href="#" class="citation-widget__format-link js-format-link">apa</a> <a href="#" class="citation-widget__format-link js-format-link">chicago</a> <div class="citation-widget__heading">Your Citation</div> <div class="citation-widget__content js-content"> <span class="citation-widget__citation citation-widget__citation--active js-active" data-citation-format="mla">Kelly, Martin. "Significant Eras of the American Industrial Revolution." ThoughtCo, Jun. 25, 2024, thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132.</span> <span class="citation-widget__citation" data-citation-format="apa">Kelly, Martin. (2024, June 25). Significant Eras of the American Industrial Revolution. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132</span> <span class="citation-widget__citation" data-citation-format="chicago">Kelly, Martin. "Significant Eras of the American Industrial Revolution." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132 (accessed November 24, 2024).</span> </div> <div class="citation-widget__copy-container"> <button class="citation-widget__copy-button js-copy-button"> <div class="citation-widget__copy-wrapper"> <svg class="icon icon-checkmark citation-widget__icon-checkmark" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-checkmark" href="#icon-checkmark"></use> </svg> <span class="citation-widget__copy-label js-copy-label">copy citation</span> </div> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div><div class="loc article-right-rail"><div id="mm-ads-right-rail_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-right-rail mntl-block"><div id="listsc-billboard-group_1-0" class="comp listsc-billboard-group mntl-block js-scads-inline-content"><div id="mntl-block_2-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard1-sticky_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard1-sticky mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFlex1-sticky mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="1050" style="height: 1050px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_2-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square "> <div id="square-flex-1" class="wrapper" ></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_3-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard2-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard2-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_3-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFlex2-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_4-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-flex-2" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],[300, 600],[160, 600],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_4-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard3-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard3-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_5-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_6-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-fixed" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_5-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard4-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard4-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_7-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_8-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-fixed" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_6-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard5-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard5-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_9-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_10-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-fixed" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_7-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard6-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard6-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_11-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_12-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-fixed" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_8-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard7-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard7-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_13-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_14-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-fixed" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div></div></div> </div></article> <div id="prefooter--outbrain_1-0" class="comp prefooter--outbrain prefooter mntl-block"><div id="reference-outbrain_1-0" class="comp reference-outbrain mntl-outbrain"> <div class="OUTBRAIN js-outbrain-widget" data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132" data-widget-id="AR_1"></div> </div> <section id="masonry-list-section_1-0" class="comp masonry-list-section mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><ul id="mntl-masonry-tax-card-list_1-0" class="comp mntl-masonry-tax-card-list mntl-masonry-card-list mntl-masonry-list mntl-block masonry-list"><li id="masonry-list__item_1-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_1-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="4160605" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-federalist-party-4160605" data-ordinal="1" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:130.2%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/X6Yu6Dg0OlCeLqqG9PXos1QXZrs=/250x3327/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-3246312-57957ab35f9b58173b266088.jpg" width="250" height="3327" alt="John Adams - Second President of the United States" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="0.768" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/X6Yu6Dg0OlCeLqqG9PXos1QXZrs=/250x3327/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-3246312-57957ab35f9b58173b266088.jpg" width="250" height="3327" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="John Adams - Second President of the United States" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">The Federalist Party: America's First Political Party</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_2-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_2-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="104296" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/timeline-events-leading-to-american-revolution-104296" data-ordinal="2" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:61.2%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/HYY-rB9jkFx6h0J7kByCEO0pGI8=/250x1355/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/the-boston-tea-party--1773-1158765022-e1031c9ae2e945bfa7fdd03fb4ebd5de.jpg" width="250" height="1355" alt="The Boston Tea Party, 1773" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.633" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/HYY-rB9jkFx6h0J7kByCEO0pGI8=/250x1355/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/the-boston-tea-party--1773-1158765022-e1031c9ae2e945bfa7fdd03fb4ebd5de.jpg" width="250" height="1355" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="The Boston Tea Party, 1773" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Major Events That Led to the American Revolution</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_3-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_3-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="4123832" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-evolution-of-american-isolationism-4123832" data-ordinal="3" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.4%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/pDnYO_VdSv-gEF4-raqo8mQnEEM=/250x996/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1126510790-6fe2320eb3454e66a9e88eac51e863d6.jpg" width="250" height="996" alt="Anti-Isolationism poster ‘sorry we're closed’ sign wrapped in barbwire on top of the American flag." class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.506" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/pDnYO_VdSv-gEF4-raqo8mQnEEM=/250x996/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1126510790-6fe2320eb3454e66a9e88eac51e863d6.jpg" width="250" height="996" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Anti-Isolationism poster ‘sorry we're closed’ sign wrapped in barbwire on top of the American flag." /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">The Evolution of American Isolationism</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_4-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_4-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="104299" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/american-history-timeline-1651-1675-104299" data-ordinal="4" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:67.0%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/1YOw_bWJZ1vHVY8uPLeGUGb5p0M=/250x2448/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/us-charter-2664750-b8433f01169145ff85a1400534fd8048.jpg" width="250" height="2448" alt="William Penn receives a charter from King Charles II." class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.492" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/1YOw_bWJZ1vHVY8uPLeGUGb5p0M=/250x2448/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/us-charter-2664750-b8433f01169145ff85a1400534fd8048.jpg" width="250" height="2448" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="William Penn receives a charter from King Charles II." /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">American History Timeline: 1651–1675</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_5-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_5-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="104301" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/american-history-timeline-1783-1800-104301" data-ordinal="5" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:65.9%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/bTrSypJfIzGsFMlGR1xME9lLlDY=/250x2496/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/WashingtonInauguration-56fbf21b5f9b5829868defba.jpg" width="250" height="2496" alt="The inauguration of George Washington." class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.516" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/bTrSypJfIzGsFMlGR1xME9lLlDY=/250x2496/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/WashingtonInauguration-56fbf21b5f9b5829868defba.jpg" width="250" height="2496" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="The inauguration of George Washington." /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">American History Timeline: 1783-1800</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_6-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_6-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="104300" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/american-history-timeline-1701-1725-104300" data-ordinal="6" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.9%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/r3XjGgrgeYyVgI2M07px4ZNV9Z4=/250x1080/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/1613px-Colonial_Williamsburg_ladies-d341875f039840c3b46798202103b04e.jpg" width="250" height="1080" alt="Reenactors in Colonial Williamsburg" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.494" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/r3XjGgrgeYyVgI2M07px4ZNV9Z4=/250x1080/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/1613px-Colonial_Williamsburg_ladies-d341875f039840c3b46798202103b04e.jpg" width="250" height="1080" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Reenactors in Colonial Williamsburg" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">American History Timeline - 1701 - 1725</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_7-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_7-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="104298" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/american-history-timeline-1626-1650-104298" data-ordinal="7" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/9lsBZUr0rTpdgIWQvzDLTvU0xXs=/250x2104/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/51246976_10-569ff8ac5f9b58eba4ae32d0-5c42549246e0fb00010bc90d.jpg" width="250" height="2104" alt="Painting - Peter Minuit purchases Manhattan Island from Man-a-hat-a Indigenous people" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.5" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/9lsBZUr0rTpdgIWQvzDLTvU0xXs=/250x2104/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/51246976_10-569ff8ac5f9b58eba4ae32d0-5c42549246e0fb00010bc90d.jpg" width="250" height="2104" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Painting - Peter Minuit purchases Manhattan Island from Man-a-hat-a Indigenous people" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">American History Timeline: 1626-1650</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_8-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_8-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="1774036" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/timeline-from-1820-to-1830-1774036" data-ordinal="8" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:67.7%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/IJn5U4VEAT-18tCG28SgMDH8vxg=/250x2033/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Andrew-Jackson-seated-clr-3000-3x2-56a489d75f9b58b7d0d770fc.jpg" width="250" height="2033" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.476" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/IJn5U4VEAT-18tCG28SgMDH8vxg=/250x2033/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Andrew-Jackson-seated-clr-3000-3x2-56a489d75f9b58b7d0d770fc.jpg" width="250" height="2033" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">American History Timeline: 1820-1829</span></div> </div> </a></li></ul> <div id="reference-outbrain_2-0" class="comp reference-outbrain mntl-outbrain"> <div class="OUTBRAIN js-outbrain-widget" data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132" data-widget-id="AR_2"></div> </div> <ul id="mntl-masonry-tax-card-list_2-0" class="comp mntl-masonry-tax-card-list mntl-masonry-card-list mntl-masonry-list mntl-block masonry-list"><li id="masonry-list__item_9-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_9-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="104295" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/american-history-timeline-1726-1750-104295" data-ordinal="1" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/l3736p3sKpJIWKUuOscDXAq3-RI=/250x2576/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/independence-hall-506636953-5ad10612a18d9e00367f3977.jpg" width="250" height="2576" alt="Independence Hall in Philadelphia, which began construction in 1732 and opened in 1753" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.5" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/l3736p3sKpJIWKUuOscDXAq3-RI=/250x2576/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/independence-hall-506636953-5ad10612a18d9e00367f3977.jpg" width="250" height="2576" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Independence Hall in Philadelphia, which began construction in 1732 and opened in 1753" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">American History Timeline: 1726 to 1750</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_10-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_10-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="4161075" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/timeline-1800s-4161075" data-ordinal="2" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.3%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/aDp2IpWLve_L2aOEWCBgtxWXAZs=/250x1410/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/jefferson-memorial-in-gray-brick-circular-room-172142973-5aea8c883418c60037d674e1.jpg" width="250" height="1410" alt="Jefferson Memorial in gray brick circular room" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.508" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/aDp2IpWLve_L2aOEWCBgtxWXAZs=/250x1410/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/jefferson-memorial-in-gray-brick-circular-room-172142973-5aea8c883418c60037d674e1.jpg" width="250" height="1410" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Jefferson Memorial in gray brick circular room" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Decade by Decade Timeline of the 1800s</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_11-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_11-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="4845968" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/iran-hostage-crisis-4845968" data-ordinal="3" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:71.5%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/dzV-e4wvBJSlpuTcUpt4P8w2YLc=/250x2911/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-515125702-86d31fc7c6b84dd395a60497cfa14594.jpg" width="250" height="2911" alt="American hostages being paraded by their militant Iranian captors." class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.398" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/dzV-e4wvBJSlpuTcUpt4P8w2YLc=/250x2911/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-515125702-86d31fc7c6b84dd395a60497cfa14594.jpg" width="250" height="2911" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="American hostages being paraded by their militant Iranian captors." /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Iran Hostage Crisis: Events, Causes, and Aftermath</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_12-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_12-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="4076980" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/american-history-timeline-1675-1700-4076980" data-ordinal="4" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:75.9%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/YiE5kvn1lx21vkoAQA3lMNIHQGA=/250x2714/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/witch-trial-51246069-587cb27e9fcc484e8149c47d8d8a6c5f.jpg" width="250" height="2714" alt="Witch Trial" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.317" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/YiE5kvn1lx21vkoAQA3lMNIHQGA=/250x2714/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/witch-trial-51246069-587cb27e9fcc484e8149c47d8d8a6c5f.jpg" width="250" height="2714" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Witch Trial" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">American History Timeline 1675–1700</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_13-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_13-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="4707877" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/platt-amendment-4707877" data-ordinal="5" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/zqU7aWtO5zi4x9vB1WJiexYyRS4=/250x683/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-5293084171-8b531c798d974bdb8266806cc05a9ecf.jpg" width="250" height="683" alt="Spanish-American war lithograph" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.499" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/zqU7aWtO5zi4x9vB1WJiexYyRS4=/250x683/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-5293084171-8b531c798d974bdb8266806cc05a9ecf.jpg" width="250" height="683" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Spanish-American war lithograph" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">The Platt Amendment and US-Cuba Relations</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_14-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_14-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="4797408" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/whiskey-rebellion-4797408" data-ordinal="6" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:67.1%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/rGYXi2tVmoPDSGpq6gnqTZLwW9w=/250x2013/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-96745364-86a4a21adfcb4dff9795d02f992bc56f.jpg" width="250" height="2013" alt="A tax collector tarred and feathered during the Whiskey Rebellion." class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.49" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/rGYXi2tVmoPDSGpq6gnqTZLwW9w=/250x2013/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-96745364-86a4a21adfcb4dff9795d02f992bc56f.jpg" width="250" height="2013" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="A tax collector tarred and feathered during the Whiskey Rebellion." /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">The 1794 Whiskey Rebellion: History and Significance</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_15-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_15-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="1774037" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/timeline-from-1830-to-1840-1774037" data-ordinal="7" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:67.7%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Ks94LXGmuVNcD4cnxyZHQZAlOsE=/250x2032/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Abolitionist-pamphlets-burned-3000-3x2gty-56a48a263df78cf77282df42-56fa8d8cddfd488ca787d4f2e9ee0c5e.jpg" width="250" height="2032" alt="A mob breaking into a post office to burn abolitionist pamphlets in Charleston, South Carolina" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.476" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Ks94LXGmuVNcD4cnxyZHQZAlOsE=/250x2032/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Abolitionist-pamphlets-burned-3000-3x2gty-56a48a263df78cf77282df42-56fa8d8cddfd488ca787d4f2e9ee0c5e.jpg" width="250" height="2032" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="A mob breaking into a post office to burn abolitionist pamphlets in Charleston, South Carolina" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">World History Timeline From 1830 to 1840</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_16-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_16-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="104856" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/timeline-of-the-reconstruction-era-104856" data-ordinal="8" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:79.0%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/h-skF-QZn8WZHo6pd1RWj8c7Scg=/250x809/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Johnson_inauguration-87d6969931f44c2e89de88e8c9c4f6ca.jpg" width="250" height="809" alt="Andrew Johnson taking the oath of office in the small parlor of the Kirkwood House" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.266" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/h-skF-QZn8WZHo6pd1RWj8c7Scg=/250x809/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Johnson_inauguration-87d6969931f44c2e89de88e8c9c4f6ca.jpg" width="250" height="809" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Andrew Johnson taking the oath of office in the small parlor of the Kirkwood House" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Key Events"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Timeline of the Reconstruction Era</span></div> </div> </a></li></ul> <div id="leaderboard2-deferred-footer_1-0" class="comp leaderboard2-deferred-footer mm-ads-leaderboardfooter-flex-2-lazy mm-ads-flexible-leaderboard-lazy mm-ads-flexible-leaderboard mm-ads-flexible-ad mm-ads-gpt-adunit js-lazy-ad has-right-label leaderboard gpt leaderboard dynamic"> <div id="leaderboardfooter-flex-2" class="wrapper" data-type="leaderboard" data-pos="atf" data-priority="1" data-sizes="[[728, 90], [970, 250], "fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></section></div> </main><footer id="footer_1-0" class="comp footer mntl-footer" role="contentinfo" data-tracking-container="true"> <div class="mntl-footer__inner"> <div class="mntl-footer__primary"> <div class="mntl-footer__logo"> <a href="/" rel="home nocaes" id="mntl-logo_1-0" aria-label="Visit the homepage" > <div class="is-screenreader-only">ThoughtCo</div> <svg class="icon icon-logo " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-logo" href="#icon-logo"></use> </svg></a> </div> <div class="mntl-footer__social"> <div id="mntl-footer-social_1-0" class="comp mntl-footer-social reference-social-nav mntl-social-nav" data-tracking-container="true"> <h2 class="social-nav__title">Follow Us</h2> <ul class="social-nav__list"> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--facebook"> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/thoughtcodotcom" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--facebook" aria-label="Visit ThoughtCo's Facebook" > <svg class="icon icon-facebook social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-facebook" href="#icon-facebook"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--flipboard"> <a href="https://flipboard.com/@thoughtco?utm_source=thoughtco&utm_medium=follow&utm_campaign=tools" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--flipboard" aria-label="Visit ThoughtCo's Flipboard" > <svg class="icon icon-flipboard social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-flipboard" href="#icon-flipboard"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mntl-footer__secondary"> <nav id="mntl-footer-nav_1-0" class="comp mntl-footer-nav mntl-block" aria-label="Footer"><ul id="mntl-block_1-0" class="comp mntl-block mntl-footer-nav__list"><li id="mntl-footer-nav__list-item_1-0" class="comp mntl-footer-nav__list-item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/sciences-math-4132465" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_1-0" class="mntl-text-link type--squirrel-link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Science, Tech, Math</span></a></li> <li id="mntl-footer-nav__list-item_2-0" class="comp mntl-footer-nav__list-item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/humanities-4133358" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_2-0" class="mntl-text-link type--squirrel-link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Humanities</span></a></li> <li id="mntl-footer-nav__list-item_3-0" class="comp mntl-footer-nav__list-item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/languages-4133094" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_3-0" class="mntl-text-link type--squirrel-link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Languages</span></a></li> <li id="mntl-footer-nav__list-item_4-0" class="comp mntl-footer-nav__list-item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/resources-4132590" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_4-0" class="mntl-text-link type--squirrel-link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Resources</span></a></li></ul></nav><ul id="mntl-footer-links_1-0" class="comp mntl-footer-links footer-links"> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item "> <a href="/about-us-4779650" rel="nocaes" data-type="ourStory" data-ordinal="1" class="mntl-footer-links__link type--rabbit-link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" > About Us </a> </li> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item "> <a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com/advertising" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" data-type="advertise" data-ordinal="1" class="mntl-footer-links__link type--rabbit-link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" > Advertise </a> </li> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item "> <a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com/careers" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" data-type="careersAtDotDashMeredith" data-ordinal="1" class="mntl-footer-links__link type--rabbit-link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" > Careers </a> </li> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item "> <a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com/brands-privacy" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" data-type="privacyPolicy" data-ordinal="1" class="mntl-footer-links__link type--rabbit-link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" > Privacy Policy </a> </li> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item "> <a href="/about-us-4779650#toc-editorial-guidelines" rel="nocaes" data-type="editorialGuidelines" data-ordinal="1" class="mntl-footer-links__link type--rabbit-link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" > Editorial Guidelines </a> </li> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item "> <a href="/about-us-4779650#toc-contact-us" rel="nocaes" data-type="contact" data-ordinal="1" class="mntl-footer-links__link type--rabbit-link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" > Contact </a> </li> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item "> <a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com/brands-termsofservice" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" data-type="termsOfService" data-ordinal="1" class="mntl-footer-links__link type--rabbit-link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" > Terms of Service </a> </li> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item mntl-truste-badge-wrapper"> <div class="loc truste-badge"><div id="mntl-universal-truste-badge_1-0" class="comp mntl-universal-truste-badge mntl-block"><a href="//privacy.truste.com/privacy-seal/validation?rid=e166d0ee-e663-4ad0-9384-f5bd78093a89" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" id="mntl-universal-truste-badge_1-0-link" class="mntl-truste-badge-link" data-tracking-container="true" > <img class="mntl-truste-badge-image lazyload" alt="Access TRUSTe's Enterprise Privacy Certification program" data-src="//privacy-policy.truste.com/privacy-seal/seal?rid=e166d0ee-e663-4ad0-9384-f5bd78093a89" width="100" height="32" /> </a></div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="loc footer-bottom"><div id="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav_1-0" class="comp mntl-dotdash-universal-nav mntl-carbon-dotdash-universal-nav" data-tracking-container="true"> <div class="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__content"> <svg class="icon mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__logo " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__logo" href="#mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__logo"></use> </svg> <div class="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__text"> ThoughtCo is part of the <a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" class="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__text--link" >Dotdash Meredith</a> publishing family. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></footer><svg class="is-hidden"> <defs> <symbol id="mntl-sc-block-starrating-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"> <path d="M0,0v20h20V0H0z M14.2,12.2l1.1,6.3l-5.4-3.2l-5.1,3.2l1-6.3L1.4,8l5.9-0.8l2.6-5.8l2.7,5.8L18.5,8L14.2,12.2z"/> </svg> </symbol> </defs> </svg><script type="text/javascript" data-glb-js="bottom" src="/static/4.18.0/cache/eNqNVFFyqzAMvFA9HKK_vYQwApQIK7XlJunpnzBJHqXEzQxjW2K1yFqJJiko-WaCoIzNzWJqU3Ow5zNjvL41P0H2IisxKWFybSZWdyYd3VP0ZAf3BYGYwSUfhXmL8jKdJGDQ1FBQjAG46bDHOMeXQ8TuEWS-E8PVQe5IKlQ-xb4sT3JbQY-geFnWCgr63i5uIMcUji7iOZIuSRpqwujxGabCipflxvS9xJTa_3L-J5AuMxYQw7dVoatwn6kb0PYgSj15Q0lwLYSwZE14M16gGJGGUd9HCAN-UFKcOfacD64VycDSmqYjQlei5m0P10ucDD3TALuEEP24MffCAnzRUC7X9JnZmgwxOPNuzHULFXnYcq414wRD6eGB-j0B5l6GM1x_vVtxtJAKRc94oZaxLlhHwDLctqL8C9Ik8TTXZ4RYPrW2XwhXEVY63ffaAGQdJbp7wGHrqYQmjdlrtjl2XmzGg96qa-LYtHzMfdTK5R2i5IS8p_I9X0-6NPLi2NrbJDZ_tWTG8dqSpppq6TPfi-kdiz-6xVO5oWRtI1B4HP5I5JDTPJSlIJynkCrcEyQJ8Vr69YfxD16-NuU.min.js" async defer="true"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> Mntl.utilities.scriptsOnLoad(document.querySelectorAll('script[data-glb-js="bottom"]'), function() { var Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.affiliateLinkRewriter.setMappings( { DOC_ID: '4164132' ,SITE: 'thoughtco' ,REQUEST_ID: 'n1fa27fd103664fa7afdb0e9e8cb958ac22' } );window.Mntl.externalizeLinks.addPlugin(window.Mntl.affiliateLinkRewriter); window.Mntl.externalizeLinks.addPlugin(window.Mntl.amazonAffiliateTagger); window.Mntl.externalizeLinks.init();(function() { var article = document.getElementById('ref-article_1-0'); if (article && !article.gtmPageView) { article.gtmPageView = {"country":"HK","title":"Key Stages of the American Industrial Revolution" || document.title || '',"authorId":"7762","contentGroup":"Other","revenueGroup":"","documentId":4164132,"authorNames":"Martin Kelly","templateName":"LISTSC","viewType":"","templateId":"115","muid":"7199d9a9-8e06-4dd1-928a-f0db14ad2977","lastEditingAuthorId":"156569","lastEditingUserId":"151378030080892","fullUrl":"https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-stages-american-industrial-revolution-4164132" + location.hash,"experienceType":"single page","entryType":"direct","excludeFromComscore":false,"internalSessionId":"n1fa27fd103664fa7afdb0e9e8cb958ac22","internalRequestId":"n1fa27fd103664fa7afdb0e9e8cb958ac22","hid":"","experienceTypeName":"","recircDocIdsFooter":"","euTrafficFlag":false,"isGoogleBot":false,"mantleVersion":"4.0.737","commerceVersion":"","primaryTaxonomyIds":"4122478|4133358|4133356|4133354|4133352","primaryTaxonomyNames":"ThoughtCo|Humanities|History & Culture|American History|Key Events","description":"Learn about the American Industrial Revolution and how it transformed the nation in the 1800s, setting the stage for US dominance in the 20th century."}; } }()); (function(Mntl) { Mntl.Tooltip.init({ defaultPositionX: "auto", defaultPositionY: "auto" }); })(window.Mntl || {}); (function(Mntl) { Mntl.Tooltip.init({ defaultPositionX: "auto", defaultPositionY: "auto" }); })(window.Mntl || {}); (function(utils) { utils.readyOrDeferred(() => { const masonryInstance = document.getElementById('mntl-masonry-tax-card-list_1-0'); if (masonryInstance.dataset.noJs) return; Mntl.MasonryList.init(masonryInstance, {autoResize: false, stretch: '.card__img, .card--no-image .card__content'}); }); })(window.Mntl.utilities || {});(function(utils) { utils.readyOrDeferred(() => { const masonryInstance = document.getElementById('mntl-masonry-tax-card-list_2-0'); if (masonryInstance.dataset.noJs) return; Mntl.MasonryList.init(masonryInstance, {autoResize: false, stretch: '.card__img, .card--no-image .card__content'}); }); })(window.Mntl.utilities || {});}); </script></body> </html>