CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Records management - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"d7f7be10-e425-4c50-898e-65bdb2359938","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Records_management","wgTitle":"Records management","wgCurRevisionId":1247934997,"wgRevisionId":1247934997,"wgArticleId":1362816,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: location missing publisher","All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022","Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with limited geographic scope from March 2016","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015", "Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009","Records management","Content management systems","Public records"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Records_management","wgRelevantArticleId":1362816,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q517656","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Records management - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Records_management"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Records_management"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Records_management rootpage-Records_management skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Records+management" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Records+management" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Records+management" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Records+management" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Concepts_of_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concepts_of_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Concepts of record</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concepts_of_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Key_records_management_terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_records_management_terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Key records management terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key_records_management_terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Records_management_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Records_management_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Records management theory</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Records_management_theory-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Records management theory subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Records_management_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Records_life-cycle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Records_life-cycle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Records life-cycle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Records_life-cycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Records_continuum_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Records_continuum_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Records continuum theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Records_continuum_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Records_management_practices_and_concepts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Records_management_practices_and_concepts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Records management practices and concepts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Records_management_practices_and_concepts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Records management practices and concepts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Records_management_practices_and_concepts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defensible_solutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defensible_solutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Defensible solutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defensible_solutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enterprise_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enterprise_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Enterprise records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enterprise_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Industry records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_hold_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_hold_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Legal hold records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_hold_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Records_retention_schedule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Records_retention_schedule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Records retention schedule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Records_retention_schedule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Managing_physical_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Managing_physical_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Managing physical records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Managing_physical_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Managing_digital_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Managing_digital_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Managing digital records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Managing_digital_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Current issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_certification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_certification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education and certification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_certification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronic_records_management_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_records_management_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Electronic records management systems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electronic_records_management_systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electronic records management systems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electronic_records_management_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commercial_records_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_records_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Commercial records centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_records_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Records management</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="إدارة السجلات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إدارة السجلات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesti%C3%B3_documental" title="Gestió documental – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gestió documental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spisov%C3%A1_slu%C5%BEba" title="Spisová služba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spisová služba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokumentstyring" title="Dokumentstyring – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dokumentstyring" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schriftgutverwaltung" title="Schriftgutverwaltung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schriftgutverwaltung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokumendihaldus" title="Dokumendihaldus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dokumendihaldus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesti%C3%B3n_documental" title="Gestión documental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gestión documental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مدیریت مستندات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدیریت مستندات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Records_management" title="Records management – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Records management" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%A1%9D_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC" title="기록 관리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기록 관리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kearsipan" title="Kearsipan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kearsipan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukuphathwa_kweziqoshwa" title="Ukuphathwa kweziqoshwa – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukuphathwa kweziqoshwa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengurusan_rekod" title="Pengurusan rekod – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengurusan rekod" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Records_management" title="Records management – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Records management" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%B2%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="記録管理 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="記録管理" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokumenth%C3%A5ndtering" title="Dokumenthåndtering – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dokumenthåndtering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Records_management" title="Records management – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Records management" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Управление записями – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Управление записями" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiakirjahallinta" title="Asiakirjahallinta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Asiakirjahallinta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokumenthantering" title="Dokumenthantering – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dokumenthantering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belge_y%C3%B6netimi" title="Belge yönetimi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Belge yönetimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="记录管理 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="记录管理" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q517656#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Records_management" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Records_management" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Records_management"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Records_management"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Records_management" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Records_management" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&oldid=1247934997" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Records_management&id=1247934997&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRecords_management"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRecords_management"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Records_management&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q517656" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Management of the information and records of an organization</div> <p><b>Records management</b>, also known as <b>records and information management</b>, is an organizational function devoted to the <a href="/wiki/Information_management" title="Information management">management of information</a> in an organization throughout its <a href="/wiki/Records_life-cycle" title="Records life-cycle">life cycle</a>, from the time of creation or receipt to its eventual disposition. This includes identifying, classifying, storing, securing, retrieving, tracking and destroying or permanently preserving records.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> <a href="/wiki/ISO_15489_Information_and_documentation_--_Records_management" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 15489 Information and documentation -- Records management">15489-1: 2001</a> standard (<a href="/wiki/ISO_15489_Information_and_documentation_--_Records_management" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 15489 Information and documentation -- Records management">"ISO 15489-1:2001"</a>) defines <i>records management</i> as "[the] field of management responsible for the efficient and systematic control of the creation, receipt, maintenance, use and disposition of records, including the processes for capturing and maintaining <a href="/wiki/Evidence" title="Evidence">evidence</a> of and <a href="/wiki/Information" title="Information">information</a> about <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">business</a> activities and transactions in the form of records".<sup id="cite_ref-ISO15489_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO15489-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An organization's records preserve aspects of institutional memory. In determining how long to retain records, their capacity for re-use is important. Many are kept as evidence of activities, transactions, and decisions. Others document what happened and why.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of records management is part of an organization's broader function of <a href="/wiki/Governance,_risk_management,_and_compliance" title="Governance, risk management, and compliance">governance, risk management, and compliance</a> and is primarily concerned with managing the evidence of an organization's activities as well as the reduction or mitigation of risk associated with it.<sup id="cite_ref-GRC_Tarantino_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRC_Tarantino-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent research shows linkages between records management and accountability in governance.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concepts_of_record">Concepts of record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Concepts of record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of <b>record</b> is variously defined. The <a href="/wiki/ISO_15489_Information_and_documentation_--_Records_management" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 15489 Information and documentation -- Records management">ISO 15489-1:2016</a> defines <i>records</i> as "information created, received, and maintained as evidence and as an asset by an <a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">organization</a> or <a href="/wiki/Person" title="Person">person</a>, in pursuit of legal obligations or in the transaction of business".<sup id="cite_ref-ISO15489_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO15489-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there are many purposes of and benefits to records management, as this definition highlights, a key feature of records is their ability to serve as evidence of an event. Proper records management can help preserve this feature of records. </p><p>Recent and comprehensive studies have defined records as "persistent representations of activities" as recorded or created by participants or observers.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This transactional view emphasizes the importance of context and process in the determination and meaning of records. In contrast, previous definitions have emphasized the evidential and informational properties of records.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In organizational contexts, records are materials created or received by an organization in the transaction of business, or in pursuit of or in compliance with legal obligations.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This organizational definition of record stems from the early theorization of archives as organic aggregations of records, that is "the written documents, drawings and printed matter, officially received or produced by an administrative body or one of its officials".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key_records_management_terminology">Key records management terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Key records management terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Records_management" title="Talk:Records management">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Not all documents are records. A <i>record</i> is a document consciously retained as evidence of an action. Records management systems generally distinguish between records and non-records (convenience copies, rough drafts, duplicates), which do not need formal management. Many systems, especially for electronic records, require documents to be formally <i>declared as a record</i> so they can be managed. Once declared, a record cannot be changed and can only be disposed of within the rules of the system. </p><p>Records may be covered by <i>access controls</i> to regulate who can access them and under what circumstances. Physical controls may be used to keep confidential records secure – personnel files, for instance, which hold sensitive personal data, may be held in a locked cabinet with a control log to track access. Digital records systems may include role-based access controls, allowing permissions (to view, change and/or delete) to be allocated to staff depending on their role in the organization. An <i>audit trail</i> showing all access and changes can be maintained to ensure the integrity of the records. </p><p>Just as the records of the organization come in a variety of formats, the storage of records can vary throughout the organization. File maintenance may be carried out by the owner, designee, a records repository, or clerk. Records may be managed in a centralized location, such as a records center or repository, or the control of records may be decentralized across various departments and locations within the entity. Records may be formally and discretely identified by coding and housed in folders specifically designed for optimum protection and storage capacity, or they may be casually identified and filed with no apparent indexing. Organizations that manage records casually find it difficult to access and retrieve information when needed. The inefficiency of filing maintenance and storage systems can prove to be costly in terms of wasted space and resources expended searching for records. </p><p>An <i>inactive record</i> is a record that is no longer needed to conduct current business but is being preserved until it meets the end of its <a href="/wiki/Retention_period" title="Retention period">retention period</a>, such as when a project ends, a product line is retired, or the end of a fiscal reporting period is reached. These records may hold business, legal, fiscal, or historical value for the entity in the future and, therefore, are required to be maintained for a short or permanent duration. Records are managed according to the retention schedule. Once the life of a record has been satisfied according to its predetermined period and there are no legal holds pending, it is authorized for final disposition, which may include destruction, transfer, or permanent preservation. </p><p>A <i><a href="/wiki/Disaster_recovery_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Disaster recovery plan">disaster recovery plan</a></i> is a written and approved course of action to take after a disaster strikes that details how an organization will restore critical business functions and reclaim damaged or threatened records. </p><p>An <i>active record</i> is a record needed to perform current operations, subject to frequent use, and usually located near the user. In the past, 'records management' was sometimes used to refer only to the management of records which were no longer in everyday use but still needed to be kept – "semi-current" or "inactive" records, often stored in basements or offsite. More modern usage tends to refer to the entire "<a href="/wiki/Records_life-cycle" title="Records life-cycle">lifecycle</a>" of records – from the point of creation right through until their eventual disposal. </p><p>The format and media of records is generally irrelevant for the purposes of records management from the perspective that records must be identified and managed, regardless of their form. The ISO considers management of both physical and electronic records.<sup id="cite_ref-ISO15489_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO15489-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, section DL1.105 of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> standard <a href="/wiki/Design_Criteria_Standard_for_Electronic_Records_Management_Software_Applications" title="Design Criteria Standard for Electronic Records Management Software Applications">DoD 5015.02-STD</a> (2007) defines Records Management as "the planning, controlling, directing, organizing, training, promoting, and other managerial activities involving the life cycle of information, including creation, maintenance (use, storage, retrieval), and disposal, regardless of media".<sup id="cite_ref-DODStd5015.2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DODStd5015.2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Records_management_theory">Records management theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Records management theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Records_life-cycle">Records life-cycle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Records life-cycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Records_life-cycle" title="Records life-cycle">Records life-cycle</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Records_life-cycle" title="Records life-cycle">records life-cycle</a> consists of discrete phases covering the life span of a record from its creation to its final disposition. In the creation phase, records growth is expounded by modern electronic systems. Records will continue to be created and captured by the organization at an explosive rate as it conducts the business of the organization. Correspondence regarding a product failure is written for internal leadership, financial statements and reports are generated for public and regulatory scrutiny, the old corporate logo is retired, and a new one – including color scheme and approved corporate font – takes its place in the organization's history. </p><p>Examples of records phases include those for <i>creation</i> of a record, <i>modification</i> of a record, <i>movement</i> of a record through its different states while in existence, and <i>destruction</i> of a record. </p><p>Throughout the records life cycle, issues such as security, privacy, disaster recovery, emerging technologies, and mergers are addressed by the records and information management professional responsible for organizational programs. Records and information management professionals are instrumental in controlling and safeguarding the information assets of the entity. They understand how to manage the creation, access, distribution, storage, and disposition of records and information in an efficient and cost-effective manner using records and information management methodology, principles, and best practices in compliance with records and information laws and regulations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Records_continuum_theory">Records continuum theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Records continuum theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Records_Continuum_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Records Continuum Model">Records Continuum Model</a></div> <p>The records continuum theory is an abstract conceptual model that helps to understand and explore recordkeeping activities in relation to multiple contexts over space and time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Records_management_practices_and_concepts">Records management practices and concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Records management practices and concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A records manager is someone who is responsible for records management in an organization.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Section 4 of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_15489_Information_and_documentation_--_Records_management" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 15489 Information and documentation -- Records management">ISO 15489-1:2001</a> states that records management includes:<sup id="cite_ref-ISO15489_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO15489-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>setting policies and standards</li> <li>assigning responsibilities and authorities</li> <li>establishing and promulgating procedures and <a href="/wiki/Guideline" title="Guideline">guidelines</a></li> <li>providing a range of services relating to the management and use of records</li> <li>designing, implementing and <a href="/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">administering</a> specialized systems for managing records</li> <li>integrating records management into business systems and processes</li></ul> <p>Thus, the practice of records management may involve: </p> <ul><li>planning the information needs of an organization</li> <li>identifying information requiring capture</li> <li>creating, approving, and enforcing policies and practices regarding records, including their organization and disposal</li> <li>developing a records storage plan, which includes the short and long-term housing of physical records and <a href="/wiki/Digital_data" title="Digital data">digital</a> information</li> <li>identifying, classifying, and storing records</li> <li>coordinating access to records internally and outside of the organization, balancing the requirements of business confidentiality, <a href="/wiki/Information_privacy" title="Information privacy">data privacy</a>, and public access.</li> <li>identification and maintenance of records per a specified <a href="/wiki/Retention_period" title="Retention period">retention period</a></li> <li>executing a retention policy on the disposal of records which are no longer required for operational reasons; according to organizational policies, statutory requirements, and other regulations this may involve either their destruction or permanent preservation in an <a href="/wiki/Archive" title="Archive">archive</a>.</li></ul> <p>Records-management principles and automated records-management systems aid in the capture, classification, and ongoing management of records throughout their lifecycle. ARMA International defines records management as "the field of management responsible for establishing and implementing policies, systems, and procedures to capture, create, access, distribute, use, store, secure, retrieve, and ensure disposition of an organization's records and information". Such a system may be paper-based (such as <a href="/wiki/Index_card" title="Index card">index</a> cards as used in a <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">library</a>), or may involve a computer system, such as an electronic records-management application.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defensible_solutions">Defensible solutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Defensible solutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>defensible solution</i> is one that can be supported with clearly documented policies, processes and procedures that drive how and why work is performed, as well as one that has clearly documented proof of behavior patterns, proving that an organization follows such documented constraints to the best of their ability.<sup id="cite_ref-Defensible_Solutions_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Defensible_Solutions-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While <i>defensibility</i> applies to all aspects of records life cycle, it is considered most important in the context of records destruction, where it is known as "<i>defensible disposition</i>" or "<i>defensible destruction</i>", and helps an organization explicitly justify and prove things like who destroys records, why they destroy them, how they destroy them, when they destroy them, and where they destroy them.<sup id="cite_ref-Defensible_Disposition_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Defensible_Disposition-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classification">Classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Records managers use classification or categorization of record types to logically organize records created and maintained by an institution.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such classifications assist in functions such as creation, organization, storage, retrieval, movement, and destruction of records. </p><p>At the highest level of classification are physical versus electronic records. (This is disputable; records are defined as such regardless of media. ISO 15489 and other best practices promulgate a functions based, rather than media based classification, because the law defines records as certain kinds of information regardless of media.) </p><p><b>Physical records</b> are those records, such as paper, that can be touched and which take up physical space. </p><p><b>Electronic records</b>, also often referred to as <b>digital records</b>, are those records that are generated with and used by <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> devices. </p><p>Classification of records is achieved through the design, maintenance, and application of <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomy (general)">taxonomies</a>, which allow records managers to perform functions such as the categorization, tagging, segmenting, or grouping of records according to various traits.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Enterprise_records">Enterprise records</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Enterprise records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Enterprise records</i> represent those records that are common to most enterprises, regardless of their function, purpose, or sector. Such records often revolve around the day-to-day operations of an enterprise and cover areas such as but not limited litigation, employee management, consultant or contractor management, customer engagements, purchases, sales, and contracts. </p><p>The types of enterprises that produce and work with such records include but are not limited to for-profit companies, non-profit companies, and government agencies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Industry_records">Industry records</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Industry records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Industry records</i> represent those records that are common and apply only to a specific industry or set of industries. Examples include but are not limited to medical industry records (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act" title="Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act">Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act</a>), pharmaceutical industry records, and food industry records. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legal_hold_records">Legal hold records</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legal hold records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Legal_hold" title="Legal hold">Legal hold</a></i> records are those records that are mandated, usually by legal counsel or compliance personnel, to be held for a period of time, either by a government or by an enterprise, and for the purposes of addressing potential issues associated with compliance audits and litigation. Such records are assigned <i>Legal Hold</i> traits that are in addition to classifications which are as a result of enterprise or <a href="/wiki/Industry_classification" title="Industry classification">industry classifications</a>. </p><p>Legal hold data traits may include but are not limited to things such as legal hold flags (e.g. Legal Hold = True or False), the organization driving the legal hold, descriptions of why records must be legally held, what period of time records must be held for, and the hold location. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Records_retention_schedule">Records retention schedule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Records retention schedule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A records <a href="/wiki/Retention_schedule" title="Retention schedule">retention schedule</a> is a document, often developed using <a href="/wiki/Archival_appraisal" title="Archival appraisal">archival appraisal</a> concepts and analysis of business and legal contexts within the intended jurisdictions, that outlines how long certain types of records need to be retained for before they can be destroyed. For the retention schedule to be utilized a number of guidelines need to be put in place so as to be considered for implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Managing_physical_records">Managing physical records</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Managing physical records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Managing physical records involves different disciplines or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/capability" class="extiw" title="wikt:capability">capabilities</a> and may draw on a variety of forms of expertise. </p> <dl><dt>Identifying records</dt> <dd>If an item is presented as a legal record, it needs to be authenticated. Forensic experts may need to examine a document or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/artifact" class="extiw" title="wikt:artifact">artifact</a> to determine that it is not a <a href="/wiki/Forgery" title="Forgery">forgery</a>, and that any damage, alteration, or missing content is documented. In extreme cases, items may be subjected to a <a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">microscope</a>, <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">x-ray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">radiocarbon dating</a> or chemical analysis. This level of authentication is rare but requires that special care be taken in the creation and retention of the records of an organization.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Storing records</dt> <dd>Records must be stored in such a way that they are accessible and safeguarded against environmental damage. A typical paper document may be stored in a filing cabinet in an office. However, some organisations employ file rooms with specialized environmental controls including <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">humidity</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vital_record" title="Vital record">Vital records</a> may need to be stored in a disaster-resistant safe or vault to protect against fire, flood, earthquakes and conflict. In extreme cases, the item may require both <a href="/wiki/Disaster" title="Disaster">disaster</a>-proofing and public access, such as the original, signed <a href="/wiki/US_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="US Constitution">US Constitution</a>. Civil engineers may need to be consulted to determine that the file room can effectively withstand the weight of shelves and <a href="/wiki/File_cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="File cabinet">file cabinets</a> filled with paper; historically, some <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> vessels were designed to take into account the weight of their operating procedures on paper as part of their <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ballast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailing ballast">ballast</a> <a href="/wiki/Equation" title="Equation">equation</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (modern record-keeping technologies have transferred much of that information to electronic storage). In addition to on-site storage of records, many organizations operate their own <a href="/w/index.php?title=Off-site_records_center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Off-site records center (page does not exist)">off-site records centers</a> or contract with commercial records centres.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Retrieval of records</dt> <dd>In addition to being able to store records, enterprises must also establish the proper capabilities for retrieval of records, in the event they are needed for a purpose such as an audit or litigation, or for the case of destruction. Record retrieval capabilities become complex when dealing with electronic records, especially when they have not been adequately tagged or classified for discovery.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Circulating records</dt> <dd>Tracking the record while it is away from the normal storage area is referred to as circulation. Often this is handled by simple written recording procedures. However, many modern records environments use a computerized system involving <a href="/wiki/Bar_code_scanner" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar code scanner">bar code scanners</a>, or radio-frequency identification technology (<a href="/wiki/RFID" class="mw-redirect" title="RFID">RFID</a>) to track the movement of the records. These can also be used for periodic auditing to identify the unauthorized movement of the record.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Disposal of records</dt> <dd>Disposal of records does not always mean <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/destroy" class="extiw" title="wikt:destroy">destruction</a>. It can also include transfer to a historical archive, <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museum</a>, or private individual. The large volumes of paper records and the inaccessibility of active paper records are some of the reasons that drive organizations to dispose or destroy records. Destruction of records ought to be authorized by law, statute, regulation, or operating procedure, and the records should be disposed of with care to avoid inadvertent disclosure of information. The process needs to be well-documented, starting with a records retention schedule and policies and procedures that have been approved at the highest level. An inventory of the records disposed of should be maintained, including certification that they have been destroyed. Records should never simply be discarded as refuse. Most organizations use processes including pulverization, <a href="/wiki/Paper_shredding" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper shredding">paper shredding</a> or incineration.</dd></dl> <p>Commercially available products can manage records through all processes active, inactive, archival, retention scheduling and disposal. Some also utilize RFID technology for the tracking of physical file. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Managing_digital_records">Managing digital records</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Managing digital records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The general principles of records management apply to records in any format. Digital records, however, raise specific issues. It is more difficult to ensure that the content, context and structure of records is preserved and protected when the records do not have a physical existence. This has important implications for the authenticity, reliability, and trustworthiness of records. </p><p>Much research is being conducted on the management of digital records. The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724092026/http://www.interpares.org/welcome.cfm">International Research on Permanent Authentic Records in Electronic Systems (InterPARES) Project</a> is one example of such an initiative. Based at the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Library,_Archival_and_Information_Studies_(University_of_British_Columbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Library, Archival and Information Studies (University of British Columbia)">School of Library, Archival and Information Studies</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a>, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, the InterPARES Project is a collaborative project between researchers all across the world committed to developing theories and methodologies to ensure the reliability, accuracy, and authenticity of digital records. </p><p>Functional requirements for computer systems to manage digital records have been produced by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">US Department of Defense</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DODStd5015.2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DODStd5015.2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The United Kingdom's National Archives</a> and the European Commission,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose <a href="/wiki/MoReq2" title="MoReq2">MoReq</a> (<a href="/wiki/MoReq2" title="MoReq2">Model Requirements for the Management of Electronic Records</a>) specification has been translated into at least twelve languages funded by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. </p><p>Particular concerns exist about the ability to access and read digital records over time, since the rapid pace of change in technology can make the software used to create the records obsolete, leaving the records unreadable. A considerable amount of research is being undertaken to address this, under the heading of <a href="/wiki/Digital_preservation" title="Digital preservation">digital preservation</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Public_Record_Office_Victoria_(PROV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Record Office Victoria (PROV)">Public Record Office Victoria (PROV)</a> located in Melbourne, Australia published the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Electronic_Records_Strategy_(VERS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victorian Electronic Records Strategy (VERS)">Victorian Electronic Records Strategy (VERS)</a> which includes a standard for the preservation, long-term storage and access to permanent electronic records. The VERS standard has been adopted by all Victorian Government departments. A digital archive has been established by PROV to enable the general public to access permanent records. Archives New Zealand is also setting up a digital archive. </p> <dl><dt>Electronic tax records</dt></dl> <p>Electronic Tax Records are computer-based/non-paper versions of records required by tax agencies like the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a>. There is substantial confusion about what constitutes acceptable digital records for the <a href="/wiki/IRS" class="mw-redirect" title="IRS">IRS</a>, as the concept is relatively new. The subject is discussed in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p583.pdf">Publication 583</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb97-13.pdf">Bulletin 1997-13</a>, but not in specific detail. </p><p>Businesses and individuals wishing to convert their paper records into scanned copies may be at risk if they do so. For example, it is unclear if an <a href="/wiki/IRS" class="mw-redirect" title="IRS">IRS</a> auditor would accept a <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a> format scanned copy of a purchase receipt for a deducted expense item. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_issues">Current issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Current issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Compliance and legal issues</dt></dl> <p>While public administration, healthcare and the legal profession have a long history of records management, the corporate sector has generally shown less interest. This has changed in recent years due to new compliance requirements, driven in part by scandals such as the <a href="/wiki/Enron_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Enron Corporation">Enron</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Andersen" title="Arthur Andersen">Andersen</a> affair and more recent problems at <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a>. Corporate records compliance issues including <a href="/wiki/Retention_period" title="Retention period">retention period</a> requirements and the need to disclose information as a result of litigation have come to be seen as important. Statutes such as the US <a href="/wiki/Sarbanes%E2%80%93Oxley_Act" title="Sarbanes–Oxley Act">Sarbanes–Oxley Act</a> have resulted in greater standardization of records management practices. Since the 1990s the shift towards electronic records has seen a need for close working relations between records managers and IT managers, particularly including the legal aspects, focused on compliance and risk management. </p> <dl><dt>Security</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Privacy" title="Privacy">Privacy</a>, data protection, and <a href="/wiki/Identity_theft" title="Identity theft">identity theft</a> have become issues of increasing interest. The role of the records manager in the protection of an organization's records has grown as a result. The need to ensure personal information is not retained unnecessarily has brought greater focus to retention schedules and records disposal. </p> <dl><dt>Transparency</dt></dl> <p>The increased importance of transparency and accountability in public administration, marked by the widespread adoption of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of information laws">freedom of information laws</a>, has led to a focus on the need to manage records so that they can be easily accessed by the public. For instance, in the United Kingdom, Section 46 of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 required the government to publish a Code of Practice on Records Management for public authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, European Union legislation on Data Protection and Environmental Information, requiring organisations to disclose information on request, create a need for effective management of such records. </p> <dl><dt>Adoption and implementation</dt></dl> <p>Implementing required changes to organisational culture is a major challenge, since records management is often seen as an unnecessary or low priority administrative task that can be performed at the lowest levels within an organization. Reputational damage caused by poor records management has demonstrated that records management is the responsibility of all individuals within an organization. </p><p>An issue that has been very controversial among records managers has been the uncritical adoption of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_document_and_records_management_system" title="Electronic document and records management system">electronic document and records management systems</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Impact of internet and social media</dt></dl> <p>Another issue of great interest to records managers is the impact of the internet and related social media, such as <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wikis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discussion_forum" class="mw-redirect" title="Discussion forum">forums</a>, and companies such as <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, on traditional records management practices, principles, and concepts, since many of these tools allow rapid creation and dissemination of records and, often, even in anonymous form. </p> <dl><dt>Records life cycle management</dt></dl> <p>A difficult challenge for many enterprises is tied to the tracking of records through their entire <a href="/wiki/Information_Lifecycle_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Lifecycle Management">information life cycle</a> so that it's clear, at all times, where a record exists or if it still exists at all. The tracking of records through their life cycles allows records management staff to understand when and how to apply records related rules, such as rules for legal hold or destruction. </p> <dl><dt>Conversion of paper records to electronic form</dt></dl> <p>As the world becomes more digital in nature, an ever-growing issue for the records management community is the conversion of existing or incoming paper records to electronic form. Such conversions are most often performed with the intent of saving storage costs, storage space, and in hopes of reducing records retrieval time. </p><p>Tools such as <a href="/wiki/Image_scanner" title="Image scanner">document scanners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optical_character_recognition" title="Optical character recognition">optical character recognition</a> software, and <a href="/wiki/Document_management_system" title="Document management system">electronic document management systems</a> are used to facilitate such conversions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_certification">Education and certification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education and certification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many colleges and universities offer degree programs in library and information sciences which cover records management. Furthermore, there are professional organizations which provide a separate, non-degreed, professional certification for practitioners, the Certified Records Manager designation or CRM. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electronic_records_management_systems">Electronic records management systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Electronic records management systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Document_and_Records_Management_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Document and Records Management System">Electronic Document and Records Management System</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">computer program</a> or set of programs used to track and store records. The term is distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Document_imaging" title="Document imaging">imaging</a> and <a href="/wiki/Document_management_system" title="Document management system">document management systems</a> that specialize in paper capture and document management respectively. Electronic records management Systems commonly provide specialized security and auditing functionality tailored to the needs of records managers. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a> (NARA) has endorsed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> standard 5015.2 as an "adequate and appropriate basis for addressing the basic challenges of managing records in the automated environment that increasingly characterizes the creation and use of records".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Records Management Vendors can be certified as compliant with the DoD 5015.2-STD after verification from the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Interoperability_Test_Command" title="Joint Interoperability Test Command">Joint Interoperability Test Command</a> which builds test case procedures, writes detailed and summary final reports on 5015.2-certified products, and performs on-site inspection of software.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="The National Archives (UK)">The National Archives</a> in the UK has published two sets of functional requirements to promote the development of the electronic records management software market (1999 and 2002).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It ran a program to evaluate products against the 2002 requirements. While these requirements were initially formulated in collaboration with central government, they have been taken up with enthusiasm by many parts of the wider public sector in the UK and in other parts of the world. The testing program has now closed; The National Archives is no longer accepting applications for testing. The National Archives 2002 requirements remain current. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> has published "<a href="/wiki/MoReq2" title="MoReq2">MoReq</a>", the Model Requirements for Electronic Records and Document Management in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although not a formal standard, it is widely regarded and referred to as a standard.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was funded by the Commission's IDA program, and was developed at the instigation of the <a href="/wiki/DLM_Forum" title="DLM Forum">DLM Forum</a>. A major update of MoReq, known as MoReq2, was published in February 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This too was initiated by the DLM Forum and funded by the European Commission, on this occasion by its IDABC program (the successor to IDA).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A software testing framework and an XML schema accompany MoReq2; a software compliance testing regime was agreed at the DLM Forum conference in Toulouse in December 2008. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Australia" title="National Archives of Australia">National Archives of Australia</a> (NAA) published the Functional Specifications for Electronic Records Management Systems Software (ERMS), and the associated Guidelines for Implementing the Functional Specifications for Electronic Records Management Systems Software, as exposure drafts in February 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Archives_New_Zealand" title="Archives New Zealand">Archives New Zealand</a> published a 'discretionary best practice' Electronic Recordkeeping Systems Standard (Standard 5) in June 2005, issued under the authority of Section 27 of the Public Records Act 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_records_centers">Commercial records centers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Commercial records centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commercial records centers are facilities which provide services for the storage for paper records for organizations. In some cases, they also offer storage for records maintained in electronic formats. Commercial records centers provide high density storage for paper records and some offer climate controlled storage for sensitive non-paper and critical (vital) paper media. There is a trade organization for commercial records centers (for example, PRISM International), however, not all service providers are members. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate memory">Corporate memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIRKS" title="DIRKS">Design and implementation of record keeping systems</a> (<a href="/wiki/DIRKS" title="DIRKS">DIRKS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Criteria_Standard_for_Electronic_Records_Management_Software_Applications" title="Design Criteria Standard for Electronic Records Management Software Applications">Design Criteria Standard for Electronic Records Management Software Applications (DoD 5015.2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_imaging" title="Document imaging">Document imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Document management">Document management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_content_management" title="Enterprise content management">Enterprise content management</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enterprise_content_management" title="Enterprise content management">ECM</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Content_management" title="Content management">Content management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_and_Records_Management_Society" title="Information and Records Management Society">Information and Records Management Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine-Readable_Documents" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine-Readable Documents">Machine-Readable Documents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperless_office" title="Paperless office">Paperless office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picture_archiving_and_communication_system" title="Picture archiving and communication system">Picture archiving and communication system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Records_life-cycle" title="Records life-cycle">Records life cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Records_management_taxonomy" title="Records management taxonomy">Records management taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Records_manager" title="Records manager">Records manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Relational database management system">Relational database management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retention_schedule" title="Retention schedule">Retention schedule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="The National Archives (UK)">United Kingdom National Archives, The</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">United States National Archives and Records Administration</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFARMA_International" class="citation web cs1">ARMA International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928023837/https://archive.arma.org/standards/glossaryw2/index.cfm?id_term=373">"Glossary of Records and Information Management Terms, 3rd Edition"</a>. ARMA International. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.arma.org/standards/glossaryw2/index.cfm?id_term=373">the original</a> on 2013-09-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+Records+and+Information+Management+Terms%2C+3rd+Edition&rft.pub=ARMA+International&rft.au=ARMA+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.arma.org%2Fstandards%2Fglossaryw2%2Findex.cfm%3Fid_term%3D373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISO15489-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ISO15489_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISO15489_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISO15489_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISO15489_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Organization_for_Standardization_–_ISO2001" class="citation web cs1">International Organization for Standardization – ISO (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=31908">"ISO 15489-1:2001 – Information and Documentation – Records Management – Part 1: General"</a>. International Organization for Standardization – ISO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140402205215/http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=31908">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-04-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO+15489-1%3A2001+%E2%80%93+Information+and+Documentation+%E2%80%93+Records+Management+%E2%80%93+Part+1%3A+General&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization+%E2%80%93+ISO&rft.date=2001&rft.au=International+Organization+for+Standardization+%E2%80%93+ISO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fcatalogue_detail%3Fcsnumber%3D31908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMegill2005" class="citation book cs1">Megill, Kenneth (2005). <i>Corporate Memory: Records and Information Management in the Knowledge Age</i> (2nd ed.). Munich: K.G. Saur/Thomson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corporate+Memory%3A+Records+and+Information+Management+in+the+Knowledge+Age&rft.place=Munich&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=K.G.+Saur%2FThomson&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Megill&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRC_Tarantino-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRC_Tarantino_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Tarantino2008" class="citation book cs1">Anthony Tarantino (2008-02-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3aUyqPxYw10C"><i>Governance, Risk, and Compliance to the Handbook</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-09589-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-09589-8"><bdi>978-0-470-09589-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governance%2C+Risk%2C+and+Compliance+to+the+Handbook&rft.date=2008-02-25&rft.isbn=978-0-470-09589-8&rft.au=Anthony+Tarantino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3aUyqPxYw10C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David, R. (2017). Contribution of records management to audit opinions and accountability in government. South African Journal of Information Management, 19(1), 1-14.<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.4102/sajim.v19i1.771">https://doi.org/10.4102/sajim.v19i1.771</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="yeo2007" class="citation journal cs1">Yeo, Geoffrey (2007). "Concepts of Record (1): Evidence, Information, and Persistent Representations". <i>American Archivist</i>. <b>70</b> (2): 315–343. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17723%2Faarc.70.2.u327764v1036756q">10.17723/aarc.70.2.u327764v1036756q</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Archivist&rft.atitle=Concepts+of+Record+%281%29%3A+Evidence%2C+Information%2C+and+Persistent+Representations&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=315-343&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17723%2Faarc.70.2.u327764v1036756q&rft.aulast=Yeo&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchellenberg1956" class="citation journal cs1">Schellenberg, T. R. (October 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/archives-resources/appraisal-of-records.html">"The Appraisal of Modern Records"</a>. <i>Bulletins of the National Archives</i> (8). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161124094248/https://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/archives-resources/appraisal-of-records.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-11-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletins+of+the+National+Archives&rft.atitle=The+Appraisal+of+Modern+Records&rft.issue=8&rft.date=1956-10&rft.aulast=Schellenberg&rft.aufirst=T.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fresearch%2Falic%2Freference%2Farchives-resources%2Fappraisal-of-records.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927121231/https://archive.arma.org/standards/glossaryw2/index.cfm?id_term=369">"Glossary of Records and Information Management Terms, 3rd Edition"</a>. ARMA International. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.arma.org/standards/glossaryw2/index.cfm?id_term=369">the original</a> on September 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+Records+and+Information+Management+Terms%2C+3rd+Edition&rft.pub=ARMA+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.arma.org%2Fstandards%2Fglossaryw2%2Findex.cfm%3Fid_term%3D369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearce-Moses" class="citation web cs1">Pearce-Moses, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.archivists.org/glossary/terms/r/record">"Record"</a>. <i>Glossary of Archival and Records Terminology</i>. Society of American Archivists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161124094018/http://www2.archivists.org/glossary/terms/r/record">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Glossary+of+Archival+and+Records+Terminology&rft.atitle=Record&rft.aulast=Pearce-Moses&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.archivists.org%2Fglossary%2Fterms%2Fr%2Frecord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullerFeithFruin1968" class="citation book cs1">Muller, S.; Feith, J. A.; Fruin, R (1968). Arthur H. Leavitt (ed.). <i>Manual for the Arrangement and Description of Archives (1898)</i> (2nd ed.). New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+for+the+Arrangement+and+Description+of+Archives+%281898%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Feith%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Fruin%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1997" class="citation journal cs1">Cook, Terry (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archivaria.ca/index.php/archivaria/article/view/12175/13184">"What Is Past Is Prologue: A History of Archival Ideas Since 1898, and the Future Paradigm Shift"</a>. <i>Archivaria</i>. <b>43</b>: 17–63. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161124094926/http://archivaria.ca/index.php/archivaria/article/view/12175/13184">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archivaria&rft.atitle=What+Is+Past+Is+Prologue%3A+A+History+of+Archival+Ideas+Since+1898%2C+and+the+Future+Paradigm+Shift&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=17-63&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchivaria.ca%2Findex.php%2Farchivaria%2Farticle%2Fview%2F12175%2F13184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DODStd5015.2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DODStd5015.2_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DODStd5015.2_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssistant_Secretary_of_Defence_for_Networks_and_Information_Integration,_Department_of_Defence_Chief_Information_Officer2007" class="citation web cs1">Assistant Secretary of Defence for Networks and Information Integration, Department of Defence Chief Information Officer (April 25, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130222000753/https://jitc.fhu.disa.mil/cgi/rma/downloads/p50152stdapr07.pdf">"United States Department of Defense Standard 5015.02 (DoD Std 5012.02), Electronic Records Management Software Applications Design Criteria Standard"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Department of Defense – US DOD. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jitc.fhu.disa.mil/cgi/rma/downloads/p50152stdapr07.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-02-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Department+of+Defense+Standard+5015.02+%28DoD+Std+5012.02%29%2C+Electronic+Records+Management+Software+Applications+Design+Criteria+Standard&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense+%E2%80%93+US+DOD&rft.date=2007-04-25&rft.au=Assistant+Secretary+of+Defence+for+Networks+and+Information+Integration%2C+Department+of+Defence+Chief+Information+Officer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjitc.fhu.disa.mil%2Fcgi%2Frma%2Fdownloads%2Fp50152stdapr07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arma.org/page/Records_And_Information_Management">"Records & Information Management (RIM) - ARMA International"</a>. <i>www.arma.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.arma.org&rft.atitle=Records+%26+Information+Management+%28RIM%29+-+ARMA+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arma.org%2Fpage%2FRecords_And_Information_Management&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Defensible_Solutions-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Defensible_Solutions_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHale,_Judith2011" class="citation book cs1">Hale, Judith (December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118027248.html"><i>Performance-Based Certification: How to Design a Valid, Defensible, Cost-Effective Program</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-02724-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-02724-0"><bdi>978-1-118-02724-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927151031/http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118027248.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Performance-Based+Certification%3A+How+to+Design+a+Valid%2C+Defensible%2C+Cost-Effective+Program&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2011-12&rft.isbn=978-1-118-02724-0&rft.au=Hale%2C+Judith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiley.com%2FWileyCDA%2FWileyTitle%2FproductCd-1118027248.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Defensible_Disposition-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Defensible_Disposition_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHulme,_Tony2012" class="citation journal cs1">Hulme, Tony (June 2012). "Information Governance: Sharing the IBM approach". <i>Business Information Review</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 99–104. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0266382112449221">10.1177/0266382112449221</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154276859">154276859</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Information+Review&rft.atitle=Information+Governance%3A+Sharing+the+IBM+approach&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=99-104&rft.date=2012-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0266382112449221&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154276859%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Hulme%2C+Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaravaca2017" class="citation journal cs1">Caravaca, Maria Mata (May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117070318/https://www.jlis.it/article/view/12374">"Elements and Relationships within a records classification scheme"</a>. <i>JLIS.it</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 19–33. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jlis.it/article/view/12374">the original</a> on 2021-01-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JLIS.it&rft.atitle=Elements+and+Relationships+within+a+records+classification+scheme&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=19-33&rft.date=2017-05&rft.aulast=Caravaca&rft.aufirst=Maria+Mata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jlis.it%2Farticle%2Fview%2F12374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeremy_C._MaxwellAnnie_I._AntónPeter_SwireMaria_Riaz2012" class="citation journal cs1">Jeremy C. Maxwell; Annie I. Antón; Peter Swire; Maria Riaz; Christopher M. McCraw (June 2012). "A legal cross-references taxonomy for reasoning about compliance requirements". <i>Requirements Engineering</i>. <b>17</b> (2): 99–115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00766-012-0152-5">10.1007/s00766-012-0152-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15603509">15603509</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Requirements+Engineering&rft.atitle=A+legal+cross-references+taxonomy+for+reasoning+about+compliance+requirements&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=99-115&rft.date=2012-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00766-012-0152-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15603509%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Jeremy+C.+Maxwell&rft.au=Annie+I.+Ant%C3%B3n&rft.au=Peter+Swire&rft.au=Maria+Riaz&rft.au=Christopher+M.+McCraw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/SPA_2008_Guidelines_Developing-a-retention-schedule_EN.pdf">https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/SPA_2008_Guidelines_Developing-a-retention-schedule_EN.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Commission2011" class="citation book cs1">European Commission (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/modular-requirements-for-records-systems-pbKAAF11S01/"><i>MoReq2010, modular requirements for records systems, Core services & plug-in modules, version 1.1, Volume 1</i></a>. European Commission. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2792%2F2045">10.2792/2045</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-79-18519-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-79-18519-9"><bdi>978-92-79-18519-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MoReq2010%2C+modular+requirements+for+records+systems%2C+Core+services+%26+plug-in+modules%2C+version+1.1%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2792%2F2045&rft.isbn=978-92-79-18519-9&rft.au=European+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbookshop.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fmodular-requirements-for-records-systems-pbKAAF11S01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/manage-information/planning/records-management-code/">"Records management code"</a>. <i>The National Archives</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160202091457/http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/manage-information/planning/records-management-code/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-02-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Archives&rft.atitle=Records+management+code&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Finformation-management%2Fmanage-information%2Fplanning%2Frecords-management-code%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.archives.gov/records_management/policy_and_guidance/automated_recordkeeping_requirements.html">https://www.archives.gov/records_management/policy_and_guidance/automated_recordkeeping_requirements.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050409004941/http://www.archives.gov/records_management/policy_and_guidance/automated_recordkeeping_requirements.html">Archived</a> April 9, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://jitc.fhu.disa.mil/recmgt/register.html">http://jitc.fhu.disa.mil/recmgt/register.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050316041126/http://jitc.fhu.disa.mil/recmgt/register.html">Archived</a> March 16, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/electronicrecords/function.htm">http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/electronicrecords/function.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060213220355/http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/electronicrecords/function.htm">Archived</a> February 13, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/2303/5644">http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/2303/5644</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071225134626/http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/2303/5644">Archived</a> December 25, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210091218/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3937/is_200303/ai_n9184315/pg_5?tag=artBody;col1">"MoReq: The standard of the future? | Information Management Journal | Find Articles at BNET"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3937/is_200303/ai_n9184315/pg_5?tag=artBody;col1">the original</a> on 2009-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MoReq%3A+The+standard+of+the+future%3F+%26%23124%3B+Information+Management+Journal+%26%23124%3B+Find+Articles+at+BNET&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_qa3937%2Fis_200303%2Fai_n9184315%2Fpg_5%3Ftag%3DartBody%3Bcol1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.eneclann.ie/Records_Management/legislation_standards.html">http://www.eneclann.ie/Records_Management/legislation_standards.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205003226/http://www.eneclann.ie/Records_Management/legislation_standards.html">Archived</a> February 5, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thesocietyofqualifiedarchivists.blogspot.com/2005/03/hidden-hand-of-malvine-project.html">"The Society of Qualified Archivists: The Hidden Hand of the Malvine Project"</a>. <i>thesocietyofqualifiedarchivists.blogspot.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090717034353/http://thesocietyofqualifiedarchivists.blogspot.com/2005/03/hidden-hand-of-malvine-project.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thesocietyofqualifiedarchivists.blogspot.com&rft.atitle=The+Society+of+Qualified+Archivists%3A+The+Hidden+Hand+of+the+Malvine+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthesocietyofqualifiedarchivists.blogspot.com%2F2005%2F03%2Fhidden-hand-of-malvine-project.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eimagazine.com/xq/asp/sid.0/articleid.FFE698DA-7E67-4C87-AC3C-2DB84445C8A6/qx/display.htm">Negotiating the RM standards maze</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071111232458/http://www.eimagazine.com/xq/asp/sid.0/articleid.FFE698DA-7E67-4C87-AC3C-2DB84445C8A6/qx/display.htm">Archived</a> November 11, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210070331/http://inventarisoss.smals.be/fr/71-RCH.html">"MoReq"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inventarisoss.smals.be/fr/71-RCH.html">the original</a> on 2009-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MoReq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finventarisoss.smals.be%2Ffr%2F71-RCH.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span> (in French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moreq2.eu">"Home - MoReq2"</a>. <i>www.moreq2.eu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719023306/http://www.moreq2.eu/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.moreq2.eu&rft.atitle=Home+-+MoReq2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moreq2.eu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080302062813/http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/chapter/3">"IDABC - the Programme"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/chapter/3">the original</a> on 2008-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IDABC+-+the+Programme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fidabc%2Fen%2Fchapter%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Archives_of_Australia" class="citation web cs1">National Archives of Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naa.gov.au/records-management/agency/digital/EDRMS/index.aspx">"Electronic document and records management system (EDRMS)"</a>. National Archives of Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006152408/http://naa.gov.au/records-management/agency/digital/EDRMS/index.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-10-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electronic+document+and+records+management+system+%28EDRMS%29&rft.pub=National+Archives+of+Australia&rft.au=National+Archives+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naa.gov.au%2Frecords-management%2Fagency%2Fdigital%2FEDRMS%2Findex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecords+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gpacts.knowledge-basket.co.nz/gpacts/public/text/2005/an/040.html"><i>Public Records Act 2005</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081018075416/http://gpacts.knowledge-basket.co.nz/gpacts/public/text/2005/an/040.html">Archived</a> 2008-10-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Records_management&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arma.org/r2/generally-accepted-br-recordkeeping-principles">ARMA's generally accepted recordkeeping principles</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lists.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=RECMGMT-L">Records Management Listserv</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Management" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Management" title="Template:Management"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Management" title="Template talk:Management"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Management" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Management"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Management" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Management</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_management" title="Outline of management">Outline of management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_management_articles" title="Index of management articles">Index of management articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">By type<br />of organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_administration" title="Academic administration">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_management" title="Association management">Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">Business</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Restaurant_management" title="Restaurant management">Restaurant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Court management">Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_administration" title="Health administration">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_cycle_management" title="Intelligence cycle management">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_administration" title="Military administration">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reputation_management" title="Reputation management">Reputation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">By focus,<br />within an<br />organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On scope</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">Strategic</a><br />(top-level)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capability_management" title="Capability management">Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_management" title="Capital management">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_management" title="Change management">Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_management" title="Communications management">Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_management" title="Financial management">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_management" title="Innovation management">Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_legal_management" title="Enterprise legal management">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Performance management">Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_management" title="Systems management">Systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On component</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facility_management" title="Facility management">Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_management" title="Product management">Product</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Product_lifecycle" title="Product lifecycle">Product lifecycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_management" title="Brand management">Brand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">Project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Construction_management" title="Construction management">Construction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_management" title="Program management">Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On activity or<br />department<br />managed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Line_management" title="Line management">Line</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_management" title="Marketing management">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_management" title="Operations management">Operations</a>/<a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_process_management" title="Manufacturing process management">production</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Process_management_(computing)" title="Process management (computing)">Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_management" title="Quality management">Quality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sales_management" title="Sales management">Sales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Staff_management" title="Staff management">Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accounting_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Accounting management">Accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_management" title="Office management">Office</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On aspect or<br />relationship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customer_relationship_management" title="Customer relationship management">Customer relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_management" title="Engineering management">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perception_management" title="Perception management">Perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_management" title="Supply chain management">Supply chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_management" title="Talent management">Talent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On problem</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_management" title="Conflict management">Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_management" title="Crisis management">Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_management" title="Stress management">Stress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Resource_management" title="Resource management">On resource</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_resource_management" title="Environmental resource management">Environmental resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_inventory_management" title="Field inventory management">Field inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_resource_management" title="Human resource management">Human resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_management" title="Information management">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_management" title="Information technology management">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_management" title="Knowledge management">Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_management" title="Land management">Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materials_management" title="Materials management">Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skills_management" title="Skills management">Skills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_management" title="Technology management">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_management" title="Time management">Time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">Positions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interim_management" title="Interim management">Interim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_management" title="Middle management">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_management" title="Senior management">Senior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">Methods,<br />approaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhocracy" title="Adhocracy">Adhocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_method" title="Collaborative method">Collaborative method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_management" title="Distributed management">Distributed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earned_value_management" title="Earned value management">Earned value management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_management" title="Evidence-based management">Evidence-based management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_range_leadership_model" title="Full range leadership model">Full range leadership model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_by_objectives" title="Management by objectives">Management by objectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_style" title="Management style">Management style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macromanagement" title="Macromanagement">Macromanagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micromanagement" title="Micromanagement">Micromanagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_management" title="Scientific management">Scientific management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship" title="Social entrepreneurship">Social entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_management" title="Sustainable management">Sustainable management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_building" title="Team building">Team building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_management" title="Virtual management">Virtual management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">Skills,<br />activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decision-making" title="Decision-making">Decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forecasting" title="Forecasting">Forecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">Leadership</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">Pioneers,<br />scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Drucker" title="Peter Drucker">Peter Drucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_M._Goldratt" title="Eliyahu M. Goldratt">Eliyahu M. Goldratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson" title="Oliver E. Williamson">Oliver E. Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Technology,_Management,_and_Applied_Engineering" title="Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering">Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_school" title="Business school">Business school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certified_Business_Manager" title="Certified Business Manager">Certified Business Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Management_Institute" title="Chartered Management Institute">Chartered Management Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_management_studies" title="Critical management studies">Critical management studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">Degrees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Business_Administration" title="Bachelor of Business Administration">Bachelor of Business Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">Master of Business Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PhD_in_management" title="PhD in management">PhD in management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Business_Administration" title="Doctor of Business Administration">Doctor of Business Administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration" title="Collaboration">Collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_governance" title="Corporate governance">Corporate governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_compensation" title="Executive compensation">Executive compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_consulting" title="Management consulting">Management consulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_(management)" title="Control (management)">Management control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_cybernetics" title="Management cybernetics">Management cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_development" title="Management development">Management development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_fad" title="Management fad">Management fad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_system" title="Management system">Management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_economics" title="Managerial economics">Managerial economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_psychology" title="Managerial psychology">Managerial psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerialism" title="Managerialism">Managerialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_development" title="Organization development">Organization development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_behavior_management" title="Organizational behavior management">Organizational behavior management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointy-haired_Boss" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointy-haired Boss">Pointy-haired Boss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Systems_science" title="Portal:Systems science">Systems science portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517656#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85111941">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="spisová služba"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph137902&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000090125&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565765605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Records_management&oldid=1247934997">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Records_management&oldid=1247934997</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Records_management" title="Category:Records management">Records management</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Content_management_systems" title="Category:Content management systems">Content management systems</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Public_records" title="Category:Public records">Public records</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_March_2022" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022">Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_PDF_format_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations">Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_limited_geographic_scope_from_March_2016" title="Category:Articles with limited geographic scope from March 2016">Articles with limited geographic scope from March 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2009" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 September 2024, at 20:20<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Records_management&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-mlxnj","wgBackendResponseTime":153,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.795","walltime":"0.946","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2598,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":104008,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2836,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":108371,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 820.409 1 -total"," 41.93% 344.017 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.76% 186.765 13 Template:Cite_web"," 17.28% 141.748 4 Template:Navbox"," 16.73% 137.285 1 Template:Management"," 13.80% 113.230 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.44% 77.457 1 Template:Globalize"," 8.61% 70.634 1 Template:Ambox"," 8.29% 68.025 2 Template:Pagetype"," 6.39% 52.388 1 Template:Authority_control"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.516","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6289855,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-9bpbq","timestamp":"20241122141340","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Records management","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Records_management","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q517656","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q517656","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-01-04T22:06:28Z","dateModified":"2024-09-26T20:20:51Z","headline":"practice or discipline of controlling and governing what are considered to be the most important records of an organization throughout the records life-cycle"}</script> </body> </html>