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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trente_et_quarante" title="Trente et quarante – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trente et quarante" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trente_et_quarante" title="Trente et quarante – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Trente et quarante" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%9E%91%ED%85%8C%EC%B9%B4%EB%9E%91%ED%8A%B8" title="트랑테카랑트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트랑테카랑트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trente_et_quarante" title="Trente et quarante – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trente et quarante" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trente_et_Quarante" title="Trente et Quarante – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Trente et Quarante" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%82%A8%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="トラントエカラント – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トラントエカラント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">17th-century gambling card game of French origin</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 1945 French film, see <a href="/wiki/Trente_et_Quarante_(film)" title="Trente et Quarante (film)">Trente et Quarante (film)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoyles_Games_Modernized_464.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hoyles_Games_Modernized_464.jpg/220px-Hoyles_Games_Modernized_464.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hoyles_Games_Modernized_464.jpg/330px-Hoyles_Games_Modernized_464.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hoyles_Games_Modernized_464.jpg/440px-Hoyles_Games_Modernized_464.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1423" data-file-height="936" /></a><figcaption>Table layout for Trente et Quarante</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Trente et Quarante</b> (<b>Thirty and Forty</b>), also called <b>Rouge et Noir</b> (<b>Red and Black</b>), is a 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Gambling" title="Gambling">gambling</a> <a href="/wiki/Card_game" title="Card game">card game</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> origin played with cards and a special table.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is rarely found in US casinos,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but still very popular in <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continental European</a> <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casinos</a>, especially in France, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>. It is a simple game that usually gives the players a very good expected return of more than 98%.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trente_et_Quarante&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trente et Quarante is recorded as early as 1694 in a French dictionary that simply says it is a "type of card game".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the mid-18th century it had reached England, Lyonell Vane recording that he played it alongside <a href="/wiki/Quadrille_(card_game)" title="Quadrille (card game)">Quadrille</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basset_(card_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basset (card game)">Basset</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its rules are recorded in an English Hoyle in 1796.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The game also reached Germany and was played in 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Holstein" title="Holstein">Holstein</a> in northern Germany under the <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a> dialect name of <b>Dör den Hund</b> ("Through the Dog"), because, having been introduced by French migrants, many inexperienced players "went to the dogs" i.e. were ruined by playing it.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules">Rules</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trente_et_Quarante&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two <a href="/wiki/Croupier" title="Croupier">croupiers</a> sit on each side of the table, one of them being the <a href="/wiki/Poker_dealer" title="Poker dealer">dealer</a>; behind the two on the side opposite to the dealer a supervisor of the game has his seat. Six packs of <a href="/wiki/Playing_cards#Anglo-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Playing cards">fifty-two cards</a> each are used; these are well <a href="/wiki/Shuffling" title="Shuffling">shuffled</a>, and the croupier asks any of the players to cut, handing him a blank card with which to divide the mixed packs. The game consists of the dealer dealing two rows of cards face up, the first (upper) row called noir and the second (lower) row called rouge. There are only four bets in trente et quarante: rouge and noir, known as the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">grand tableau</i></span>, and couleur and inverse, known as the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">petit tableau</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rouge and noir bets are concerned with which row wins, and the couleur and inverse bets with whether the first card in the winning row is the same (couleur) or opposite (inverse) to the color of the row. </p><p>Aces are worth one point, court cards ten, and pip cards their face value.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A tie is a stand-off, and on a 31-point tie, players may double or quit on the next coup or immediately lose half their stake.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The winning total will range between 30 and 40 card points, which is from where the name of the game derives.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Winning_row">Winning row</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trente_et_Quarante&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Winning row"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cards for each row are dealt until its total exceeds thirty (trente). The row whose total is closest to thirty is the winning row. If, for example, the cards dealt in the first row were 8, 7, K, and 9 and those in the second row were A, 2, J, Q, and 10 the noir total would be 34 and the rouge total would be 33, so that rouge would win. If the color of the first card in the rouge row also were red (in this example an ace of diamonds or hearts), the couleur bet also would win and the dealer will announce "Rouge gagne et la couleur." However, if the first card dealt were black (an ace of clubs or spades), the dealer announces "Rouge gagne et la couleur perd." Indeed the dealer always announces, in French, the winning or losing of rouge and colour, as follows: </p> <ul><li><i>Rouge gagne et la couleur</i> (Rouge and Colour win);</li> <li><i>Rouge gagne et la couleur perd</i> (Rouge and Inverse win);</li> <li><i>Rouge perd et la couleur gagne</i> (Noir and Colour win);</li> <li><i>Rouge perd et la couleur</i> (Noir and Inverse win).</li></ul> <p>It frequently happens that both rows of cards when added together give the same number. Should they both, for instance, add up to thirty-three, the dealer will announce "Trois après," and the deal goes for nothing except in the event of their adding up to thirty-one.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refait">Refait</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trente_et_Quarante&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Refait"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Un apres</i> (i.e. thirty-one) is known as a <i>refait</i>; the stakes are put in prison to be left for the decision of the next deal, or if the player prefers it he can withdraw half his stake, leaving the other half for the bank. Assurance against a <i>refait</i> can be made by paying 1% on the value of the stake with a minimum of five francs. When thus insured against a <i>refait</i> the player is at liberty to withdraw his whole stake. It has been calculated that on an average a <i>refait</i> occurs once in thirty-eight coups.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Refaits</i> are the source of the sole <a href="/wiki/House_advantage" class="mw-redirect" title="House advantage">house advantage</a> in the game. </p><p>After each deal the cards are pushed into a metal <a href="/wiki/Bowl_(vessel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowl (vessel)">bowl</a> let into the table in front of the dealer. When he has not enough left to complete the two rows, he remarks "Les cartes passent" (The cards pass); they are taken from the bowl, reshuffled, and another deal begins.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trente_et_Quarante&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFParlett2008" class="citation book cs1">Parlett, David (2008). <i>The Penguin Book of Card Games</i>. London: Penguin Books. p. 604.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+Book+of+Card+Games&rft.place=London&rft.pages=604&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Parlett&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrente+et+Quarante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold L. Vogel, Travel industry economics: a guide for financial analysis pg. 206 Cambridge University Press (2001) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-78163-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-78163-9">0-521-78163-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Norman Thompson <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gamblinginameric0000thom_l2c0/page/379"><i>Gambling in America: an encyclopedia of history, issues, and society</i></a> pg. 379 ABC-CLIO (2001) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-159-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-159-6">1-57607-159-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le Dictionnaire de L'Académie Françoise</i> (1694), p. 600.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vane (1754), pp. 34–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones (1796), pp. 285–288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lehman & Handelmann (1858), p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schütze (1801), p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chisholm (1911), p. 251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gayle Mitchell <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cORn7zB6i3IC&dq=Trente+et+Quarante++game&pg=PA213"><i>Easy Casino Gambling: Winning Strategies for the Beginner</i></a> pg. 213 Skyhorse Publishing (2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-60239-011-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-60239-011-8">1-60239-011-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Parlett, <i>The Oxford Dictionary of card games</i>, pg. 311 Oxford University Press (1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-869173-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-869173-4">0-19-869173-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diagram Group <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TcG-U30Is-YC&dq=Trente+et+Quarante++game&pg=PA344"><i>The Little Giant Encyclopedia of Card Games</i></a> pg. 348 Sterling (1995) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8069-1330-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8069-1330-4">0-8069-1330-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Boussac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playpokiesonline.org/encyclopedia/trente-et-quarante-or-red-and-black"><i>The Trente-et-Quarante or the Red and Black</i></a>, Paris, 1896. Transl. from French, 2017.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Trente_et_Quarante" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Trente et Quarante">Trente et Quarante</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 251.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trente+et+Quarante&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=251&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrente+et+Quarante" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trente_et_Quarante&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>_ (1694). <i>Le Dictionnaire de L'Académie Françoise</i>. Vol. 2 (M–Z). Paris: Coignard.</li> <li>Chisholm, Hugh (1911). <i>The Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Vol. 27. Encyclopædia Britannica Company.</li> <li>Jones, Charles (1796). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BRtdAAAAcAAJ&dq=%22rouge+et+noir%22&pg=PA285"><i>Hoyle's Games Improved</i></a>. London: Baldwin et al.</li> <li>Lehmann, Th. and Dr Handelmann (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GOBJD8SbQ04C&dq=fiefkaart&pg=PA259"><i>Jahrbücher für die Landeskunde</i></a>, Volume 12. Kiel: Akademische Buchhandlung.</li> <li>Schick, Louis (1864). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YlAV7RnOj_wC&dq=%22Trente+et+Quarante%22&pg=PA11"><i>Elemental Instruction to Play Trente-et-quarante and Roulette</i></a>. Homburg: Louis Schick.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCtze,_Johann_Friedrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Schütze, Johann Friedrich">Schütze, Johann Friedrich</a> (1800). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UYgCAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22D%C3%B6r+den+Hund%22&pg=RA1-PA172"><i>Holsteinisches Idiotikon</i>.</a> Hamburg: Heinrich Ludwig Villaume.</li> <li>Vane, Lyonell (1754). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NqxcAAAAcAAJ&q=%22Trente+et+Quarante%22+&pg=PA35"><i>Letters to a Gentleman of Fortune, Relating to His Conduct in Life</i></a>. London: Owen.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Banking_games" title="Template:Banking games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Banking_games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Banking games (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Banking_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Banking games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Banking_games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Banking_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking game">Banking games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banking card games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baccarat" title="Baccarat">Baccarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basset_(banking_game)" title="Basset (banking game)">Basset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackjack" title="Blackjack">Blackjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_Hookey" title="Blind Hookey">Blind Hookey</a> (Banker and Broker, Dutch Bank, Honest John)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%BCchern" title="Blüchern">Blüchern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baccarat#Chemin_de_fer" title="Baccarat">Chemin de Fer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferme_(banking_game)" title="Ferme (banking game)">Ferme</a> (Farmer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faro_(banking_game)" title="Faro (banking game)">Faro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansquenet" title="Lansquenet">Lansquenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macao_(banking_game)" title="Macao (banking game)">Macao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Bank" title="Monte Bank">Monte Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onze_et_demie" title="Onze et demie">Onze et demie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Bank" title="Polish Bank">Polish Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontoon_(banking_game)" title="Pontoon (banking game)">Pontoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinze" title="Quinze">Quinze</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rouge et Noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sette_e_mezzo" title="Sette e mezzo">Seven and a Half</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Lottery" title="Silesian Lottery">Silesian Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_21" title="Spanish 21">Spanish 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation_(banking_game)" title="Speculation (banking game)">Speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuss" title="Stuss">Stuss</a> (Jewish Faro)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeln" title="Tempeln">Tempeln</a> (German Faro)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trente et Quarante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-One_(banking_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-One (banking game)">Twenty-One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yablon" class="mw-redirect" title="Yablon">Yablon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acey_Deucey_(card_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acey Deucey (card game)">Acey Deucey</a>, Between the Sheets)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackjack.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Blackjack.svg/60px-Blackjack.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Blackjack.svg/90px-Blackjack.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Blackjack.svg/120px-Blackjack.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="582" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banking game links</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking game">Banking game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casino_game" title="Casino game">Casino game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_of_chance" title="Game of chance">Game of chance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_of_skill" title="Game of skill">Game of skill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poker" title="Poker">Poker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Card_games" title="Category:Card games">Card game category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Gambling" title="Category:Gambling">Gambling category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gambling_card_games" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gambling card games">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Games_of_chance" class="extiw" title="wikt:Games of chance">Wiktionary</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Board_and_Table_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Board and Table Games">WikiProject Board & Table Games</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Gambling" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Gambling">WikiProject Gambling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trente_et_Quarante&oldid=1242526027">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trente_et_Quarante&oldid=1242526027</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_gambling_games" 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