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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-馬斯－萊茵語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#馬斯－萊茵語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>馬斯－萊茵語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-馬斯－萊茵語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-荷蘭和比利時林堡語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#荷蘭和比利時林堡語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>荷蘭和比利時林堡語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-荷蘭和比利時林堡語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-林堡語的分支" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#林堡語的分支"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>林堡語的分支</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-林堡語的分支-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-發音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>發音</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-發音-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关發音子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-發音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-輔音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#輔音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>輔音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-輔音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-元音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>元音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-單母音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#單母音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>單母音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-單母音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-雙母音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#雙母音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>雙母音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-雙母音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-聲調" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#聲調"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>聲調</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-聲調-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-元音變化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元音變化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>元音變化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元音變化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">林堡语</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。84种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgs" title="Limburgs – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Limburgs" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8A%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A1%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%8D%E1%8A%9B" title="ሊምቡርግኛ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊምቡርግኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_limburgu%C3%A9s" title="Idioma limburgués – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma limburgués" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgisc" title="Limburgisc – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Limburgisc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الليمبورغية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الليمبورغية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الليمبورغيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الليمبورغيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_limburgu%C3%A9s" title="Idioma limburgués – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma limburgués" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Limburges" title="Tataramon na Limburges – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Limburges" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Лимбургски език – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лимбургски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbourgeg" title="Limbourgeg – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Limbourgeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgu%C3%A8s" title="Limburguès – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Limburguès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbur%C5%A1tina" title="Limburština – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Limburština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgki" title="Limburgki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Limburgki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Λιμβουργιανή γλώσσα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λιμβουργιανή γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Limburgish" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburga_lingvo" title="Limburga lingvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Limburga lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_limburgu%C3%A9s" title="Idioma limburgués – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma limburgués" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgera" title="Limburgera – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Limburgera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%8C" title="زبان لیمبورخی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان لیمبورخی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgin_kieli" title="Limburgin kieli – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Limburgin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Limburgiskt mál – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Limburgiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbourgeois" title="Limbourgeois – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Limbourgeois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limborags" title="Limborags – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Limborags" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburchsk" title="Limburchsk – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Limburchsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_limburguesa" title="Lingua limburguesa – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua limburguesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburg-ng%C3%AE" title="Limburg-ngî – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Limburg-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%AA" title="לימבורגית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לימבורגית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Limburgish" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbur%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Limburški jezik – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Limburški jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgi_nyelv" title="Limburgi nyelv – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Limburgi nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Լիմբուրգերեն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիմբուրգերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Limburg" title="Bahasa Limburg – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Limburg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Limburges" title="Pagsasao a Limburges – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Limburges" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgana_linguo" title="Limburgana linguo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Limburgana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburg%C3%ADska" title="Limburgíska – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Limburgíska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_limburghese" title="Lingua limburghese – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua limburghese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E8%AA%9E" title="リンブルフ語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リンブルフ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%BC%EB%B7%94%EB%A5%B4%ED%9D%90%EC%96%B4" title="림뷔르흐어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="림뷔르흐어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_limburg%C3%AE" title="Zimanê limburgî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê limburgî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbourgek" title="Limbourgek – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Limbourgek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Limburgica" title="Lingua Limburgica – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Limburgica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgesch" title="Limburgesch – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Limburgesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgan_(lingua)" title="Limburgan (lingua) – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Limburgan (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgs" title="Limburgs – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Limburgs" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_limburgheise" title="Lengua limburgheise – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua limburgheise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_limburghesa" title="Lengua limburghesa – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua limburghesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_kalba" title="Limburgiečių kalba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Limburgiečių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Limburgiešu valoda – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Limburgiešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_limborgiana" title="Fiteny limborgiana – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny limborgiana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="لیمبورگی – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لیمبورگی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limborgsch" title="Limborgsch – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Limborgsch" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb%C3%B6rgs" title="Limbörgs – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Limbörgs" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgs" title="Limburgs – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Limburgs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgsk" title="Limburgsk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Limburgsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgisch" title="Limburgisch – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Limburgisch" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_limburski" title="Język limburski – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język limburski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_limburgh%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga limburghèisa – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga limburghèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="لمبرگی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لمبرگی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_limburguesa" title="Língua limburguesa – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua limburguesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_limburghez%C4%83" title="Limba limburgheză – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba limburgheză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Лимбургский язык – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лимбургский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱞᱤᱢᱵᱩᱨᱜᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱤᱢᱵᱩᱨᱜᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgish_leid" title="Limburgish leid – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Limburgish leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Limburgish" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbur%C4%8Dina" title="Limburčina – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Limburčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_limburge" title="Gjuha limburge – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha limburge" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Лимбуршки језик – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лимбуршки језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbuurchsk" title="Limbuurchsk – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Limbuurchsk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgiska" title="Limburgiska – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Limburgiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இலிம்பூர்கு மொழி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலிம்பூர்கு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Limburges" title="Wikang Limburges – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Limburges" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgi_zyvon" title="Limburgi zyvon – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Limburgi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgca" title="Limburgca – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Limburgca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лімбурзька мова – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лімбурзька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%8C" title="لمبرخی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لمبرخی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgan_kel%27" title="Limburgan kel' – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Limburgan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Limburg" title="Tiếng Limburg – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Limburg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgs" title="Limburgs – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Limburgs" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgi%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Limburgiänapük – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Limburgiänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbordjw%C3%A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Limbordjwès (lingaedje) – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Limbordjwès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="林堡语 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="林堡语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgs" title="Limburgs – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Limburgs" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburg-g%C3%AD" title="Limburg-gí – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Limburg-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E6%96%87" title="林堡文 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="林堡文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q102172#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> 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class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;">林堡语</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: lawngreen;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en">Limburgs</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>的少部分地区</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><b>区域</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷蘭</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E7%9C%81_(%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0)" title="林堡省 (荷兰)">林堡省</a></li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E7%9C%81_(%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6)" title="林堡省 (比利时)">林堡省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%97%A5%E7%9C%81" title="列日省">列日省</a></li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5-%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%A6" title="北莱茵-威斯特法伦">北莱茵-威斯特法伦州</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母语使用人数</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">大约 1,600,000人</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼语族">日耳曼语族</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="西日耳曼语支">西日耳曼语支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%98%E5%85%B9-%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="默兹-莱茵语（页面不存在）">默兹-莱茵语</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>林堡语</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">官方地位</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">作为官方语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">荷兰（作为区域性语言）；在比利时并无官方地位</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=li">li</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/lim" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:lim">lim</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/lim" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:lim">lim</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Limburgisch.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Limburgisch.PNG/250px-Limburgisch.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="424" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Limburgisch.PNG/375px-Limburgisch.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Limburgisch.PNG/500px-Limburgisch.PNG 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="1432" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">瀕危程度</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%80%81%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="联合国教育、科学及文化组织">联合国教科文组织</a>认定的<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="瀕危語言">瀕危語言</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="color:darkgray;"><b>脆弱</b></span>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/index.php">UNESCO</a>）<div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UNESCO_AWLD_VU_CHS.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/UNESCO_AWLD_VU_CHS.png/288px-UNESCO_AWLD_VU_CHS.png" decoding="async" width="288" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/UNESCO_AWLD_VU_CHS.png/432px-UNESCO_AWLD_VU_CHS.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/UNESCO_AWLD_VU_CHS.png/576px-UNESCO_AWLD_VU_CHS.png 2x" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="431" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>林堡语</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="林堡語">林堡語</a>：<span lang="li">Limburgs</span>）属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼语族">日耳曼语族</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="西日耳曼语支">西日耳曼语支</a>，属法兰克语言的一支，是在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>边界的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1" title="林堡">林堡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="萊茵蘭">萊茵蘭</a>地区所使用的语言。這個語言的使用範圍大致上為一個自<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E6%B4%9B" title="芬洛">芬洛</a>圈至<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="杜塞爾多夫">杜塞爾多夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%90%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="亞琛">亞琛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E8%B5%AB%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="馬斯特里赫特">馬斯特里赫特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%91%9F%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9" title="哈瑟尔特">哈瑟爾特</a>的大圓圈。在荷蘭，林堡語被認為是一種區域語言（荷蘭語：streektaal），也因此得到歐洲區域語言或次要語言憲章第二章的中等保護。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="馬斯－萊茵語"><span id=".E9.A6.AC.E6.96.AF.EF.BC.8D.E8.90.8A.E8.8C.B5.E8.AA.9E"></span>馬斯－萊茵語</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：馬斯－萊茵語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在德國，林堡語經常被認為是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="低地法兰克语">低地法蘭克語</a>的一支；但在荷蘭和比利時，傳統上認為林堡語屬於<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="高地德語">高地德語</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="西中部德语">西中部德語</a>的一支。此差異源自於兩邊一項定義的不同：低地國家的語言學家將高地德語定義為發生<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%90%E9%9F%B3%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" title="高地德語子音推移">高地德語子音推移</a>前三階段中任意一階段的語言。在德國，它的方言在語言學上經常稱呼萊茵河東部的方言為"Bergisch"；萊茵河西部的部份叫低地萊茵語、林堡語或"Ripuarian"。林堡語並非德國政府承認的官方語言之一。 </p><p>林堡语和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下萊茵語（页面不存在）">下萊茵語</a>都屬於大<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E5%85%B9%E6%B2%B3" title="默兹河">馬斯</a>－<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="莱茵">萊茵</a>區域的一個南低地法蘭克語的語群，此語群範圍包括比利時、荷蘭與德國北部<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="萊茵蘭">萊茵蘭</a>的區域。這三角的北部受標準荷蘭語影響，尤其在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭聯合王國">荷蘭聯合王國</a>於1815年成立後更是如此，而最南的部份在此時則成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="普魯士王國">普魯士王國</a>的一部份，從此這部份就屬於高地德語區的一部份。然而在方言觀點來看，邊界兩邊的方言相互的理解依舊是可能的。 </p><p>這個較上的語群又稱之為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF-%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬斯-萊茵語（页面不存在）">馬斯-萊茵語</a>（荷蘭語：<span lang="nl">Maas-Rijnlands</span>、德語：<span lang="de">Rheinmaasländisch</span>），<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a>的語言學家Ad Welschen認為，它可被分成南北兩支。因此林堡語可說是個在荷蘭和比利時使用的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF-%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南馬斯-萊茵（页面不存在）">南馬斯-萊茵</a>語言。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="荷蘭和比利時林堡語"><span id=".E8.8D.B7.E8.98.AD.E5.92.8C.E6.AF.94.E5.88.A9.E6.99.82.E6.9E.97.E5.A0.A1.E8.AA.9E"></span>荷蘭和比利時林堡語</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：荷蘭和比利時林堡語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>估計<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="低地國家">低地國家</a>有1600000林堡語使用者，另外在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>也有數十萬人說林堡語，詳細數據基於不同定義。比起那些使用於荷蘭和德國的方言，使用於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="佛拉芒">佛拉芒</a>地區的林堡語的各種方言受到更多<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>的影響，這個語言和德語與荷蘭語有相似之處，而 Hendrik van Veldeke，一個來自當地的中世紀作家，也因此同時被認為是早期德語作家和荷蘭語的最早的寫作者的其中之一。 </p><p>與多數歐洲語言不同的是，林堡語是個<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="聲調語言">聲調語言</a>，它有兩個聲調，其他被認為是略為聲調化的歐洲語言包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛語">立陶宛語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯洛文尼亞語">斯洛文尼亞語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="挪威語">挪威語</a>與南斯拉夫諸許多的語言，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="塞尔维亚语">塞尔维亚语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯尼亚语">波斯尼亚语</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="克罗地亚语">克罗地亚语</a>等。 </p><p>林堡語亦顯出可能的凱爾特語根源特徵，這點由比起其他西日耳曼語言，林堡語具有更多源自凱爾特語言的單字這點可看出，此語言通行區域本來是<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="凱爾特人">凱爾特人</a>部落的居住地。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="林堡語的分支"><span id=".E6.9E.97.E5.A0.A1.E8.AA.9E.E7.9A.84.E5.88.86.E6.94.AF"></span>林堡語的分支</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：林堡語的分支"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>北林堡語<i>（</i>Noord Limburgs<i>）分佈於<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E6%B4%9B" title="芬洛">芬洛</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>北部，是林堡語的一種，它帶有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%B7%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南海爾德語（页面不存在）">南海爾德方言</a>的特徵。</i></li> <li>中林堡語（<i>Centraal Limburgs</i>）是德國的概念，它通行於荷蘭東部及比利時部份地區。</li> <li>東南下法蘭克語（<i>Südostniederfränkisch</i>）</li> <li>東南林堡語（<i>Zuidoost-Limburgs</i>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="發音"><span id=".E7.99.BC.E9.9F.B3"></span>發音</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：發音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>此處的發音說明基於使用於<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%91%9F%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9" title="哈瑟尔特">哈瑟尔特</a>的西林堡語。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="輔音"><span id=".E8.BC.94.E9.9F.B3"></span>輔音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：輔音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="雙唇音">雙唇音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="唇齒音">唇齒音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齒齦音">齒齦音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%BE%8C%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦後音">齒齦後音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E9%A1%8E%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="硬顎音">硬顎音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%A1%8E%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="軟顎音">軟顎音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%89%E9%9F%B3" title="喉音">喉音</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">m</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">n</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋ</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">p</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">b</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">t</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">d</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">k</span> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%93%A6%E9%80%9A%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="無擦通音">無擦通音</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">β̞</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">j</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="塞擦音">塞擦音</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">dʒ</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="擦音">擦音</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">f</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">v</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">s</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">z</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʃ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">x</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɣ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">h</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A4%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6)" title="颤音 (语音学)">顫音</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">r</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="边音">邊通音</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">l</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元音"><span id=".E5.85.83.E9.9F.B3"></span>元音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：元音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="單母音"><span id=".E5.96.AE.E6.AF.8D.E9.9F.B3"></span>單母音</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：單母音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="前元音">前</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="央元音">央</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="後元音">後</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉元音">閉</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">i iː y yː</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">u uː</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%89%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="次閉元音">次閉</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɪ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉元音">半閉</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">eː ø øː</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">oː</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="中元音">中</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ə</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɔ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半開元音">半開</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɛ ɛː œ œː œ̃ː</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɔː ɔ̃ː</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%8B%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="次開元音">次開</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">æ æ̃ː</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開元音">開</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">aː</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɑ ɑː ɑ̃ː</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ə/</span>只出現在非重音音節，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/oː/</span>只出現於源自標準荷蘭語或英語的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="外来语">借用詞</a>中。而<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%8C%96%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="鼻化母音">鼻化母音</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/œ̃ː æ̃ː ɑ̃ː ɔ̃ː/</span>只出現於源自法語的借用詞中。 </p><p>在齿龈音前，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/øː œː uː/</span>會被讀成<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[øə œə uə]</span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="雙母音"><span id=".E9.9B.99.E6.AF.8D.E9.9F.B3"></span>雙母音</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：雙母音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>林堡語的雙母音計有<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/iə øɪ eɪ uɪ ɔɪ aɪ ou/</span>等，另外還有<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/uː ɔː ɑː/</span>與<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/j/</span>的混合，而<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/aɪ/</span>只出現於從法語借用的單字中以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%98%86%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="感嘆詞">感嘆詞</a>中。 </p><p>在齿龈音前，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ou/</span>會被讀成<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[oə]</span>，而<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/eɪ/</span>則會被讀成<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[eə]</span>或<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ejə]</span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="聲調"><span id=".E8.81.B2.E8.AA.BF"></span>聲調</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：聲調"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在重音節上，林堡語有兩個<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="聲調">聲調</a>傳統上分別稱之為推调（sjtoettoen）與拖调（sjleiptoen）。聲調可以區分不同的字以及一字的不同形式。例如：<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[daːx]</span> ，若發拖调（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[daːx˦˨˧]</span>）則意味著「日子」，若發推调（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[daːx˦˨]</span>）則意為「日子（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E6%95%B8_(%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95)" title="複數 (語法)">複數</a>）」）. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元音變化"><span id=".E5.85.83.E9.9F.B3.E8.AE.8A.E5.8C.96"></span>元音變化</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：元音變化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>林堡語對名詞使用一些元音變化以標明複數。在英語中也有類似的使用，如man - men及goose - geese等。在多數林堡語的方言中，將會在部份名詞中找到元音變化。越東邊的地方，朝德國方向的地方可以找到更多如此的字。 </p><p>林堡語基於元音變化的複數名詞舉隅： </p> <ul><li>broor - breur 兄弟（單數 - 複數）</li> <li>sjoon - sjeun 鞋子（單數 - 複數）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li>Ad Welschen 2000-2005: Course <i>Dutch Society and Culture</i>, International School for Humanities and Social Studies ISHSS, Universiteit van Amsterdam (permission granted)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Cornelissen, Georg. Kleine niederrheinische Sprachgeschichte (1300-1900) : eine regionale Sprachgeschichte für das deutsch-niederländische Grenzgebiet zwischen Arnheim und Krefeld : met een Nederlandstalige inleiding. Geldern / Venray: Stichting Historie Peel-Maas-Niersgebied. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft.aulast=Cornelissen&rft.btitle=Kleine+niederrheinische+Sprachgeschichte+%281300-1900%29+%3A+eine+regionale+Sprachgeschichte+f%C3%BCr+das+deutsch-niederl%C3%A4ndische+Grenzgebiet+zwischen+Arnheim+und+Krefeld+%3A+met+een+Nederlandstalige+inleiding&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Geldern+%2F+Venray&rft.pub=Stichting+Historie+Peel-Maas-Niersgebied&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="德語">（德文）</span></li> <li>Frins, Jean (2005): <i>Syntaktische Besonderheiten im Aachener Dreilãndereck. Eine Übersicht begleitet von einer Analyse aus politisch-gesellschaftlicher Sicht</i>. Groningen: RUG Repro [Undergraduate Thesis, Groningen University] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="德語">（德文）</span></li> <li>Frins, Jean (2006): <i>Karolingisch-Fränkisch. Die </i>plattdůtsche<i> Volkssprache im Aachener Dreiländereck</i>. Groningen: RUG Repro [Master's Thesis, Groningen University] <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="德語">（德文）</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Grootaers, L.; Grauls, J. Klankleer van het Hasselt dialect. Leuven: de Vlaamsche Drukkerij. 1930 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到荷兰语网页">（荷兰语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Grauls%2C+J.&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.aulast=Grootaers&rft.btitle=Klankleer+van+het+Hasselt+dialect&rft.date=1930&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Leuven&rft.pub=de+Vlaamsche+Drukkerij&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Gussenhoven, Carlos; Aarts, Flor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/gussenhoven_aarts.pdf">The dialect of Maastricht</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Journal of the International Phonetic Association (University of Nijmegen, Centre for Language Studies). 1999, <b>29</b>: 155–166 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-03-28</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300006526"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1017/S0025100300006526</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011044945/http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/gussenhoven_aarts.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2017-10-11） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=The+dialect+of+Maastricht&rft.au=Aarts%2C+Flor&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft.aulast=Gussenhoven&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.pages=155-166&rft.volume=29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgep.ruhosting.nl%2Fcarlos%2Fgussenhoven_aarts.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300006526&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Gussenhoven, C.; van der Vliet, P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-linguistics_1999-03_35_1/page/99">The phonology of tone and intonation in the Dutch dialect of Venlo</a>. Journal of Linguistics. 1999, <b>35</b>: 99–135. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022226798007324"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1017/S0022226798007324</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=The+phonology+of+tone+and+intonation+in+the+Dutch+dialect+of+Venlo&rft.au=van+der+Vliet%2C+P.&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.aulast=Gussenhoven&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Linguistics&rft.pages=99-135&rft.volume=35&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-linguistics_1999-03_35_1%2Fpage%2F99&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022226798007324&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Peters, Jörg. The dialect of Hasselt. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 2006, <b>36</b> (1): 117–124.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=The+dialect+of+Hasselt&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B6rg&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.pages=117-124&rft.volume=36&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Staelens, X. Dieksjneèèr van 't (H)essels. Nederlands-Hasselts Woordenboek. Hasselt: de Langeman. 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=X.&rft.aulast=Staelens&rft.btitle=Dieksjne%C3%A8%C3%A8r+van+%27t+%28H%29essels.+Nederlands-Hasselts+Woordenboek&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Hasselt&rft.pub=de+Langeman&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="荷蘭語">（荷兰文）</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meuse-Rhenish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meuse-Rhenish（页面不存在）">Meuse-Rhenish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Rhenish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Rhenish（页面不存在）">Low Rhenish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Meuse-Rhenish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Meuse-Rhenish（页面不存在）">Southern Meuse-Rhenish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuidoost_Limburgs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zuidoost Limburgs（页面不存在）">Zuidoost Limburgs</a> on the Dutch Wikipedia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/index.php">UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%80%81%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="联合国教育、科学及文化组织">UNESCO</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">维基百科提供如下语言版本：<b><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="li:"> Limburgish 維基百科</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>有此种语言版本：<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/li:Main_Page" class="extiw" title="wikt:li:Main Page">林堡语维基词典</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80540462"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanoostendorp.nl/fonologie/tongval/t33.html">On Limburgian Tones (in Dutch)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160304023630/http://www.vanoostendorp.nl/fonologie/tongval/t33.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050906124909/http://www.limburgsedialecten.nl/content/nl/ov/gesch/LIM_DIALEC.pdf">map of dialects spoken in Dutch Limburg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205064757/http://cf.hum.uva.nl/natlearn/limburgs/adindex.html">Advice of recognition of the Limburgish as regional language (in Dutch)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060309032137/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/translation/Limburgian/">Limburgian Dictionary</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060309032137/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/translation/Limburgian/">Webster's Dictionary</a> - the Rosetta Edition</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crossroads.journalismcentre.com/2007/the-visit-of-the-ladies-of-charity/">The visit of the ladies of Charity by Alphonse Olterdissen</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060619133915/http://crossroads.journalismcentre.com/2007/the-visit-of-the-ladies-of-charity/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） translated from the dialect of Maastricht into English for <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206002324/http://www.ejc.nl/crossroads/">Crossroads</a>，a web magazine for expatriates in Maastricht, the Netherlands</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" 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0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="西日耳曼語支" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" title="盎格鲁-弗里斯兰语组">盎格鲁-弗里斯兰语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" title="盎格鲁-弗里斯兰语组">盎格鲁语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="英語方言列表">英語方言列表</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">古英语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">中古英语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="近代英语">近代英语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E6%88%88%E8%AF%AD" title="芬戈语">芬戈语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="约拉语">约拉语</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="低地蘇格蘭語">低地蘇格蘭語</a> <ul><li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="上古低地蘇格蘭語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Early Scots"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上古低地蘇格蘭語（页面不存在）">上古低地蘇格蘭語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Early Scots"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Early Scots</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中古低地蘇格蘭語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Middle Scots"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古低地蘇格蘭語（页面不存在）">中古低地蘇格蘭語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Scots"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Middle Scots</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="弗里斯兰语">弗里斯兰语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古弗里斯兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Frisian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古弗里斯兰语（页面不存在）">古弗里斯兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Old Frisian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Frisian</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中古弗里斯兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Middle Frisian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古弗里斯兰语（页面不存在）">中古弗里斯兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Frisian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Middle Frisian</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="东弗里斯兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Frisian language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东弗里斯兰语（页面不存在）">东弗里斯兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Frisian_language" class="extiw" title="en:East Frisian language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Frisian language</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>埃姆斯 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="萨特弗里斯兰语">萨特弗里斯兰语</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>威悉</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wangerooge_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wangerooge Frisian（页面不存在）">Wangerooge Frisian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wursten_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wursten Frisian（页面不存在）">Wursten Frisian</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="北弗里斯兰语">北弗里斯兰语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>海岛 <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiderstedt_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiderstedt Frisian（页面不存在）">Eiderstedt</a></i></li> <li>Föhr–Amrum <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6hr_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Föhr North Frisian（页面不存在）">Föhr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrum_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amrum North Frisian（页面不存在）">Amrum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heligoland_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heligoland Frisian（页面不存在）">Heligolandic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sylt_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sylt North Frisian（页面不存在）">Sylt</a></li></ul></li> <li>大陆 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B6kingharde_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bökingharde North Frisian（页面不存在）">Bökingharde</a> <ul><li>Mooring</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halligen_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halligen Frisian（页面不存在）">Halligen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goesharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goesharde Frisian（页面不存在）">Goesharde</a> <ul><li>Northern</li> <li>Central</li> <li><i>Southern</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karrharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karrharde Frisian（页面不存在）">Karrharde</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strand_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strand Frisian（页面不存在）">Strand</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiedingharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiedingharde Frisian（页面不存在）">Wiedingharde</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西弗里斯兰诸语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="West Frisian languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%B8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西弗里斯兰诸语（页面不存在）">西弗里斯兰诸语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Frisian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:West Frisian languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">West Frisian languages</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindeloopen_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindeloopen Frisian（页面不存在）">Hindeloopen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schiermonnikoog_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schiermonnikoog Frisian（页面不存在）">Schiermonnikoog</a></li> <li>Westlauwers–Terschellings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="西弗里斯兰语">西弗里斯兰语</a> <ul><li>Clay Frisian</li> <li>Wood Frisian <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westereendersk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westereendersk（页面不存在）">Westereendersk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terschelling_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terschelling Frisian（页面不存在）">Terschelling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="低地德语">低地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E8%AA%9E" title="古撒克遜語">古撒克遜語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="中世纪低地德语">中世纪低地德语</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="西低地德语">西低地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%8B%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="荷兰下萨克森语">荷兰下萨克森语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯泰灵韦夫方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stellingwarfs dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E7%81%B5%E9%9F%A6%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯泰灵韦夫方言（页面不存在）">斯泰灵韦夫方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellingwarfs_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Stellingwarfs dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stellingwarfs dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特文特方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tweants dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%96%87%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特文特方言（页面不存在）">特文特方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweants_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Tweants dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tweants dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="格羅寧根方言">格羅寧根方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德伦特方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drèents dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%A6%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德伦特方言（页面不存在）">德伦特方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%A8ents_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Drèents dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drèents dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>Gelders-Overijssels <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achterhooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achterhooks（页面不存在）">Achterhooks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sallaans_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sallaans dialect（页面不存在）">Sallaans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urkers_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urkers dialect（页面不存在）">Urkers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veluws_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veluws dialect（页面不存在）">Veluws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Low_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Low Saxon（页面不存在）">Northern Low Saxon</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Frisian_Low_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Frisian Low Saxon（页面不存在）">East Frisian Low Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schleswigsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schleswigsch（页面不存在）">Schleswigsch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holsteinisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holsteinisch（页面不存在）">Holsteinisch</a></li> <li>Oldenburgish</li> <li>North Hanoveranian</li> <li>Dithmarsch</li> <li>Emsländisch</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastphalian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastphalian language（页面不存在）">Eastphalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="威斯特法伦方言">威斯特法伦方言</a> <ul><li>East Westphalian</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Westphalian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Westphalian（页面不存在）">South Westphalian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="东低地德语">东低地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialect（页面不存在）">Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburgisch_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandenburgisch dialect（页面不存在）">Brandenburgisch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Markish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Markish（页面不存在）">North Markish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Markish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Markish（页面不存在）">Central Markish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Pomeranian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Pomeranian（页面不存在）">Central Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Pomeranian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Pomeranian（页面不存在）">East Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Prussian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Prussian dialect（页面不存在）">Low Prussian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="門諾低地德語">門諾低地德語</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="低地法兰克语">低地法兰克语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="标准方言">标准语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="古法兰克语">古法兰克语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古荷兰语">古荷兰语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9D%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="阿非利卡语">南非語</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaaps（页面不存在）">Kaaps</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西低地法兰克语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Dutch_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Dutch dialects（页面不存在）">Central Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hollandic_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hollandic dialect（页面不存在）">Hollandic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleverlandish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kleverlandish（页面不存在）">Kleverlandish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="西弗拉芒方言">西弗拉芒方言</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国弗拉芒方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French Flemish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法国弗拉芒方言（页面不存在）">法国弗拉芒方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Flemish" class="extiw" title="en:French Flemish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French Flemish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BD%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="泽兰语">泽兰语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="东弗拉芒方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Flemish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东弗拉芒方言（页面不存在）">东弗拉芒方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Flemish" class="extiw" title="en:East Flemish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Flemish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="布拉班特方言">布拉班特方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏里南荷兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Surinamese Dutch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏里南荷兰语（页面不存在）">苏里南荷兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinamese_Dutch" class="extiw" title="en:Surinamese Dutch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Surinamese Dutch</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泽西荷兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jersey Dutch language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泽西荷兰语（页面不存在）">泽西荷兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey_Dutch_language" class="extiw" title="en:Jersey Dutch language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jersey Dutch language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="莫霍克荷兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mohawk Dutch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%8B%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫霍克荷兰语（页面不存在）">莫霍克荷兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohawk_Dutch" class="extiw" title="en:Mohawk Dutch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mohawk Dutch</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadsfries_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stadsfries dialects（页面不存在）">Stadsfries</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bildts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bildts（页面不存在）">Bildts</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Amelands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amelands（页面不存在）">Amelands</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Midslands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midslands（页面不存在）">Midslands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东低地法兰克语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meuse-Rhenish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meuse-Rhenish（页面不存在）">Meuse-Rhenish</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">林堡语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Limburgish_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Limburgish dialect（页面不存在）">Southeast Limburgish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="高地德语">高地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="古高地德語">古高地德語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中古高地德語">中古高地德語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_New_High_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early New High German（页面不存在）">Early New High German</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="標準德語">標準德語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="德國標準德語">德國標準德語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="奥地利德语">奥地利德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞士標準德語">瑞士標準德語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="标准方言">标准语</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="克里奧爾語">克里奧爾語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纳米比亚德语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Namibian German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳米比亚德语（页面不存在）">纳米比亚德语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibian_German" class="extiw" title="en:Namibian German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Namibian German</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E9%BB%91%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="納米比亞黑德語">納米比亞黑德語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berlin_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berlin German（页面不存在）">Berlinerisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8C%85%E7%88%BE%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="拉包爾克里奧爾德語">拉包爾克里奧爾德語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%BD%97%E8%90%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="巴罗萨德语">巴罗萨德语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belgranodeutsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belgranodeutsch（页面不存在）">Belgranodeutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="伏尔加德意志人">伏尔加德语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paran%C3%A1-Wolga-Deutsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch（页面不存在）">Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotwelsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotwelsch（页面不存在）">Rotwelsch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotegorisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotegorisch（页面不存在）">Lotegorisch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yenish_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yenish language（页面不存在）">Yenish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語">意第緒語</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意第绪语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yiddish dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意第绪语方言（页面不存在）">东部方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Yiddish dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yiddish dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意第绪语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yiddish dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意第绪语方言（页面不存在）">西部方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Yiddish dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yiddish dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏格兰犹太人历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Jews in Scotland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏格兰犹太人历史（页面不存在）">苏格兰意第绪语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Jews in Scotland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Jews in Scotland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klezmer-loshn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klezmer-loshn（页面不存在）">Klezmer-loshn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lachoudisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lachoudisch（页面不存在）">Lachoudisch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中部德語">中部德語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="西中部德语">西中部德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="中法兰克语">中法兰克语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%E8%AA%9E" title="利普里安語">利普里安語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%9A%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="科隆語">科隆語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="摩泽尔法兰克语">摩泽尔法兰克语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="卢森堡语">卢森堡语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transylvanian_Saxon_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transylvanian Saxon dialect（页面不存在）">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洪斯吕克方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hunsrückisch dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洪斯吕克方言（页面不存在）">洪斯吕克方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunsr%C3%BCckisch_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Hunsrückisch dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hunsrückisch dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="里奥格兰德洪斯吕克语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hunsrik"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里奥格兰德洪斯吕克语（页面不存在）">里奥格兰德洪斯吕克语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunsrik" class="extiw" title="en:Hunsrik"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hunsrik</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="莱茵法兰克语">莱茵法兰克语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="洛林法兰克语">洛林法兰克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="普法尔茨方言">普法尔茨方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="伏尔加德意志人">伏尔加德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="賓夕法尼亞德語">賓夕法尼亞德語</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黑森方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hessian dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑森方言（页面不存在）">黑森方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessian_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Hessian dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hessian dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Hessian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Hessian（页面不存在）">Central Hessian</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿马纳德语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Amana German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿马纳德语（页面不存在）">阿马纳德语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amana_German" class="extiw" title="en:Amana German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Amana German</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="东中部德语">东中部德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuringian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuringian dialect（页面不存在）">Thuringian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="上薩克森德語">上薩克森德語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Upper_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Upper Saxon（页面不存在）">North Upper Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Marchian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Marchian dialect（页面不存在）">South Marchian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erzgebirgisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erzgebirgisch（页面不存在）">Erzgebirgisch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusatian_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lusatian dialects（页面不存在）">Lusatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E_(%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80)" title="西里西亞語 (德語方言)">西里西亞語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Prussian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Prussian dialect（页面不存在）">High Prussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%E7%B6%AD%E5%AE%89%E8%AA%9E" title="維拉莫維安語">維拉莫維安語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alzenau_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alzenau dialect（页面不存在）">Halcnovian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="上部德語">上部德語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>广义上的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="阿勒曼尼语">阿勒曼尼语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="低地阿勒曼尼语">低地阿勒曼尼语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿尔萨斯语">阿尔萨斯语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonia_Tovar_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonia Tovar dialect（页面不存在）">Coloniero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="高地阿勒曼尼語">高地阿勒曼尼語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="瑞士德语">瑞士德语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E9%AB%98%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="至高阿勒曼尼語">至高阿勒曼尼語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walser_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walser German（页面不存在）">Walser German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%93%A6%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="施瓦本方言">施瓦本方言</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="奥地利-巴伐利亚语">奥地利-巴伐利亚语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北巴伐利亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Northern Bavarian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北巴伐利亚方言（页面不存在）">北巴伐利亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Bavarian" class="extiw" title="en:Northern Bavarian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Northern Bavarian</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中巴伐利亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Central Bavarian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中巴伐利亚方言（页面不存在）">中巴伐利亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bavarian" class="extiw" title="en:Central Bavarian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Central Bavarian</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="维也纳方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Viennese German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维也纳方言（页面不存在）">维也纳方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viennese_German" class="extiw" title="en:Viennese German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Viennese German</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南巴伐利亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Southern Bavarian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南巴伐利亚方言（页面不存在）">南巴伐利亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Bavarian" class="extiw" title="en:Southern Bavarian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Southern Bavarian</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南蒂罗尔方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="South Tyrolean dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E8%92%82%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南蒂罗尔方言（页面不存在）">南蒂罗尔方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Tyrolean_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:South Tyrolean dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">South Tyrolean dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="辛布里語">辛布里語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B2cheno_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mòcheno language（页面不存在）">Mòcheno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutterite_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutterite German（页面不存在）">Hutterite German</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="南法兰克语">南法兰克语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="东法兰克语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Franconian German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东法兰克语（页面不存在）">东法兰克语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Franconian_German" class="extiw" title="en:East Franconian German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Franconian German</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vogtlandian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vogtlandian（页面不存在）">Vogtlandian</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lombardic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lombardic language（页面不存在）">Langobardic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="北日耳曼语支与东日耳曼语支" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语支</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语支</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="原始諾斯語">原始諾斯語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古諾斯語</a></i> <ul><li><i>古西諾斯語</i></li> <li><i>古東諾斯語</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古哥得兰语">古哥得兰语</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norwegian language（页面不存在）">Norwegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bergensk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bergensk（页面不存在）">Bergensk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebabnorsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebabnorsk（页面不存在）">Kebabnorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sognam%C3%A5l_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sognamål dialect（页面不存在）">Sognamål</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%C3%B8ndersk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trøndersk（页面不存在）">Trøndersk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallingm%C3%A5l-Valdris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallingmål-Valdris（页面不存在）">Valdris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestlandsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestlandsk（页面不存在）">Vestlandsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="挪威语">挪威语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="書面挪威語">書面挪威語</a> (书面)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="新挪威語">新挪威語</a> (书面)</li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古挪威语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Norwegian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古挪威語">古挪威语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norwegian" class="extiw" title="en:Old Norwegian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Norwegian</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中古挪威语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Middle Norwegian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古挪威语（页面不存在）">中古挪威语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Norwegian" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Norwegian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Middle Norwegian</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="法罗语">法罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="冰岛语">冰岛语</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古諾斯語</a></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="冰岛语历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Icelandic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰岛语历史（页面不存在）">中古冰岛语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Icelandic" class="extiw" title="en:History of Icelandic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Icelandic</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD%E8%AB%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="格陵蘭諾爾斯語">格陵蘭諾爾斯語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="諾恩語">諾恩語</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑞典语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Swedish dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑞典语方言（页面不存在）">瑞典语方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Swedish dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Swedish dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹麦语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Danish dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦语方言（页面不存在）">丹麦语方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Danish dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Danish dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海岛丹麦语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Insular Danish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%9B%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岛丹麦语（页面不存在）">海岛丹麦语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_Danish" class="extiw" title="en:Insular Danish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Insular Danish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="日德兰语">日德兰语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南日德兰方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="South Jutlandic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南日德兰方言（页面不存在）">南日德兰方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Jutlandic" class="extiw" title="en:South Jutlandic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">South Jutlandic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Danish（页面不存在）">East Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bornholm_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bornholm dialect（页面不存在）">Bornholmsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scanian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scanian dialect（页面不存在）">Scanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Schleswig_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Schleswig Danish（页面不存在）">Southern Schleswig Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B8tudanskt_accent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gøtudanskt accent（页面不存在）">Gøtudanskt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkerdansk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkerdansk（页面不存在）">Perkerdansk</a></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹麦语历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Danish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦语历史（页面不存在）">古丹麦语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Danish" class="extiw" title="en:History of Danish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Danish</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹麦语历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Danish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦语历史（页面不存在）">中古丹麦语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Danish" class="extiw" title="en:History of Danish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Danish</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalecarlian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalecarlian language（页面不存在）">Dalecarlian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elfdalian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elfdalian（页面不存在）">Elfdalian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gutnish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="哥特蘭語">哥特蘭語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A5r%C3%B6m%C3%A5l_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fårömål dialect（页面不存在）">Fårö Gutnish</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语支</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gothic language（页面不存在）">Gothic</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="克里米亚哥特语">克里米亚哥特语</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="勃艮第人">勃艮第人</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="汪达尔语">汪达尔语</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="语文学（英语：-&#123;Germanic_philology&#125;-）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼语语文学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic philology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语语文学（页面不存在）">语文学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_philology" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic philology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic philology</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗里德里希·毛雷尔 (语言学家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Friedrich Maurer (linguist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%AF%9B%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗里德里希·毛雷尔 (语言学家)（页面不存在）">分支</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Maurer_(linguist)" class="extiw" title="en:Friedrich Maurer (linguist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Friedrich Maurer (linguist)</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="易北日耳曼語">易北日耳曼語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weser-Rhine_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weser-Rhine Germanic（页面不存在）">Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="英维奥尼克语">英维奥尼克语</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northwest Germanic（页面不存在）">Northwest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="哥德語">哥德語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Germanic（页面不存在）">South</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">重构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Germanic_grammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Germanic grammar（页面不存在）">Proto-Germanic grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_parent_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic parent language（页面不存在）">Germanic parent language</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Belgian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Belgian language（页面不存在）">Ancient Belgian language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历时特征</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="格林定律">格林定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="維爾納定律">維爾納定律</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="霍尔茨曼定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Holtzmann's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8%E6%9B%BC%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍尔茨曼定律（页面不存在）">霍尔茨曼定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holtzmann%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Holtzmann's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Holtzmann's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西弗斯定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sievers's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西弗斯定律（页面不存在）">西弗斯定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sievers%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Sievers's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sievers's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克卢格定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kluge's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%A2%E6%A0%BC%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克卢格定律（页面不存在）">克卢格定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kluge%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Kluge's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kluge's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_substrate_hypothesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic substrate hypothesis（页面不存在）">Germanic substrate hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Germanic_gemination&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Germanic gemination（页面不存在）">West Germanic gemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%90%E9%9F%B3%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" title="高地德語子音推移">高地德語子音推移</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_a-mutation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic a-mutation（页面不存在）">Germanic a-mutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="日耳曼語元音變音">日耳曼語元音變音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="日耳曼擦音定律">日耳曼擦音定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3%E6%B6%88%E5%A4%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="北海日耳曼語鼻音消失法則">北海日耳曼語鼻音消失法則</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" title="母音大推移">母音大推移</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">共时特征</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼语动词" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic verb"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语动词（页面不存在）">日耳曼语动词</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic verb"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic verb</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%BC%B7%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" title="日耳曼語強變化動詞">日耳曼語強變化動詞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼语弱变化动词" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic weak verb"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%BC%B1%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语弱变化动词（页面不存在）">日耳曼语弱变化动词</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_weak_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic weak verb"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic weak verb</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼语动词" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic verb"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语动词（页面不存在）">过去现在时动词</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic verb"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic verb</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="語法相關發音變化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Grammatischer Wechsel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E7%99%BC%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語法相關發音變化（页面不存在）">語法相關發音變化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatischer_Wechsel" class="extiw" title="en:Grammatischer Wechsel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Grammatischer Wechsel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E6%8F%9B" title="印歐語元音變換">印歐語元音變換</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>斜体</i>表示已<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1" title="語言滅亡">灭亡</a>的语言</li><li>括号内的语言表示<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E9%AB%94_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" title="變體 (語言學)">變體</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="德国语言" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Template:德国语言"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:德国语言（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:德国语言"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="德国语言" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="德国语言">德国语言</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">官方语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德国标准德语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="German Standard German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="德國標準德語">德国标准德语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Standard_German" class="extiw" title="en:German Standard German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">German Standard German</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地方少数语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">已获认定</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="弗里斯兰语">弗里斯兰语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="北弗里斯兰语">北弗里斯兰语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="萨特弗里斯兰语">萨特弗里斯兰语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="低地德语">低地德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD" title="罗姆语">罗姆语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="索布语">索布语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="上索布语">上索布语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="下索布语">下索布语</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">未获认定</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="阿勒曼尼语">阿勒曼尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="奥地利-巴伐利亚语">奥地利-巴伐利亚语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德语手语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="German Sign Language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德语手语（页面不存在）">德语手语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Sign_Language" class="extiw" title="en:German Sign Language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">German Sign Language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">林堡语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="默兹-莱茵语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Meuse-Rhenish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%98%E5%85%B9-%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="默兹-莱茵语（页面不存在）">默兹-莱茵语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meuse-Rhenish" class="extiw" title="en:Meuse-Rhenish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Meuse-Rhenish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="卢森堡语">卢森堡语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%E8%AA%9E" title="利普里安語">利普里安語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="比荷盧聯盟語言及方言" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AF%94%E8%8D%B7%E7%9B%A7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="Template:比荷盧聯盟語言及方言"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AF%94%E8%8D%B7%E7%9B%A7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="Template talk:比荷盧聯盟語言及方言"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AF%94%E8%8D%B7%E7%9B%A7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:比荷盧聯盟語言及方言"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="比荷盧聯盟語言及方言" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a 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