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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tickle_fight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tickle_fight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Tickle fight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tickle_fight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Social aspects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purpose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Purpose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Self-tickling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-tickling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Self-tickling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-tickling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_physical_abuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_physical_abuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>As physical abuse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_physical_abuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tickling</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%BA%D8%A9" title="دغدغة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دغدغة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cozquillas" title="Cozquillas – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cozquillas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagkutok" title="Pagkutok – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pagkutok" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Гъдел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гъдел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillig" title="Hillig – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hillig" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pessigolles" title="Pessigolles – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pessigolles" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%83%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BA" title="Кăтăк – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кăтăк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecht%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Lechtání – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lechtání" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kildenhed" title="Kildenhed – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kildenhed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitzeln" title="Kitzeln – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kitzeln" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%A8degh" title="Blèdegh – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Blèdegh" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosquillas" title="Cosquillas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cosquillas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiklo" title="Tiklo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tiklo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilima" title="Kilima – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kilima" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%DA%A9" title="قلقلک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قلقلک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatouillement" title="Chatouillement – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chatouillement" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%84%EC%A7%80%EB%9F%BC" title="간지럼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="간지럼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="गुदगुदाना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुदगुदाना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelitik" title="Gelitik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gelitik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solletico" title="Solletico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Solletico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%92" title="דגדוג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דגדוג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81" title="ಕಚಗುಳಿ ಇಡುವುದು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಚಗುಳಿ ಇಡುವುದು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csiklandoz%C3%A1s" title="Csiklandozás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csiklandozás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kietelen" title="Kietelen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kietelen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="काउकुती – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="काउकुती" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8F%E3%81%99%E3%81%90%E3%82%8A" title="くすぐり – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="くすぐり" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82" title="ਕੁਤਕਤਾਰੀਆਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੁਤਕਤਾਰੀਆਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81askotki" title="Łaskotki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łaskotki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3cegas" title="Cócegas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cócegas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Щекотка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Щекотка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattigghiu" title="Cattigghiu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cattigghiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tickling" title="Tickling – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tickling" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0teklenie" title="Šteklenie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šteklenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Голицање – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Голицање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutittaminen" title="Kutittaminen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kutittaminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kittling" title="Kittling – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kittling" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangingiliti" title="Pangingiliti – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangingiliti" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%B1d%C4%B1klama" title="Gıdıklama – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gıdıklama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Лоскотання – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лоскотання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B9_l%C3%A9t" title="Cù lét – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cù lét" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%93%B3" title="擳 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="擳" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%90%94%E7%97%92" title="搔痒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="搔痒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q526046#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Action of making one laugh through physical touch</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tickle" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tickle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tickle (disambiguation)">Tickle (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the bird, see <a href="/wiki/Tikling" class="mw-redirect" title="Tikling">Tikling</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zuber_Buhler_Fritz_Tickling_The_Baby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Zuber_Buhler_Fritz_Tickling_The_Baby.jpg/220px-Zuber_Buhler_Fritz_Tickling_The_Baby.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Zuber_Buhler_Fritz_Tickling_The_Baby.jpg/330px-Zuber_Buhler_Fritz_Tickling_The_Baby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Zuber_Buhler_Fritz_Tickling_The_Baby.jpg/440px-Zuber_Buhler_Fritz_Tickling_The_Baby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="826" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><i>Tickling The Baby</i> by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Zuber-Buhler" title="Fritz Zuber-Buhler">Fritz Zuber-Buhler</a>, 19th century painting</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tickling</b> is the act of <a href="/wiki/Haptic_perception" title="Haptic perception">touching</a> a part of a body in a way that causes involuntary twitching movements or <a href="/wiki/Laughter" title="Laughter">laughter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary.reference.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary.reference.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6e\/En-us-tickle.ogg\/En-us-tickle.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\"tickle\""},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-tickle.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/En-us-tickle.ogg/En-us-tickle.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">"tickle"</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-tickle.ogg" title="File:En-us-tickle.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> evolved from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <i>tikelen</i>, perhaps <a href="/wiki/Frequentative" title="Frequentative">frequentative</a> of <i>ticken</i>, to touch lightly.<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary.reference.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary.reference.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1897, psychologists <a href="/wiki/G._Stanley_Hall" title="G. Stanley Hall">G. Stanley Hall</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Allin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Allin (page does not exist)">Arthur Allin</a> described a "tickle" as two different types of phenomena.<sup id="cite_ref-hallallin_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallallin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One type is caused by very light movement across the skin. This type of tickle, called a <a href="/wiki/Knismesis_and_gargalesis" title="Knismesis and gargalesis">knismesis</a>, generally does not produce laughter and is sometimes accompanied by an itching sensation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physiology">Physiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tickling&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Physiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_John_Hill_(circle)_Being_tickled.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/James_John_Hill_%28circle%29_Being_tickled.jpg/220px-James_John_Hill_%28circle%29_Being_tickled.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/James_John_Hill_%28circle%29_Being_tickled.jpg/330px-James_John_Hill_%28circle%29_Being_tickled.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/James_John_Hill_%28circle%29_Being_tickled.jpg/440px-James_John_Hill_%28circle%29_Being_tickled.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2352" data-file-height="2849" /></a><figcaption>James John Hill</figcaption></figure> <p>Tickling results from a mild stimulation moving across the skin, and is associated with behaviors such as smiling, laughter, twitching, withdrawal and <a href="/wiki/Goose_bumps" title="Goose bumps">goose bumps</a>. </p><p>The tickle can be divided into two separate categories of sensation, <a href="/wiki/Knismesis_and_gargalesis" title="Knismesis and gargalesis">knismesis and gargalesis</a>. Knismesis, also known as a "moving itch", is a mildly annoying sensation caused by a light movement on the skin, such as from a crawling insect. This may explain why it has evolved in many animals.<sup id="cite_ref-Selden,_S._T._2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selden,_S._T._2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, a dog exhibiting the <a href="/wiki/Scratch_reflex" title="Scratch reflex">scratch reflex</a> is an example of knismesis. When stimulated in the saddle region, most dogs will exhibit a reflexive rhythmic twitching of their hind legs. This reflex can be brought on by actions such as scratching, brushing, stroking, or even tapping the sensitive area. Horses also exhibit a response to knismesis, as they can be observed twitching the panniculus carnosus muscle in response to insects landing on their sides. Gargalesis reactions refer to a laughter-provoking feeling caused by a harsher, deeper pressure, stroked across the skin in various regions of the body.<sup id="cite_ref-Selden,_S._T._2004_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selden,_S._T._2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These reactions are thought to be limited to humans and other <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primates</a>, although some research has indicated that <a href="/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rats</a> can also be tickled in this way.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A German study also indicates that the gargalesis type of tickle triggers a defense mechanism for humans in the <a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a> conveying submissiveness or fleeing from danger.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It appears that the tickle sensation involves signals from <a href="/wiki/Nerve_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerve fibre">nerve fibres</a> associated with both <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tactition" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactition">touch</a>. In 1939, <a href="/wiki/Yngve_Zotterman" title="Yngve Zotterman">Yngve Zotterman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Karolinska_Institute" title="Karolinska Institute">Karolinska Institute</a> studied the knismesis type of tickle in cats, by measuring the <a href="/wiki/Action_potential" title="Action potential">action potentials</a> generated in the <a href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">nerve</a> fibres while lightly stroking the skin with a piece of <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>. Zotterman found that the "tickling" sensation depended, in part, on the nerves that generate pain.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further studies have discovered that when the <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a> nerves are severed by surgeons, in an effort to reduce <a href="/wiki/Chronic_pain" title="Chronic pain">intractable</a> pain, the tickle response is also diminished.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in some patients that have lost pain sensation due to <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord_injury" title="Spinal cord injury">spinal cord injury</a>, some aspects of the tickle response do remain.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tickle may also depend on nerve fibres associated with the sense of touch. When circulation is <a href="/wiki/Cutting" title="Cutting">severed</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Limb_(anatomy)" title="Limb (anatomy)">limb</a>, the response to touch and tickle are lost prior to the loss of pain sensation.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="areas"></span>It might be tempting to speculate that areas of the skin that are the most sensitive to touch would also be the most ticklish, but this does not seem to be the case. While the palm of the hand is far more sensitive to touch, most people find that the soles of their feet are the most ticklish.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hall_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other commonly ticklish areas, in decreasing order of effect, include the <a href="/wiki/Armpit" class="mw-redirect" title="Armpit">armpits</a>, the neck, under the chin and the ribs.<sup id="cite_ref-hall_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some evidence suggests that laughing associated with tickling is a nervous reaction that can be triggered; indeed, very ticklish people often start laughing before actually being tickled.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tickle_fight">Tickle fight</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tickling&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Tickle fight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A tickle fight is a playful <a href="/wiki/Leisure" title="Leisure">leisure activity</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which two people, or sometimes more, tickle each other to the point where one of the participants gives up.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It can occur as a sudden outburst without consensus about it,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> or as a carefully designed challenge with clear ground rules.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tickle fighting is similar to <a href="/wiki/Pillow_fight" title="Pillow fight">pillow fighting</a>, in the sense that they are both silly and playful activities, usually not taken too seriously.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Tickle fighting is especially enjoyed by young children.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tickle fight should not be confused with <a href="/wiki/Tickle_torture" title="Tickle torture">tickle torture</a>, which is an abusive and serious torturing method.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A participant in a tickle fight can be called a tickler.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-slate_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_aspects">Social aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tickling&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Social aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher_-_Le_sommeil_interrompu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher_-_Le_sommeil_interrompu.jpg/220px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher_-_Le_sommeil_interrompu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher_-_Le_sommeil_interrompu.jpg/330px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher_-_Le_sommeil_interrompu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher_-_Le_sommeil_interrompu.jpg/440px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher_-_Le_sommeil_interrompu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>François Boucher – Le sommeil interrompu</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> theorized on the link between tickling and social relations, arguing that tickling provokes laughter through the anticipation of pleasure.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a stranger tickles a child without any preliminaries, catching the child by surprise, the likely result will be not laughter but withdrawal and displeasure. Darwin also noticed that for tickling to be effective, you must not know the precise point of stimulation in advance, and reasoned that this is why most people cannot effectively tickle themselves. </p><p>Darwin explained why we laugh when we are tickled by saying, "The imagination is sometimes said to be tickled by a ludicrous idea; and this so-called tickling of the mind is curiously analogous with that of the body. Laughter from being tickled [is manifestly a] reflex action; and likewise this is shown by the minute unstriped muscles, which serve to erect the separate hairs on the body".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tickling is defined by many <a href="/wiki/Child_psychologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Child psychologist">child psychologists</a> as an integral <a href="/wiki/Human_bonding" title="Human bonding">bonding</a> activity between parents and children.<sup id="cite_ref-Fagen_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fagen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the parent–child concept, tickling establishes at an early age the pleasure associated with being touched by a parent with a trust-bond developed so that parents may touch a child, in an unpleasant way, should circumstances develop such as the need to treat a painful injury or prevent them from harm or danger.<sup id="cite_ref-Fagen_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fagen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This tickling relationship continues throughout childhood and often into the early to mid <a href="/wiki/Teenage" class="mw-redirect" title="Teenage">teen</a> years. </p><p>Another tickling social relationship is that which forms between siblings of relatively the same age.<sup id="cite_ref-Fagen_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fagen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many case studies have indicated that siblings often use tickling as an alternative to outright <a href="/wiki/Violence" title="Violence">violence</a> when attempting to either punish or intimidate one another. The sibling tickling relationship can occasionally develop into an anti-social situation, or <a href="/wiki/Tickle_torture" title="Tickle torture">tickle torture</a>, where one sibling will tickle the other without mercy. The motivation behind tickle torture is often to portray the sense of <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">domination</a> the tickler has over the victim.<sup id="cite_ref-Fagen_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fagen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with parents and siblings, tickling serves as a bonding mechanism between friends, and is classified by <a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">psychologists</a> as part of the fifth and highest grade of <a href="/wiki/Play_(activity)" title="Play (activity)">social play</a> which involves special <a href="/wiki/Intimacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Intimacy">intimacy</a> or "<a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">cognitive interaction</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Fagen_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fagen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suggests that tickling works best when all the parties involved feel comfortable with the situation and one another.<sup id="cite_ref-Moran_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moran-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can also serve as an outlet for sexual energy during adolescence,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a number of people have stated in a study that their private areas were ticklish.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Selden_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selden-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While many people assume that other people enjoy tickling, a recent survey of 84 college students indicated that only 32% of respondents enjoy being tickled, with 32% giving neutral responses and 36% stating that they do not enjoy being tickled.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study also found a very high level of embarrassment and anxiety associated with tickling. However, in the same study the authors found that the facial indicators of happiness and amusement do not correlate, with some people who indicated that they do not enjoy being tickled actually smiling more often during tickling than those who indicated that they do enjoy being tickled,<sup id="cite_ref-Harris2_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which suggests that the facial indicators are not produced in response to the same emotions as under typical circumstances. It has also been suggested that people may enjoy tickling <i>because</i> it elicits laughter as well as the feeling of being tickled. Social psychologists find that mimicking expressions generally cause people to some degree experience that emotion.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Excessive tickling has been described as a primary sexual obsession and, under these circumstances, is sometimes considered a form of <a href="/wiki/Paraphilia" title="Paraphilia">paraphilia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tickling can also be a form of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moran_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moran-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tickling&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Some of history's greatest thinkers have pondered the mysteries of the tickle response, including <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Assayer" title="The Assayer">The Assayer</a></i>, Galileo philosophically examines tickling in the context of how we perceive reality:<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p> When touched upon the soles of the feet, for example, it feels in addition to the common sensation of touch a sensation on which we have imposed a special name, "tickling." This sensation belongs to us and not to the hand... A piece of paper or a feather drawn lightly over any part of our bodies performs intrinsically the same operations of moving and touching, but by touching the eye, the nose, or the upper lip it excites in us an almost intolerable titillation, even though elsewhere it is scarcely felt. This titillation belongs entirely to us and not to the feather; if the live and sensitive body were removed it would remain no more than a mere word.</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> believed that humorous laughter requires a "light" frame of mind. But they differed on ticklish laughter: Darwin thought that the same light state of mind was required, whereas Bacon disagreed. When tickled, noted Bacon, "men even in a grieved state of mind, yet cannot sometimes forbear laughing."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One hypothesis, as mentioned above, is that tickling serves as a pleasant bonding experience between parent and child.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this hypothesis does not adequately explain why many children and adults find tickling to be an unpleasant experience. Another view maintained is that tickling develops as a prenatal response and that the development of sensitive areas on the fetus helps to orient the fetus into favourable positions while in the womb.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is unknown why certain people find areas of the body to be more ticklish than others; additionally, studies have shown that there is no significant difference in ticklishness among the <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">genders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinstein_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinstein-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1924, J. C. Gregory proposed that the most ticklish places on the body were also those areas that were the most vulnerable during hand-to-hand <a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">combat</a>. He posited that ticklishness might confer an <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolutionary</a> advantage by enticing the individual to protect these areas. Consistent with this idea, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a> psychiatrist Donald W. Black observed that most ticklish spots are found in the same places as the protective <a href="/wiki/Reflex" title="Reflex">reflexes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A third, hybrid hypothesis, has suggested that tickling encourages the development of combat skills.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most tickling is done by parents, siblings and friends and is often a type of rough-and-tumble play, during which time children often develop defensive and combat moves. Although people generally make movements to get away from, and report disliking, being tickled, laughter encourages the tickler to continue. If the facial expressions induced by tickle were less pleasant the tickler would be less likely to continue, thus diminishing the frequency of these combat lessons. </p><p>To understand how much of the tickle response is dependent on the interpersonal relationship of the parties involved, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Christenfeld" title="Nicholas Christenfeld">Christenfeld</a> and Harris presented subjects with a "mechanical tickle machine". They found that the subjects laughed just as much when they believed they were being tickled by a machine as when they thought they were being tickled by a person.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harris goes on to suggest that the tickle response is reflex, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Startle_reflex" class="mw-redirect" title="Startle reflex">startle reflex</a>, that is contingent upon the element of surprise.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Self-tickling">Self-tickling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tickling&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Self-tickling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The question as to why a person could not tickle themselves was raised by the Greek philosopher <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Knismesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Knismesis">Knismesis</a> may represent a <a href="/wiki/Vestigial_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestigial structure">vestige</a> of the primitive grooming response, in effect; knismesis serves as a "non-self detector" and protects the subject against foreign objects. Perhaps due to the importance of knismesis in protection, this type of light touch is not dependent on the element of <a href="/wiki/Surprise_(emotion)" title="Surprise (emotion)">surprise</a> and it is possible for one to induce self-knismesis, by light touching.<sup id="cite_ref-Selden_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selden-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gargalesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gargalesis">Gargalesis</a>, on the other hand, produces an odd phenomenon: when a person touches "ticklish" parts on their own body no tickling sensation is experienced. It is thought that the tickling requires a certain amount of surprise, and because tickling oneself produces no unexpected motion on the skin, the response is not activated.<sup id="cite_ref-Selden_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selden-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, Blakemore and colleagues analyzed the "self-tickle" response by using <a href="/wiki/MRI" class="mw-redirect" title="MRI">MRI</a> technology to investigate how the <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> distinguishes between sensations we create for ourselves and sensations others create for us. When subjects used a <a href="/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick">joystick</a> to control a "tickling robot", they could not make themselves laugh. This suggests that when a person tries to tickle themselves, the <a href="/wiki/Cerebellum" title="Cerebellum">cerebellum</a> sends to the <a href="/wiki/Somatosensory_cortex" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatosensory cortex">somatosensory cortex</a> precise information on the position of the tickling target and therefore what sensation to expect. Apparently an unknown <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_cortex" title="Cerebral cortex">cortical</a> mechanism then decreases or inhibits the tickling sensation.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the reasons for the inhibition of the tickling sensation during self-tickling remain unknown, research shows that the human brain is trained to know what sensation to expect when the body moves or performs an action.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another reason may be the lack of awareness of many sensations arising from self-movement, such as not paying attention to one's own vocal cords. When we try to tickle ourselves by grabbing our sides, the brain foresees this contact between body and hand and prepares itself for it. This removes the feeling of unease and panic, causing the body to not react to tickling in the same way it would if someone else supplied the stimulus. </p><p>However, some people with schizophrenia have the ability to tickle themselves. Non-pathological individuals high in schizotypical traits also have a greater self-tickling ability than people low in schizotypical traits. This is suggested to possibly correlate with a less pronounced ability of these people to track and attribute the results of their own actions.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_physical_abuse">As physical abuse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tickling&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: As physical abuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tickle_torture" title="Tickle torture">Tickle torture</a></div> <p>Although some consensual tickling can be a positive, playful experience, non-consensual tickling can be frightening, uncomfortable, and painful for the recipient. <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Heger" title="Heinz Heger">Heinz Heger</a>, a man imprisoned in the <a href="/wiki/Flossenb%C3%BCrg_concentration_camp" title="Flossenbürg concentration camp">Flossenbürg concentration camp</a> during World War II, witnessed <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> prison guards perform tickle torture on a fellow inmate. He describes this incident in his book <i>The Men with the Pink Triangle</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The first game that the SS sergeant and his men played was to tickle their victim with goose feathers, on the soles of his feet, between his legs, in the armpits, and on other parts of his naked body. At first the prisoner forced himself to keep silent, while his eyes twitched in fear and torment from one SS man to the other. Then he could not restrain himself and finally he broke out in a high-pitched laughter that very soon turned into a cry of pain, while the tears ran down his face, and his body twisted against his chains. After this tickling torture, they let the lad hang there for a little, while a flood of tears ran down his cheeks and he cried and sobbed uncontrollably." </p><p>An article in the <i><a href="/wiki/British_Medical_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="British Medical Journal">British Medical Journal</a></i> describes a European method of tickle torture in which a goat was compelled to lick the victim's feet after they had been dipped in salt water. Once the goat had licked the salt off, the victim's feet would be dipped in the salt water again and the process would repeat itself.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In ancient Japan, authority figures could administer punishments to those convicted of crimes that were beyond the criminal code. This was called <i>shikei</i>, which translates as 'private punishment'. One such torture was <i>kusuguri-zeme</i>: "merciless tickling."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Vernon Wiehe's book <i>Sibling Abuse</i>, he published his research findings regarding 150 adults who were abused by their siblings during childhood. Several reported tickling as a type of physical abuse they experienced, and based on these reports it was revealed that abusive tickling is capable of provoking extreme physiological reactions in the victim, such as vomiting, incontinence (losing control of bladder), and loss of consciousness due to inability to breathe.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tickling&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feeling" title="Feeling">Feeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tickling_fetishism" class="mw-redirect" title="Tickling fetishism">Tickling fetishism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tickling&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobson2015" class="citation web cs1">Robson, David (9 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150109-why-you-cant-tickle-yourself">"Why can't you tickle yourself?"</a>. <i>BBC</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Why+can%27t+you+tickle+yourself%3F&rft.date=2015-01-09&rft.aulast=Robson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ffuture%2Fstory%2F20150109-why-you-cant-tickle-yourself&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATickling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlssonPetrovicSkarePetersson2000" class="citation journal cs1">Carlsson K, Petrovic P, Skare S, Petersson KM, Ingvar M (2000). "Tickling expectations: neural processing in anticipation of a sensory stimulus". <i>Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience</i>. <b>12</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">691–</span>703. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2F089892900562318">10.1162/089892900562318</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11858%2F00-001M-0000-0013-391D-A">11858/00-001M-0000-0013-391D-A</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10936920">10936920</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1232651">1232651</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cognitive+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Tickling+expectations%3A+neural+processing+in+anticipation+of+a+sensory+stimulus&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E691-%3C%2Fspan%3E703&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11858%2F00-001M-0000-0013-391D-A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1232651%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10936920&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2F089892900562318&rft.aulast=Carlsson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Petrovic%2C+P&rft.au=Skare%2C+S&rft.au=Petersson%2C+KM&rft.au=Ingvar%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATickling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedWilsonMacDonaldBehnke1998" class="citation journal cs1">Fried I, Wilson CL, MacDonald KA, Behnke EJ (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35536">"Electric current stimulates laughter"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>391</b> (6668): 650. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Natur.391..650F">1998Natur.391..650F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35536">10.1038/35536</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9490408">9490408</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4305989">4305989</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Electric+current+stimulates+laughter&rft.volume=391&rft.issue=6668&rft.pages=650&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F35536&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4305989%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9490408&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998Natur.391..650F&rft.aulast=Fried&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Wilson%2C+CL&rft.au=MacDonald%2C+KA&rft.au=Behnke%2C+EJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F35536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATickling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFry_WF1992" class="citation journal cs1">Fry WF (1992). "The physiologic effects of humor, mirth, and laughter". <i>JAMA</i>. <b>267</b> (13): <span class="nowrap">1857–</span>1858. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.267.13.1857">10.1001/jama.267.13.1857</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1545471">1545471</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=The+physiologic+effects+of+humor%2C+mirth%2C+and+laughter&rft.volume=267&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1857-%3C%2Fspan%3E1858&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.267.13.1857&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1545471&rft.au=Fry+WF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATickling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>"Different Types of Laughter Modulate Connectivity within Distinct Parts of the Laughter Perception Network." Dirk Wildgruber, Diana P. Szameitat, Thomas Ethofer, Carolin Brück, Kai Alter, Wolfgang Grodd, Benjamin Kreifelts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tickling&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dictionary.reference.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary.reference.com_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary.reference.com_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/tickling+?s=t">"Tickling"</a>. Dictionary.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tickling&rft.pub=Dictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Ftickling%2B%3Fs%3Dt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATickling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hallallin-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hallallin_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallAllin1897" class="citation journal cs1">Hall, G. Stanley; Allin, Arthur (October 1897). "The psychology of tickling, laughing and the comic". <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Journal_of_Psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Journal of Psychology">The American Journal of Psychology</a></i>. <b>9</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>42. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1411471">10.2307/1411471</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1411471">1411471</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=The+psychology+of+tickling%2C+laughing+and+the+comic&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.date=1897-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1411471&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1411471%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=G.+Stanley&rft.au=Allin%2C+Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATickling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selden,_S._T._2004-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Selden,_S._T._2004_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Selden,_S._T._2004_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelden2004" class="citation journal cs1">Selden, S. 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"Tickle". <i>Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology</i>. <b>50</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">93–</span>97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0190-9622%2803%2902737-3">10.1016/s0190-9622(03)02737-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14699372">14699372</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Dermatology&rft.atitle=Tickle&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E93-%3C%2Fspan%3E97&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0190-9622%2803%2902737-3&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14699372&rft.aulast=Selden&rft.aufirst=S.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATickling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPankseppBurgdorf2003" class="citation journal cs1">Panksepp J, Burgdorf J (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psych.umn.edu/courses/fall06/macdonalda/psy4960/Readings/PankseppRatLaugh_P&B03.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Laughing" rats and the evolutionary antecedents of human joy?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Physiol. 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(February 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Freud S.</a> "Three contributions to the theory of sex." In: <i>The Basic Writings of Freud</i>. New York: Modern Library; 1938.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/02/06/the-surprising-reasons-why-we-tickle-one-another/">"The surprising reasons why we tickle one another"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. 6 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+surprising+reasons+why+we+tickle+one+another&rft.date=2016-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fspeaking-of-science%2Fwp%2F2016%2F02%2F06%2Fthe-surprising-reasons-why-we-tickle-one-another%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATickling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selden-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Selden_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Selden_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Selden_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelden_ST2004" class="citation journal cs1">Selden ST (2004). 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Chedd-Angier Production Company. 2000–2001. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060101000000/http://www.pbs.org/saf/1105">Archived</a> from the original on 2006-01-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scientific+American+Frontiers&rft.pub=Chedd-Angier+Production+Company&rft.date=2000%2F2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chedd-angier.com%2Ffrontiers%2Fseason11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATickling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digest.bps.org.uk/2016/03/22/people-with-schizophrenia-like-traits-can-tickle-themselves-whereas-most-people-cant/">"People with schizophrenia-like traits can tickle themselves (Whereas most people can't)"</a>. <i>Research Digest</i>. 22 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+Digest&rft.atitle=People+with+schizophrenia-like+traits+can+tickle+themselves+%28Whereas+most+people+can%27t%29&rft.date=2016-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigest.bps.org.uk%2F2016%2F03%2F22%2Fpeople-with-schizophrenia-like-traits-can-tickle-themselves-whereas-most-people-cant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATickling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLametti2010" class="citation news cs1">Lametti, Daniel (21 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=tit-for-tat-delusions">"Can't Tickle Yourself? That's a Good Thing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Can%27t+Tickle+Yourself%3F+That%27s+a+Good+Thing&rft.date=2010-12-21&rft.aulast=Lametti&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3Dtit-for-tat-delusions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATickling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heger, Heinz. <i>The Men With the Pink Triangle</i>. Boston: Alyson Publications, 1980. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavin_Yamey2001" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Yamey" title="Gavin Yamey">Gavin Yamey</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1120948">"Torture: European Instruments of Torture and Capital Punishment from the Middle Ages to present"</a>. <i>British Medical Journal</i>. <b>323</b> (7308): 346. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.323.7308.346">10.1136/bmj.323.7308.346</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1120948">1120948</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Torture%3A+European+Instruments+of+Torture+and+Capital+Punishment+from+the+Middle+Ages+to+present&rft.volume=323&rft.issue=7308&rft.pages=346&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1120948%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.323.7308.346&rft.au=Gavin+Yamey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1120948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATickling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schreiber, Mark. <i>The Dark Side: Infamous Japanese Crimes and Criminals</i>. Japan: Kodansha International, 2001. p. 71.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wiehe, Vernon. <i>Sibling Abuse: Hidden Physical, Emotional, and Sexual Trauma</i>. New York: Lexington Books, 1990. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tickling&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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