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<input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Friedrich L. Bauer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1" title="فريدريش باور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريدريش باور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="فریدریش ال باوئر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فریدریش ال باوئر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_L._Bauer" title="Friedrich L. Bauer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Friedrich L. Bauer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_L._Bauer" title="Friedrich L. Bauer – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Friedrich L. Bauer" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="فریدریش ال باوئر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فریدریش ال باوئر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_L._Bauer" title="Friedrich L. Bauer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Friedrich L. Bauer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Bauer" title="Friedrich Ludwig Bauer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Friedrich Ludwig Bauer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Bauer" title="Friedrich Bauer – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Friedrich Bauer" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_L._Bauer" title="Friedrich L. Bauer – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Friedrich L. Bauer" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BD._%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8C%E0%B5%BC" title="ഫ്രീഡ്രിക്ക് എൽ. ബൌർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രീഡ്രിക്ക് എൽ. ബൌർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="فريدريش باور (مؤرخ الرياضيات من المانيا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريدريش باور (مؤرخ الرياضيات من المانيا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_L._Bauer" title="Friedrich L. Bauer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Friedrich L. Bauer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Bauer" title="Friedrich Ludwig Bauer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Friedrich Ludwig Bauer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%80,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Бауэр, Фридрих Людвиг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бауэр, Фридрих Людвиг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_L._Bauer" title="Friedrich L. Bauer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Friedrich L. Bauer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Bauer" title="Friedrich Ludwig Bauer – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Friedrich Ludwig Bauer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_L._Bauer" title="Friedrich L. Bauer – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Friedrich L. Bauer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q68604#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_L._Bauer" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"F. L. Bauer" redirects here. For the Austrian botanical illustrator, see <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Bauer" title="Ferdinand Bauer">Ferdinand Bauer</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Friedrich Ludwig Bauer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:FriedrichLudwigBauer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/FriedrichLudwigBauer.jpg/220px-FriedrichLudwigBauer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/FriedrichLudwigBauer.jpg/330px-FriedrichLudwigBauer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/FriedrichLudwigBauer.jpg/440px-FriedrichLudwigBauer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1285" data-file-height="1714" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Friedrich Ludwig Bauer</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1924-06-10</span>)</span>10 June 1924<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Germany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 March 2015<span style="display:none">(2015-03-26)</span> (aged 90)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit%C3%A4t" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität">Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stack_(data_structure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stack (data structure)">Stack (data structure)</a><br />Sequential Formula Translation<br /><a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">Software engineering</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bauer%E2%80%93Fike_theorem" title="Bauer–Fike theorem">Bauer–Fike theorem</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a> 2nd Class, <br /><a href="/wiki/Bundesverdienstkreuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesverdienstkreuz">Bundesverdienstkreuz</a> 1st Class,<br />IEEE <a href="/wiki/Computer_Pioneer_Award" title="Computer Pioneer Award">Computer Pioneer Award</a> (1988)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Applied_mathematics" title="Applied mathematics">Applied mathematics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mainz" title="University of Mainz">University of Mainz</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Munich" title="Technical University of Munich">Technical University of Munich</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Theses</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i> Group-theoretic investigations of the theory of spin wave equations </i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1952)</span></li> <li><i> On quadratically convergent iteration methods for solving algebraic equations and eigenvalue problems </i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1954)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Bopp" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritz Bopp">Fritz Bopp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Aumann" title="Georg Aumann">Georg Aumann</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Broy" title="Manfred Broy">Manfred Broy</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Gries" title="David Gries">David Gries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Stoer" title="Josef Stoer">Josef Stoer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wynn_(mathematician)" title="Peter Wynn (mathematician)">Peter Wynn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Zenger" title="Christoph Zenger">Christoph Zenger</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Friedrich Ludwig</b> "<b>Fritz</b>" <b>Bauer</b> (10 June 1924 – 26 March 2015) was a German pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> and professor at the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Munich" title="Technical University of Munich">Technical University of Munich</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_L._Bauer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bauer earned his <a href="/wiki/Abitur" title="Abitur">Abitur</a> in 1942 and served in the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> during World War II, from 1943 to 1945. From 1946 to 1950, he studied mathematics and <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics">theoretical physics</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit%C3%A4t" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität">Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität</a> in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>. Bauer received his <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Doctor of Philosophy</a> (Ph.D.) under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Bopp" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritz Bopp">Fritz Bopp</a> for his thesis <i>Gruppentheoretische Untersuchungen zur Theorie der Spinwellengleichungen</i> ("Group-theoretic investigations of the theory of spin wave equations") in 1952. He completed his <a href="/wiki/Habilitation" title="Habilitation">habilitation</a> thesis <i>Über quadratisch konvergente Iterationsverfahren zur Lösung von algebraischen Gleichungen und Eigenwertproblemen</i> ("On quadratically convergent iteration methods for solving algebraic equations and eigenvalue problems") in 1954 at the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Munich" title="Technical University of Munich">Technical University of Munich</a>. After teaching as a <i><a href="/wiki/Privatdozent" title="Privatdozent">privatdozent</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich</a> from 1954 to 1958, he became extraordinary professor for applied mathematics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mainz" title="University of Mainz">University of Mainz</a>. Since 1963, he worked as a professor of mathematics and (since 1972) computer science at the Technical University of Munich. He retired in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-GutenbergBiographics2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GutenbergBiographics2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_L._Bauer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FriedrichLBauer29-05-1995.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/FriedrichLBauer29-05-1995.jpg/220px-FriedrichLBauer29-05-1995.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/FriedrichLBauer29-05-1995.jpg/330px-FriedrichLBauer29-05-1995.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/FriedrichLBauer29-05-1995.jpg/440px-FriedrichLBauer29-05-1995.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>Friedrich L. Bauer at the editors' meeting of Informatik Spektrum on 29 May 1995.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bauer's early work involved constructing computing machinery (e.g. the logical relay computer STANISLAUS from 1951–1955<sup id="cite_ref-Hashigen_2002_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hashigen_2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). In this context, he was the first to propose the widely used <a href="/wiki/Stack_(data_structure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stack (data structure)">stack method</a> of expression evaluation. </p><p>Bauer was a member of the committees that developed the <a href="/wiki/Imperative_programming" title="Imperative programming">imperative</a> computer <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming languages</a> <a href="/wiki/ALGOL_58" title="ALGOL 58">ALGOL 58</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GAMM_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAMM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its successor <a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">ALGOL 60</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-IFIP_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IFIP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> important predecessors to all modern imperative programming languages. For ALGOL 58, Bauer was with the German <i><a href="/wiki/Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Angewandte_Mathematik_und_Mechanik" title="Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik">Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik</a></i> (GAMM, Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics) which worked with the American <i><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a></i> (ACM).<sup id="cite_ref-GAMM_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAMM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For ALGOL 60, Bauer was with the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Information_Processing" title="International Federation for Information Processing">International Federation for Information Processing</a> (IFIP) <a href="/wiki/IFIP_Working_Group_2.1" title="IFIP Working Group 2.1">IFIP Working Group 2.1</a> on Algorithmic Languages and Calculi,<sup id="cite_ref-IFIP_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IFIP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which <a href="/wiki/Specification_(technical_standard)" title="Specification (technical standard)">specified</a>, maintains, and supports the languages ALGOL 60 and <a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68" title="ALGOL 68">ALGOL 68</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Swierstra_2011_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swierstra_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bauer was an influential figure in establishing <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> as an independent subject in German universities, which until then was usually considered part of <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>. In 1967, he held the first lecture in computer science at a German university at the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Munich" title="Technical University of Munich">Technical University of Munich</a>, titled <i>Information Processing</i>. By 1972, computer science had become an independent academic discipline at the TUM. In 1992, it was separated from the <a href="/wiki/TUM_Department_of_Mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="TUM Department of Mathematics">Department of Mathematics</a> to form an independent <a href="/wiki/TUM_Department_of_Informatics" class="mw-redirect" title="TUM Department of Informatics">Department of Informatics</a>, though Bauer had retired from his chair in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-TUM_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TUM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968, he coined the term <i><a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a></i> which has been in widespread use since, and has become a discipline in computer science. </p><p>His scientific contributions spread from <a href="/wiki/Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis">numerical analysis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bauer%E2%80%93Fike_theorem" title="Bauer–Fike theorem">Bauer–Fike theorem</a>) and fundamentals of interpretation and translation of programming languages, to his later works on systematics of program development, especially <a href="/wiki/Program_transformation" title="Program transformation">program transformation</a> methods and systems (CIP-S) and the associated <a href="/wiki/Wide-spectrum_language" title="Wide-spectrum language">wide-spectrum language</a> system CIP-L. He also wrote a well-respected book on <a href="/wiki/Cryptology" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptology">cryptology</a>, <i>Decrypted secrets</i>, now in its fourth edition. </p><p>He was the <a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">doctoral advisor</a> of 39 students, including <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Berghammer" title="Rudolf Berghammer">Rudolf Berghammer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Broy" title="Manfred Broy">Manfred Broy</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Gries" title="David Gries">David Gries</a>, Manfred Paul, Gerhard Seegmüller, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Stoer" title="Josef Stoer">Josef Stoer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wynn_(mathematician)" title="Peter Wynn (mathematician)">Peter Wynn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Zenger" title="Christoph Zenger">Christoph Zenger</a>. </p><p>Friedrich Bauer was one of the 19 founding members of the <a href="/wiki/German_Informatics_Society" title="German Informatics Society">German Informatics Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Krückeberg_2001_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krückeberg_2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was editor of the <a href="/wiki/Informatik_Spektrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Informatik Spektrum">Informatik Spektrum</a> from its founding in 1978, and held that position until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-IS_2015_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IS_2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Friedrich Bauer was married to Hildegard Bauer-Vogg. He was the father of three sons and two daughters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_of_software_engineering">Definition of software engineering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_L._Bauer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Definition of software engineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bauer was a colleague of the German Representative the NATO Science Committee. In 1967, NATO had been discussing 'The Software Crisis' and Bauer had suggested the term 'Software Engineering' as a way to conceive of both the problem and the solution.<sup id="cite_ref-MacKenzie_2001_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacKenzie_2001-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, Bauer published the following definition of software engineering: </p><p>"Establishment and use of sound engineering principles to economically obtain software that is reliable and works on real machines efficiently."<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer_1972_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer_1972-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_L._Bauer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1992, the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Munich" title="Technical University of Munich">Technical University of Munich</a> has awarded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_L._Bauer_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich L. Bauer Prize (page does not exist)">Friedrich L. Bauer Prize</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.L.-Bauer-Preis" class="extiw" title="de:F.L.-Bauer-Preis">de</a>]</span> in computer science. </p><p>In 2014, the Technical University of Munich renamed their largest <a href="/wiki/Lecture_hall" title="Lecture hall">lecture hall</a> in the <a href="/wiki/TUM_Department_of_Informatics" class="mw-redirect" title="TUM Department of Informatics">Department of Informatics</a> building after him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_L._Bauer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a> 2nd Class</li> <li>1968: Member of the <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavarian Academy of Sciences">Bavarian Academy of Sciences</a> in mathematics and science class</li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Order_of_Merit" title="Bavarian Order of Merit">Bavarian Order of Merit</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Exner_Medal" title="Wilhelm Exner Medal">Wilhelm Exner Medal</a> (Austria).<sup id="cite_ref-WEM_2015_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WEM_2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Bundesverdienstkreuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesverdienstkreuz">Federal Merit Cross</a> 1st Class</li> <li>1984: Member of the <a href="/wiki/German_Academy_of_Sciences_Leopoldina" class="mw-redirect" title="German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina">German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Maximilian_Order_for_Science_and_Art" title="Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art">Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art</a></li> <li>1987: Honorary Member of the Society for computer science</li> <li>1988: Golden Ring of Honour of the German Museum</li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Computer_Pioneer_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE Computer Pioneer Award">IEEE Computer Pioneer Award</a></li> <li>1997: Heinz-Maier-Leibnitz Medal from the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Munich" title="Technical University of Munich">Technical University of Munich</a></li> <li>1998: corresponding member of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Austrian Academy of Sciences">Austrian Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li>2002: Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Museum" title="Deutsches Museum">Deutsches Museum</a></li> <li>2004: Silver Medal of Merit of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_doctorates">Honorary doctorates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_L._Bauer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Honorary doctorates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1974: Honorary Doctor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Grenoble" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Grenoble">University of Grenoble</a></li> <li>1989: Honorary Doctor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Passau" title="University of Passau">University of Passau</a></li> <li>1998: Honorary doctorate from the <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr_University_Munich" title="Bundeswehr University Munich">Bundeswehr University Munich</a> (Neubiberg)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_L._Bauer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSamelsonBauer1960" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Samelson" title="Klaus Samelson">Samelson, Klaus</a>; Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig (February 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F366959.366968">"Sequential Formula Translation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Communications_of_the_ACM" title="Communications of the ACM">Communications of the ACM</a></i>. <b>3</b> (2): 76–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F366959.366968">10.1145/366959.366968</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16646147">16646147</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Sequential+Formula+Translation&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=76-83&rft.date=1960-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F366959.366968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A16646147%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Samelson&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft.au=Bauer%2C+Friedrich+Ludwig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F366959.366968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriedrich+L.+Bauer" class="Z3988"></span>, a very influential paper on compilers</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumannFelicianoBauerSamelson1964" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Baumann_(Mathematiker)" class="extiw" title="de:Richard Baumann (Mathematiker)">Baumann, Richard</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span>; Feliciano, Manuel; Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig; <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Samelson" title="Klaus Samelson">Samelson, Klaus</a> (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoal00baum"><i>Introduction to ALGOL – A primer for the non-specialist, emphasizing the practical uses of the algorithmic language</i></a>. Series in Automatic Computation. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: <a href="/wiki/Prentice-Hall,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Prentice-Hall, Inc.">Prentice-Hall, Inc.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-477828-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-477828-6"><bdi>0-13-477828-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/64-10740">64-10740</a>. ark:/13960/t6qz35p37<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+ALGOL+%E2%80%93+A+primer+for+the+non-specialist%2C+emphasizing+the+practical+uses+of+the+algorithmic+language&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+New+Jersey%2C+USA&rft.series=Series+in+Automatic+Computation&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F64-10740&rft.isbn=0-13-477828-6&rft.aulast=Baumann&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Feliciano%2C+Manuel&rft.au=Bauer%2C+Friedrich+Ludwig&rft.au=Samelson%2C+Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoal00baum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriedrich+L.+Bauer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauer1987" class="citation book cs1">Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig (1987). <i>The Munich Project CIP: Volume II: The Programme Transformation System CIP-S (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)</i>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-5401-8779-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-5401-8779-0"><bdi>978-3-5401-8779-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Munich+Project+CIP%3A+Volume+II%3A+The+Programme+Transformation+System+CIP-S+%28Lecture+Notes+in+Computer+Science%29&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-3-5401-8779-0&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+Ludwig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriedrich+L.+Bauer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauerWirsing1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig; <a href="/wiki/Martin_Wirsing" title="Martin Wirsing">Wirsing, Martin</a> (March 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ff58BwAAQBAJ"><i>Elementare Aussagenlogik</i></a> (in German). Berlin – Heidelberg, Germany: <a href="/wiki/Springer-Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer-Verlag">Springer-Verlag</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-52974-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-52974-8"><bdi>3-540-52974-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elementare+Aussagenlogik&rft.place=Berlin+%E2%80%93+Heidelberg%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1991-03&rft.isbn=3-540-52974-8&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+Ludwig&rft.au=Wirsing%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFf58BwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriedrich+L.+Bauer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauer2006" class="citation book cs1">Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig (2006). <i><a href="/wiki/Books_on_cryptography#History_of_cryptography" class="mw-redirect" title="Books on cryptography">Decrypted Secrets: Methods and Maxims of Cryptology</a>, 4th edition</i>. New York, USA: <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-5402-4502-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-5402-4502-5"><bdi>978-3-5402-4502-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decrypted+Secrets%3A+Methods+and+Maxims+of+Cryptology%2C+4th+edition&rft.place=New+York%2C+USA&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-5402-4502-5&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+Ludwig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriedrich+L.+Bauer" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_L._Bauer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GutenbergBiographics2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GutenbergBiographics2016_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg-biographics.ub.uni-mainz.de/id/f197cbba-1453-4ffd-8de6-24d75a2dece6.html">"Verzeichnis der Professorinnen und Professoren der Universität Mainz"</a>. <i>Gutenberg Biographics</i> (in German). Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gutenberg+Biographics&rft.atitle=Verzeichnis+der+Professorinnen+und+Professoren+der+Universit%C3%A4t+Mainz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg-biographics.ub.uni-mainz.de%2Fid%2Ff197cbba-1453-4ffd-8de6-24d75a2dece6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriedrich+L.+Bauer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hashigen_2002-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hashigen_2002_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHashigenKeil-SlawikNorberg2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name">Hashigen, Ulf; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Keil_(Informatiker)" class="extiw" title="de:Reinhard Keil (Informatiker)">Keil-Slawik, Reinhard</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span>; <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lawrence_Norberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Lawrence Norberg">Norberg, Arthur Lawrence</a>, eds. (2002). <i>History of Computing: Software Issues</i>. Berlin Heidelberg New York: <a href="/wiki/Springer-Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer-Verlag">Springer-Verlag</a>. pp. 15–16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-07653-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-07653-4"><bdi>978-3-642-07653-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Computing%3A+Software+Issues&rft.place=Berlin+Heidelberg+New+York&rft.pages=15-16&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-3-642-07653-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriedrich+L.+Bauer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GAMM-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GAMM_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GAMM_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlis1981" class="citation conference cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Perlis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Jay Perlis">Perlis, Alan Jay</a> (1981). "Talk on Computing in the Fifties". <i>ACM National Conference. Nashville, Tennessee</i>. Los Alamito, California, 1995: (Transcript in J. A. N. Lee (ed.), Computer Pioneers, IEEE Computer Society Press. pp. 545–556.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Talk+on+Computing+in+the+Fifties&rft.btitle=ACM+National+Conference.+Nashville%2C+Tennessee&rft.place=Los+Alamito%2C+California%2C+1995&rft.pages=545-556&rft.pub=%28Transcript+in+J.+A.+N.+Lee+%28ed.%29%2C+Computer+Pioneers%2C+IEEE+Computer+Society+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Perlis&rft.aufirst=Alan+Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriedrich+L.+Bauer" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_conference" title="Template:Cite conference">cite conference</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IFIP-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IFIP_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IFIP_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeuringMeertensGuttmann2016" class="citation web cs1">Jeuring, Johan; <a href="/wiki/Lambert_Meertens" title="Lambert Meertens">Meertens, Lambert</a>; Guttmann, Walter (2016-08-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifipwg21wiki.cs.kuleuven.be/IFIP21/Profile">"Profile of IFIP Working Group 2.1"</a>. <i>Foswiki</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Doaitse; <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Gibbons" title="Jeremy Gibbons">Gibbons, Jeremy</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lambert_Meertens" title="Lambert Meertens">Meertens, Lambert</a> (2011-03-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifipwg21wiki.cs.kuleuven.be/IFIP21/ScopeEtc">"ScopeEtc: IFIP21: Foswiki"</a>. <i>Foswiki</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TUM+Department+of+Informatics&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.in.tum.de%2Fen%2Fthe-department%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriedrich+L.+Bauer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krückeberg_2001-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Krückeberg_2001_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Kr%C3%BCckeberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz Krückeberg (page does not exist)">Fritz Krückeberg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Kr%C3%BCckeberg" class="extiw" title="de:Fritz Krückeberg">de</a>]</span>: Die Geschichte der GI, p. 14; 2nd edition, November 2001, Gesellschaft für Informatik. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://gi.de/fileadmin/GI/Hauptseite/Themen/geschichte-der-gi.pdf">[1]</a>, retrieved 9 February 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IS_2015-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IS_2015_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Informatik Spektrum Volume 38, Issue 2, April 2015: Imprint Page A4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacKenzie_2001-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacKenzie_2001_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKenzie2001" class="citation book cs1">MacKenzie, Donald (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QiMS8t4V_0cC&pg=PA34"><i>Mechanizing Proof: Computing, Risk, and Trust</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>. pp. 34–36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-13393-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-13393-8"><bdi>0-262-13393-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mechanizing+Proof%3A+Computing%2C+Risk%2C+and+Trust&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=34-36&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-262-13393-8&rft.aulast=MacKenzie&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQiMS8t4V_0cC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriedrich+L.+Bauer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bauer_1972-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bauer_1972_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauer1972" class="citation book cs1">Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig (1972). "Software Engineering". <i>Information Processing</i>. p. 71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Software+Engineering&rft.btitle=Information+Processing&rft.pages=71&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+Ludwig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriedrich+L.+Bauer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WEM_2015-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WEM_2015_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Editor, ÖGV. (2015). Wilhelm Exner Medal. Austrian Trade Association. ÖGV. Austria.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_L._Bauer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Friedrich_Ludwig_Bauer" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Friedrich Ludwig Bauer">Friedrich Ludwig Bauer</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170712053858/https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/107106">Oral history interview with Friedrich L. Bauer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Babbage Institute">Charles Babbage Institute</a>, University of Minnesota. Bauer discusses his education and early research, including the European side of the development of <a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a>, as well as his later work in numerical analysis and programming languages.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717003344/http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/brian.randell/NATO/N1968/BAUER.html">Photograph of Friedrich L. Bauer</a> (provided by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Randell" title="Brian Randell">Brian Randell</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/oleary/cggg/bauer.pdf">Bauer about Rutishauser at a symposium at the ETH Zürich in 2002</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=21232">Friedrich L. Bauer</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:bauer.friedrich-ludwig">Author profile</a> in the database <a href="/wiki/Zentralblatt_MATH" class="mw-redirect" title="Zentralblatt MATH">zbMATH</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ALGOL_programming" title="Template:ALGOL programming"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ALGOL_programming" title="Template talk:ALGOL programming"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ALGOL_programming" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ALGOL programming"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ALGOL_programming" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a> programming</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">Implementations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Technical<br />standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_58" title="ALGOL 58">ALGOL 58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">ALGOL 60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68" title="ALGOL 68">ALGOL 68</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dialect_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialect (computing)">Dialects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_ALGOL" title="ABC ALGOL">ABC ALGOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALCOR" title="ALCOR">ALCOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGO" title="ALGO">ALGO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68C" title="ALGOL 68C">ALGOL 68C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68-R" title="ALGOL 68-R">ALGOL 68-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68RS" title="ALGOL 68RS">ALGOL 68RS</a> (<a href="/wiki/ELLA_(programming_language)" title="ELLA (programming language)">ELLA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68S" title="ALGOL 68S">ALGOL 68S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_N" title="ALGOL N">ALGOL N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_W" title="ALGOL W">ALGOL W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_X" title="ALGOL X">ALGOL X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Autocode" title="Atlas Autocode">Atlas Autocode</a> (<a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_IMP" title="Edinburgh IMP">Edinburgh IMP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Large_Systems#ALGOL" title="Burroughs Large Systems">Burroughs ALGOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORAL" title="CORAL">CORAL</a> 66</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_ALGOL_30" title="Dartmouth ALGOL 30">Dartmouth ALGOL 30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DASK" title="DASK">DASK</a> ALGOL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DG/L" title="DG/L">DG/L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_ALGOL" title="Elliott ALGOL">Elliott ALGOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Systems_Problem_Oriented_Language" title="Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language">Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language</a> (ESPOL) → New Executive Programming Language (<a href="/wiki/NEWP" title="NEWP">NEWP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLACC" title="FLACC">FLACC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMP_(programming_language)" title="IMP (programming language)">IMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JOVIAL" title="JOVIAL">JOVIAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_KDF9" title="English Electric KDF9">Kidsgrove</a> Algol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAD_(programming_language)" title="MAD (programming language)">MAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_(programming_language)" title="Mary (programming language)">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NELIAC" title="NELIAC">NELIAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL/2" title="RTL/2">RTL/2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-algol" title="S-algol">S-algol</a>, <a href="/wiki/PS-algol" title="PS-algol">PS-algol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napier88" title="Napier88">Napier88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a></li> <li>Small Machine ALGOL Like Language (<a href="/wiki/SMALL" title="SMALL">SMALL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMIL_(computer)" title="SMIL (computer)">SMIL</a> ALGOL</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Formalism_(philosophy_of_mathematics)" title="Formalism (philosophy of mathematics)">Formalisms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jensen%27s_device" title="Jensen's device">Jensen's device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Wijngaarden_grammar" title="Van Wijngaarden grammar">Van Wijngaarden grammar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_practice" title="Community of practice">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">Professional<br />associations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALCOR" title="ALCOR">ALCOR</a> Group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a> (ACM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSI_Group" title="BSI Group">BSI Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOST" title="GOST">Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification</a> (EASC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Information_Processing" title="International Federation for Information Processing">International Federation for Information Processing</a> (IFIP) <a href="/wiki/IFIP_Working_Group_2.1" title="IFIP Working Group 2.1">IFIP Working Group 2.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Angewandte_Mathematik_und_Mechanik" title="Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik">Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics</a> (GAMM)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Corporation" title="Burroughs Corporation">Burroughs Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Brothers_(computer_company)" title="Elliott Brothers (computer company)">Elliott Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnecentralen" title="Regnecentralen">Regnecentralen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester University">Manchester University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Radar_Establishment" title="Royal Radar Establishment">Royal Radar Establishment</a> (RRE)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_58" title="ALGOL 58">ALGOL 58</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Backus" title="John Backus">John Backus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Friedrich L. Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Bottenbruch" title="Hermann Bottenbruch">Hermann Bottenbruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Katz" title="Charles Katz">Charles Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Perlis" title="Alan Perlis">Alan Perlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Rutishauser" title="Heinz Rutishauser">Heinz Rutishauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Samelson" title="Klaus Samelson">Klaus Samelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry_Wegstein" title="Joseph Henry Wegstein">Joseph Henry Wegstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MAD_(programming_language)" title="MAD (programming language)">MAD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Arden" title="Bruce Arden">Bruce Arden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Galler" title="Bernard Galler">Bernard Galler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Graham_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert M. Graham (computer scientist)">Robert M. Graham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">ALGOL 60</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Backus^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Carl_Backhouse" title="Roland Carl Backhouse">Roland Carl Backhouse</a></li> <li>Bauer^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bird_(computer_scientist)" title="Richard Bird (computer scientist)">Richard Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bourne" title="Stephen R. Bourne">Stephen R. Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">Edsger W. Dijkstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Ershov" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrey Ershov">Andrey Ershov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Floyd" title="Robert W. Floyd">Robert W. Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Gibbons" title="Jeremy Gibbons">Jeremy Gibbons</a></li> <li>Julien Green</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gries" title="David Gries">David Gries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hehner" title="Eric Hehner">Eric Hehner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Hoare" title="Tony Hoare">Tony Hoare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Jensen" title="Jørn Jensen">Jørn Jensen</a></li> <li>Katz^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Landin" title="Peter Landin">Peter Landin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Maibaum" title="Tom Maibaum">Tom Maibaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conor_McBride" title="Conor McBride">Conor McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_Morgan_(computer_scientist)" title="Carroll Morgan (computer scientist)">Carroll Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">Peter Naur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Nivat" title="Maurice Nivat">Maurice Nivat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._L._Peck" title="John E. L. Peck">John E. L. Peck</a></li> <li>Perlis^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Randell" title="Brian Randell">Brian Randell</a></li> <li>Rutishauser^</li> <li>Samelson^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_T._Schwartz" title="Jacob T. Schwartz">Jacob T. Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha_Sharir" title="Micha Sharir">Micha Sharir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turner_(computer_scientist)" title="David Turner (computer scientist)">David Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Vauquois" title="Bernard Vauquois">Bernard Vauquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiiti_Wada" title="Eiiti Wada">Eiiti Wada</a></li> <li>Wegstein^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriaan_van_Wijngaarden" title="Adriaan van Wijngaarden">Adriaan van Wijngaarden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Woodger" title="Mike Woodger">Mike Woodger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ole-Johan_Dahl" title="Ole-Johan Dahl">Ole-Johan Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Nygaard" title="Kristen Nygaard">Kristen Nygaard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68" title="ALGOL 68">ALGOL 68</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bauer^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_G._Bond" title="Susan G. Bond">Susan G. Bond</a></li> <li>Bourne^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dewar" title="Robert Dewar">Robert Dewar</a></li> <li>Dijkstra^</li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Goos" class="extiw" title="de:Gerhard Goos">Gerhard Goos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Guy" title="Michael Guy">Michael Guy</a></li> <li>Hoare^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_H._A._Koster" title="Cornelis H. A. Koster">Cornelis H. A. Koster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Landin" title="Peter Landin">Peter Landin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Lindsey" title="Charles H. Lindsey">Charles H. Lindsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_J._Mailloux" title="Barry J. Mailloux">Barry J. Mailloux</a></li> <li>McCarthy^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_Meertens" title="Lambert Meertens">Lambert Meertens</a></li> <li>Naur^</li> <li>Peck^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_van_der_Poel" title="Willem van der Poel">Willem van der Poel</a></li> <li>Randell^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_T._Ross" title="Douglas T. Ross">Douglas T. Ross</a></li> <li>Samelson^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sintzoff" title="Michel Sintzoff">Michel Sintzoff</a></li> <li>van Wijngaarden^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Wirth" title="Niklaus Wirth">Niklaus Wirth</a></li> <li>Woodger^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Woodward" title="Philip Woodward">Philip Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobuo_Yoneda" title="Nobuo Yoneda">Nobuo Yoneda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Abelson" title="Hal Abelson">Hal Abelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barnes_(computer_scientist)" title="John Barnes (computer scientist)">John Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Brooker" title="Tony Brooker">Tony Brooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Morrison" title="Ron Morrison">Ron Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Hearn" title="Peter O'Hearn">Peter O'Hearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Reynolds" title="John C. Reynolds">John C. Reynolds</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_Bulletin" title="ALGOL Bulletin">ALGOL Bulletin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparison</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_58#ALGOL_58's_influence_on_ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 58">ALGOL 58 influence on ALGOL 60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68#Comparisons_with_other_languages" title="ALGOL 68">ALGOL 68 to other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_ALGOL_68_and_C%2B%2B" title="Comparison of ALGOL 68 and C++">ALGOL 68 to C++</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>^ = full name and link in prior ALGOL version above</b><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Algol_programming_language_family" title="Category:Algol programming language family">Category: ALGOL</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:ALGOL_60" title="Category:ALGOL 60">Category: ALGOL 60</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68604#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68604#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68604#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/10427459X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79060105">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12371282c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12371282c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35015295">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2008419319&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068272375">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90123148">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000049168&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000160597&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/wt794vxf57rs3k1">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810671074805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/322738">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007279711305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058512526406706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00978494?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=21232">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/profile/81100160154">Association for Computing Machinery</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:bauer.friedrich-ludwig">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/66/3698">DBLP</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/32610">MathSciNet</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/friedrich-l-bauer/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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