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หนานหมาน - วิกิพีเดีย

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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&amp;returnto=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&amp;returnto=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&amp;returnto=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&amp;returnto=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-&quot;หนานหมาน&quot;_ก่อนยุคฉิน" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#&quot;หนานหมาน&quot;_ก่อนยุคฉิน"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>"หนานหมาน" ก่อนยุคฉิน</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-&quot;หนานหมาน&quot;_ก่อนยุคฉิน-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-&quot;หนานหมาน&quot;_ในฐานะคนนอกเผ่า" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#&quot;หนานหมาน&quot;_ในฐานะคนนอกเผ่า"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>"หนานหมาน" ในฐานะคนนอกเผ่า</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-&quot;หนานหมาน&quot;_ในฐานะคนนอกเผ่า-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ่านเพิ่มเติม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ่านเพิ่มเติม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>อ่านเพิ่มเติม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ่านเพิ่มเติม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">หนานหมาน</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 18 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanman" title="Nanman – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nanman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanman" title="Nanman – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nanman" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanman" title="Nanman – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nanman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نانمان – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نانمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanman" title="Nanman – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nanman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0m-m%C3%A0n" title="Nàm-màn – จีนแคะ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nàm-màn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="จีนแคะ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanman" title="Nanman – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nanman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%9B%AE" title="南蛮 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="南蛮" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%A7%8C" title="남만 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="남만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanman" title="Nanman – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nanman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanman" title="Nanman – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nanman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Наньмань – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Наньмань" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Південні варвари – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Південні варвари" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_Man" title="Nam Man – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nam Man" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9B%AE" title="蛮 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蛮" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%A0%BB" title="南蠻 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南蠻" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2m-b%C3%A2n" title="Lâm-bân – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lâm-bân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%A0%BB" title="南蠻 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="南蠻" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1352250#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา (ไม่มีหน้านี้) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&amp;action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&amp;oldid=10948458" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&amp;action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&amp;page=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&amp;id=10948458&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2599"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2599"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&amp;printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1352250" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">ชนเผ่าโบราณในภาคใต้ของจีน</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de;">หนานหมาน</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Huaxiasiyi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Huaxiasiyi.svg/220px-Huaxiasiyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Huaxiasiyi.svg/330px-Huaxiasiyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Huaxiasiyi.svg/440px-Huaxiasiyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="456" /></a></span><div>ภูมิศาสตร์ของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A7" title="ราชวงศ์โจว">ราชวงศ์โจว</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%BA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="หฺวาเซี่ย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">หฺวาเซี่ย</a>ถูกล้อมรอบด้วย<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="สี่อนารยชน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สี่อนารยชน</a> ได้แก่ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ตงอี๋ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ตงอี๋</a>ทางเหนือ หนานหมานทางใต้ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ซีหรง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซีหรง</a>ทางตะวันตก และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="เป่ย์ตี๋ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เป่ย์ตี๋</a>ทางเหนือ</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1" title="อักษรจีนตัวเต็ม">อักษรจีนตัวเต็ม</a></th><td><span style="font-size: 1rem"><span title="ข้อความภาษาจีน"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%A0%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:南蠻">南蠻</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="อักษรจีนตัวย่อ">อักษรจีนตัวย่อ</a></th><td><span style="font-size: 1rem"><span title="ข้อความภาษาจีน"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%9B%AE" class="extiw" title="wikt:南蛮">南蛮</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;">ความหมายตามตัวอักษร</th><td>หมานใต้</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc;">การถอดเสียง</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาจีนมาตรฐาน">ภาษาจีนกลางมาตรฐาน</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%BA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ฮั่นยฺหวี่พินอิน">ฮั่นยฺหวี่พินอิน</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Nánmán</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94-%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เวด-ไจลส์">เวด-ไจลส์</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Nan-man</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ภาษาฮากกา">ภาษาฮากกา</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD" title="พักฟ้าซื้อ">พักฟ้าซื้อ</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Nàm-màn</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษากวางตุ้งมาตรฐาน">ภาษากวางตุ้งมาตรฐาน</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%BA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="ยฺหวิดเพ็ง">ยฺหวิดเพ็ง</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Naam4 Maan4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="ภาษาหมิ่นใต้">ภาษาหมิ่นใต้</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="เป่อ่วยยี (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เป่อ่วยยี</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ภาษาฮกเกี้ยน">ภาษาฮกเกี้ยน</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Lâm-bân</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwanese_Romanization_System&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Taiwanese Romanization System (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไถหลัว</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Lâm-bân</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษาหมิ่นตะวันออก">ภาษาหมิ่นตะวันออก</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="ปั่งงั่วเจ๋ย์">ปั่งงั่วเจ๋ย์</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ภาษาฮกจิว (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ภาษาฮกจิว</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Nàng-màng</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Tianxia_zh-hans.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Tianxia_zh-hans.svg/200px-Tianxia_zh-hans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Tianxia_zh-hans.svg/300px-Tianxia_zh-hans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Tianxia_zh-hans.svg/400px-Tianxia_zh-hans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption>แผนที่ซื่ออี๋แบบเอาจีนเป็นศูนย์กลาง</figcaption></figure> <p><b>หนานหมาน</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1" title="อักษรจีนตัวเต็ม">จีน</a>&#58; <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%A0%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:南蠻">南蠻</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%BA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="ยฺหวิดเพ็ง">ยฺหวิดเพ็ง</a>&#58; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Naam4 Maan4</span></i>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="เป่อ่วยยี (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เป่อ่วยยี</a>&#58; <i><span lang="nan-Latn">Lâm-bân</span></i>, <i><abbr title="การแปลตรงตัว">แปลว่า</abbr> อนารยชนทางใต้</i>) เดิมเป็นชื่อเรียกของชนเผ่าบางกลุ่มในภาคใต้ของจีน โดย 3 ราชวงศ์ ในสมัย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2" title="ราชวงศ์เซี่ย">ราชวงศ์เซี่ย</a>จนถึงสมัย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A7" title="ราชวงศ์โจว">ราชวงศ์โจว</a> หรือ ชนชาติในที่ราบลุ่มภาคกลาง<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ชาวฮั่น">ชนชาติฮั่น</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ซึ่งวิวัฒนาการมาจากชนเผ่าต่าง ๆ ใน<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="จิ่วโจว (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">จิ่วโจว</a>สืบทอดชื่อนี้และใช้แทนชนชาติต่างชาติที่ไม่ใช่ชาวฮั่นในภาคใต้ ในมุมมองแบบเอาชาวจีนเป็นศูนย์กลางแล้ว <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ซีหรง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซีหรง</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ตงอี๋ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ตงอี๋</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="เป่ย์ตี๋ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เป่ย์ตี๋</a> และ<b>หนานหมาน</b> ถูกเรียกรวมกันว่า<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ซื่ออี๋ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซื่ออี๋</a> (四夷) </p><p>บางแนวคิดบ่งบอกให้เห็นว่าดินแดนของราชวงศ์<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="ซ่งใต้">ซ่งใต้</a> ในอดีตถูก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%8C)" title="มองโกล (กลุ่มชาติพันธุ์)">ชาวมองโกล</a> เรียกว่า <b>หมานจึกั๋ว</b> (蠻子國) ซึ่งหมายถึงแดนเถื่อน<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ส่วน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9" title="ชาวแมนจู">ชาวแมนจู</a>เรียกชาวฮั่นว่า <b>หมานจึ</b> (蠻子)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> และ กองทัพราชวงศ์ชิงเองก็เรียกชาวฮั่นว่า <b>หมานจึ</b> (蠻子)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="&quot;หนานหมาน&quot;_ก่อนยุคฉิน"><span id=".22.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.22_.E0.B8.81.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.89.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.99"></span>"หนานหมาน" ก่อนยุคฉิน</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: &quot;หนานหมาน&quot; ก่อนยุคฉิน"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>กษัตริย์แห่งฉู่เคยเรียกตัวเองว่า <b>หมานอี๋</b> (蠻夷)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ชาวจิ้นและชาวเจิ้งต่างก็เรียกพวกเขาว่า<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="จิงหมาน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">จิงหมาน</a> (荊蠻)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> และต่อมาชาวฉู่ก็กลายเป็นหนึ่งในกลุ่มที่ถูกเรียกว่า <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="จูเซี่ย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">จูเซี่ย</a> (諸夏)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> นอกจากนี้ ราชวงศ์โจวใช้คำว่า 蠻 เรียกกลุ่มชนเผ่าอื่น ๆ ในสมัยนั้น เช่นพวก เยวี่ย (越), ยง (庸), ไป่ผู (百濮), ปา (巴), สู่ (蜀), เจียวเหยา (僬僥), เต่าอี๋ (島夷), ซานเหมียว (三苗) เหออี๋ (和夷) </p><p>นักวิชาการชื่อ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="หลู เหม่ย์ซง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">หลู เหม่ย์ซง</a> (盧美松) เชื่อว่า 蠻 เป็นคำที่เรียกตัวเอง หมายถึง "คน, ประชนชน"<sup id="cite_ref-簡榮聰_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-簡榮聰-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>นักภาษาศาสตร์ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%8B_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ไป๋ อีผิง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไป๋ อีผิง</a> (白一平) และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ซาเจียเอ่อร์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซาเจียเอ่อร์</a> (沙加爾) ได้รื้อฟื้นการสร้างการออกเสียงของภาษาจีนโบราณขึ้นมาใหม่ แล้วมองว่า 蠻 ในภาษาจีนโบราณออกเสียงว่า <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">*mˤro[n]</span> ซึ่งคล้ายกับคำว่า 閩 ซึ่งใช้เรียกกลุ่มชนเผ่าทางใต้ซึ่งอ่านว่า <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">*mrə[n]</span> มาก<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="สวี ซวี่เซิง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สวี ซวี่เซิง</a> (徐旭生) มองว่าต้นกำเนิดที่สำคัญทั้งสามของชาวจีนคือเผ่า<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="หัวเซี่ย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">หัวเซี่ย</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ตงอี๋ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ตงอี๋</a> และ <b>หนานหมาน</b><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="&quot;หนานหมาน&quot;_ในฐานะคนนอกเผ่า"><span id=".22.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.22_.E0.B9.83.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.90.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.81.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9C.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.B2"></span>"หนานหมาน" ในฐานะคนนอกเผ่า</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: &quot;หนานหมาน&quot; ในฐานะคนนอกเผ่า"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>พวกต่างชาติที่จัดอยู่ในกลุ่มหนานหมานได้แก่: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="เลิมเอิ๊บ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">หลินอี๋</a> (林邑), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="อาณาจักรฟูนาน">ฝูหนาน</a> (扶南)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, เหลียวเหริน (獠人)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, หลี่จู๋ (俚族)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_-_%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อาณาจักรพัน - พัน">ผานผาน</a> (盤盤), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0" title="อาณาจักรลังกาสุกะ">หลางหยาซิว</a> (狼牙脩) , <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="อาณาจักรสิงหล (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซือจึกั๋ว</a> (師子國)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="อาณาจักรน่านเจ้า">หนานเจ้า</a> (南詔), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2" title="อาณาจักรศรีวิชัย">ซื่อลี่ฝัวซื่อ</a> (室利佛逝), หนานผิงเหลียว (南平獠), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9" title="ปยู">เปียวกั๋ว</a> (驃國), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0" title="เจนละ">เจินลา</a> (真臘), ตงเซี่ยหมาน (東謝蠻), ซีเจ้าหมาน (西趙蠻) ฯลฯ </p><p>ตั้งแต่สมัย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2" title="ราชวงศ์สุย">ราชวงศ์สุย</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="ราชวงศ์ถัง">ถัง</a> ชนกลุ่มน้อยทางตอนใต้เรียกว่า<b>ถงหมาน</b> (峒蠻) และ <b>ต้งหมาน</b> (洞蠻) ในช่วงราชวงศ์ชิง มีบางส่วนมองว่า<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐข่านซูงการ์">ชาวซูงการ์</a> เรียกชาวแมนจูว่า <b>หมานจึ</b><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>南蠻 ในวัฒนธรรม<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ญี่ปุ่น">ญี่ปุ่น</a>หมายถึง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="ชาวยุโรป">ชาวยุโรป</a>ตั้งแต่ได้เริ่มทำการค้ากับยุโรปในศตวรรษที่ 15 (ดูรายละเอียดที่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="ศิลปะนัมบัง">ศิลปะนัมบัง</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ่านเพิ่มเติม"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.B4.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A1.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.A1"></span>อ่านเพิ่มเติม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ่านเพิ่มเติม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/周書/卷49#南蠻">周書·卷49</a>》,出自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A4%E7%8B%90%E5%BE%B7%E6%A3%BB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="令狐德棻 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">令狐德棻</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E4%B9%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="周书 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">周書</a>》</dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/舊唐書/卷197#南蠻">舊唐書·卷197</a>》,出自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E6%98%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="刘昫 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">刘昫</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A7%E5%94%90%E4%B9%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="旧唐书 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">舊唐書</a>》</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%94%E9%9B%85&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="尔雅 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">尔雅</a>·释地》:“九夷、七戎、六蛮,谓之四海。”<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%AD%E7%92%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="郭璞 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">郭璞</a>注:“六蛮在南。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180525113339/http://www.china.com.cn/culture/aboutchina/hz09/2009-09/24/content_18592527.htm">"汉族名称的来历"</a>. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.com.cn/culture/aboutchina/hz09/2009-09/24/content_18592527.htm">แหล่งเดิม</a>เมื่อ 2018-05-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2018-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A5%E5%8E%86&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.com.cn%2Fculture%2Faboutchina%2Fhz09%2F2009-09%2F24%2Fcontent_18592527.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《中国历史文物》编辑部,《中國歷史文物》(第1-6期),2008年,第26頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《明實錄.神宗.卷五百二十四》萬曆四十二年九月壬戌,廵按山東御史翟鳳翀疏言:「自奴酋反側...向來夷漢一家,墩臺俱廢哨瞭不設,夷人假入市伺虛實,漢人亦出邊透漏消息,且聞高淮一撤參隨司房等役半投東夷,與近年懼罪脫逃之人俱以奴寨為窟穴,奴酋特築一城居之,號曰蠻子城,其人往來內地,人不知覺...。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《嘉定乙酉紀事》:「丁每遇一人,輒呼蠻子獻寶,其入悉取腰纏奉之,意滿方釋。遇他兵,勒取如前。所獻不多,輒砍三刀。至物盡則殺。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《史記.卷四十.楚世家第十》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">劉寶才《先秦史》,五南圖書出版,第330頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《左傳.襄公十三年》秋,楚共王卒,子囊謀諡,大夫曰:「君有命矣。」子囊曰:「君命以共,若之何毀之?赫赫楚國,而君臨之,撫有蠻夷,奄征南海,以屬諸夏。而知其過,可不謂共乎!請謚之共。」大夫從之。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《史記·太史公自序》春秋之後,陪臣秉政,彊國相王;以至于秦,卒并諸夏,滅封地,擅其號。作六國年表第三。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-簡榮聰-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-簡榮聰_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREF簡榮聰" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">簡榮聰. "〈臺閩文化的歷史觀(下)〉". <i>《臺灣源流》</i> (ภาษาจีนกลางสำเนียงไต้หวัน). 台灣: 臺灣省各姓淵源硏究學會 (第21期).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%BA%90%E6%B5%81%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.atitle=%E3%80%88%E8%87%BA%E9%96%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%A7%80%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%89%E3%80%89&amp;rft.issue=%E7%AC%AC21%E6%9C%9F&amp;rft.au=%E7%B0%A1%E6%A6%AE%E8%81%B0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baxter, William H. and Laurent Sagart. 2014. <i>Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction</i>. Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-994537-5" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-994537-5">978-0-19-994537-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">徐旭生《中國古史的傳說時代》:「華夏、夷、蠻三族實為秦漢間所稱中國人的三個主要來源。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《晉書.卷九十七.列傳第六十七.四夷傳.南蠻》條</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《南齊書卷五十八》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《魏書.卷一百一.列傳第八十九》:「獠者,蓋南蠻之別種。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《宋書卷九十七》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《梁書卷五十四》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《大義覺迷錄》:「滿洲人皆恥附於漢人之列,準噶爾呼滿洲為蠻子,滿洲聞之,莫不忿恨之。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFRatliff2010" class="citation book cs1">Ratliff, Martha (2010). <i>Hmong–Mien language history</i>. <a href="/wiki/Canberra" class="mw-redirect" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia">Australia</a>: Pacific Linguistics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-85883-615-7" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-85883-615-7"><bdi>0-85883-615-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Hmong%E2%80%93Mien+language+history&amp;rft.place=Canberra%2C+Australia&amp;rft.pub=Pacific+Linguistics&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=0-85883-615-7&amp;rft.aulast=Ratliff&amp;rft.aufirst=Martha&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐ccb4d9f9f‐gwzl6 Cached time: 20241107200014 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.393 seconds Real time usage: 0.513 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1970/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 46452/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2357/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 17976/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.261/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 19574010/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 469.942 1 -total 95.94% 450.848 5 แม่แบบ:Infobox 51.15% 240.354 1 แม่แบบ:Chinese 41.33% 194.209 1 แม่แบบ:Infobox_Chinese/Chinese 35.68% 167.656 2 แม่แบบ:Lang 18.92% 88.916 1 แม่แบบ:Cite_web 12.24% 57.512 1 แม่แบบ:Short_description 6.59% 30.983 1 แม่แบบ:Pagetype 4.09% 19.216 2 แม่แบบ:IPA 3.39% 15.919 1 แม่แบบ:ISBN --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key thwiki:pcache:idhash:1304153-0!canonical and timestamp 20241107200014 and revision id 10948458. 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