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vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Petrosix process</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Process type</th><td class="infobox-data">Chemical</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industrial sector(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">Chemical industry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Oil_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil industry">oil industry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Feedstock</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">oil shale</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Product(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shale_oil" title="Shale oil">shale oil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leading companies</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inventor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developer(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Petrosix</b> is the world's largest surface <a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">oil shale</a> <a href="/wiki/Pyrolysis" title="Pyrolysis">pyrolysis</a> retort with an 11 metres (36 ft) diameter vertical shaft <a href="/wiki/Kiln" title="Kiln">kiln</a>, operational since 1992. It is located in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Mateus_do_Sul" title="São Mateus do Sul">São Mateus do Sul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, and it is owned and operated by the Brazil energy company <a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a>. Petrosix means also the Petrosix process, an externally generated hot gas technology of <a href="/wiki/Shale_oil_extraction" title="Shale oil extraction">shale oil extraction</a>. The technology is tailored to <a href="/wiki/Irati,_Paran%C3%A1" title="Irati, Paraná">Irati</a> oil shale formation, a <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a> <a href="/wiki/Formation_(stratigraphy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation (stratigraphy)">formation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_Basin" title="Paraná Basin">Paraná Basin</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrosix&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Petrobras started oil shale processing activities in 1953 by developing Petrosix technology for extracting oil from oil shale of the Irati formation. A 5.5 metres (18 ft) inside diameter semi-works retort (the Irati Profile Plant) with capacity of 2,400 <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">tons</a> per day, was brought on line in 1972, and began limited commercial operation in 1980. The first retort that used current Petrosix technology was a 0.2 metres (0.7 ft) internal diameter retort pilot plant started in 1982. It was followed by a 2 metres (6.6 ft) retort demonstration plant in 1984. A 11 metres (36 ft) retort was brought into service in December 1991, and commercial production started in 1992. The company operates two retorts which process 8,500 tons of oil shale daily.<sup id="cite_ref-fossilenergy_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fossilenergy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-qian_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retort">Retort</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrosix&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Retort"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Petrosix 11 metres (36 ft) vertical shaft retort is the world's largest operational surface oil shale pyrolysis reactor.<sup id="cite_ref-fossilenergy_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fossilenergy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-laherrere_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laherrere-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameron Engineers">Cameron Engineers</a>. The retort has the upper pyrolysis section and lower shale coke cooling section. The retort capacity is 6,200 tons of oil shale per day, and it yields a nominal daily output of 3,870 barrels of <a href="/wiki/Shale_oil" title="Shale oil">shale oil</a> (i.e., 550 tons of oil, approximately 1 ton of oil per 11 tons of shale), 132 tons of <a href="/wiki/Oil_shale_gas" title="Oil shale gas">oil shale gas</a>, 50 tons of liquefied oil shale gas, and 82 tons of sulfur.<sup id="cite_ref-fossilenergy_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fossilenergy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-qian_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Process">Process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrosix&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Petrosix is one of four technologies of shale oil extraction in commercial use.<sup id="cite_ref-qian_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an above-ground retorting technology, which uses externally generated hot gas for the oil shale pyrolysis.<sup id="cite_ref-AICHE_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AICHE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After mining, the shale is transported by trucks to a crusher and screens, where it is reduced to particles (lump shale). These particles are between 12 millimetres (0.5 in) and 75 millimetres (3.0 in) and have an approximately parallelepipedic shape.<sup id="cite_ref-brazil_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brazil-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These particles are transported on a belt to a vertical cylindrical vessel, where the shale is heated up to about 500 °C (932 °F) for pyrolysis.<sup id="cite_ref-qian_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oil shale enters through the top of the retort while hot gases are injected into the middle of the retort. The oil shale is heated by the gases as it moves down. As a result, the <a href="/wiki/Kerogen" title="Kerogen">kerogen</a> in the shale decomposes to yield oil vapor and more gas. Cold gas is injected into the bottom of the retort to cool and recover heat from the <a href="/wiki/Spent_shale" title="Spent shale">spent shale</a>. Cooled spent shale is discharged through a water seal with drag conveyor below the retort. Oil mist and cooled gases are removed through the top of the retort and enter a wet <a href="/wiki/Electrostatic_precipitator" title="Electrostatic precipitator">electrostatic precipitator</a> where the oil droplets are coalesced and collected. The gas from the precipitator is compressed and split into three parts.<sup id="cite_ref-jordan_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jordan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One part of the compressed retort gas is heated in a furnace to 600 °C (1,112 °F) and recirculated back to the middle of the retort for heating and pyrolyzing the oil shale, and another part is circulated cold into the bottom of the retort, where it cools down the spent shale, heats up itself, and ascends into the pyrolysis section as a supplementary heat source for heating the oil shale. The third part undergoes further cooling for light oil (naphtha) and water removal and then sent to the gas treatment unit, where fuel gas and <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">liquefied petroleum gas</a> (LPG) are produced and sulfur recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-petrobras_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petrobras-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One drawback of this process is that the potential heat from the combustion of the char contained in the shale is not utilized.<sup id="cite_ref-qian_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also oil shale particles smaller than 12 millimetres (0.5 in) can not be processed in the Petrosix retort. 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Process">Alberta Taciuk Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiviter_process" title="Kiviter process">Kiviter process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOSCO_II_process" title="TOSCO II process">TOSCO II process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun_process" title="Fushun process">Fushun process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraho_process" title="Paraho process">Paraho process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurgi-Ruhrgas_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Lurgi-Ruhrgas process">Lurgi-Ruhrgas process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_Basin" title="Paraná Basin">Paraná Basin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrosix&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fossilenergy-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fossilenergy_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fossilenergy_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fossilenergy_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJohnson,_Harry_R.Crawford,_Peter_M.Bunger,_James_W.2004" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, Harry R.; Crawford, Peter M.; Bunger, James W. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/reserves/npr/publications/npr_strategic_significancev2.pdf">"Strategic significance of America's oil shale resource. Volume II: Oil shale resources, technology and economics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Office of Deputy Assistant Secretary for Petroleum Reserves; Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves; <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Strategic+significance+of+America%27s+oil+shale+resource.+Volume+II%3A+Oil+shale+resources%2C+technology+and+economics&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Harry+R.&rft.au=Crawford%2C+Peter+M.&rft.au=Bunger%2C+James+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fossil.energy.gov%2Fprograms%2Freserves%2Fnpr%2Fpublications%2Fnpr_strategic_significancev2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetrosix" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qian-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-qian_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qian_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qian_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qian_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qian_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQianWang_Jianqiu2006" class="citation conference cs1">Qian, Jialin; Wang Jianqiu (2006-11-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527234146/http://www.sdnp.jo/International_Oil_Conference/rtos-A118.pdf"><i>World oil shale retorting technologies</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Oil Shale Conference. <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>: Jordanian Natural Resources Authority. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdnp.jo/International_Oil_Conference/rtos-A118.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2008-05-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=World+oil+shale+retorting+technologies&rft.place=Amman%2C+Jordan&rft.pub=Jordanian+Natural+Resources+Authority&rft.date=2006-11-07&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=Jialin&rft.au=Wang+Jianqiu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdnp.jo%2FInternational_Oil_Conference%2Frtos-A118.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetrosix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-laherrere-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-laherrere_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaherrère2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Laherr%C3%A8re" title="Jean Laherrère">Laherrère, Jean</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928004607/http://www.hubbertpeak.com/laherrere/OilShaleReview200509.pdf">"Review on oil shale data"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Hubbert Peak. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hubbertpeak.com/laherrere/OilShaleReview200509.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Review+on+oil+shale+data&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Laherr%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hubbertpeak.com%2Flaherrere%2FOilShaleReview200509.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetrosix" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AICHE-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AICHE_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnhamMcConaghy2006" class="citation conference cs1">Burnham, Alan K.; McConaghy, James R. (2006-10-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160213164539/https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/341283.pdf"><i>Comparison of the acceptability of various oil shale processes</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 26th Oil shale symposium. Golden: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a>. p. 17. UCRL-CONF-226717. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/341283.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Comparison+of+the+acceptability+of+various+oil+shale+processes&rft.place=Golden&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Lawrence+Livermore+National+Laboratory&rft.date=2006-10-16&rft.aulast=Burnham&rft.aufirst=Alan+K.&rft.au=McConaghy%2C+James+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe-reports-ext.llnl.gov%2Fpdf%2F341283.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetrosix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brazil-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brazil_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPortoA._C._L._Lisbôa2006" class="citation journal cs1">Porto, P. S. S.; A. C. L. Lisbôa, A. C. L. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjce/v22n2/24917.pdf">"Modelling the drying of a parallelepipedic oil shale particle"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering</i>. <b>22</b> (2): 233–238. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0104-66322005000200010">10.1590/S0104-66322005000200010</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0104-6632">0104-6632</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brazilian+Journal+of+Chemical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Modelling+the+drying+of+a+parallelepipedic+oil+shale+particle&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=233-238&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS0104-66322005000200010&rft.issn=0104-6632&rft.aulast=Porto&rft.aufirst=P.+S.+S.&rft.au=A.+C.+L.+Lisb%C3%B4a%2C+A.+C.+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.br%2Fpdf%2Fbjce%2Fv22n2%2F24917.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetrosix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jordan-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jordan_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaberSladek,_Thomas_A.Mernitz,_ScottTarawneh,_T._M.2008" class="citation journal cs1">Jaber, Jamel O.; Sladek, Thomas A.; Mernitz, Scott; Tarawneh, T. M. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jjmie.hu.edu.jo/files/V2/004-v2-1.pdf">"Future Policies and Strategies for Oil Shale Development in Jordan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 31–44. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1995-6665">1995-6665</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jordan+Journal+of+Mechanical+and+Industrial+Engineering&rft.atitle=Future+Policies+and+Strategies+for+Oil+Shale+Development+in+Jordan&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31-44&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=1995-6665&rft.aulast=Jaber&rft.aufirst=Jamel+O.&rft.au=Sladek%2C+Thomas+A.&rft.au=Mernitz%2C+Scott&rft.au=Tarawneh%2C+T.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjjmie.hu.edu.jo%2Ffiles%2FV2%2F004-v2-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetrosix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-petrobras-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-petrobras_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The fuel gas or another fuel is used to heat the external furnace. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928020249/https://www.petrobras.com.br/minisite/refinarias/petrosix/ingles/processo/index.asp">"The Petrosix Process"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.petrobras.com.br/minisite/refinarias/petrosix/ingles/processo/index.asp">the original</a> on 2007-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Petrosix+Process&rft.pub=Petrobras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.petrobras.com.br%2Fminisite%2Frefinarias%2Fpetrosix%2Fingles%2Fprocesso%2Findex.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APetrosix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petrosix&oldid=1142440089">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petrosix&oldid=1142440089</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_shale_technology" title="Category:Oil shale technology">Oil shale technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_shale_in_Brazil" title="Category:Oil shale in Brazil">Oil shale in Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Petrobras" title="Category:Petrobras">Petrobras</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 11:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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