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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolf_Behrman_-_Talmudysci.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Adolf_Behrman_-_Talmudysci.jpg/250px-Adolf_Behrman_-_Talmudysci.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Adolf_Behrman_-_Talmudysci.jpg/375px-Adolf_Behrman_-_Talmudysci.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Adolf_Behrman_-_Talmudysci.jpg/500px-Adolf_Behrman_-_Talmudysci.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="485" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption" style="font-style:italic"><i>Talmud Readers</i> by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Behrman" title="Adolf Behrman">Adolf Behrman</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#9BB4EB"> Talmudic literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> <a href="/wiki/Tannaim" title="Tannaim">Tannaitic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> <a href="/wiki/Amoraim" title="Amoraim">Amoraic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gemara" title="Gemara">Gemara</a>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> Later</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minor_tractate" title="Minor tractate">Minor Tractates</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#9BB4EB"> <a href="/wiki/Midrash_halakha" title="Midrash halakha">Halakhic Midrash</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> Exodus</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mekhilta_of_Rabbi_Ishmael" title="Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael">Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekhilta_of_Rabbi_Shimon_bar_Yochai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai">Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> Leviticus</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sifra (Torat Kohanim)</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> Numbers and Deuteronomy</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sifre" title="Sifre">Sifre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sifri_Zutta" title="Sifri Zutta">Sifrei Zutta on Numbers</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Mekhilta_le-Sefer_Devarim" title="Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim">Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim</a>)</li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#9BB4EB"> <a href="/wiki/Aggadah" title="Aggadah">Aggadic Midrash</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> Tannaitic</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seder_Olam_Rabbah" title="Seder Olam Rabbah">Seder Olam Rabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_of_Rabbi_Akiva" title="Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva">Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baraita_of_the_Forty-nine_Rules" title="Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules">Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baraita_on_the_Thirty-two_Rules" title="Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules">Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baraita_on_the_Erection_of_the_Tabernacle" title="Baraita on the Erection of the Tabernacle">Baraita on the Erection of the Tabernacle</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> 400–600 CE</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rabbah" title="Genesis Rabbah">Genesis Rabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamentations_Rabbah" title="Lamentations Rabbah">Lamentations Rabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesikta_de-Rav_Kahana" title="Pesikta de-Rav Kahana">Pesikta de-Rav Kahana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Rabbah" title="Esther Rabbah">Esther Rabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash_Iyyob" title="Midrash Iyyob">Midrash Iyyob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviticus_Rabbah" title="Leviticus Rabbah">Leviticus Rabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seder_Olam_Zutta" title="Seder Olam Zutta">Seder Olam Zutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanhuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanhuma">Tanhuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megillat_Antiochus" title="Megillat Antiochus">Megillat Antiochus</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> 650–900 CE</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avot_de-Rabbi_Natan" title="Avot de-Rabbi Natan">Avot de-Rabbi Natan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirkei_De-Rabbi_Eliezer" title="Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer">Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanna_Devei_Eliyahu" title="Tanna Devei Eliyahu">Tanna Devei Eliyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_of_Sirach" title="Alphabet of Sirach">Alphabet of Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes_Rabbah" title="Ecclesiastes Rabbah">Ecclesiastes Rabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shir_HaShirim_Rabbah" title="Shir HaShirim Rabbah">Shir HaShirim Rabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy_Rabbah" title="Deuteronomy Rabbah">Deuteronomy Rabbah</a></li> <li>Devarim Zutta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesikta_Rabbati" title="Pesikta Rabbati">Pesikta Rabbati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash_Shmuel_(aggadah)" title="Midrash Shmuel (aggadah)">Midrash Shmuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash_Proverbs" title="Midrash Proverbs">Midrash Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Rabbah" title="Ruth Rabbah">Ruth Rabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baraita_of_Samuel" title="Baraita of Samuel">Baraita of Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum_Sheni" title="Targum Sheni">Targum Sheni</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> 900–1000 CE</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li>Ruth Zuta</li> <li>Eichah Zuta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash_Tehillim" title="Midrash Tehillim">Midrash Tehillim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash_Hashkem" title="Midrash Hashkem">Midrash Hashkem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_Rabbah" title="Exodus Rabbah">Exodus Rabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shir_ha-Shirim_Zutta" title="Shir ha-Shirim Zutta">Shir ha-Shirim Zutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iggeret_of_Rabbi_Sherira_Gaon" title="Iggeret of Rabbi Sherira Gaon">Iggeret of Rabbi Sherira Gaon</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> 1000–1200 CE</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midrash_Tadshe" title="Midrash Tadshe">Midrash Tadshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_haYashar_(midrash)" title="Sefer haYashar (midrash)">Sefer haYashar</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> Later</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yalkut_Shimoni" title="Yalkut Shimoni">Yalkut Shimoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalkut_haMachiri" title="Yalkut haMachiri">Yalkut haMachiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash_Jonah" title="Midrash Jonah">Midrash Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Yaakov" title="Ein Yaakov">Ein Yaakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash_HaGadol" title="Midrash HaGadol">Midrash HaGadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_Rabbah" title="Numbers Rabbah">Numbers Rabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smaller_midrashim" title="Smaller midrashim">Smaller midrashim</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#9BB4EB"> <a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Targum_Onkelos" title="Targum Onkelos">Targum Onkelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum_Pseudo-Jonathan" title="Targum Pseudo-Jonathan">Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a></li> <li>Fragment Targum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum_Neofiti" title="Targum Neofiti">Targum Neofiti</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Targum_Jonathan" title="Targum Jonathan">Targum Jonathan</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#becce8"> <a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li>Targum Tehillim</li> <li>Targum Mishlei</li> <li>Targum Iyyov</li> <li>Targum to the Five Megillot</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum_Sheni" title="Targum Sheni">Targum Sheni</a> to Esther</li> <li>Targum to Chronicles</li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rabbinic_Literature" title="Template:Rabbinic Literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rabbinic_Literature" title="Template talk:Rabbinic Literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rabbinic_Literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rabbinic Literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sifra</b> (<a href="/wiki/Jewish_Babylonian_Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Babylonian Aramaic language">Jewish Babylonian Aramaic</a>: <span lang="tmr" dir="rtl">סִפְרָא</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Jewish Babylonian Aramaic-language romanization"><i lang="tmr-Latn">sip̄rā</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'document') is the <a href="/wiki/Midrash_halakha" title="Midrash halakha">Midrash halakha</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Book of Leviticus</a>. It is frequently quoted in the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> and the study of it followed that of the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like Leviticus itself, the midrash is occasionally called <b>Torat Kohanim</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in two passages <i>Sifra debbe Rav</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authorship">Authorship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sifra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Authorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>, in the introduction to his <i><a href="/wiki/Yad_ha-Chazaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Yad ha-Chazaka">Yad ha-Ḥazaḳah</a></i>, and others<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have declared that the title <i>Sifra debbe Rav</i> indicates <a href="/wiki/Abba_Arikha" title="Abba Arikha">Abba Arikha</a> is the author. <a href="/wiki/I.H._Weiss" class="mw-redirect" title="I.H. Weiss">I.H. Weiss</a> attempts to support this.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His proofs are not conclusive, though neither are the opposing arguments of Friedmann,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who tries to show that the expression <i>Sifra debbe Rav</i> does not refer to the midrash under discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-je_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-je-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:lavender; font-size:115%;">Rabbinical eras</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chazal" title="Chazal">Chazal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zugot" title="Zugot">Zugot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tannaim" title="Tannaim">Tannaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoraim" title="Amoraim">Amoraim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoraim" title="Savoraim">Savoraim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geonim" title="Geonim">Geonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishonim" title="Rishonim">Rishonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharonim" title="Acharonim">Acharonim</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eras_of_the_Halakha" title="Template:Eras of the Halakha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eras_of_the_Halakha" title="Template talk:Eras of the Halakha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eras_of_the_Halakha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eras of the Halakha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Malbim" title="Malbim">Malbim</a> wrote in the introduction to his Sifra edition that <a href="/wiki/Hiyya_bar_Abba" title="Hiyya bar Abba">Hiyya bar Abba</a> was the redactor of the <i>Sifra</i>. There are no less than 39 passages in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a> and the midrashim in which expositions found also in the <i>Sifra</i> are quoted in the name of Ḥiyya,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the fact that no <a href="/wiki/Tannaim" title="Tannaim">tannaim</a> after <a href="/wiki/Judah_ha-Nasi" title="Judah ha-Nasi">Judah ha-Nasi</a> are mentioned in the <i>Sifra</i> supports the view that the book was composed during the time of that scholar. If Ḥiyya was its author, the title <i>Sifra debbe Rav</i> is to be explained as indicating that Sifra was among the midrashim accepted by his school and which came into general use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sifra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traces of R. <a href="/wiki/Judah_bar_Ilai" title="Judah bar Ilai">Judah bar Ilai</a>'s influence are less evident. The fact that the views expressed in some "setamot" agree with R. Judah's views<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has little significance. Such seṭamot may be opposed by others that contradict R. Judah's views.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-je_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-je-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All this, however, is no reason for attacking the above-mentioned assumption that the Sifra in its principal parts is a midrash of R. Judah's. <a href="/wiki/David_Zvi_Hoffmann" title="David Zvi Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a> remarks<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not incorrectly that Sifra Nedabah 4:12 agrees with the views of <a href="/wiki/R._Eliezer" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Eliezer">R. Eliezer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose decision R. Judah frequently accepts as handed down by his own father, <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Ilai_I" title="Rabbi Ilai I">R. Ila'i</a>, a pupil of R. Eliezer.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Sifra, <a href="/wiki/Emor" title="Emor">Emor</a>, 17:4 et seq. agrees with R. Eliezer's view.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aside from R. Judah's midrash, <a href="/wiki/R._%E1%B8%A4iyya" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Ḥiyya">R. Ḥiyya</a> may have used also R. Simeon's midrash,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although some of the passages mentioned there<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seem to prove little. More doubtful is the relation to <a href="/wiki/R._Ishmael" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Ishmael">R. Ishmael</a>'s midrash; and in this connection must be considered the question whether the citation of certain explanations of Leviticus introduced by the formula תנא דבי ר"י and actually found in Sifra is not in part due to confusion.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-je_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-je-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But to <a href="/wiki/R._Ishmael" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Ishmael">R. Ishmael</a>'s school undoubtedly belong the later additions to "'Arayot," which (according to <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4ag." class="mw-redirect" title="Ḥag.">Ḥag.</a> 1:1 and <a href="/wiki/Yer." class="mw-redirect" title="Yer.">Yer.</a> 1b) were not publicly taught in <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Akiva" title="Rabbi Akiva">R. Akiva</a>'s school; i.e., Aḥare, 13:3-15; Ḳedoshim, 9:1-7, 11:14,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and finally, of course, the so-called <i><a href="/wiki/Baraita_de-Rabbi_Yishma%27el" class="mw-redirect" title="Baraita de-Rabbi Yishma'el">Baraita de-Rabbi Yishma'el</a></i> (beginning). The so-called "Mekilta de-Millu'im" or "Aggadat Millu'im" to <a href="/wiki/Leviticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Leviticus">Leviticus</a> 8:1-10 is similarly to be distinguished from the remainder of the Sifra. It exists in two recensions, of which the second, covering mishnayot 14-16 and 29-end, is cited by <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> as "Baraita ha-Nosefet 'al Torat Kohanim she-Lanu." The <a href="/wiki/Tannaim" title="Tannaim">tannaim</a> quoted most frequently in Sifra are R. Akiva and his pupils, also <a href="/wiki/R._Eliezer" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Eliezer">R. Eliezer</a>, R. Ishmael, <a href="/wiki/R._Jose_ha-Gelili" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Jose ha-Gelili">R. Jose ha-Gelili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rebbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebbi">Rebbi</a>, and less often <a href="/wiki/Jose_b._Judah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose b. Judah">R. Jose bar Judah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eleazar_b._Simeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleazar b. Simeon">R. Eleazar bar R. Simeon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simeon_ben_Eleazar" title="Simeon ben Eleazar">R. Simeon b. Eleazar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-je_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-je-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Present_Text">The Present Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sifra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Present Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sifra was divided, according to an old arrangement, into 9 "dibburim"<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 80 "parashiyyot" or smaller sections. As it exists today it is divided into 14 larger sections and again into smaller peraḳim, parashiyyot, and mishnayot. As the commentators point out, it varies frequently from the Sifra which the <a href="/wiki/Talmudic" class="mw-redirect" title="Talmudic">Talmudic</a> authors knew;<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> furthermore, entire passages known to the authors of the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are missing in the present Sifra, and, on the other hand, there are probably passages in the present Sifra which were not known to the Babylonian Talmud.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-je_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-je-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sifra frequently agrees with the Judean rather than with the Babylonian tradition;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a>, <a href="/wiki/She%E1%B8%B3." class="mw-redirect" title="Sheḳ.">Sheḳ.</a> 1:7 likewise agrees with the Sifra. In the few cases where the agreement is with the Babylonian Talmud,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it must not be assumed that the text of the Sifra was emended in agreement with the Babylonian Talmud, but that it represents the original version.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Babylonian Talmud, as compared with <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Yerushalmi</a>, cites Sifra less accurately, sometimes abbreviating and sometimes amplifying it.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Babylonian Talmud occasionally makes use, in reference to the Sifra, of the rule "mi she-shanah zu lo shanah zu" (i.e., the assigning of different parts of one <a href="/wiki/Halakah" class="mw-redirect" title="Halakah">halakah</a> to different authorities),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but unnecessarily, since it is possible to harmonize the apparently conflicting sentences and thereby show that they may be assigned to the same authority.<sup id="cite_ref-je_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-je-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many errors have crept into the text through the practice of repeating one and the same midrash in similar passages.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-je_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-je-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions">Editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sifra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sifra is usually still cited according to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hebrewbooks.org/40719">Weiss edition of 1862</a>. </p><p>The editions of the Sifra are as follows: <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, 1545; with commentary by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_ben_David" title="Abraham ben David">RABaD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, 1552; with <i>Ḳorban Aharon,</i> Venice, 1609; with the same commentary, <a href="/wiki/Dessau" title="Dessau">Dessau</a>, 1742; with commentary by <a href="/wiki/J.L._Rapoport" class="mw-redirect" title="J.L. Rapoport">J.L. Rapoport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilna" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilna">Wilna</a>, 1845; with commentary by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_Jehiel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judah Jehiel (page does not exist)">Judah Jehiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemberg">Lemberg</a>, 1848; with commentary by <a href="/wiki/Malbim" title="Malbim">Malbim</a> (Meir Loeb b. Yehiel Michael), <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, 1860; with commentary by RABaD and <i>Massoret ha-Talmud</i> by <a href="/wiki/I._H._Weiss" class="mw-redirect" title="I. H. Weiss">I. H. Weiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, 1862<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Reprint New York: Om Publishing Company 1946); with commentary by <a href="/wiki/Samson_of_Sens" class="mw-redirect" title="Samson of Sens">Samson of Sens</a> and notes by <a href="/w/index.php?title=MaHRID&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MaHRID (page does not exist)">MaHRID</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, 1866. A Latin translation is given in <a href="/wiki/Biagio_Ugolini" class="mw-redirect" title="Biagio Ugolini">Biagio Ugolini</a>, <i>Thesaurus,</i> xiv.<sup id="cite_ref-je_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-je-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other editions include: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hebrewbooks.org/39236">Sifra d'vei rav. Edited by Meir Friedmann (Meir Ish Shalom). Breslau 1915.</a></li> <li>Sifra or Torat Kohanim. Edited by Finkelstein, Louis and Morris Lutzki . New York: JTS, 1956. (Facsimile edition of Codex Assemani 66 of the Vatican Library)</li> <li>Sifra on Leviticus I-V. Edited by Louis Finkelstein. New York: JTS 1989–1990.</li> <li>Sifra: An Analytical Translation I-III. Translated by Jacob Neusner. Atlanta: Scholars Press 1988.</li> <li>Sifra on Leviticus, with traditional commentaries and variant readings. Edited by Abraham Shoshanah. Cleveland and Jerusalem 1991 onwards.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sifra&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90">Sifra Hebrew Text</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Sifra">Sifra English translation and original text</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sifra&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As appears from <a href="/wiki/Tan%E1%B8%A5uma" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanḥuma">Tanḥuma</a>, quoted in <i><a href="/wiki/Or_Zarua" class="mw-redirect" title="Or Zarua">Or Zarua</a></i>, i. 7b</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sifra&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%B2id." class="mw-redirect" title="Ḳid.">Ḳid.</a> 33a; <a href="/wiki/Sanh." class="mw-redirect" title="Sanh.">Sanh.</a> 103b; <a href="/wiki/Cant._R." class="mw-redirect" title="Cant. R.">Cant. R.</a> 6:8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Berakhot_(Talmud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berakhot (Talmud)">Berachot</a> 11b, 18b</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Friedmann, in the introduction to his edition of the <a href="/wiki/Mekhilta" title="Mekhilta">Mekhilta</a> (p. 26, Vienna, 1870)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the introduction to his Sifra edition (p. 4)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">l.c. pp. 16 et seq.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-je-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-je_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-je_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-je_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-je_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-je_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-je_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-je_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-je_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBacherHorovitz1901–1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Bacher" title="Wilhelm Bacher">Bacher, Wilhelm</a>; Horovitz, S. (1901–1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13646-sifra">"SIFRA"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</a>; et al. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Funk & Wagnalls<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Jan 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=SIFRA&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rft.aulast=Bacher&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&rft.au=Horovitz%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F13646-sifra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASifra" class="Z3988"></span> <b><i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i> bibliography:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._Epstein" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Epstein">A. Epstein</a>, Mi-Ḳadmoniyyot ha-Yehudim, pp. 50–56;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z._Frankel" class="mw-redirect" title="Z. Frankel">Z. Frankel</a>, Darke ha-Mishnah, pp. 307 et seq.;</li> <li>idem, in Monatsschrift, 1854, pp. 387–397, 453-461;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Geiger" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Geiger">A. Geiger</a>, Jüd. Zeit. xi. 50-60;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Zvi_Hoffmann" title="David Zvi Hoffmann">D. Hoffmann</a>, Zur Einleitung in die Halachischen Midraschim, pp. 20 et seq.;</li> <li>Joël, Notizen zum Buche Daniel: Etwas über die Bücher Sifra und Sifre, Breslau, 1873;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I.H._Weiss" class="mw-redirect" title="I.H. Weiss">I.H. Weiss</a>, Gesch. der Jüdischen Tradition, ii. 231 et seq.;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Zunz" title="Leopold Zunz">Zunz</a>, G. V. pp. 49 et seq.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare the list in <a href="/wiki/David_Zvi_Hoffmann" title="David Zvi Hoffmann">D. Hoffmann</a>, <i>Zur Einleitung die Halachischen Midraschim,</i> p. 22, to which <a href="/wiki/Yer." class="mw-redirect" title="Yer.">Yer.</a> <a href="/wiki/Shab." class="mw-redirect" title="Shab.">Shab.</a> 2d and <a href="/wiki/Ket." class="mw-redirect" title="Ket.">Ket.</a> 28d must be added, according to Levy in <i>Ein Wort,</i> etc., p. 1, note 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g., Sifra Aḥarei 5 (beginning), compared with <a href="/wiki/Menahot" class="mw-redirect" title="Menahot">Menahot</a> 27b; Sifra Kedoshim 8:1, with <a href="/wiki/Yeb." class="mw-redirect" title="Yeb.">Yeb.</a> 46a (where <a href="/wiki/R._Simeon" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Simeon">R. Simeon</a> furthermore seems to have read ר"י in the <a href="/wiki/Sifre" title="Sifre">Sifre</a>) and Sifra Kedoshim 7:3, with <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%B2id." class="mw-redirect" title="Ḳid.">Ḳid.</a> 1:4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g., Sifra, Neg. 2:1, compared with R. Judah in Neg. 2:1; Sifra, Neg. 10:8, compared with R. Judah, Neg. 10:10; comp. also <a href="/wiki/Tosafot" title="Tosafot">Tosafot</a> Niddah 28b, s.v. הא מזכר.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">l.c. p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Menahot 26a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare Menahot 18a and <a href="/wiki/Yoma" title="Yoma">Yoma</a> 39a et passim</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suk." class="mw-redirect" title="Suk.">Suk.</a> 43a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare Hoffmann, l.c. p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As, e.g., the comparison of Sifra, Nedabah, 6:9 with Sifre, <a href="/wiki/Deut." class="mw-redirect" title="Deut.">Deut.</a> 78; Sifra, Nega'im, 1:9-10 with Sifre, Deut. 218; Sifra, <a href="/wiki/Be%E1%B8%A5u%E1%B8%B3%E1%B8%B3otai" class="mw-redirect" title="Beḥuḳḳotai">Beḥuḳḳotai</a>, 8:2 with Sifre, Deut. 124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare Hoffmann, l.c.; Levy, l.c. p. 28, note 2, and the interesting remark from <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Yosef_David_Azulai" title="Chaim Yosef David Azulai">Azulai</a> quoted there.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ed. <a href="/wiki/I.H._Weiss" class="mw-redirect" title="I.H. Weiss">I.H. Weiss</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ezriel Hildesheimer, <i>Sefer <a href="/wiki/Halakhot_Gedolot" class="mw-redirect" title="Halakhot Gedolot">Halakhot Gedolot</a></i>, vol. 3, chapter <i>Halakhot Mishmarot</i>, Jerusalem 1987, p. 377 (Hebrew); cf. <a href="/wiki/Numbers_Rabbah" title="Numbers Rabbah">Numbers Rabbah</a> 18:17)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare Sifra Emor 13:1 and <a href="/wiki/Menahot" class="mw-redirect" title="Menahot">Menahot</a> 77b; Sifra <i>Ḳedoshim</i> 2:5 and <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4ul." class="mw-redirect" title="Ḥul.">Ḥul.</a> 137a; Sifra <i>Ḥobah</i> 8:6 and <a href="/wiki/B._%E1%B8%B2." class="mw-redirect" title="B. Ḳ.">B. Ḳ.</a> 104b</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Yoma" title="Yoma">Yoma</a> 41a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare <a href="/wiki/David_Zvi_Hoffmann" title="David Zvi Hoffmann">D. Hoffmann</a>, l.c. pp. 33, 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g., Sifra, Nedabah, 12:2 (compare Menahot 57b); ib. 14:6 (compare <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4ul." class="mw-redirect" title="Ḥul.">Ḥul.</a> 49b); Sifra, <i>Emor</i>, 9:8 (compare Ḥullin 101b)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sifra, <i>Emor</i>, 7:2 as compared with Menahot 73b; similarly Tosefta, <a href="/wiki/Ker." class="mw-redirect" title="Ker.">Ker.</a> 2:16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g., in Sifra, <i>Ḳedoshim</i>, 8:1 מאתכם is not a later emendation for מאתן according to <a href="/wiki/Yeb." class="mw-redirect" title="Yeb.">Yeb.</a> 47a, as <a href="/wiki/I.H._Weiss" class="mw-redirect" title="I.H. Weiss">I.H. Weiss</a> (ad loc.) assumes, but represents rather the original reading.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g., <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%B2id." class="mw-redirect" title="Ḳid.">Ḳid.</a> 57b, which is the amplification of Sifra Nedabah 17:8; <a href="/wiki/Sheb." class="mw-redirect" title="Sheb.">Sheb.</a> 26b, which is a shortened (and therefore unintelligible) version of Sifra <i>Ḥobah</i> 9:2; and <a href="/wiki/Zeb." class="mw-redirect" title="Zeb.">Zeb.</a> 93b, which is to be compared with Sifra, <i>Ẓaw</i>, 6:6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As in Shevuot 13a, <a href="/wiki/So%E1%B9%ADah" class="mw-redirect" title="Soṭah">Soṭah</a> 16a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g., Sifra to 5:3 and 22:5 (comp. Weiss, <i>Einleitung,</i> etc., p. v., note 1, though the passage quoted by Weiss does not belong here; comp. <a href="/wiki/Gi%E1%B9%AD." class="mw-redirect" title="Giṭ.">Giṭ.</a> 49b) לשנא אחרינא is found in Sifra, <i>Nega'im</i>, 2:10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss1862" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/I._H._Weiss" class="mw-redirect" title="I. H. Weiss">Weiss, Isaac H.</a>, ed. (1862). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hebrewbooks.org/40719"><i>Sifra D'vei Rav</i></a>. Wien<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Jan 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sifra+D%27vei+Rav&rft.place=Wien&rft.date=1862&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hebrewbooks.org%2F40719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASifra" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Book_of_Leviticus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_of_Leviticus" title="Template:Book of Leviticus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Book_of_Leviticus" title="Template talk:Book of Leviticus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Book_of_Leviticus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Book of Leviticus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Book_of_Leviticus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Book of Leviticus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leviticus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vayikra_(parsha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vayikra (parsha)">1–5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzav" title="Tzav">6–8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemini_(parsha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shemini (parsha)">9–11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazria" title="Tazria">12–13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metzora_(parsha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metzora (parsha)">14–15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharei_Mot" title="Acharei Mot">16</a>–<a href="/wiki/Leviticus_18" title="Leviticus 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviticus_19" title="Leviticus 19">19</a><a href="/wiki/Kedoshim" title="Kedoshim">–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emor" title="Emor">21–24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behar" title="Behar">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bechukotai" title="Bechukotai">26–27</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parashah" title="Parashah">Parashah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vayikra_(parsha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vayikra (parsha)">Vayikra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzav" title="Tzav">Tzav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemini_(parsha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shemini (parsha)">Shemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazria" title="Tazria">Tazria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metzora_(parsha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metzora (parsha)">Metzora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharei_Mot" title="Acharei Mot">Acharei Mot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedoshim" title="Kedoshim">Kedoshim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emor" title="Emor">Emor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behar" title="Behar">Behar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bechukotai" title="Bechukotai">Bechukotai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadab_and_Abihu" title="Nadab and Abihu">Abihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar" title="Eleazar">Eleazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithamar" title="Ithamar">Ithamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadab_and_Abihu" title="Nadab and Abihu">Nadab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azazel" title="Azazel">Azazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilt_offering" title="Guilt offering">Guilt offering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Jewish holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_(biblical)" title="Jubilee (biblical)">Jubilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlah" title="Orlah">Orlah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shmita" title="Shmita">Shmita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_code" title="Holiness code">Holiness code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviticus_Rabbah" title="Leviticus Rabbah">Leviticus Rabbah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sifra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Book_of_Leviticus" title="Textual variants in the Book of Leviticus">Textual variants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_Leviticus_Scroll" title="Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll">Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q119" title="4Q119">4Q119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q120" title="4Q120">4Q120</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916608#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916608#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" 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