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class="hidden"></div> </div> <div> <div id="block-mainpagecontent"> <article data-history-node-id="24" class="node node--type-landing-page node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="bg_lightblack layout layout--onecol"> <div > </div> </div> <div class="hm-top-slider layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> <div class="carousel view view-homepage view-id-homepage view-display-id-embed_1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-featured-image"><div class="field-content"><div class="desktop_only"> <a href="/journal/commentary/symphonic-zone.html" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/special_main_1070x300/public/images/Commentary_Languageclassroom_29Mar2025.png?itok=I-oD_86O" width="1070" height="450" /> </a> </div> <div class="mobile_only"> <a href="/journal/commentary/symphonic-zone.html" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/di_top_650x400/public/images/Commentary_Languageclassroom_29Mar2025.png?itok=XNKOri5s" width="650" height="400" /> </a> </div></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="views-field views-field-field-category"><a href="/commentary" hreflang="en">Commentary</a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/journal/commentary/symphonic-zone.html" hreflang="en">A Symphonic Zone?</a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><a href="/author/dickens-leonard" hreflang="en">Dickens Leonard</a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-body">In the context of the ongoing debates on the language and education policies of the nation state, and the political crisis that the union and state governments precariously face in its implementation, this article is an invitation to critically rethink the promise of radical equality and the question of experiential community through schooling in the context of a warring world. Questions of language, education, and caste are discussed through the ideas of contact and anti-contact zones, engaged multiplicity, and a proposal to consider schooling as a zone of symphony in a mobile world that is ready to face the sound of a trigger.</div></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-featured-image"><div class="field-content"><div class="desktop_only"> <a href="/journal/perspectives/israeli-palestinian-conflict.html" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/special_main_1070x300/public/images/2900325_perspective_SSTabraz.png?itok=7BAu_el8" width="1070" height="450" /> </a> </div> <div class="mobile_only"> <a href="/journal/perspectives/israeli-palestinian-conflict.html" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/di_top_650x400/public/images/2900325_perspective_SSTabraz.png?itok=38rpwWUt" width="650" height="400" /> </a> </div></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="views-field views-field-field-category"><a href="/perspectives" hreflang="en">Perspectives</a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/journal/perspectives/israeli-palestinian-conflict.html" hreflang="en">Israeli–Palestinian Conflict </a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><a href="/author/s-s-tabraz" hreflang="en">S S Tabraz</a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-body">The popular discussion now, after 15 months of Israel’s aggression in Gaza, is seen steering away from the consensus that reinforces the Israeli perspective on this conflict. Two factors—the revision of Israeli democracy and the failure of dominant discourse within the Oslo framework to explain the recurrence of violence—are responsible for this break. Settler colonialism has emerged as an alternative paradigm that provides adequate explanations for these factors.</div></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-featured-image"><div class="field-content"><div class="desktop_only"> <a href="/journal/commentary/why-market-price-onion-increasing-india.html" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/special_main_1070x300/public/images/Commentary_onionprice_29March2025.png?itok=0hnNnM-X" width="1070" height="450" /> </a> </div> <div class="mobile_only"> <a href="/journal/commentary/why-market-price-onion-increasing-india.html" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/di_top_650x400/public/images/Commentary_onionprice_29March2025.png?itok=A1m41wbL" width="650" height="400" /> </a> </div></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="views-field views-field-field-category"><a href="/commentary" hreflang="en">Commentary</a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/journal/commentary/why-market-price-onion-increasing-india.html" hreflang="en">Why Is Market Price of Onion Increasing in India?</a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><a href="/author/p-alli" hreflang="en">P Alli</a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-body">Despite increased onion production in India, seasonal price surges persist, harming consumers and failing to benefit the producers. This article examines supply shortages and other factors driving price hikes while proposing measures to stabilise prices using secondary data analysis.</div></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-featured-image"><div class="field-content"><div class="desktop_only"> <a href="/journal/commentary/fight-supremacy-artificial-intelligence.html" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/special_main_1070x300/public/images/Commentary_AI_29Mar2025.png?itok=acOqcoyB" width="1070" height="450" /> </a> </div> <div class="mobile_only"> <a href="/journal/commentary/fight-supremacy-artificial-intelligence.html" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/di_top_650x400/public/images/Commentary_AI_29Mar2025.png?itok=ckrqHs9U" width="650" height="400" /> </a> </div></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="views-field views-field-field-category"><a href="/commentary" hreflang="en">Commentary</a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/journal/commentary/fight-supremacy-artificial-intelligence.html" hreflang="en">The Fight for Supremacy in Artificial Intelligence </a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><a href="/author/parthapratim-pal" hreflang="en">Parthapratim Pal</a>, <a href="/author/partha-ray" hreflang="en">Partha Ray</a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-body">The article focuses on the escalating competition between the United States and China in the field of artificial intelligence. Despite US-imposed restrictions on graphics processing unit exports to China, the launch of the AI chatbot (R1) of the Chinese company, DeepSeek, seemed to have matched or surpassed the performance of US-based AI models at a much lower cost. Effectively, China’s rapid advancements in AI, supported by strong government policies and venture capital funding, are challenging US dominance in AI. The race for AI supremacy has significant implications for global productivity and competitiveness and is akin to the space race of the 1960s.</div></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-featured-image"><div class="field-content"><div class="desktop_only"> <a href="/journal/commentary/raising-farmers-income-requires-more-msp-guarantee.html" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/special_main_1070x300/public/images/Commentary_Farmersincome_29Mar2025.png?itok=N6bY9J5x" width="1070" height="450" /> </a> </div> <div class="mobile_only"> <a href="/journal/commentary/raising-farmers-income-requires-more-msp-guarantee.html" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/di_top_650x400/public/images/Commentary_Farmersincome_29Mar2025.png?itok=xy0tF-h1" width="650" height="400" /> </a> </div></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><div class="views-field views-field-field-category"><a href="/commentary" hreflang="en">Commentary</a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/journal/commentary/raising-farmers-income-requires-more-msp-guarantee.html" hreflang="en">Raising Farmers’ Income Requires More Than MSP Guarantee</a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><a href="/author/amarender-reddy" hreflang="en">A Amarender REddy</a>, <a href="/author/tulsi-lingareddy" hreflang="en">Tulsi Lingareddy</a></div> <div class="views-field views-field-body">A legal guarantee of agricultural prices at the minimum support price may address only the price risk and cannot assure farmers’ incomes as the remaining risks still persist. Consequently, it is essential to address the risks and uncertainties across the entire agricultural production and marketing ecosystem with a comprehensive policy strategy equipped with the latest advances in technology and innovative farming solutions.</div></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hm-section latest_issue_blk layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="blk_heading"> <h2>Latest Issue</h2> <div class="posabs hm_latest_issue_name"><a href="/journal/epw-archive">Previous Issues</a></div><table class="views-view-grid cols-3"><tbody><tr><td class="grid views-col"><div class="hm_is_cell_wrapper"><a class="prev_issues" href="https://www.epw.in/journal/2025/13">Vol. 60, Issue No. 13, 29 Mar, 2025</a><div class="_df_thumb df-element df-popup-thumb" id="df_378" data-title="glfw-manual" slug="glfw-manual" slug="glfw-manual" wpoptions="true" source="/sites/default/files/pdf/2025/03/29/EPW_Vol%20LX_No%2013_29%20March%202025_Page%201-9.pdf" thumbtype="bg" data-lightbox="thumb" df-parsed="true"><div class="df-book-wrapper"><div class="df-book-cover"><div class="views-field views-field-field-cover-image"><div class="field-content"><img title="Open flipbook" src="/sites/default/files/images/2025/03/28/Cover_29March2025_Big.gif" width="355" height="400" alt=""></div> </div></div> </div> </div><td class="grid views-col"><div class="hm_is_cell_wrapper"><div class="views-field views-field-field-category"> <div class="field-content"> <a href="https://www.epw.in/comment">Comment</a> </div> </div><div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"> <a href="/journal/2025/13/comment/ethnic-cleansing-gaza-war-and-mayhem-west-asia.html"> Ethnic Cleansing in Gaza; War and Mayhem in West Asia </a> </span> </div><div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content"> Conditions created by the US–Israel combine threaten to plunge West Asia into war.   </div> </div></td></div><td class="grid views-col"><div class="hm_is_cell_wrapper"><div class="views-field views-field-field-category"> <div class="field-content"> <a href="https://www.epw.in/editorials">Editorials</a> </div> </div><div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"> <a href="/journal/2025/13/editorials/precarious-scenario.html"> A Precarious Scenario </a> </span> </div><div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content"> Consumption and investment trends and external sector setbacks can limit any recovery. </div> </div></td></div></tr><tr><td class="grid views-col"><div class="hm_is_cell_wrapper"><div class="views-field views-field-field-category"> <div class="field-content"> <a href="https://www.epw.in/h-t-parekh-finance-column">H T Parekh Finance Column</a> </div> </div><div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"> <a href="/journal/2025/13/h-t-parekh-finance-column/economic-fallout-european-rearmament.html"> The Economic Fallout of European Rearmament </a> </span> </div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"> <div class="field-content"> <a href='https://www.epw.in/author/c-p-chandrasekhar' title=''>C P Chandrasekhar</a> </div> </div><div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content"> With US President Donald Trump leaning towards Russia when advocating a stop to the war in Ukraine and making clear that the US will no longer foot the bill to ensure Europe’s security, talk of “Russian expansionism” in Europe has become louder. This has fuelled calls for Europe to rearm itself. However, there is little appetite among the continent’s current rulers for enhanced taxes on the rich to fund the increase. The fallout has been a discussion on the need for Europe to shed its fiscal conservatism, institutionalised in the form of “fiscal rules” capping budgetary deficits and setting public debt ceilings. However, though those rules have been diluted in practice, there is strong opposition to rethinking the conservative macroeconomic policy framework that a Europe led by Germany has embraced. If borrowing is not an option, defence will have to be financed, it is argued, by diverting funds from welfare spending, accelerating the process of dismantling Europe’s famed “welfare state.”  </div> </div></td></div><td class="grid views-col"><div class="hm_is_cell_wrapper"><div class="views-field views-field-field-category"> <div class="field-content"> <a href="https://www.epw.in/letters">Letters</a> </div> </div><div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"> <a href="/journal/2025/13/letters/lost-machine.html"> Lost in the Machine </a> </span> </div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"> <div class="field-content"> <a href='https://www.epw.in/author/adfer-rashid-shah' title=''>Adfer Rashid Shah</a> </div> </div><div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content"> Babu P Remesh’s commentary, “Overwork Culture, Karoshi, and the Right to Disconnect” (EPW, 15 March 2025), is a timely and incisive critique of the toxic work culture that has become normalised in the digital age. The piece effectively underscores the... </div> </div></td></div><td class="grid views-col"><div class="hm_is_cell_wrapper"><div class="views-field views-field-field-category"> <div class="field-content"> <a href="https://www.epw.in/letters">Letters</a> </div> </div><div class="views-field views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"> <a href="/journal/2025/13/letters/practice-requirement-jmfc-eligibility.html"> Practice as a Requirement of JMFC Eligibility </a> </span> </div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"> <div class="field-content"> <a href='https://www.epw.in/author/deepayan-malaviya' title=''>Deepayan Malaviya</a><a href='https://www.epw.in/author/vijya-lakshmi' title=''>Vijya Lakshmi</a> </div> </div><div class="views-field views-field-body"> <div class="field-content"> On 30 January 2025, the Gujarat Public Service Commission advertised for the recruitment of judicial magistrate first class (jmfc) and civil judges in Gujarat. The notification prescribed a prospective candidate to have a degree in law from a recognised university... </div> </div></td></div></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hm-section layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="epw_img_ads block-simpleads"> <h2>Advertisement</h2> <div class="simpleads" data-group="6" data-ref-node="0" data-ref-simpleads="0" data-rotation-type="loop" data-random-limit="3" data-impressions="false" data-rotation-options="{"draggable":false,"arrows":false,"dots":false,"fade":true,"autoplay":true,"pauseOnFocus":false,"pauseOnHover":true,"speed":3000,"infinite":true}"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--33-67 hm-section engage_article_blk"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="blk_heading"> <h2>Announcements</h2> <div class="column-block announcement-list view view-homepage view-id-homepage view-display-id-embed_18"> 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<div class="simpleads" data-group="13" data-ref-node="0" data-ref-simpleads="0" data-rotation-type="loop" data-random-limit="3" data-impressions="true" data-rotation-options="{"draggable":false,"arrows":false,"dots":false,"fade":true,"autoplay":true,"pauseOnFocus":false,"pauseOnHover":true,"speed":900,"infinite":true}"></div> </div> <div class="epw_img_ads block-simpleads"> <h2>Advertisement</h2> <div class="simpleads" data-group="14" data-ref-node="0" data-ref-simpleads="0" data-rotation-type="loop" data-random-limit="3" data-impressions="false" data-rotation-options="{"draggable":false,"arrows":false,"dots":false,"fade":true,"autoplay":true,"pauseOnFocus":false,"pauseOnHover":true,"speed":900,"infinite":true}"></div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div> <div class="special-article view view-homepage view-id-homepage view-display-id-embed_12"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-homepage-title"><div class="field-content views-field-title"><a href="/journal/special-articles/pm-jay.html" hreflang="en">PM-JAY </a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/dinesh-ahirwal" hreflang="en">Dinesh Ahirwal</a>, <a href="/author/anjali-dhengle" hreflang="en">Anjali Dhengle</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field views-field-body"> <p>The Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana extends benefits based on various inclusion criteria. These inclusion criteria are evaluated using the equity lens for rural India. The prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure across different socio-economic categories is examined to explore its determinants. The findings show that while PM-JAY was launched to safeguard vulnerable households, lower-income households are doubly excluded from enrolment in PM-JAY and healthcare access. The drawbacks of the D 7 and D 6 criteria are identified. The D 7 criterion excludes households with self-employed members, whereas the D 6 criterion may exclude households with educated heads.</p> </div></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-homepage-title"><div class="field-content views-field-title"><a href="/journal/special-articles/spatio-temporal-analysis-dowry-crimes-india.html" hreflang="en">A Spatio-temporal Analysis of Dowry Crimes in India</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/rambooshan-tiwari" hreflang="en">Rambooshan Tiwari</a>, <a href="/author/shubham-narayan-dixit" hreflang="en">Shubham Narayan Dixit</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field views-field-body"> <p>The custom of dowry is deeply rooted in Indian society, and dowry crimes occur all over the country. While the number of dowry deaths has remained almost stable during the 21st century, the incidents of violation of the Dowry Prohibition Act have increased gradually. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar emerge as the hotspots of dowry deaths in India, and the majority of districts having higher numbers of dowry deaths are located in these two states, apart from some north Indian metropolitan cities. The high number of dowry cases pending in the courts also highlights the inefficiency of the judiciary and the delay in justice.</p> </div></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-homepage-title"><div class="field-content views-field-title"><a href="/journal/special-articles/trade-liberalisation-export-margins-and.html" hreflang="en">Trade Liberalisation, Export Margins, and Competitiveness in the Indian Manufacturing Sector</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/r-rijesh" hreflang="en">R Rijesh</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field views-field-body"> <p>India’s trade performance post-liberalisation is examined, focusing on export margins and competitiveness in the organised manufacturing sector. As trade integration deepens, manufacturers are expected to specialise and broaden their product range, enhancing international competitiveness. Significant growth in both exports and imports is observed, with a notable shift in the composition of exports towards modern, technology-intensive products, indicating a move towards higher value-added exports. While India’s extensive margin, particularly in bilateral trade with the United States, has been robust, intensive margins show limited improvement, especially for exports to China. Revealed comparative advantage analysis showed that low-tech segments have remained competitive while high-tech industries were unable to improve competitiveness and the global market share.</p> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hm-section layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="epw_img_ads block-simpleads"> <h2>Advertisement</h2> <div class="simpleads" data-group="8" data-ref-node="0" data-ref-simpleads="0" data-rotation-type="loop" data-random-limit="3" data-impressions="false" data-rotation-options="{"draggable":false,"arrows":false,"dots":false,"fade":true,"autoplay":true,"pauseOnFocus":false,"pauseOnHover":false,"speed":900,"infinite":true}"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--33-67 must_read_blk hm-section"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="epw_img_ads block-simpleads"> <h2>Advertisement</h2> <div 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Conceptual Issues in Measurement</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/amartya-sen" hreflang="en">Amartya Sen</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-field-homepage-body"></div></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-category"><div class="field-content"><a href="/epw-engage" hreflang="en">EPW Engage</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-homepage-title"><div class="field-content views-field-title"><a href="/engage/article/beef-bjp-and-food-rights-people" hreflang="en">Revisiting Kancha Ilaiah's 1996 Article</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"><div class="field-content"><a href="/author/kancha-iiaiah" hreflang="en">Kancha IIaiah</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-summary"><div class="field-content views-field-field-homepage-body"> <p>In view of the recent attacks on writer Kancha Ilaiah, we are republishing his 1996 article which was published as a Commentary in on 15 Jun, 1996 in Vol. 31, Issue No. 24 of the EPW. On one hand the BJP defines SC, OBC castes as Hindus, and on the other by banning beef denies them their age-old food habits. If beef is banned it will he the beginning of the end of the country's multiculturalism.</p> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hm-section layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="epw_img_ads block-simpleads"> <h2>Advertisement</h2> <div class="simpleads" data-group="9" data-ref-node="0" data-ref-simpleads="0" data-rotation-type="loop" data-random-limit="3" data-impressions="false" data-rotation-options="{"draggable":false,"arrows":false,"dots":false,"fade":true,"autoplay":true,"pauseOnFocus":false,"pauseOnHover":true,"speed":900,"infinite":true}"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--50-50 hm-section review_issue_blk"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="blk_heading"> <h2>Review Issue</h2> <div class="nopadding review-issue view view-homepage view-id-homepage view-display-id-embed_15"> <div class="view-header"> <div 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