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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="EOSyIJf_MZzthDe0m8E0arWXwmAYNl2ZSaLPJJKpNhZ_vIX7LS-TlsOZejNrOrG4tq1UhH0YeuHbO2RATnRbbw" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Prize &amp; Peril: African Nations &amp; Nationalisms" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Mark W Deets" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/9303452/Prize_and_Peril_African_Nations_and_Nationalisms" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Prize & Peril: African Nations & Nationalisms" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The recent Jubilee celebrations of fifty years of independence in African nation-states offer an apt moment to “take stock” of the legacy of the nationalist movements that brought about independence and the nations they spawned. One observer has" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/5154743/2265514/15246204/s200_mark.deets.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/9303452/Prize_and_Peril_African_Nations_and_Nationalisms" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Prize & Peril: African Nations & Nationalisms" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-teaching.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The recent Jubilee celebrations of fifty years of independence in African nation-states offer an apt moment to “take stock” of the legacy of the nationalist movements that brought about independence and the nations they spawned. One observer has" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://aucegypt.academia.edu/MarkWDeets" /> <meta name="description" content="The recent Jubilee celebrations of fifty years of independence in African nation-states offer an apt moment to “take stock” of the legacy of the nationalist movements that brought about independence and the nations they spawned. One observer has" /> <title>(PDF) Prize & Peril: African Nations & Nationalisms</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/9303452/Prize_and_Peril_African_Nations_and_Nationalisms" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '107520bac59918e2ceae62eaadd15bff3d1e7904'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740944959000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740944959000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The recent Jubilee celebrations of fifty years of independence in African nation-states offer an apt moment to “take stock” of the legacy of the nationalist movements that brought about independence and the nations they spawned. One observer has argued that the celebrations bore “particularly strong symbolic power” so that even in countries with “nothing to celebrate,” all jubilee nations eventually featured “some form of official commemoration.” Furthermore, these celebrations “presented stark proof of the continued importance of the ‘nation’ in Africa,” inviting citizens “to remember, re-enact and re-redefine their national histories as well as to take stock of and reflect on their countries’ futures.” Why were these commemorations so important to Africans? Why does nationalism continue to catalyze such heated debate, in Africa as around the world? One answer is that there is so much to contest in defining terms like “the nation” and “independence.” No single definition suffices for everybody, everywhere. Nations inherently have histories, and history is a terrain fraught with contestation. This course traces the evolution of the literature on African nationalisms—in dialogue with scholarship on nations and nationalisms from other world regions—since the 1957 publication of Thomas Hodgkin’s seminal text Nationalism in Colonial Africa. It examines the central tension of the Jubilee celebrations over who gets to define “the nation” in Africa through the lenses of class, gender, ethnicity, and religion. It also examines how nationalisms in Africa have varied over space and time. We will place this literature in dialogue with scholarship on nations and nationalisms from other world regions. Doing so allows more than a genealogy of nationalism. It also demonstrates that African nationalisms are not peculiar. They are not “African.” In fact, these movements have faced numerous challenges similar to those faced by other nationalists from around the world. Thus, studying the historical development of African nations over time may help us better understand “nation-building” in the present.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Mark W Deets","url":"https://aucegypt.academia.edu/MarkWDeets","image":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5154743/2265514/15246204/s200_mark.deets.jpg","sameAs":["http://history.arts.cornell.edu/graduate-students-contact.php"]}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2014-11-14","headline":"Prize \u0026 Peril: African Nations \u0026 Nationalisms","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35564110/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["African Studies","African History","Africa","Nationalism","National Identity","African nationalism"],"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"aucegypt"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35564110/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9303452/Prize_and_Peril_African_Nations_and_Nationalisms"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: 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{"work":{"id":9303452,"created_at":"2014-11-14T01:42:00.820-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2025-02-19T10:55:02.056-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The recent Jubilee celebrations of fifty years of independence in African nation-states offer an apt moment to “take stock” of the legacy of the nationalist movements that brought about independence and the nations they spawned. One observer has argued that the celebrations bore “particularly strong symbolic power” so that even in countries with “nothing to celebrate,” all jubilee nations eventually featured “some form of official commemoration.” Furthermore, these celebrations “presented stark proof of the continued importance of the ‘nation’ in Africa,” inviting citizens “to remember, re-enact and re-redefine their national histories as well as to take stock of and reflect on their countries’ futures.” Why were these commemorations so important to Africans? Why does nationalism continue to catalyze such heated debate, in Africa as around the world? One answer is that there is so much to contest in defining terms like “the nation” and “independence.” No single definition suffices for everybody, everywhere. Nations inherently have histories, and history is a terrain fraught with contestation. \r\n\tThis course traces the evolution of the literature on African nationalisms—in dialogue with scholarship on nations and nationalisms from other world regions—since the 1957 publication of Thomas Hodgkin’s seminal text Nationalism in Colonial Africa. It examines the central tension of the Jubilee celebrations over who gets to define “the nation” in Africa through the lenses of class, gender, ethnicity, and religion. It also examines how nationalisms in Africa have varied over space and time. We will place this literature in dialogue with scholarship on nations and nationalisms from other world regions. Doing so allows more than a genealogy of nationalism. It also demonstrates that African nationalisms are not peculiar. They are not “African.” In fact, these movements have faced numerous challenges similar to those faced by other nationalists from around the world. Thus, studying the historical development of African nations over time may help us better understand “nation-building” in the present.","ai_title_tag":"Legacy and Contestation of African Nationalism"},"document_type":"teaching_document","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Prize \u0026 Peril: African Nations \u0026 Nationalisms","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true,"seo_quality":null}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [5154743]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":35564110,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Prize & Peril: African Nations & Nationalisms”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/35564110/mini_magick20190313-19615-wjsmoa.png?1552514211" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Prize & Peril: African Nations & Nationalisms</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5154743" href="https://aucegypt.academia.edu/MarkWDeets"><img alt="Profile image of Mark W Deets" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/5154743/2265514/15246204/s65_mark.deets.jpg" />Mark W Deets</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">10 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 9303452; 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One observer has argued that the celebrations bore “particularly strong symbolic power” so that even in countries with “nothing to celebrate,” all jubilee nations eventually featured “some form of official commemoration.” Furthermore, these celebrations “presented stark proof of the continued importance of the ‘nation’ in Africa,” inviting citizens “to remember, re-enact and re-redefine their national histories as well as to take stock of and reflect on their countries’ futures.” Why were these commemorations so important to Africans? Why does nationalism continue to catalyze such heated debate, in Africa as around the world? One answer is that there is so much to contest in defining terms like “the nation” and “independence.” No single definition suffices for everybody, everywhere. Nations inherently have histories, and history is a terrain fraught with contestation. This course traces the evolution of the literature on African nationalisms—in dialogue with scholarship on nations and nationalisms from other world regions—since the 1957 publication of Thomas Hodgkin’s seminal text Nationalism in Colonial Africa. It examines the central tension of the Jubilee celebrations over who gets to define “the nation” in Africa through the lenses of class, gender, ethnicity, and religion. It also examines how nationalisms in Africa have varied over space and time. We will place this literature in dialogue with scholarship on nations and nationalisms from other world regions. Doing so allows more than a genealogy of nationalism. It also demonstrates that African nationalisms are not peculiar. They are not “African.” In fact, these movements have faced numerous challenges similar to those faced by other nationalists from around the world. Thus, studying the historical development of African nations over time may help us better understand “nation-building” in the present.</p></div></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="77270654" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77270654/Historicising_nationalism_in_Africa">Historicising nationalism in Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="132488" href="https://humboldt-uni.academia.edu/BazLecocq">Baz Lecocq</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nations and Nationalism, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Historicising nationalism in Africa","attachmentId":84696803,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77270654/Historicising_nationalism_in_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77270654/Historicising_nationalism_in_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="5085165" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5085165/RE_THINKING_AFRICAN_NATIONALISM_AND_THE_MYTHOLOGY_SURROUNDING_ITS_PROMOTION_OF_UNITY_IN_AFRICA_1963_2010"> RE-THINKING AFRICAN NATIONALISM AND THE MYTHOLOGY SURROUNDING ITS PROMOTION OF UNITY IN AFRICA: 1963 -2010</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2697574" href="https://msuwebac.academia.edu/RichardRunyararoMahomva">Richard Runyararo Mahomva</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":" RE-THINKING AFRICAN NATIONALISM AND THE MYTHOLOGY SURROUNDING ITS PROMOTION OF UNITY IN AFRICA: 1963 -2010","attachmentId":32302574,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5085165/RE_THINKING_AFRICAN_NATIONALISM_AND_THE_MYTHOLOGY_SURROUNDING_ITS_PROMOTION_OF_UNITY_IN_AFRICA_1963_2010","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5085165/RE_THINKING_AFRICAN_NATIONALISM_AND_THE_MYTHOLOGY_SURROUNDING_ITS_PROMOTION_OF_UNITY_IN_AFRICA_1963_2010"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="71586827" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71586827/The_rise_the_fall_and_the_insurrection_of_nationalism_in_Africa">The rise, the fall, and the insurrection of nationalism in Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3318646" href="https://udsm.academia.edu/IShivji">Issa Shivji</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The quintessence of nationalism was, and is, anti-imperialism. It was a demand and struggle against, rather than for, something. It was an expression of a struggle against denial-denial of humanity, denial of respect and dignity, denial of the Africanness of the African. It was the struggle for the "re-Africanisation of minds" or to "rebecome Africans," as Amilcar Cabral put it. 2 Archie Mafeje sums up the period well:</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The rise, the fall, and the insurrection of nationalism in Africa","attachmentId":80866572,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71586827/The_rise_the_fall_and_the_insurrection_of_nationalism_in_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71586827/The_rise_the_fall_and_the_insurrection_of_nationalism_in_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="39120140" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39120140/The_Emergence_of_Nationalism_and_the_Reconfiguration_of_African_Societies_into">The Emergence of Nationalism and the Reconfiguration of African Societies into</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="95675392" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GYIMAHG">GODWIN GYIMAH</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper examines the rise of nationalism and its influence on Africans' fight for independence. Whereas nationalism was the major tool towards the attainment of independence for all African nations, the movements, tools, and means used in each African country was different.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Emergence of Nationalism and the Reconfiguration of African Societies into","attachmentId":59240718,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39120140/The_Emergence_of_Nationalism_and_the_Reconfiguration_of_African_Societies_into","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39120140/The_Emergence_of_Nationalism_and_the_Reconfiguration_of_African_Societies_into"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="83332036" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83332036/Philosophy_of_Nationalism_in_Africa">Philosophy of Nationalism in Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30168766" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PieterBoelevanHensbroek">Pieter Boele van Hensbroek</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Palgrave Handbook of African Philosophy, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Nationalism is not a political philosophy comparable to Marxism or liberalism. It concerns ideas that are a vehicle for direct political mobilization and acts of resistance against foreign domination. As Ben Anderson observed, there are no Great Thinkers of nationalism. Nevertheless, there are great thinkers and leaders inspired by nationalist ideas. Thus, nationalism is not only an important theme in African political history, but also in African intellectual history. The themes of nation, fatherland, nation-state, and for instance, notions such as "the people" and "self-determination" inspire much of African political thought in the past one-and-half centuries. Mapping this important thought involves much more than reporting on the ideas of prominent political leaders such as Kwame Nkrumah, Leopold Sédar Senghor, or Julius Nyerere. African political thought includes many more riches to be found in sophisticated analyses and innovative rethinking where intellectuals introduced new notions into public debate and conceptualized historical opportunities and threats that most people, including political leaders, did not have a sharp understanding of. Serious study of these political thinkers shows that they were not just copying European ideas, as is often contended. 1 Political thought in Africa, like in any part of the world, has to be understood in its context in concrete historical situations. The study of nationalism attracted great historians and sociologists trying to grasp the phenomenon in all its forms. Studies usually concern nationalist political movements rather than philosophies of nationalism on which we focus here. Nevertheless, a short excursion into studies of nationalism can help to clear away some preconceived ideas on what nationalism essentially</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Philosophy of Nationalism in Africa","attachmentId":88712173,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83332036/Philosophy_of_Nationalism_in_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83332036/Philosophy_of_Nationalism_in_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="98352029" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98352029/Nationalism_and_Decolonization_in_Africa_1918_1975">Nationalism and Decolonization in Africa, 1918–1975</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="250631501" href="https://independent.academia.edu/abdulrahmanajibola">ajibola abdulrahman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Africa in Global History, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This chapter focuses on anti-colonial activities in Africa between 1918-1975. It demonstrates that nationalism grew significantly from the interwar years and became extremely militant between 1945 and 1975. In addition to emphasizing that the extreme militant nature of African nationalism after the Second World War was partly tied to the anti-colonial attitudes or activities of the United Nations, the United States of America, the USSR and other global forces, this chapter stresses the grievances of Africans from diverse backgrounds and the colonial policies that helped shaped the development and nature of African nationalism in the study period.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nationalism and Decolonization in Africa, 1918–1975","attachmentId":112384759,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98352029/Nationalism_and_Decolonization_in_Africa_1918_1975","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98352029/Nationalism_and_Decolonization_in_Africa_1918_1975"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="95069976" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95069976/The_African_Nationalist_Idea_of_Africa">The African Nationalist Idea of Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9821906" href="https://independent.academia.edu/danmotaung">dan motaung</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Thinker, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">T his paper probes the impact of colonial designs in the fabrication of native subjectivities, which eventuated in toxic political identities that would later undermine the post-colonial nationalist project. African history was shaped by three discursive periods: pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial. The colonisation period deformed, distorted and adulterated Africa's pre-colonial cultural landscape-its sense of selfhood. African nationalism was a response to this ontologically debilitated condition of African personhood resulting from the violence of self-serving European colonial modernity, which created a structured subjugation of the African 'other.' African colonial elites at once defined and epitomised various forms of African nationalism against European incursion. However, these African modernisers failed to grasp the historicity of such enduringly baneful identity politics, and were thereby often themselves cast into the vortex of social contradictions reflective of this history. Mamdani made this observation when he stated that in kick-starting the nation-building project after independence, post-colonial elites turned their backs on the history of colonialism and thus on their own history. Instead, they modelled their political imagination on the modern European state, the result being the nationalist dream was imposed on the reality of colonially imposed fragmentation, leading to new rounds of nation-building by ethnic cleansing. Consequently, African nationalism has invariably spread across large swathes of postcolonial Africa as it degenerated into odious ethnonationalism and chauvinism. Only through a deeper historical understanding of these colonial processes of African political identification can an we begin to understand how this once glorious African nationalism regressed into a dystopian one. This article draws on history to dissect this legacy of subjective forms of African self-understanding.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The African Nationalist Idea of Africa","attachmentId":97353550,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95069976/The_African_Nationalist_Idea_of_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95069976/The_African_Nationalist_Idea_of_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="14900622" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14900622/The_Varieties_of_Nationalism_in_Africa">The Varieties of Nationalism in Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12572" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/SaraRichDorman">Sara R Dorman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A survey of trends and changes in African Nationalism</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Varieties of Nationalism in Africa","attachmentId":38466163,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14900622/The_Varieties_of_Nationalism_in_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14900622/The_Varieties_of_Nationalism_in_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="53267304" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53267304/Nationalism_and_Nationalist_Agitation_in_Africa_The_Nigerian_Trajectory">Nationalism and Nationalist Agitation in Africa: The Nigerian Trajectory</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1054728" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OlayideOladeji">Olayide Oladeji</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Review of Black Political Economy, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The need to reclaim African territoryeconomically, socially, and politically from imperialism and colonialism united Africans, especially after the Second World War, in pressing for the independence of African nations from colonialism is imperative. This period marked the emergence of Nationalism or Nationalist Movements in Africa. Nationalism presupposes African unity against European domination and rule in Africa or the creation in Africa united 'nation-states' as well as their economic and political transformation. Using the Nigerian case as analytical compass, this paper interrogates the concepts of Nationalism and Nationalist Agitations in Africa, especially during the colonial and the postcolonial periods. The paper employs historical and descriptive approaches and relies solely on secondary sources of data. The paper notes that, while all the ethnic-nationalities in Nigeria united against colonial rule and fought for its independence, sooner after independence in October 1960, the country began to divide against itself along ethno-religious-cultural cleavages. This division culminated in the Civil War fought between 1967 and 1970 and the continuous agitations by various ethnic-nationalities that make up the country either for more relevance within the larger Nigerian State or for outright abrogation of the State and creation of 'our own state'. These agitations are captured by the concept of Self Determination. The paper therefore concludes that there has been serious transformation in the meaning of Nationalism from what it used to mean under colonialism and presently under postcolonial state. The paper notes that this transformation is due in part to the colonial origin of the state itself and the insincerity of the postcolonial African leaders to make the state</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nationalism and Nationalist Agitation in Africa: The Nigerian Trajectory","attachmentId":70146564,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53267304/Nationalism_and_Nationalist_Agitation_in_Africa_The_Nigerian_Trajectory","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/53267304/Nationalism_and_Nationalist_Agitation_in_Africa_The_Nigerian_Trajectory"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="44853833" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44853833/North_African_nationalisms_1900s_2010s">North African nationalisms 1900s 2010s</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="163632082" href="https://unicatt.academia.edu/FrancescoLaureti">Francesco Laureti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Our paper will focus on the most significant turning points consistent with our thesis. Covering more than a century of history, from the collapse of the Ottoman Empire to the so-called ‘Arab Springs’, we will trace a meaningful research track, in order to better understand to what extent the colonial legacy has led to the emergence of new nationalisms. No less importantly, two alternative theses will be presented and described in detail. First, our analysis will provide an insight into the argument suggesting that North African nationalisms stemmed from the widespread phenomenon of anticolonial resistance. Following, we will draw attention towards the role of the major North African leaders, so as to evaluate the importance of leader-centred movements in strengthening the national belonging in the Maghreb during the period of decolonization. To conclude, we will summarize the most remarkable findings, thus validating or rebutting our initial claim.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"North African nationalisms 1900s 2010s","attachmentId":65362541,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44853833/North_African_nationalisms_1900s_2010s","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44853833/North_African_nationalisms_1900s_2010s"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":35564110,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":35564110,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_35564110" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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