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<li id="toc-Predecessor_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predecessor_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Predecessor weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predecessor_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_shaped_charge,_portable_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_shaped_charge,_portable_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>First shaped charge, portable weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_shaped_charge,_portable_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Design subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Warheads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warheads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Warheads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warheads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effectiveness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effectiveness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Effectiveness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effectiveness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weapons_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weapons_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Weapons by country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Weapons_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Weapons by country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Weapons_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Soviet Union and Russian Federation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czechoslovakia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czechoslovakia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Czechoslovakia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czechoslovakia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Serbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yugoslavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yugoslavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Yugoslavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yugoslavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>Palestine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rocket-propelled grenade</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B0%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B9" title="قذيفة صاروخية الدفع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قذيفة صاروخية الدفع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%91%D1%82" title="Ручны супрацьтанкавы гранатамёт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ручны супрацьтанкавы гранатамёт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Ръчен противотанков гранатомет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ръчен противотанков гранатомет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada_propulsada_per_coet" title="Granada propulsada per coet – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Granada propulsada per coet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktivn%C3%AD_gran%C3%A1t" title="Reaktivní granát – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Reaktivní granát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Propelled_Grenade" title="Rocket Propelled Grenade – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rocket Propelled Grenade" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCcksto%C3%9Ffreie_Panzerabwehrhandwaffe" title="Rückstoßfreie Panzerabwehrhandwaffe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rückstoßfreie Panzerabwehrhandwaffe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPG_(granaadiheitja)" title="RPG (granaadiheitja) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="RPG (granaadiheitja)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Αντιαρματικό ρουκετοβόλο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντιαρματικό ρουκετοβόλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada_propulsada_por_cohete" title="Granada propulsada por cohete – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Granada propulsada por cohete" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permana_reaktiva_grenado" title="Permana reaktiva grenado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Permana reaktiva grenado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suziriz_higiarazitako_granada" title="Suziriz higiarazitako granada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Suziriz higiarazitako granada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="آرپی‌جی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرپی‌جی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%BC%93%EC%B6%94%EC%A7%84%EC%9C%A0%ED%83%84" title="로켓추진유탄 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로켓추진유탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granat_berpeluncur_roket" title="Granat berpeluncur roket – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Granat berpeluncur roket" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPG_(lanciarazzi)" title="RPG (lanciarazzi) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="RPG (lanciarazzi)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D" title="רקטה נגד טנקים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רקטה נגד טנקים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Танкіге қарсы гранататқыш – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Танкіге қарсы гранататқыш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="റോക്കറ്റ് പ്രോപ്പൽഡ് ഗ്രനേഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോക്കറ്റ് പ്രോപ്പൽഡ് ഗ്രനേഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raketwerper" title="Raketwerper – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Raketwerper" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPG_(%E5%85%B5%E5%99%A8)" title="RPG (兵器) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="RPG (兵器)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakettdrevet_granat" title="Rakettdrevet granat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rakettdrevet granat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lan%C3%A7a-roquetas" title="Lança-roquetas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lança-roquetas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raketali_granata" title="Raketali granata – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Raketali granata" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granatnik_przeciwpancerny" title="Granatnik przeciwpancerny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Granatnik przeciwpancerny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPG_(arma)" title="RPG (arma) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="RPG (arma)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%91%D1%82" title="Ручной противотанковый гранатомёт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ручной противотанковый гранатомёт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPG_(raket%C3%ABhedh%C3%ABs)" title="RPG (raketëhedhës) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="RPG (raketëhedhës)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket-propelled_grenade" title="Rocket-propelled grenade – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rocket-propelled grenade" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BD_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%84%DA%8A_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%DA%8A" title="راڪيٽ پراپيلڊ گرنيڊ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="راڪيٽ پراپيلڊ گرنيڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_protitankov%C3%BD_gran%C3%A1tomet" title="Ručný protitankový granátomet – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ručný protitankový granátomet" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPG_(gantaal)" title="RPG (gantaal) – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="RPG (gantaal)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinko" title="Sinko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sinko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raketgev%C3%A4r" title="Raketgevär – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Raketgevär" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="எறிகணையினால் உந்தப்படும் கைக்குண்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எறிகணையினால் உந்தப்படும் கைக்குண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%98)" title="อาร์พีจี (อาวุธ) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาร์พีจี (อาวุธ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D3%A3" title="Норинҷакандози зиддитанкии дастӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Норинҷакандози зиддитанкии дастӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roket_g%C3%BCd%C3%BCml%C3%BC_el_bombas%C4%B1" title="Roket güdümlü el bombası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Roket güdümlü el bombası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Shoulder-launched anti-tank weapon</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For similar terms, see <a href="/wiki/Shoulder-fired_missile" title="Shoulder-fired missile">Shoulder-fired missile</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RPG-7_detached.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/RPG-7_detached.jpg/220px-RPG-7_detached.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/RPG-7_detached.jpg/330px-RPG-7_detached.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/RPG-7_detached.jpg/440px-RPG-7_detached.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A rocket-propelled grenade (left) and <a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a> launcher. For use, the thinner cylinder part of the rocket-propelled grenade is inserted into the muzzle of the launcher.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_-_Russian_RPG_launchers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_-_Russian_RPG_launchers.jpg/220px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_-_Russian_RPG_launchers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_-_Russian_RPG_launchers.jpg/330px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_-_Russian_RPG_launchers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_-_Russian_RPG_launchers.jpg/440px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_-_Russian_RPG_launchers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="1984" /></a><figcaption>Soviet/Russian rocket launchers. From top to bottom: <a href="/wiki/RPO-A_Shmel" title="RPO-A Shmel">RPO-A Shmel</a>, <a href="/wiki/RPG-22" title="RPG-22">RPG-22</a>, <a href="/wiki/RPG-26" title="RPG-26">RPG-26</a>, <a href="/wiki/RPG-18" title="RPG-18">RPG-18</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>rocket-propelled grenade</b> (<b>RPG</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Shoulder-fired_missile" title="Shoulder-fired missile">shoulder-fired rocket</a> weapon that launches rockets equipped with an <a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">explosive</a> <a href="/wiki/Warhead" title="Warhead">warhead</a>. Most RPGs can be carried by an individual soldier, and are frequently used as <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-tank weapon">anti-tank weapons</a>. These warheads are affixed to a <a href="/wiki/Rocket_motor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket motor">rocket motor</a> which propels the RPG towards the target and they are stabilized in flight with fins. Some types of RPG are reloadable with new rocket-propelled grenades, while others are single-use. RPGs are generally <a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">loaded from the front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary_army_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary_army-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>RPGs with <a href="/wiki/High-explosive_anti-tank" title="High-explosive anti-tank">high-explosive anti-tank</a> (HEAT) warheads are very effective against lightly armored vehicles such as <a href="/wiki/Armored_personnel_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored personnel carrier">armored personnel carriers</a> (APCs) and <a href="/wiki/Armored_car_(military)" title="Armored car (military)">armored cars</a>. However, modern, heavily-armored vehicles, such as upgraded APCs and <a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">main battle tanks</a>, are generally too well-protected (with thick <a href="/wiki/Composite_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Composite armor">composite</a> or <a href="/wiki/Reactive_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactive armor">reactive armor</a>) to be penetrated by an RPG, unless less armored sections of the vehicle are exploited. Various warheads are also capable of causing secondary damage to vulnerable systems (especially sights, tracks, rear and roof of turrets) and other unarmored targets. </p><p>The term "rocket-propelled grenade" is from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> acronym <i>РПГ</i> (Ручной Противотанковый Гранатомёт, <i>Ruchnoy Protivotankovy Granatomyot</i>), meaning "handheld anti-tank grenade launcher", the name given to early Russian designs.<sup id="cite_ref-howstuffworks_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howstuffworks-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-militaryfactory_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-militaryfactory-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rottman_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rottman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predecessor_weapons">Predecessor weapons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Predecessor weapons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-tank weapons">Anti-tank weapons</a></div> <p>The static nature of <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> encouraged the use of shielded defenses, even including personal armor, that were impenetrable by standard rifle ammunition. This led to some isolated experiments with higher caliber rifles, similar to <a href="/wiki/Elephant_gun" title="Elephant gun">elephant guns</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Armor-piercing_ammunition" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor-piercing ammunition">armor-piercing ammunition</a>. The first <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tanks</a>, the British <a href="/wiki/Mark_I_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark I tank">Mark I</a>, could be penetrated by these weapons under the right conditions. <a href="/wiki/Mark_IV_tank" title="Mark IV tank">Mark IV tanks</a>, however, had slightly thicker armor. In response, the Germans rushed to create an upgraded version of these early anti-armor rifles, the <a href="/wiki/Tankgewehr_M1918" class="mw-redirect" title="Tankgewehr M1918">Tankgewehr M1918</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_rifle" title="Anti-tank rifle">anti-tank rifle</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Inter-war_years" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter-war years">inter-war years</a>, tank armor continued to increase overall, to the point that anti-tank rifles could no longer be effective against anything but <a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">light tanks</a>; any rifle made powerful enough for heavier tanks would exceed the ability of a soldier to carry and fire the weapon. </p><p>Even with the first tanks, artillery officers often used <a href="/wiki/Field_gun" title="Field gun">field guns</a> depressed to fire directly at armored targets. However, this practice expended much valuable ammunition and was of increasingly limited effectiveness as tank armor became thicker.<sup id="cite_ref-Norris_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the concept of <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-tank guns">anti-tank guns</a>, a form of <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> specifically designed to destroy <a href="/wiki/Armored_fighting_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored fighting vehicles">armored fighting vehicles</a>, normally from static defensive positions (that is, immobile during a battle).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Norris_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first dedicated <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-tank artillery">anti-tank artillery</a> began appearing in the 1920s, and by <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> was a common appearance in most armies.<sup id="cite_ref-Gander_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gander-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to penetrate armor they fired specialized ammunition from proportionally longer barrels to achieve a higher muzzle velocity than field guns.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most anti-tank guns were developed in the 1930s as improvements in tanks were noted,<sup id="cite_ref-Rottman_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rottman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and nearly every major arms manufacturer produced one type or another.<sup id="cite_ref-Gander_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gander-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anti-tank guns deployed during World War II were manned by specialist infantry rather than artillery crews, and issued to infantry units accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-Rottman_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rottman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The anti-tank guns of the 1930s were of small caliber; nearly all major armies possessing them used 37 mm (1.5 in) ammunition, except for the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>, which had developed the 40 mm (1.6 in) <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_2-pounder" title="Ordnance QF 2-pounder">Ordnance QF 2-pounder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Norris_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As World War II progressed, the appearance of heavier tanks rendered these weapons obsolete and anti-tank guns likewise began firing larger calibre and more effective armor-piercing shells.<sup id="cite_ref-Gander_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gander-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although a number of large caliber guns were developed during the war that were capable of knocking out the most heavily armored tanks, they proved slow to set up and difficult to conceal.<sup id="cite_ref-Gander_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gander-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter generation of low-recoil anti-tank weapons, which allowed projectiles the size of an artillery shell to be fired from a man's shoulder, was considered a far more viable option for arming infantrymen.<sup id="cite_ref-Rottman_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rottman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_shaped_charge,_portable_weapons"><span id="First_shaped_charge.2C_portable_weapons"></span>First shaped charge, portable weapons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First shaped charge, portable weapons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-672-7634-13,_Russland,_Luftwaffensoldat_mit_Panzerabwehrwaffe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-672-7634-13%2C_Russland%2C_Luftwaffensoldat_mit_Panzerabwehrwaffe.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-672-7634-13%2C_Russland%2C_Luftwaffensoldat_mit_Panzerabwehrwaffe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-672-7634-13%2C_Russland%2C_Luftwaffensoldat_mit_Panzerabwehrwaffe.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-672-7634-13%2C_Russland%2C_Luftwaffensoldat_mit_Panzerabwehrwaffe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-672-7634-13%2C_Russland%2C_Luftwaffensoldat_mit_Panzerabwehrwaffe.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-672-7634-13%2C_Russland%2C_Luftwaffensoldat_mit_Panzerabwehrwaffe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>A Luftwaffe soldier using a <a href="/wiki/Panzerfaust" title="Panzerfaust">Panzerfaust</a>, a forerunner of modern-day RPGs</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nvarpgteam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Nvarpgteam.jpg/220px-Nvarpgteam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Nvarpgteam.jpg/330px-Nvarpgteam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Nvarpgteam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption>A North Vietnamese soldier using a Soviet made <a href="/wiki/RPG-2" title="RPG-2">RPG-2</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>The RPG has its roots in the 20th century with the early development of the explosive <a href="/wiki/Shaped_charge" title="Shaped charge">shaped charge</a>, in which the explosive is made with a conical hollow,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnor198747_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnor198747-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which concentrates its power on the impact point. Before the adoption of the shaped charge, <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_gun" title="Anti-tank gun">anti-tank guns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tank_gun" title="Tank gun">tank guns</a> relied primarily on <a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy" title="Kinetic energy">kinetic energy</a> of metal projectiles to defeat armor. Soldier-carried anti-tank rifles such as the <a href="/wiki/Boys_anti-tank_rifle" title="Boys anti-tank rifle">Boys anti-tank rifle</a> could be used against lightly-armored tankettes and light armored vehicles. However, as tank armor increased in thickness and effectiveness, the anti-tank guns needed to defeat them became increasingly heavy, cumbersome and expensive. During WW II, as tank armor got thicker, larger calibre anti-tank guns were developed to defeat this thicker armor. </p><p>While larger anti-tank guns were more effective, the weight of these anti-tank guns meant that they increasingly were mounted on wheeled, towed platforms. This meant that if the infantry was on foot, they might not have access to these wheeled, vehicle-towed anti-tank guns. This led to situations where infantry could find themselves defenseless against tanks and unable to attack tanks. Armies found that they needed to give infantry a human-portable (i.e., can be carried by one soldier) weapon to defeat enemy armor when no wheeled anti-tank guns were available, since <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_rifle" title="Anti-tank rifle">anti tank rifles</a> were no longer effective. Initial attempts to put such weapons in the hands of the infantry resulted in weapons like the Soviet <a href="/wiki/RPG-40" title="RPG-40">RPG-40</a> "blast effect" hand grenade (where "RPG" stood for <i>ruchnaya protivotankovaya granata</i>, meaning hand-held anti-tank grenade). However, being hand thrown weapons, they still had to be deployed at suicidally close range to be effective. What was needed was a means of delivering the shaped charge warhead from a distance. Different approaches to this goal would lead to the anti-tank <a href="/wiki/Spigot_mortar" class="mw-redirect" title="Spigot mortar">spigot mortar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Recoilless_rifle" title="Recoilless rifle">recoilless rifle</a>, and, from the development of practical <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rocketry</a>, the rocket propelled grenade. </p><p>Research occasioned by <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> produced such weapons as the American <a href="/wiki/Bazooka" title="Bazooka">bazooka</a>, British/Allied <a href="/wiki/PIAT" title="PIAT">PIAT</a> and German <a href="/wiki/Panzerfaust" title="Panzerfaust">Panzerfaust</a>, which combined portability with effectiveness against armored vehicles, such as tanks. The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a>-developed <a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a> is the most widely distributed, recognizable and used RPG in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Rocket_Propelled_Grenades_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rocket_Propelled_Grenades-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The basic design of this RPG was developed by the Soviets shortly after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in the form of the <a href="/wiki/RPG-2" title="RPG-2">RPG-2</a>, which is similar in function to the Bazooka (due to the reloadability) and the Panzerfaust (due to an oversized grenade that protrudes outside of a smaller launch tube and the recoilless launch), though the rounds it fires lack a form of propulsion in addition to the launch charge (unlike the RPG-7 rounds, which also feature a sustainer motor, effectively making the rounds rocket propelled grenades). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongolian_soldier_with_RPG_in_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mongolian_soldier_with_RPG_in_2005.jpg/220px-Mongolian_soldier_with_RPG_in_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mongolian_soldier_with_RPG_in_2005.jpg/330px-Mongolian_soldier_with_RPG_in_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mongolian_soldier_with_RPG_in_2005.jpg/440px-Mongolian_soldier_with_RPG_in_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>A Mongolian soldier showing an unloaded RPG launcher to a group of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">US marines</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Soviet RPGs were used extensively during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> (by the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam People's Army">Vietnam People's Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietcong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietcong">Vietcong</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-mrfa_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mrfa-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as during the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet invasion of Afghanistan">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a> and against South Africans in <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa" title="South West Africa">South West Africa</a>) by <a href="/wiki/SWAPO" title="SWAPO">SWAPO</a> guerillas during what the South Africans called the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a>. In the 2000s, they were still being used widely in conflict areas such as <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Militants have also used RPGs against helicopters: <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> fighters shot down U.S. CH-47 Chinook helicopters in June 2005 and August 2011; and <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somali</a> militiamen shot down two U.S. <a href="/wiki/UH-60_Black_Hawk" class="mw-redirect" title="UH-60 Black Hawk">UH-60 Black Hawk</a> helicopters during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(1993)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (1993)">Battle of Mogadishu</a> in 1993. </p><p>RPGs were used by militants to destroy "hundreds" of vehicles (AFVs, armored Humvees etc) in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERottman201043_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERottman201043-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obus_501556_fh000021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Obus_501556_fh000021.jpg/220px-Obus_501556_fh000021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Obus_501556_fh000021.jpg/330px-Obus_501556_fh000021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Obus_501556_fh000021.jpg/440px-Obus_501556_fh000021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1489" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>Sectioned <a href="/wiki/High-explosive_anti-tank" title="High-explosive anti-tank">high-explosive anti-tank</a> round with the inner shaped charge visible</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CumulativeHead.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/CumulativeHead.png/220px-CumulativeHead.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/CumulativeHead.png/330px-CumulativeHead.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/CumulativeHead.png/440px-CumulativeHead.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>A diagram of a high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead of an RPG rocket (the propellant section is not shown) 1: Aerodynamic cover; 2: Air-filled cavity; 3: Conical liner; 4: Detonator; 5: Explosive; 6: <a href="/wiki/Piezoelectric_sensor" title="Piezoelectric sensor">Piezo-electric</a> trigger</figcaption></figure> <p>The RPG warhead being used against tanks and other armor often has a <a href="/wiki/Shaped_charge" title="Shaped charge">shaped charge</a> explosive warhead. A shaped charge is an <a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">explosive</a> charge shaped to focus the effect of the explosive's energy. Various types are used to penetrate tank armor; typical modern lined shaped charge can penetrate steel armor<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2013)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> to a depth of seven or more times the diameter of the charge (charge diameters, CD), though greater depths of 10 CD and above<sup id="cite_ref-llnl_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-llnl-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have been achieved. Despite the popular misconception that shaped charges "melt" tank armor, the shaped charge does not depend in any way on heating or melting for its effectiveness; that is, the <a href="/wiki/Superplastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Superplastic">superplastic</a> metal jet from a shaped charge impact on armor forms mainly due to a sudden and intense <a href="/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)" title="Stress (mechanics)">mechanical stress</a> and does not melt its way through armor, as its effect is purely due to kinetic energy in nature. </p><p>An RPG comprises two main parts: the launcher and a rocket equipped with a warhead that follows a ballistic trajectory after the rocket motor has completed its burn. The most common types of warheads are <a href="/wiki/High_explosive" class="mw-redirect" title="High explosive">high explosive</a> (HE) and <a href="/wiki/High-explosive_anti-tank" title="High-explosive anti-tank">high-explosive anti-tank</a> (HEAT) rounds. HE rounds can be used against troops or unarmored structures or vehicles. HEAT rounds can be used against armored vehicles. These warheads are affixed to a <a href="/wiki/Rocket_motor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket motor">rocket motor</a> and stabilized in flight with fins. Some types of RPG are single-use disposable units, such as the <a href="/wiki/RPG-22" title="RPG-22">RPG-22</a> and <a href="/wiki/M72_LAW" title="M72 LAW">M72 LAW</a>; with these units, once the rocket is fired, the entire launcher is disposed of. Others are reloadable, such as the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a> and the Israeli <a href="/wiki/B-300" title="B-300">B-300</a>. With reloadable RPGs, a new rocket can be inserted into the muzzle of the weapon after firing. </p><p>An issue that affected the earliest RPG weapon systems such as the German <a href="/wiki/Panzerschreck" title="Panzerschreck">Panzerschreck</a> was that rocket motor propellant could harm the operator. The weapon therefore featured a metal shield attached to the launch tube to protect the operator’s face from the blast. With later designs such as the RPG-7, the rocket exits the launcher with a low-powered <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> charge, and the main rocket motor then fires after the rocket has travelled 10 m (33 ft). In some other designs, the propellant charge burns completely within the tube. </p><p>An RPG is an inexpensive way for an infantryman to safely deliver an explosive payload or warhead over a short distance with reasonable accuracy. Substantially more expensive guided <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-tank missile">anti-tank missiles</a> are used at larger distances when accuracy or an overfly top attack are paramount. Anti-tank missiles such as the <a href="/wiki/AT-3_Sagger" class="mw-redirect" title="AT-3 Sagger">Malyutka</a> can be guided by the operator after firing by sight, heat sensors or IR signatures; an RPG however is not guided towards the target. Nor can RPG rockets be controlled in flight after being aimed and launched. While the lack of active targeting technologies or after-firing guidance input can be viewed as a weakness, it also makes RPGs cheap and hard to defend against with electronic countermeasures or decoying. For example, if a soldier or other fighter launches an RPG at a hovering helicopter, even if the helicopter releases flares to confuse optical seekers, chaff to confuse radar, or engages in signal jamming, these will have no effect on an in-flight RPG warhead, even though these measures might protect against more sophisticated surface-to-air missiles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warheads">Warheads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Warheads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krtsanisi_National_Training_Center,_Georgia_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Krtsanisi_National_Training_Center%2C_Georgia_%285%29.jpg/220px-Krtsanisi_National_Training_Center%2C_Georgia_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Krtsanisi_National_Training_Center%2C_Georgia_%285%29.jpg/330px-Krtsanisi_National_Training_Center%2C_Georgia_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Krtsanisi_National_Training_Center%2C_Georgia_%285%29.jpg/440px-Krtsanisi_National_Training_Center%2C_Georgia_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgian</a> soldiers prepare to fire a rocket propelled grenade</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rebel_in_northern_Central_African_Republic_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rebel_in_northern_Central_African_Republic_04.jpg/220px-Rebel_in_northern_Central_African_Republic_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rebel_in_northern_Central_African_Republic_04.jpg/330px-Rebel_in_northern_Central_African_Republic_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rebel_in_northern_Central_African_Republic_04.jpg/440px-Rebel_in_northern_Central_African_Republic_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>A rebel in the northern <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> holding a loaded RPG</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_19_11_-_Manten_military_base_in_the_liberated_areas,_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_19_11_-_Manten_military_base_in_the_liberated_areas%2C_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tif/lossy-page1-220px-ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_19_11_-_Manten_military_base_in_the_liberated_areas%2C_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_19_11_-_Manten_military_base_in_the_liberated_areas%2C_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tif/lossy-page1-330px-ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_19_11_-_Manten_military_base_in_the_liberated_areas%2C_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_19_11_-_Manten_military_base_in_the_liberated_areas%2C_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tif/lossy-page1-440px-ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_19_11_-_Manten_military_base_in_the_liberated_areas%2C_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4768" data-file-height="3227" /></a><figcaption>Guerilla of the <a href="/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde" title="African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde">PAIGC</a> resistance movement against Portugal holding an RPG in <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a>, 1974</figcaption></figure> <p>The HEAT (<a href="/wiki/High-explosive_anti-tank" title="High-explosive anti-tank">high-explosive anti-tank</a>) round is a standard shaped charge warhead, similar in concept to those used in many tank cannon rounds. In this type of warhead, the shape of the explosive material within the warhead focuses the explosive energy on a copper (or similar metal) lining. This heats the metal lining and propels some of it forward at a very high velocity in a highly plastic state. The resulting narrow jet of metal can defeat armor equivalent to several hundred millimeters of RHA, such as that used in light and medium armored vehicles. However, heavily armored vehicles, such as main battle tanks, are generally too well armored to be penetrated by an RPG, unless weaker sections of the armor are exploited. Various warheads are also capable of causing secondary damage to vulnerable systems (especially sights, tracks, rear and roof of turrets) and other soft targets. The warhead detonates on impact or when the fuse runs out; usually the fuse is set to the maximum burn of the rocket motor, but it can be shortened for <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(1993)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (1993)">improvised anti aircraft</a> purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-maritimesecurity_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maritimesecurity-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Specialized warheads are available for illumination, smoke, tear gas, and white phosphorus. Russia, China, and many former Warsaw Pact nations have also developed a <a href="/wiki/Thermobaric_weapon" title="Thermobaric weapon">fuel-air explosive</a> (thermobaric) warhead. Another recent development is a tandem HEAT warhead<sup id="cite_ref-strategypage_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strategypage-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> capable of penetrating <a href="/wiki/Reactive_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactive armor">reactive armor</a>. </p><p>So-called PRIGs (propelled recoilless improvised grenade) were improvised warheads used by the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional IRA">Provisional IRA</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effectiveness">Effectiveness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Effectiveness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/RPG-29" title="RPG-29">RPG-29</a> uses a <a href="/wiki/Tandem-charge" title="Tandem-charge">tandem-charge</a> <a href="/wiki/High-explosive_anti-tank" title="High-explosive anti-tank">high-explosive anti-tank</a> warhead to penetrate <a href="/wiki/Explosive_reactive_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosive reactive armor">explosive reactive armor</a> (ERA) as well as composite armor behind it. </p><p>In August 2006, in <a href="/wiki/Al-Amarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Amarah">al-Amarah</a>, in Iraq, a Soviet RPG-29 damaged the front underside of a Challenger 2 tank, detonating ERA in the area of the driver's cabin. The driver lost part of a foot and two more of the crew were injured, but the driver was able to reverse 2.4 km (1.5 mi) to an aid post. The incident was not made public until May 2007; in response to accusations, the MoD said "We have never claimed that the Challenger 2 is impenetrable." Since then, the ERA has been replaced with a <a href="/wiki/Chobham_armour" title="Chobham armour">Dorchester block</a> and the steel underbelly lined with armor, as part of the 'Streetfighter' upgrade, which was a direct response to this incident.<sup id="cite_ref-Rayment_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rayment-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2008, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> disclosed that an American M1 tank had also been damaged by an RPG-29 in Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American army is ranking the <a href="/wiki/RPG-29" title="RPG-29">RPG-29</a> threat to American armor as high; they have refused to allow the newly formed Iraqi army to buy it, fearing that it would fall into the hands of insurgents.<sup id="cite_ref-Grant_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various armies and manufacturers have developed add-on tank armor and other systems for <a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">urban combat</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tank_Urban_Survival_Kit" class="mw-redirect" title="Tank Urban Survival Kit">Tank Urban Survival Kit</a> (TUSK) for M1 Abrams, <a href="/wiki/Slat_armor" title="Slat armor">slat armor</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Stryker" title="Stryker">Stryker</a>, ERA kit for the <a href="/wiki/FV432_AFV" class="mw-redirect" title="FV432 AFV">FV432</a>, AZUR for <a href="/wiki/Leclerc_tank" title="Leclerc tank">Leclerc</a>, and others. Similar solutions are <a href="/wiki/Active_protection_system" title="Active protection system">active protection systems</a> (APS), engaging and destroying closing projectiles, such as the Russian <a href="/wiki/Drozd" title="Drozd">Drozd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arena_Active_Protection_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Arena Active Protection System">Arena</a>, as well as the recent Israeli <a href="/wiki/Trophy_Active_Protection_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Trophy Active Protection System">Trophy Active Protection System</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/RPG-30" title="RPG-30">RPG-30</a> was designed to address the threat of active protection systems on tanks by using a false target to trick the APS.<sup id="cite_ref-ARMS-TASS_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARMS-TASS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RPG-30 shares a close resemblance with the <a href="/wiki/RPG-27" title="RPG-27">RPG-27</a> in that it is a man-portable, disposable anti-tank rocket launcher with a single-shot capacity. However, unlike the RPG-27, there is a smaller diameter precursor round in a smaller side barrel tube in addition to the main round in the main tube. This precursor round acts as a false target, tricking the target's active protection system into engaging it, allowing the main round a clear path into the target, while the APS is stuck in the 0.2–0.4 second delay it needs to start its next engagement. Recent German systems were able to reduce reaction delay to mere milliseconds, cancelling this advantage.<sup id="cite_ref-ARMS-TASS_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARMS-TASS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The PG-30 is the main round of the RPG-30. The round is a 105 mm (4.1 in) tandem shaped charge with a weight of 10.3 kg (23 lb) and has a range of 200 m (660 ft) and a stated penetration capability in excess of 600 mm (24 in) <a href="/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolled homogeneous armor">rolled homogeneous armor</a> (RHA) (after ERA), 1,500 mm (59 in) reinforced concrete, 2,000 mm (79 in), and 3,700 mm (150 in) of soil.<sup id="cite_ref-ARMS-TASS_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARMS-TASS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reactive armor, including explosive reactive armor (ERA), can be defeated with multiple hits into the same place, such as by tandem-charge weapons, which fire two or more shaped charges in rapid succession. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protection">Protection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An early method of disabling shaped charges developed during World War II was to apply thin skirt armor or meshwire at a distance around the hull and turret of the tank. The skirt or mesh armor (<a href="/wiki/Cage_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cage armor">cage armor</a>) triggers the RPG on contact and much of the energy that a shaped charge produces dissipates before coming into contact with the main armor of the vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-stugiii_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stugiii-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Well-sloped armor also gives some protection because the shaped charge is forced to penetrate a greater amount of armor due to the oblique angle.<sup id="cite_ref-panzerworld_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-panzerworld-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The benefits of cage armor are still considered great in modern battlefields in the Middle East,<sup id="cite_ref-defensetech_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defensetech-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and although similar effects can be obtained using <a href="/wiki/Spaced_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaced armor">spaced armor</a>, either as a part of the original design or as <a href="/wiki/Appliqu%C3%A9_armor#Appliqué_armour" class="mw-redirect" title="Appliqué armor">appliqué armor</a> fitted later, cage armor is preferable due to its low weight and ease of repair. </p><p>Today, technologically advanced armies have implemented <a href="/wiki/Composite_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Composite armor">composite armors</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Chobham_armour" title="Chobham armour">Chobham armour</a>, which provide superior protection to steel. For added protection, vehicles may be retrofitted with reactive armor; on impact, reactive tiles explode or deform, disrupting the normal function of the shaped charge. Russian and Israeli vehicles also use active protection systems such as Drozd, Arena APS or Trophy. Such a system detects and shoots down incoming projectiles before they reach the vehicle. As in all arms races, these developments in armor countermeasures have led to the development of RPG rounds designed specifically to defeat them, with methods such as a tandem-charge warhead, which has two shaped charges, of which the first is meant to activate any reactive armor, and the second to penetrate the vehicle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weapons_by_country">Weapons by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Weapons by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation">Soviet Union and Russian Federation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Soviet Union and Russian Federation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces" title="List of equipment of the Russian Ground Forces">Specific types of RPGs (current, past and under development) include</a>: </p> <ul><li>Anti-personnel explosives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a>: Reloadable RPG launcher, TBG-7V <a href="/wiki/Thermobaric_weapon" title="Thermobaric weapon">thermobaric</a> rocket and OG-7V <a href="/wiki/Fragmentation_(weaponry)" title="Fragmentation (weaponry)">fragmentation</a> grenade</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-27" title="RPG-27">RPG-27</a> "Tavolga": One-shot disposable RPG launcher, RShG-1 <a href="/wiki/Thermobaric_weapon" title="Thermobaric weapon">thermobaric</a> rockets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RShG-1" class="mw-redirect" title="RShG-1">RShG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RShG-2" class="mw-redirect" title="RShG-2">RShG-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-29" title="RPG-29">RPG-29</a> "Vampir": Reloadable RPG launcher, TBG-29 <a href="/wiki/Thermobaric_weapon" title="Thermobaric weapon">thermobaric</a> rockets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPO_Rys" title="RPO Rys">RPO Rys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPO-A_Shmel" title="RPO-A Shmel">RPO-A Shmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGK_Bur" class="mw-redirect" title="MGK Bur">MGK Bur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRO-A" title="MRO-A">MRO-A</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anti-tank explosives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RPG-1" title="RPG-1">RPG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-2" title="RPG-2">RPG-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a>: Reloadable RPG launcher, PG-7VL with ≈500 mm (20 in) <a href="/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolled homogeneous armor">RHA</a> penetration, PG-7VR with ≈600 mm (24 in) <a href="/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolled homogeneous armor">RHA</a> penetration after <a href="/wiki/Reactive_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactive armor">ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-16" title="RPG-16">RPG-16</a>: Reloadable RPG launcher, PG-16 with ≈300 mm (12 in) <a href="/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolled homogeneous armor">RHA</a> penetration, higher accuracy and four times the range of the <a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-18" title="RPG-18">RPG-18</a> "Muha (Fly)": One-shot disposable RPG launcher, PG-18 with ≈375 mm (14.8 in) <a href="/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolled homogeneous armor">RHA</a> penetration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-22" title="RPG-22">RPG-22</a> "Netto (Nett)": One-shot disposable RPG launcher, PG-22 with ≈400 mm (16 in) <a href="/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolled homogeneous armor">RHA</a> penetration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-26" title="RPG-26">RPG-26</a> "Aglen": One-shot disposable RPG launcher, PG-26 with ≈500 mm (20 in) <a href="/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolled homogeneous armor">RHA</a> penetration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-27" title="RPG-27">RPG-27</a> "Tavolga": One-shot disposable RPG launcher, PG-27 with ≈750 mm (30 in) <a href="/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolled homogeneous armor">RHA</a> penetration after <a href="/wiki/Reactive_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactive armor">ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-28" title="RPG-28">RPG-28</a> "Klyukva": One-shot disposable RPG launcher, with ≈1,000 mm (39 in) <a href="/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolled homogeneous armor">RHA</a> penetration after <a href="/wiki/Reactive_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactive armor">ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-29" title="RPG-29">RPG-29</a> "Vampir": Reloadable RPG launcher, PG-29V with ≈750 mm (30 in) <a href="/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolled homogeneous armor">RHA</a> penetration after <a href="/wiki/Reactive_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactive armor">ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-30" title="RPG-30">RPG-30</a> One-shot disposable RPG launcher, with a 'precursor' forerunner additional sub-munition, intended to defeat Active Defense Systems like <a href="/wiki/Trophy_(countermeasure)" title="Trophy (countermeasure)">Trophy</a>. ≈650 mm (26 in) <a href="/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolled homogeneous armor">RHA</a> penetration after active protection.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-32" title="RPG-32">RPG-32</a> "Barkas": Latest variant of RPG 105 mm (4.1 in) Caliber, PG-32V with ≈650 mm (26 in) <a href="/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolled homogeneous armor">RHA</a> penetration</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunker_buster" title="Bunker buster">Bunker buster</a> explosives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RPG-27#RMG" title="RPG-27">RMG</a> One-shot disposable RPG launcher of 105 mm (4.1 in) Caliber, PG-27V with ≈120 mm (4.7 in) <a href="/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolled homogeneous armor">RHA</a> penetration<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> developed a lightweight antitank weapon (LAW) in the middle 1950s. By 1961, the <a href="/wiki/M72_LAW" title="M72 LAW">M72 LAW</a> was in use. It is a shoulder-fired, disposable rocket launcher with HEAT warhead. It is a recoilless weapon, which is easy to use, and effective against armored vehicles. It was used during the Vietnam War, and is still in use today. It uses a fin-stabilized rocket. In response to the threat of thicker armor, this weapon was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/AT4" title="AT4">AT4</a> recoilless rifle, a larger & non-collapsible – albeit still single-shot weapon. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a> also use a different launcher, which is reloadable – the <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_8.4cm_recoilless_rifle#2011:_M3_MAAWS" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Gustaf 8.4cm recoilless rifle">M3 Multi-role Anti-armor Anti-tank Weapon System</a> (MAAWs) derived from the <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_8.4cm_recoilless_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Gustaf 8.4cm recoilless rifle">84mm Carl Gustav</a> and the 83mm <a href="/wiki/Shoulder-Launched_Multipurpose_Assault_Weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder-Launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon">Shoulder-Launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon</a> (SMAW) derived from the Israeli B-300. Unlike the RPG, they are both reloaded from the breech-end rather than the muzzle. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazooka" title="Bazooka">Bazooka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M72_LAW" title="M72 LAW">M72 LAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_8.4_cm_recoilless_rifle#2011_–_M3_in_USA_(M3_MAAWS)" title="Carl Gustaf 8.4 cm recoilless rifle">M3 Multi-role Anti-armor Anti-tank Weapon System (MAAWS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_153_Shoulder-Launched_Multipurpose_Assault_Weapon_(SMAW)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mk 153 Shoulder-Launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon (SMAW)">Mk 153 Shoulder-Launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon (SMAW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M141_Bunker_Defeat_Munition" title="M141 Bunker Defeat Munition">M141 Bunker Defeat Munition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSRL-1" title="PSRL-1">PSRL-1</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LRAC_F1" title="LRAC F1">LRAC F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APILAS" title="APILAS">RAC 112 (Apilas)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raketenpanzerb%C3%BCchse_Panzerschreck" class="mw-redirect" title="Raketenpanzerbüchse Panzerschreck">Raketenpanzerbüchse Panzerschreck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerfaust_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzerfaust 2">Panzerfaust 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerfaust_3" title="Panzerfaust 3">Panzerfaust 3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B-300" title="B-300">B-300</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mk_153_Shoulder-Launched_Multipurpose_Assault_Weapon_(SMAW)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mk 153 Shoulder-Launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon (SMAW)">SMAW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IMI_Shipon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IMI Shipon (page does not exist)">IMI Shipon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATADOR" title="MATADOR">MATADOR</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C90-CR_(M3)" title="C90-CR (M3)">C90-CR (M3)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Czechoslovakia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RPG-75" title="RPG-75">RPG-75</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RPG-76_Komar" title="RPG-76 Komar">RPG-76 Komar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia">Serbia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Serbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M90_Str%C5%A1ljen" title="M90 Stršljen">M90 Stršljen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Yugoslavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M79_Osa" title="M79 Osa">M79 Osa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M80_Zolja" title="M80 Zolja">M80 Zolja</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_69_RPG" title="Type 69 RPG">Type 69 RPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-89" title="PF-89">PF-89</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestine">Palestine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Palestine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bana" title="Al-Bana">Al-Bana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batar" title="Batar">Batar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasin_(RPG)" title="Yasin (RPG)">Yasin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RK-4_Ingul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RK-4 Ingul (page does not exist)">RK-4 Ingul</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tactics">Tactics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RPG_soldier_and_squad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/RPG_soldier_and_squad.jpg/170px-RPG_soldier_and_squad.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/RPG_soldier_and_squad.jpg/255px-RPG_soldier_and_squad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/RPG_soldier_and_squad.jpg/340px-RPG_soldier_and_squad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="2596" /></a><figcaption>A Bulgarian soldier aims an RPG.</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the first instances the weapon was used by militants was on January 13, 1975, at <a href="/wiki/Orly_Airport" title="Orly Airport">Orly Airport</a> in France, when <a href="/wiki/Carlos_the_Jackal" title="Carlos the Jackal">Carlos the Jackal</a>, together with another member from the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a>, used two Soviet RPG-7 grenades to attack an Israeli <a href="/wiki/El_Al" title="El Al">El Al</a> airliner. Both missed the target, with one hitting a <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav Airlines">Yugoslav Airlines</a>'s <a href="/wiki/DC-9" class="mw-redirect" title="DC-9">DC-9</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Wardlaw_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wardlaw-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Afghanistan, <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a> guerrillas used RPG-7s to destroy <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> vehicles. To assure a kill, two to four RPG operators would be assigned to each vehicle. Each armored-vehicle hunter-killer team can have as many as 15 RPGs.<sup id="cite_ref-hunter-killer_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunter-killer-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In areas where vehicles were confined to a single path (a mountain road, swamps, snow, urban areas), RPG teams trapped convoys by destroying the first and last vehicles in line, preventing movement of the other vehicles. This tactic was especially effective in cities. Convoys learned to avoid approaches with overhangs and to send infantrymen forward in hazardous areas to detect the RPG teams. </p><p>Multiple shooters were also effective against heavy tanks with <a href="/wiki/Reactive_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactive armor">reactive armor</a>: The first shot would be against the driver's viewing prisms. Following shots would be in pairs, one to set off the reactive armor, the second to penetrate the tank's armor. Favored weak spots were the top and rear of the turret.<sup id="cite_ref-Grant_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrau19986–8_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrau19986–8-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Afghans sometimes used RPG-7s at extreme range, exploded by their 4.5-second self-destruct timer, which translates to roughly 950 m (3,120 ft) flight distance, as a method of long distance approach denial for infantry and reconnaissance.<sup id="cite_ref-Harnden_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harnden-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most noteworthy use of RPGs against aircraft in Afghanistan occurred on August 6, 2011, when Taliban fighters shot down a U.S. CH-47 Chinook helicopter killing all 38 personnel on board including SEAL Team 6 from a range of 220 m (720 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An earlier anti-aircraft kill by the Taliban occurred during Operation Red Wings, on June 28, 2005, when a Chinook helicopter was destroyed by unguided rocket propelled grenades. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Iraq (2003–2011)">period following the 2003 invasion of Iraq</a>, the RPG-7 became a favorite weapon of the insurgent forces fighting U.S. troops. Since most of the readily available <a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a> rounds cannot penetrate <a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams" title="M1 Abrams">M1 Abrams</a> tank armor from almost any angle, it is primarily effective against soft-skinned or lightly armored vehicles, and infantry. Even if the RPG hit does not completely disable the tank or kill the crew, it can still damage external equipment, lowering the tank's effectiveness or forcing the crew to abandon and destroy it. Newer RPG-7 rounds are more capable, and in August 2006, an RPG-29 round penetrated the frontal ERA of a <a href="/wiki/Challenger_2" title="Challenger 2">Challenger 2</a> tank during an engagement in <a href="/wiki/Al-Amarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Amarah">al-Amarah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, and wounded several crew members.<sup id="cite_ref-Rayment_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rayment-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>RPGs were a main tool used by the <a href="/wiki/FMLN" class="mw-redirect" title="FMLN">FMLN</a>'s guerrilla forces in the <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a>. For example, during the June 19, 1986, overrun of the San Miguel Army base, FMLN sappers dressed only in black shorts, their faces blacked out with grease, sneaked through barbed wire at night, avoiding the searchlights, they made it to within firing range of the outer wall. Using RPGs to initiate the attack, they blew through the wall and killed a number of Salvadorean soldiers. They eliminated the outermost sentries and searchlights with the rockets, then made it into the inner wall, which they also punched through. They were then able to create mayhem as their comrades attacked from the outside.<sup id="cite_ref-Spencer_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First</a> (1994–1996) and <a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen Wars</a> (1999–2009), <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechen</a> rebels used RPGs to attack Russian tanks from basements and high rooftops. This tactic was effective because tank main guns could not be depressed or raised far enough to return fire, in addition, armor on the very top and bottom of tanks is usually the weakest. Russian forces had to rely on <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> suppression, good crew gunners and infantry screens to prevent such attacks. Tank columns were eventually protected by attached <a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_anti-aircraft_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun">self-propelled anti-aircraft guns</a> (<a href="/wiki/ZSU-23-4_Shilka" title="ZSU-23-4 Shilka">ZSU-23-4 Shilka</a>, <a href="/wiki/9K22_Tunguska" class="mw-redirect" title="9K22 Tunguska">9K22 Tunguska</a>) used in the ground role to suppress and destroy Chechen ambushes. Chechen fighters formed independent "cells" that worked together to destroy a specific Russian armored target. Each cell contained small arms and some form of RPG (<a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a>V or <a href="/wiki/RPG-18" title="RPG-18">RPG-18</a>, for example). The small arms were used to button the tank up and keep any infantry occupied, while the RPG gunner struck at the tank. While doing so, other teams would attempt to fire at the target in order to overwhelm the Russians' ability to effectively counter the attack. To further increase the chance of success, the teams took up positions at different elevations where possible. Firing from the third and higher floors allowed good shots at the weakest armor (the top).<sup id="cite_ref-Chechnya_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chechnya-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Russians began moving in tanks fitted with <a href="/wiki/Reactive_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactive armor">explosive reactive armor</a> (ERA), the Chechens had to adapt their tactics, because the RPGs they had access to were unlikely to result in the destruction of the tank. </p><p>Using RPGs as improvised anti-aircraft batteries has proved successful in Somalia, Afghanistan, and Chechnya. <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">Helicopters</a> are typically ambushed as they land, take off or hover. In <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a> often modified RPGs for use against Soviet helicopters by adding a curved pipe to the rear of the launcher tube, which diverted the backblast, allowing the RPG to be fired upward at aircraft from a prone position. This made the operator less visible prior to firing and decreased the risk of injury from hot exhaust gases. The Mujahideen also utilized the 4.5-second timer on RPG rounds to make the weapon function as part of a <a href="/wiki/Flak" class="mw-redirect" title="Flak">flak</a> battery, using multiple launchers to increase hit probabilities. At the time, Soviet helicopters countered the threat from RPGs at landing zones by first clearing them with anti-personnel <a href="/wiki/Suppression_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppression fire">saturation fire</a>. The Soviets also varied the number of accompanying helicopters (two or three) in an effort to upset Afghan force estimations and preparation. In response, the Mujahideen prepared dug-in firing positions with top cover, and again, Soviet forces altered their tactics by using air-dropped <a href="/wiki/Thermobaric_weapon" title="Thermobaric weapon">thermobaric fuel-air bombs</a> on such landing zones. As the U.S.-supplied <a href="/wiki/FIM-92_Stinger" title="FIM-92 Stinger">Stinger</a> <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missiles</a> became available to them, the Afghans abandoned RPG attacks as the smart missiles proved especially efficient in the destruction of unarmed Soviet transport helicopters, such as <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-17" title="Mil Mi-17">Mil Mi-17</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, both of the <a href="/wiki/UH-60_Black_Hawk" class="mw-redirect" title="UH-60 Black Hawk">UH-60 Black Hawk</a> helicopters lost by U.S. forces during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(1993)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (1993)">Battle of Mogadishu</a> in 1993 were downed by RPG-7s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazooka" title="Bazooka">Bazooka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commando_mortar" title="Commando mortar">Commando mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenade_launcher" title="Grenade launcher">Grenade launcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MANPATS" class="mw-redirect" title="MANPATS">MANPATS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerfaust_3" title="Panzerfaust 3">Panzerfaust 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifle_grenade" title="Rifle grenade">Rifle grenade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder-fired_missile" title="Shoulder-fired missile">Shoulder-fired missile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket-assisted_projectile" title="Rocket-assisted projectile">Rocket-assisted projectile</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dictionary_army-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_army_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPeter_E._Kaiser2001" class="citation book cs1">Peter E. Kaiser (2001). Jarold E. Brown (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ygqNt3ra-vYC&pg=PA403"><i>Historical dictionary of the U.S. Army</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29322-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29322-1"><bdi>978-0-313-29322-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201165302/https://books.google.com/books?id=ygqNt3ra-vYC&pg=PA403">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+the+U.S.+Army&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-313-29322-1&rft.au=Peter+E.+Kaiser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DygqNt3ra-vYC%26pg%3DPA403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocket-propelled+grenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-howstuffworks-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-howstuffworks_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.howstuffworks.com/rpg.htm">How Rocket-Propelled Grenades Work</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090321195655/http://science.howstuffworks.com/rpg.htm">Archived</a> March 21, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> howstuffworks.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-militaryfactory-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-militaryfactory_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=10">"RPG-7 – Rocket-Propelled Grenade Launcher – History, Specs and Pictures – Military, Security and Civilian Guns and Equipment"</a>. Militaryfactory.com. November 21, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140404113534/http://militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=10">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RPG-7+%E2%80%93+Rocket-Propelled+Grenade+Launcher+%E2%80%93+History%2C+Specs+and+Pictures+%E2%80%93+Military%2C+Security+and+Civilian+Guns+and+Equipment&rft.pub=Militaryfactory.com&rft.date=2013-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryfactory.com%2Fsmallarms%2Fdetail.asp%3Fsmallarms_id%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocket-propelled+grenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rottman-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rottman_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rottman_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rottman_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rottman_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRottman2005" class="citation book cs1">Rottman, Gordon (2005). <i>World War II Infantry Anti-Tank Tactics</i>. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 15–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1841768427" title="Special:BookSources/978-1841768427"><bdi>978-1841768427</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+Infantry+Anti-Tank+Tactics&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=15-17&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1841768427&rft.aulast=Rottman&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocket-propelled+grenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norris-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Norris_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norris_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norris_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorris1997" class="citation book cs1">Norris, John (1997). <i>Brassey's Modern Military Equipment: Anti-tank weapons</i>. London: Brasseys UK Ltd. pp. 7–21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1857531770" title="Special:BookSources/978-1857531770"><bdi>978-1857531770</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brassey%27s+Modern+Military+Equipment%3A+Anti-tank+weapons&rft.place=London&rft.pages=7-21&rft.pub=Brasseys+UK+Ltd&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1857531770&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocket-propelled+grenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford Advanced Lerner's Dictionary of Current English, New Edition, Cornelsen & Oxford, A S Hornby, 5th edition, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gander-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gander_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gander_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gander_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gander_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanderChamberlain1974" class="citation book cs1">Gander, Terry; Chamberlain, Peter (1974). <i>World War II Fact Files: Anti-tank Weapons</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RMG+%E2%80%93+Modern+Firearms&rft.date=2010-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmodernfirearms.net%2Fen%2Fgrenade-launchers%2Frussia-grenade-launchers%2Frmg-eng%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocket-propelled+grenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weaponsystems.net/weaponsystem/BB04+-+RPG-27.html">"RPG-27 - Weaponsystems.net"</a>. <i>weaponsystems.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170403191638/http://weaponsystems.net/weaponsystem/BB04+-+RPG-27.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=weaponsystems.net&rft.atitle=RPG-27+-+Weaponsystems.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweaponsystems.net%2Fweaponsystem%2FBB04%2B-%2BRPG-27.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocket-propelled+grenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=1074">"AirTronic PSRL-1 (RPG-7USA) Anti-Armor / Anti-Personnel Shoulder-Fired Rocket Launcher"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040244/https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=1074">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AirTronic+Precision+Shoulder-Fired+Rocket+Launcher+%28PSRL-1%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airtronic-usa.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fpsrl-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocket-propelled+grenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wardlaw-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wardlaw_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grant Wardlaw, Political terrorism: Theory, Tactics and Counter-Measures (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hunter-killer-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hunter-killer_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5NIDAAAAMBAJ&q=Afghanistan%29+have+adopting+tactics+that+included+forming+armor-vehicle+hunter-killer+teams&pg=PA67"><i>Popular Mechanics Mar 2004</i></a>. Hearst Magazines. March 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201165302/https://books.google.com/books?id=5NIDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA67&lpg=PA67&dq=Afghanistan)+have+adopting+tactics+that+included+forming+armor-vehicle+hunter-killer+teams&source=bl&ots=_CXmpN8osA&sig=TkmMa1Ls66uEMZF0q4_XlRj8jW4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VgkeT4mcAoPtrAeu86XMDA&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Afghanistan)%20have%20adopting%20tactics%20that%20included%20forming%20armor-vehicle%20hunter-killer%20teams&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Quercus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849168052" title="Special:BookSources/9781849168052"><bdi>9781849168052</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201165302/https://books.google.com/books?id=WYI0VodiSFkC&pg=PT608&dq=rpg+7+self-destruct+timer&hl=en&sa=X&ei=K_4fT6rLAsHRrQfk69iUDA&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=rpg%207%20self-destruct%20timer&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100430184415/http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/rusav/rusav.htm">"Russian-Manufactured Armored Vehicle Vulnerability in Urban Combat: The Chechnya Experience"</a>. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Military_Studies_Office" title="Foreign Military Studies Office">Foreign Military Studies Office</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/rusav/rusav.htm">the original</a> on April 30, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian-Manufactured+Armored+Vehicle+Vulnerability+in+Urban+Combat%3A+The+Chechnya+Experience&rft.place=Fort+Leavenworth%2C+Kansas&rft.pub=Foreign+Military+Studies+Office&rft.date=1997-01&rft.aulast=Grau&rft.aufirst=Lester+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffmso.leavenworth.army.mil%2Fdocuments%2Frusav%2Frusav.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocket-propelled+grenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRottman2010" class="citation book cs1">Rottman, Gordon L. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NDa1CwAAQBAJ"><i>The Rocket Propelled Grenade</i></a>. Weapon 2. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-153-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-153-5"><bdi>978-1-84908-153-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rocket+Propelled+Grenade&rft.series=Weapon+2&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84908-153-5&rft.aulast=Rottman&rft.aufirst=Gordon+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNDa1CwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocket-propelled+grenade" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnor1987" class="citation magazine cs1">Connor, Steve (July 23, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=60x9OSZQwZcC">"Ground wars"</a>. <i>New Scientist</i>. Reed Business Information. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0262-4079">0262-4079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Ground+wars&rft.date=1987-07-23&rft.issn=0262-4079&rft.aulast=Connor&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D60x9OSZQwZcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocket-propelled+grenade" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrau1998" class="citation magazine cs1">Grau, Lester W. (May–August 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moore.army.mil/infantry/magazine/issues/1998/MAY-AUG/pdfs/MAY-AUG199.pdf">"The RPG-7 on the Battlefields of Today and Tomorrow"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Infantry</i>. Fort Benning, GA: U.S. Army Infantry School. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-9532">0019-9532</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infantry&rft.atitle=The+RPG-7+on+the+Battlefields+of+Today+and+Tomorrow&rft.date=1998-05%2F1998-08&rft.issn=0019-9532&rft.aulast=Grau&rft.aufirst=Lester+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moore.army.mil%2Finfantry%2Fmagazine%2Fissues%2F1998%2FMAY-AUG%2Fpdfs%2FMAY-AUG199.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocket-propelled+grenade" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_RPG_series" title="Template:Russian RPG series"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_RPG_series" title="Template talk:Russian RPG series"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_RPG_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian RPG series"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_and_Russian_rocket-propelled_grenade_(RPG)_series" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">rocket-propelled grenade</a> (RPG) series</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Launchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reusable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RPG-1" title="RPG-1">RPG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-2" title="RPG-2">RPG-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RPG-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RPG-4 (page does not exist)">RPG-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-16" title="RPG-16">RPG-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-29" title="RPG-29">RPG-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-32" title="RPG-32">RPG-32</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">One-shot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RPG-18" title="RPG-18">RPG-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-22" title="RPG-22">RPG-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-26" title="RPG-26">RPG-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-27" title="RPG-27">RPG-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-28" title="RPG-28">RPG-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-30" title="RPG-30">RPG-30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thermobaric_weapon" title="Thermobaric weapon">Thermobaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RPO_Rys" title="RPO Rys">RPO Rys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPO-A_Shmel" title="RPO-A Shmel">RPO-A Shmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPO_PDM-M" class="mw-redirect" title="RPO PDM-M">RPO PDM-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGK_Bur" class="mw-redirect" title="MGK Bur">MGK Bur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRO-A" title="MRO-A">MRO-A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Multipurpose warheads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RPG-27#RMG_variant" title="RPG-27">RMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RShG-1" class="mw-redirect" title="RShG-1">RShG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RShG-2" class="mw-redirect" title="RShG-2">RShG-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Hand <a href="/wiki/Grenade" title="Grenade">grenades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RPG-6" title="RPG-6">RPG-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-40" title="RPG-40">RPG-40</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RPG-41&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RPG-41 (page does not exist)">RPG-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-43" title="RPG-43">RPG-43</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Derivatives and other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PSRL-1" title="PSRL-1">PSRL-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_69_RPG" title="Type 69 RPG">Type 69 RPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasin_(RPG)" title="Yasin (RPG)">Yasin (RPG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-75" title="RPG-75">RPG-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-76_Komar" title="RPG-76 Komar">RPG-76 Komar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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