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Алфавит — Википеди

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href="#Грекъаг_алфавит_æмæ_йæ_фæдонтæ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Грекъаг алфавит æмæ йæ фæдонтæ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Грекъаг_алфавит_æмæ_йæ_фæдонтæ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Арамейаг_алфавит_æмæ_йæ_фæдонтæ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Арамейаг_алфавит_æмæ_йæ_фæдонтæ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Арамейаг алфавит æмæ йæ фæдонтæ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Арамейаг_алфавит_æмæ_йæ_фæдонтæ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Дамгъæты_нæмттæ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дамгъæты_нæмттæ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Дамгъæты нæмттæ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дамгъæты_нæмттæ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Нымæцон_нысаниуæг" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Нымæцон_нысаниуæг"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Нымæцон нысаниуæг</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Нымæцон_нысаниуæг-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Алфавитты_номхыгъд" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Алфавитты_номхыгъд"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Алфавитты номхыгъд</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Алфавитты_номхыгъд-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Авторты_нæмттæ_æмæ_сæ_алфавиттæ_кæд_сфæлдыстой" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Авторты_нæмттæ_æмæ_сæ_алфавиттæ_кæд_сфæлдыстой"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Авторты нæмттæ æмæ сæ алфавиттæ кæд сфæлдыстой</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Авторты_нæмттæ_æмæ_сæ_алфавиттæ_кæд_сфæлдыстой-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ноджы_ма_кæс:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ноджы_ма_кæс:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ноджы ма кæс:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ноджы_ма_кæс:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Фиппаинæгтæ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Фиппаинæгтæ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Фиппаинæгтæ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Фиппаинæгтæ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Литературæ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литературæ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Литературæ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литературæ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Æрвитæнтæ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Æрвитæнтæ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Æрвитæнтæ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Æрвитæнтæ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Содержание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Отобразить/Скрыть содержание" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Отобразить/Скрыть содержание</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Алфавит</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перейти к статье на другом языке. Доступно на 180 языках" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-180" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">180 языка</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%8B%E1%89%A4%E1%89%B5" title="አልፋቤት — амхарский" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አልፋቤት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abichi" title="Abichi — оболо" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Abichi" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="оболо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="वर्णमाला — ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ألفبائية — араббаг" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألفبائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араббаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A0%DC%A6%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%AC" title="ܐܠܦܒܝܬ — арамейский" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܠܦܒܝܬ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu" title="Alfabetu — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfabetu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itasinahikewin" title="Itasinahikewin — атикамек" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Itasinahikewin" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="атикамек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="वर्णमाला — авадхи" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авадхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Flifba" title="Əlifba — тӕтӕйраг" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əlifba" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="тӕтӕйраг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="الیفبا — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الیفبا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Алфавит — башкираг" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Алфавит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкираг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabeto" title="Alpabeto — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Alpabeto" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Алфавіт — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алфавіт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Альфабэт — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Альфабэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Азбука — болгайраг" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Азбука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгайраг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="वर्णमाला — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabit" title="Alpabit — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Alpabit" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="အက္ခရာႏ — Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အက္ခရာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="অশব্দীয় বর্ণমালা লিপি — бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অশব্দীয় বর্ণমালা লিপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95" title="মেয়েক — Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মেয়েক" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizherenneg" title="Lizherenneg — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizherenneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeceda" title="Abeceda — босниаг" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Abeceda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босниаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Үзэг бэшэг — бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үзэг бэшэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — каталайнаг" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталайнаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Абат — цӕцӕйнаг" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Абат" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="цӕцӕйнаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabeto" title="Alpabeto — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alpabeto" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8E" title="ئەلفوبێ — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلفوبێ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeceda" title="Abeceda — чехаг" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abeceda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чехаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Алфавит — чувашаг" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Алфавит" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwyddor_(iaith)" title="Gwyddor (iaith) — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwyddor (iaith)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — даниаг" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="даниаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachik%C9%94ba" title="Bachikɔba — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Bachikɔba" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet — немыцаг" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немыцаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AFn%C3%ABg%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Kïnëgäär — динка" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Kïnëgäär" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="динка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabe" title="Alfabe — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alfabe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%8A%DE%AA%DE%84%DE%A7" title="އަލިފުބާ — мальдивский" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަލިފުބާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="мальдивский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Αλφάβητο — бердзейнаг" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλφάβητο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="бердзейнаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet — англисаг" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англисаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto — есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto — испайнаг" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испайнаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4hestik" title="Tähestik — естойнаг" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tähestik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естойнаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto — баскаг" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu" title="Alfabetu — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Alfabetu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="الفبا — персайнаг" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الفبا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персайнаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aakkoset" title="Aakkoset — финнаг" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aakkoset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финнаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4hist%C3%BC" title="Tähistü — выруский" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tähistü" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="выруский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vola" title="Vola — фиджи" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vola" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фиджи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavra%C3%B0" title="Stavrað — фарераг" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Stavrað" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарераг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet — францаг" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="францаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%C3%A8t" title="Alfabèt — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Alfabèt" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeet" title="Alfabeet — северный фризский" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Alfabeet" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северный фризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — фриульский" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриульский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aib%C3%ADtir" title="Aibítir — ирландиаг" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aibítir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландиаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母 — гань" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="字母" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="гань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalfab%C3%A9" title="Lalfabé — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lalfabé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aibidil" title="Aibidil — гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aibidil" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achegety" title="Achegety — гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Achegety" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbyrlhit" title="Abbyrlhit — мэнский" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Abbyrlhit" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruffa" title="Haruffa — хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Haruffa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אלפבית — уираг" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="уираг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="वर्णमाला — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akchhar" title="Akchhar — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Akchhar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeceda" title="Abeceda — хорватаг" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abeceda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%C3%A8" title="Alfabè — гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alfabè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81b%C3%A9c%C3%A9" title="Ábécé — венгериаг" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ábécé" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгериаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B5%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Այբուբեն — сомихаг" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Այբուբեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="сомихаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B5%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Այբուբեն — западноармянский" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Այբուբեն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="западноармянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabeto" title="Alphabeto — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alphabeto" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atchagat" title="Atchagat — инупиак" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Atchagat" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="инупиак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabeto" title="Alpabeto — илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Alpabeto" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stafr%C3%B3f" title="Stafróf — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stafróf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto — италиаг" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="アルファベット — япойнаг" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルファベット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япойнаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%C3%A8t" title="Alfabèt — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alfabèt" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ანბანი — гуырдзиаг" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანბანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="гуырдзиаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agemmay" title="Agemmay — кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Agemmay" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%8D" title="Тхыпкъылъэ — кӕсгон" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тхыпкъылъэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="кӕсгон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mas%C9%A9_kpeekpe_p%C9%A9l%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Masɩ kpeekpe pɩlʊʊ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Masɩ kpeekpe pɩlʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Әліпби — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әліпби" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EC%86%8C%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="음소문자 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="음소문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Алфавит — бӕлхъӕрон" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Алфавит" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="бӕлхъӕрон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeet" title="Alfabeet — кёльнский" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Alfabeet" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="кёльнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabe" title="Alfabe — курдаг" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alfabe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytherennek" title="Lytherennek — корнский" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lytherennek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Алфавит — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алфавит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abecedarium" title="Abecedarium — латинаг" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Abecedarium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alefbet" title="Alefbet — ладино" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Alefbet" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet — люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta" title="Alfabeta — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abecee" title="Abecee — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Abecee" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afab%C9%9B%CC%81" title="Afabɛ́ — лингала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Afabɛ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C4%97c%C4%97l%C4%97" title="Abėcėlė — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abėcėlė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%C4%93ts" title="Alfabēts — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alfabēts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="वर्णमाला — майтхили" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="майтхили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Алфавитсь — мокшанский" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Алфавитсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокшанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidy" title="Abidy — малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abidy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тиштер — луговомарийский" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тиштер" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="луговомарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Азбука — мӕчъидон" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Азбука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="мӕчъидон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2" title="അക്ഷരമാല — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അക്ഷരമാല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Цагаан толгой — монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цагаан толгой" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0" title="मुळाक्षर — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मुळाक्षर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abjad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabett" title="Alfabett — мальтийский" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Alfabett" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="мальтийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc" title="Abc — мирандский" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Abc" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="အက္ခရာ — бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက္ခရာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arfabeto" title="Arfabeto — неаполитанский" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Arfabeto" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неаполитанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="वर्णात्मक लिपि — непальский" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वर्णात्मक लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%83" title="आखः — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आखः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਵਰਨਮਾਲਾ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਰਨਮਾਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="حروف تہجی — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="حروف تہجی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="الفبا — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="الفبا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto — португалиаг" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалиаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siq%27i_llumpa" title="Siq&#039;i llumpa — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Siq&#039;i llumpa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabb%C3%A8te" title="Alfabbète — Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Alfabbète" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Алфавит — уырыссаг" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алфавит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="уырыссаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Алфавіт — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Алфавіт" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="अक्षरमाला — санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अक्षरमाला" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Алпабыыт — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Алпабыыт" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu" title="Alfabetu — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Alfabetu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabbetu" title="Alfabbetu — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Alfabbetu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%BD%D8%A7" title="آئيوٽا — синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آئيوٽا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabehta" title="Alfabehta — северносаамский" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Alfabehta" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="северносаамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeceda_(jazykoveda)" title="Abeceda (jazykoveda) — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Abeceda (jazykoveda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="حروف تہجی — Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="حروف تہجی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeceda" title="Abeceda — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Abeceda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumbiro_re_Mabhi" title="Bumbiro re Mabhi — шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bumbiro re Mabhi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alifbeet" title="Alifbeet — сомали" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Alifbeet" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti" title="Alfabeti — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alfabeti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Алфабет — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алфабет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpab%C3%A9t" title="Alpabét — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alpabét" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti" title="Alfabeti — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alfabeti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabyt" title="Alfabyt — силезский" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Alfabyt" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="силезский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88" title="அகரவரிசை — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அகரவரிசை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2" title="అక్షరమాల — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అక్షరమాల" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3" title="อักษร — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elipbi%C3%BD" title="Elipbiý — туркменский" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Elipbiý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabeto" title="Alpabeto — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alpabeto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabe" title="Alfabe — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alfabe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84lifba" title="Älifba — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Älifba" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Абетка — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абетка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="حروف تہجی — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حروف تہجی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alifbo" title="Alifbo — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alifbo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_ch%E1%BB%AF_c%C3%A1i" title="Bảng chữ cái — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảng chữ cái" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafab" title="Lafab — волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lafab" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet — валлонский" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakadahan" title="Abakadahan — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Abakadahan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="字母系统 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="字母系统" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ანბანი — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ანბანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%98" title="אלפאבעט — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אלפאבעט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81b%C3%ADd%C3%AD" title="Ábídí — йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ábídí" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%AF%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2" title="ⴰⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰⵢ — тамазигхтский" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰⵢ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="тамазигхтский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="全音素文字 — китайаг" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="全音素文字" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайаг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%AB-b%C3%B3-h%C4%93" title="Jī-bó-hē — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jī-bó-hē" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%A5%97%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="一套字母 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="一套字母" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9779#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Æвзæгты ’хсæн æрвитæнтæ баив" class="wbc-editpage">Æрвитæнтæ ивын</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Номдæттæ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Фенын уац [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Уац</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C3%A6%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Фарсы тыххæй тæрхон (фарс нæй) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Тæрхон</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;veaction=edit" title="Фæив ацы фарс [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Ивын</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Бындур ивын</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=history" title="Ацы фарсæн йæ раздæры фæлтæртæ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Инструменты для страниц"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Фæрæзтæ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Фæрæзтæ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Фæрæзтæ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">переместить в боковую панель</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">бамбæхс</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Больше возможностей" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Архæйдтытæ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82"><span>Кæсын</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;veaction=edit" title="Фæив ацы фарс [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Ивын</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Бындур ивын</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=history"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Иумæйаг </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4:%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC%D0%A6%D1%8B%C3%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Ацы фарсмæ чи ’рвитынц, ахæм фæрсты номхыгъд [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Чи æрвиты ардæм</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C3%A6/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" rel="nofollow" title="Ацы фарс кæмæ æрвиты, уыцы фæрсты фæстаг ивдтытæ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Баст ивдтытæ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=os" title="Файлтæ бавгæнынæн [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Бавгæнын файл</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4:%D0%A1%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%A4%C3%A6%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Сæрмагонд фæрсты номхыгъд [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Сæрмагонд фæрстæ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;oldid=560613" title="Фарсы ацы фæлтæрмæ æрвитæн (фæрстæ ивынц, ацы фæлтæр — нæ)"><span>Иугæндзон æрвитæн</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=info" title="Ацы фарсы тыххæй"><span>Ацы фарсы тыххæй</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&amp;page=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;id=560613&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Информация о том, как цитировать эту страницу"><span>Куыд æрвитын ардæм</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fos.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2590%25D0%25BB%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582"><span>Получить короткий URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fos.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2590%25D0%25BB%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582"><span>Скачать QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Мыхуыр кæнын/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82"><span>Чиныг скæнын</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Æрбавгæн куыд PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;printable=yes" title="Ацы фарс мыхуырмæ цæттæ форматы [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Мыхурæн</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Æндæр проектты мидæг </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" hreflang="en"><span>Викисклад</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9779" title="Ссылка на связанный элемент репозитория данных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викиданныейы элемент</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Инструменты для страниц"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Внешний вид"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Внешний вид</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">переместить в боковую панель</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">бамбæхс</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Сæрибар энциклопеди Википедийы æрмæг.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="os" dir="ltr"><div class="dablink noprint" style="font-style:italic; padding-left:2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> Ацы терминæн ис æндæр нысаниуджытæ, кæс <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82_(%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%C3%A6)" class="mw-disambig" title="Алфавит (нысаниуджытæ)">Алфавит (нысаниуджытæ)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Phoenician_alphabet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Phoenician_alphabet.svg/300px-Phoenician_alphabet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Phoenician_alphabet.svg/450px-Phoenician_alphabet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Phoenician_alphabet.svg/600px-Phoenician_alphabet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="825" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Финикийаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">Финикийаг фыссынад</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Алфави́т</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Грекъаг æвзаг">гр.</a> <span lang="el"><span style="font-family: palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000, serif; font-size: 105%;">ἀλφάβητος</span></span>), уыййеддæмæ — <b>абетæ</b>&#160;— нысанты стандартон æмбырдмæ гæсгæ арæзт <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Фыссынад (фарс нæй)">фыссынады</a> формæ. Алфавиты хицæн нысантæ хуыйнынц <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%8A%C3%A6" title="Дамгъæ">дамгъæтæ</a> æмæ нысан кæнынц æвзаджы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%C3%A6" title="Фонемæ">фонемæтæ</a>, фæлæ иунысаниуæгон æмбарынæдты æмбæрдзинад <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дзуринаг мыр (фарс нæй)">мыр</a> ↔ <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%8A%C3%A6" title="Дамгъæ">дамгъæ</a></i> вæййы стæмхатт æмæ фылдæрхатт сæфт цæуы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%85%C3%A6%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дзыхæй ныхас (фарс нæй)">дзыхон æвзаджы</a> райрæзты дæргъы. </p><p>Алфавит хицæн кæны <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Пиктографион фыссынад (фарс нæй)">пиктографион</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Идеографион фыссынад (фарс нæй)">идеографион</a>) фыссынадæй, кæцыйы мидæг дамгъæтæ (нысантæ) нысан кæнынц æмбарынæдтæ (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Шумераг æвзаг (фарс нæй)">шумераг</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Цуркхуыз фыссынад (фарс нæй)">цуркхуыз фыссынад</a>), уый дарддæр ма <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Морфемон фыссынад (фарс нæй)">морфемон</a> æмæ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Логографион фыссынад (фарс нæй)">логографион</a> фыссынæдтæй, кæцыты мидæг нысантæ нысан кæнынц хицæн <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Морфемæ (фарс нæй)">морфемæтæ</a> (цæвиттон, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Китайаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">китайаг фыссынады</a>) кæнæ дзырдтæ. Бæрæг дарынц алфавитты ахæм хуызтæ: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Консонантон-вокалон фыссынад (фарс нæй)">Консонантон-вокалон алфавиттæ</a>&#160;— уыдон мидæг дамгъæтæ нысан кæнынц <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%8A%C3%A6%D0%BB%C3%A6%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Хъæлæсон (фарс нæй)">хъæлæсонтæ</a> æмæ <a href="/wiki/%C3%86%D0%BC%D1%85%D1%8A%C3%A6%D0%BB%C3%A6%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Æмхъæлæсон">æмхъæлæсонтæ</a> дæр;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Консонантон фыссынад (фарс нæй)">Консонантон алфавиттæ</a>&#160;— сæ дамгъæтæ нысан кæнынц æрмæст æмхъæлæсонтæ, хъæлæсонтæ та нысангонд цæуынц <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Диакритикон нысантæ (фарс нæй)">диакритикон нысанты</a> сæрмагонд системæйы æххуысæй (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%8A%C3%A6%D0%BB%C3%A6%D1%81%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%C3%A6%D0%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Хъæлæсæвдисæг (фарс нæй)">хъæлæсæвдисджытæ</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%C3%A6%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Уæнгон фыссынад (фарс нæй)">Уæнгон алфавитты</a>&#160;мидæг дамгъæтæ нысан кæнынц æнæхъæн <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%C3%A6%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Уæнг (æвзагзонынад) (фарс нæй)">уæнгтæ</a>, уыйхыгъд иухуызон æмхъæлæсон, фæлæ æндæрхуызон хъæлæсонтимæ уæнгтæ нысангонд куы цæуынц хæстæг нысантæй (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Индиаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">индиаг фыссынады</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Абугидæ (фарс нæй)">абугидæ</a> кæй хонынц, уыйхуызæттæй), æмæ куы дамгъæтæ нысан кæнынц æрмæст æндæрхуызон уæнгтæ (цæвиттон, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Канæ (фарс нæй)">канæ</a>). Уæнгон фыссынад уынгæг нысаниуæгмæ гæсгæ нымайæн ис æнæалфавитон фыссынадыл.</li></ul> <p>Хицæн фонемæтæн алыхуызон нысантæ пайдакæнынадæн лæгъстиаг у <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Фыссынад (фарс нæй)">фыссынады</a> дзæвгар хуымæтæгдзинад æмæ æнцонæмбарынад, уый тыххæй æмæ афтæмæй фыссæн системæйы пайдагонд цæуы нысанты къаддæр бæрц. Уыййеддæмæ дамгъæты рæнхъæвæрд у <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%C3%A6%D1%82%D0%BA%C3%A6%D0%B2%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Лексикографион фæткæвæрд (фарс нæй)">алфавитон сорткæнæны</a> бындур. </p><p>Алыхуызон æвзæгты <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Æвзаджы фонетикон системæ (фарс нæй)">фонетикон системæты</a> ахастон вазыгдзинад бадзырд æвæры алфавитты æнæмхуызон бæрцуат. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Гиннессы рекордты чиныг (фарс нæй)">Гиннессы рекордты чиныгмæ</a> гæсгæ æппæт æвзæгтæй фылдæр дамгъæтæ&#160;— 72&#160;— ис <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Кхмераг æвзаг">кхмераг æвзаджы</a>, тæккæ къаддæр&#160;— 12 (a, e, g, i, k, o, p, r, s, t, u, v) — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ротокас (фарс нæй)">ротокасы</a> æвзаджы, кæцыйыл дзурынц <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Бугенвиль (сакъадах) (фарс нæй)">Бугенвилы сакъадахы</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Папуа — Ног Гвиней">Папуа — Ног Гвиней</a>). Алфавиты тæккæ рагондæр дамгъæ у «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="О (фарс нæй)">о»</a>, уый баззади æнæивдæй, финикийаг алфавиты (мах дуджы агъоммæ 1300-æм азы цур) ист куы уыди, афтæмæй. (Ацы дамгъæ нысан кодта финикийаг æвзаджы æндæр, æмхъæлæсон мыр, фæлæ нырыккон «о» сæвзæрди уымæй). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Истори"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8"></span>Истори</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Хай ивын: Истори" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Истори»"><span>Бындур ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Сæйраг уац</i>&#58; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Алфавиты истори (фарс нæй)">Алфавиты истори</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Алфавиты принцип хъуыдыгонд æрцыд семитаг знæмтæй. Нæ эрæйы размæ 3-æм миназоны астæу сахар <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%B1%D0%BB%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Эблæ (фарс нæй)">Эблæйы</a> (нырыккон <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%85&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Тель-Мардих (фарс нæй)">Тель-Мардих</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сири">Сирийы</a> цæгат) фыстгæнджытæ сфæлдыстой <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Месопотами (фарс нæй)">Месопотамийæ</a> æрбайсгæ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Цуркхуыз фыссынад (фарс нæй)">цуркхуыз</a> уæнгнысанты классификаци, кæцыйæ пайда кодтой сæхи <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Эблаитаг æвзаг (фарс нæй)">эблаитаг</a> æмæ месопотамиаг <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Шумераг æвзаг (фарс нæй)">шумераг æвзагæн</a>. Ацы классификацийы фыстнысантæ рæнхъæвæрд цыдысты иудадзыг райдайæн æмхæлæсонтимæ алыхуызон хъæлæсонты мыруагмæ гæсгæ: ma, mi, mu (семитаг æвзæгты мидæг уыди æрмæст 3 хъæлæсоны: a, i, u). Куыд фендæуы, цуркхуыз æмæ египетаг идеографийы фæлварæнæй пайдакæнынады фæрцы, семитæгтæ нæ эрæйы размæ 2-æм миназоны 2-æм æмбисы райдайæны агъоммæ сфæлдыстой консонантон-уæнгон фыссынады ахæм сæрысæйраг хуыз, кæцыйы мидæг уыдысты алыхуызон хъæлæсонимæ бæтгæ (wa, wi, wu-йы хуызы уæнгонтæ, кæцытæ фыстæуыдысты иу нысанæй, цуркхуызфыстау æмæ æндæр раздæры алыхуызон нысантæй нæ фæлæ) æмхъæлæсон мырты дзурынæн нысантæ (цæвиттон, w). Æппæт фыссæн нысанты скондмæ хъæлæсонтæн нысантæ бавæрыны фæстæ кæронмæ æмæвæрд æрцыд алфавит куыд фонемæты фыстнысаниуæггæнæн фæткон æмбырдæг. </p><p>Тæккæ рагондæр уыд мах дуджы размæ 2-æм миназоны астæуæй бæрæг сахар-паддзахад <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Угарит (фарс нæй)">Угариты</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Угаритаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">алфавит</a>. Йæ нысанты рæнхъæвæрд сæйраджыдæр фидауы нæ эрæйы размæ 2-æм миназоны фæстаг æнустæй бæрæг <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Финикийаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">финикийаг</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Рагондзуттаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">рагондзуттаг</a> æмæ иуæй-иу æндæр <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ныгуылæнсемитаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">ныгуылæнсемитаг алфавитты</a> нысанты рæнхъæвæрдыл. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%C3%A6%D0%B3%D1%82%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Финикийæгтæ (фарс нæй)">Финикийæгтæ</a>, кæцытæ цардысты <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%C3%A6%D1%83%D0%B7%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Астæузæххон денджыз (фарс нæй)">Астæузæххон денджызы</a> скæсæйнаг былгæрон, рагон заманæй райдайгæйæ уыдысты зынгæ денджыздзаутæ. Уыдон парахат кодтой Астæузæххы падзахæдтимæ базарад. Финикийаг алфавитæй равзæрдысты грекъаг æмæ арамейаг алфавиттæ, кæцытæй фæзындис нырыккон фыссынады системæты фылдæр хай æмæ, уыдон дарддæр, фыссынады райрæзты бирæ «къуыммæдзыд хаххытæ»: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Чысылазиаг алфавиттæ (фарс нæй)">чысылазиаг алфавиттæ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ибераг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">ибераг фыссынад</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Нумидиаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">нумидиаг фыссынад</a> æмæ а. д. Финикийаг алфавиты дамгъæты рæнхъæвæрд ныронг зыны йæ байзæддаг алфавиттæн; дзырд «алфавит» йæхæдæг арæзтæуы дыууæ фыццаг дамгъæйы нæмттæй — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%C3%A6_(%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%8A%C3%A6)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Альфæ (дамгъæ) (фарс нæй)">альфæ</a>&#160;<span lang="el"><span style="font-family: palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000, serif; font-size: 105%;">ἄλφα</span></span>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Алеф (фарс нæй)">алеф</a> æмæ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%C3%A6_(%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%8A%C3%A6)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Бетæ (дамгъæ) (фарс нæй)">бетæ</a>&#160;<span lang="el"><span style="font-family: palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000, serif; font-size: 105%;">βῆτα</span></span>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82_(%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%8A%C3%A6)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Бет (дзуттаг алфавиты дамгъæ) (фарс нæй)">бет</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) </p><p>Хуссарсемитаг алфавит, кæцы æддæйæ иухуызон у финикийагимæ, равзæрди, куыд æй фенæн ис, уымæй нæ, фæлæ финикийаг алфавитимæ гипотетикон иумæйаг æвзагвыдæлæй; хуссарсемитаг фыссынады фæдон у нырыккон <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Эфиопаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">эфиопаг фыссынад</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Грекъаг_алфавит_æмæ_йæ_фæдонтæ"><span id=".D0.93.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.8A.D0.B0.D0.B3_.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.84.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.82_.C3.A6.D0.BC.C3.A6_.D0.B9.C3.A6_.D1.84.C3.A6.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.82.C3.A6"></span>Грекъаг алфавит æмæ йæ фæдонтæ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Хай ивын: Грекъаг алфавит æмæ йæ фæдонтæ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «Грекъаг алфавит æмæ йæ фæдонтæ»"><span>Бындур ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/300px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/450px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/600px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2898" data-file-height="3807" /></a><figcaption>Рагон фыссынæдты æмæ фыссыны зæронд стильты дæнцæгтæ. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7%C3%A6%D0%B3:%C3%86%D0%BD%C3%A6_%D1%82%C3%A6%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%C3%A6%D0%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Хуызæг:Æнæ тæлмацæй (фарс нæй)">Хуызæг:Æнæ тæлмацæй</a>, <a href="/wiki/1728-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1728-æм аз">1728-æм аз</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Мах эрæйы размæ 2-æм—1-æм миназонты ’хсæн (æвæццæгæн, цасдæр раджы) финикиаг 22-дамгъæйон алфавит ист æрцыд бердзенæй, кæцытæ йæ бæстонæй фендæрхуызон кодтой æмæ дзы сфæлдыстой æххæстæй систематизацигонд <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Грекъаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">рагонгрекъаг алфавит</a>. Алфавиты дамгъæтæ æмæ фонемæты ’хсæн æмбæрдзинад сси æмиунысанон: алфавиты иууыл нысантæ пайдагонд цыдысты æмаккаг фонемæты ныффыссынæн, æмæ алы фонемæйы аккаг сси кæцыдæр дамгъæ. Иухуызон миниуæгимæ уыд грекъагмæ хæстæг <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Этрускаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">этрускаг алфавит</a> æмæ йемæ иуæй-иу хæйтты æмхуызон <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Чысылазиаг алфавиттæ (фарс нæй)">чысылазиаг алфавиттæ</a> антикон рæстæг. 2-1-æм миназонтæ нæ эрæйы размæ кæцытæ фæзындысты, уыцы алфавиттæн сæ фылдæрты сфæлдисыны æмæ райрæзты истори ныронг у дискуссигæнгæ. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%C3%A6_%D1%8D%D1%80%C3%A6%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%C3%A6_I-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Нæ эрæйы агъоммæ I-æм миназон (фарс нæй)">Мах дуджы агъоммæ I-æм миназоны</a> Хуссар <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Итали">Итали</a> колонизацигонд æрцыд <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Грекъаг адæм">бердзенæй</a>. Уый фæрцы грекъаг фыссынадимæ базонгæ сты Италийы алыхуызон знæмтæ. Грекъаг алфавит ссис модель <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Латинаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">латинаг</a> æмæ æндæр (уыййеддæмæ этрускты дæр æндæвд райсгæ) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Италиаг алфавиттæ (фарс нæй)">италиаг</a> алфавитты аразынæн. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ромы импери">Ромы империйы</a> дуджы цыдис латинаг æвзаг æмæ фыссынады уæрæх æнхъæвзт. Йæ æндæвд фæтынгдæр ис Астæузаманы дуджы, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%C3%A6" title="Европæ">Европæйы</a> адæмыхаттытæ чырыстонад куы райстой, уæд. Латинаг сси литургион (хуыцаулæггадаг) æвзаг <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%C3%A6%D1%81%C3%A6%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%C3%A6" title="Скæсæн Европæ">Скæсæн Европæйы</a> иууыл паддзахады дæр, латинаг фыссынад та — литургион чингуыты иунæг æруадзгæ фыссынад. </p><p>Рагон Астæузаман грекъæгты раст кæнæ фæрссаг æндæвды руаджы цæуы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Сомихаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">сомихаг</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86" title="Месроп Маштоц">Месроп Маштоц</a>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гуырдзиаг алфавит">гуырдзиаг</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Готаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">готаг</a> (æвæццæгæн <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ульфила (фарс нæй)">Ульфила</a>), зæрондславяйнаг <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Глаголицæ (фарс нæй)">глаголицæ</a> æмæ <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Кириллон алфавит">кириллицæйы</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%C3%A6%D0%BC%C3%A6_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Кирилл æмæ Мефодий (фарс нæй)">Кирилл æмæ Мефодий</a> æмæ сæ ахуыргæнинæгтæ) æмæ иннæ алфавитты фæлдыст. Ацы алфавитты дæмгъæты нæмттæ æмæ формæ бæлвырдæй кæнæ бæрæг ивдтытимæ æмаккаг у грекъаг алфавиты. Нæуæг æвзæгтыл фыссынæн алфавиты дарддæры æнхъæвзт цыдис раджы фæлдыст алфавитты бындурыл, цæвиттон, латинаг, кириллон æмæ а. д. I-æм миназоны нæ эрæйы размæ æвдисæнгонд æрцыд <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Хуссараравиаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">хуссараравиаг алфавиттæ</a>, кæцытæ сты скæсæнсемитаг системæйы рагон къабазтæ. Документæм гæсгæ фыццаг бæрæг фыссынады сфæлдисаг Месроп Маштоц <a href="/wiki/406-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="406-æм аз">406-æм азы</a> сахартæ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Эдессæ (фарс нæй)">Эдессæ</a> æмæ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Самосатæ (фарс нæй)">Самосатæйы</a> сæххæст йæ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%84%C3%A6%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Сомихаг алфавиты сфæлдисыны истори (фарс нæй)">сомихаг алфавитыл куыст</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Арамейаг_алфавит_æмæ_йæ_фæдонтæ"><span id=".D0.90.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.B9.D0.B0.D0.B3_.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.84.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.82_.C3.A6.D0.BC.C3.A6_.D0.B9.C3.A6_.D1.84.C3.A6.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.82.C3.A6"></span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Арамейаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Арамейаг алфавит</a> æмæ йæ фæдонтæ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Хай ивын: Арамейаг алфавит æмæ йæ фæдонтæ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Арамейаг алфавит æмæ йæ фæдонтæ»"><span>Бындур ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Нæ эрæйы агъоммæ I-æм миназоны финикийагæй равзаргæ арамейаг алфавит бындур сæвæрдта Скæсæны бирæ фыссынæдтæн. Динты, паддзахæдты алыхуызонад æмæ цыфæндыдæр фыстæрмæджы хæрхад радта ахæм фæстиуæг, арамейаг алфавиты байзæддæгтæ тагъд модификацигонд æмæ ивд æрцыдысты суанг æнахуырдзинадмæ. </p><p>Иу версимæ гæсгæ, арамейаг алфавиты сæйраг фæдонтæ сты: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Брахми (фарс нæй)">брахми</a> æмæ уымæй равзæрст бирæнымæцон (сæдæйæ фылдæр) <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Инди">Индийы</a> æмæ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%BA%C3%A6%D1%81%C3%A6%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Хуссар-Скæсæйнаг Ази (фарс нæй)">Хуссар-Скæсæйнаг Азийы</a> алфавиттæ</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Кхароштхи (фарс нæй)">кхароштхи</a> (индиаг фыссынады райрæзты куыммæдзыд къабаз)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дзуттаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">дзуттаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Сириаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">сириаг фыссынад</a> æмæ йæ бирæнымæцон фæдонтæ, уыйхыгъд <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Мангойлаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">мангойлаг фыссынад</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Набатейаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">набатейаг фыссынад</a> æмæ йæ байзæддаг — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Араббаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">араббаг фыссынад</a></li></ul> <p>Индиаг ахуыргæндты ’хсæн нымадæуы æмæ брахмийы фыссынады равзæрст баст у Индийы бынæттон историимæ. Иуæй-иу ахуыргæндтæ, сæ цæстæнгас бæлвырд кæнынæн æрхæссынц протоиндиаг (мах дуджы III—II миназоны агъоммæ) фыссынады æвдисæйнæгтæ, кæцыты ссардтой сахартæ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Хараппæ (фарс нæй)">Хараппæ</a> æмæ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE-%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Мохенджо-Даро (фарс нæй)">Мохенджо-Даройы</a> археологион акъахты рæстæг. (Гипотезæтæй иумæ гæсгæ, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд">Инды</a> доны быдыры фыссынад у, брахмийау, алфавитон-уæнгон). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дамгъæты_нæмттæ"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B3.D1.8A.C3.A6.D1.82.D1.8B_.D0.BD.C3.A6.D0.BC.D1.82.D1.82.C3.A6"></span>Дамгъæты нæмттæ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Хай ивын: Дамгъæты нæмттæ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Редактировать код раздела «Дамгъæты нæмттæ»"><span>Бындур ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Æппæт бæрæг алфавитон системæты мидæг алы дамгъæйæн ис хицæн нысаниуæг. Дамгъæты нæмттæ сæйраджыдæр æнæивдæй баззайынц хæстæг системæты æмæ куы ист цæуынц иу системæйæ иннæмæ (цæвиттон, ныгуылæнсемитагæй грекъагмæ). Дамгъæты нæмттæ бирæ семитаг традициты мидæг, угаритаг йеддæмæ, кæй зæгъын æй хъæуы, цæмæй хуыздæр хъуыдыгонд уой æмæ дзы æнцонæмбарæндæр ахуыр кæной, æвзæрст цыдысты ахæм дзырдтæй, кæцытæ нысан кодтой æмаккаг фонемæтæй райдайгæ алыхуызон æнæгоймæгтæ: «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Алеф (фарс нæй)">алеф»</a> ‘гал’, «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82_(%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%8A%C3%A6)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Бет (дзуттаг алфавиты дамгъæ) (фарс нæй)">бет»</a> ‘хæдзар’ æмæ а. д. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Нымæцон_нысаниуæг"><span id=".D0.9D.D1.8B.D0.BC.C3.A6.D1.86.D0.BE.D0.BD_.D0.BD.D1.8B.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.83.C3.A6.D0.B3"></span>Нымæцон нысаниуæг</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Хай ивын: Нымæцон нысаниуæг" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Редактировать код раздела «Нымæцон нысаниуæг»"><span>Бындур ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Сæйраг уац</i>&#58; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D1%8B%D0%BC%C3%A6%D1%86%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Нымæцты алфавитон ныффыст (фарс нæй)">Нымæцты алфавитон ныффыст</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Тæккæ рагондæр алфавитты нысантæ, уыйхыгъд угаритаг, пайдагонд нæ цыдысты нымæцты нысанкæнынæн. Фæстæдæр мах дуджы агъоммæ 1-æм миназоны ныгуылæнсемитаг алфавиттæ æмæ рагонгрекъаг алфавиты фыццаг райдайæн дамгъæ [цæв., грекъ. <b>α</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%C3%A6_(%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%8A%C3%A6)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Альфæ (дамгъæ) (фарс нæй)">альфæ</a>)] нысан кæнын райдыдта <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ноль (фарс нæй)">нулæй</a> фæстейаг натуралон рæнхъы фыццаг æнæхъæн нымæц (ома «α» нысан кодта <a href="/w/index.php?title=1_(%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%C3%A6%D1%86)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1 (нымæц) (фарс нæй)">нымæц <b>иу</b></a>), дыккаг та — дыккагæн («β» нысан кодта <a href="/w/index.php?title=2_(%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%C3%A6%D1%86)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2 (нымæц) (фарс нæй)">нымæц <b>дыууæ</b></a>) æмæ а. д. Ацы принцип уагъд цыди бирæ системæтæн, кæцытæн бындур уыд грекъаг модель, уыйхыгъд, зæрондславяйнаг æмæ рагонуырыссаг. Дамгъæйы формæйы ивды фæстæ, йæ рæнхъæвæрæн бынат алфавиты мидæг æмæ йæ нымæцон нысаниуæг арæхдæр баззайынц æнæивдæй, уый тыххæй алфавитты историйы ахуыркæнынадæн нымæцты нысанкæныны мадзалтæ сты тынг ахадгæ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Алфавитты_номхыгъд"><span id=".D0.90.D0.BB.D1.84.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.82.D1.82.D1.8B_.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC.D1.85.D1.8B.D0.B3.D1.8A.D0.B4"></span>Алфавитты номхыгъд</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Хай ивын: Алфавитты номхыгъд" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Редактировать код раздела «Алфавитты номхыгъд»"><span>Бындур ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Финикийаг фыссынад (фарс нæй)">Финикийаг фыссынад</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Грекъаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Грекъаг алфавит</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Коптаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Коптаг алфавит</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гуырдзиаг алфавит">Гуырдзиаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Сомихаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Сомихаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дзуттаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Дзуттаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Арамейаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Арамейаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%C3%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Глаголицæ (фарс нæй)">Глаголицæ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Кириллон алфавит">Кириллон алфавит</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Азербайджайнаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Азербайджайнаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Башкираг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Башкираг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Белоруссаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Белоруссаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Болгайраг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Болгайраг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Хъазахъаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Хъазахъаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Хъыргъызаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Хъыргъызаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Македойнаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Македойнаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Молдавиаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Молдавиаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Мангойлаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Мангойлаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Ирон алфавит">Ирон алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Уырыссаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Уырыссаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Сербаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Сербаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Таджикаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Таджикаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C3%A6%D1%82%C3%A6%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Тæтæйраг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Тæтæйраг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Украинаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Украинаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Черногориаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Черногориаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%C3%A6%D1%86%C3%A6%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Цæцæйнаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Цæцæйнаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Чувашаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Чувашаг алфавит</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Абур (фарс нæй)">Рагонпермаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Латинаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Латинаг алфавит</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Латвиаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Латвиаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%C3%A6%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Польшæйаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Польшæйаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Румынаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Румынаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Словакаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Словакаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Словенаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Словенаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Туркаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Туркаг алфавит</a></li> <li><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Редактировать код раздела «Авторты нæмттæ æмæ сæ алфавиттæ кæд сфæлдыстой»"><span>Бындур ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Сомихаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Сомихаг алфавит</a>&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86" title="Месроп Маштоц">Месроп Маштоц</a>, <a href="/wiki/405-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="405-æм аз">405-æм аз</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гуырдзиаг алфавит">Гуырдзиаг алфавит</a>&#160;— дунейы историон зонады мидæг рапарахат ахæм цæстæнгас, кæцы æрбынат кодта <a href="/w/index.php?title=V-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="V-æм æнус (фарс нæй)">V</a>—<a href="/w/index.php?title=VII-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="VII-æм æнус (фарс нæй)">VII-æм æнусты</a> сомихаг райдайæн фыстуацтыл. Уыдонмæ гæсгæ, фыццаг гуырдзиаг алфавит <i>мргвлованийы</i> сфæлдисæг у <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86" title="Месроп Маштоц">Месроп Маштоц</a>, кæцы уымæй дарддæр сарæзта <a href="/wiki/405-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="405-æм аз">405-æм азы</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Сомихаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">сомихаг алфавит</a> дæр <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Donald_Rayfield_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donald_Rayfield-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Фæлæ гуырдзиаг историктæн сæ фылдæр хай хацынц ахæм цæстæнгасыл, кæцымæ гæсгæ гуырдзиаг алфавит равзæрди Месроп Маштоцы агъоммæ<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%C3%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Кириллицæ">Кириллицæ</a>&#160;— <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%C3%A6%D0%BC%C3%A6_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Кирилл æмæ Мефоди (фарс нæй)">Кирилл æмæ Мефоди</a>, <a href="/wiki/863-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="863-æм аз">863-æм аз</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Абур (фарс нæй)">Рагонпермаг алфавит</a>&#160;— <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Стефан Пермаг (фарс нæй)">Стефан Пермаг</a>, <a href="/wiki/1372-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1372-æм аз">1372-æм аз</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Хангыль (фарс нæй)">Хангыль</a> (корейаг фыссынад)&#160;— <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Династи Чосон (фарс нæй)">Чосон</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Седжон (фарс нæй)">Стыр Седжон</a>, <a href="/wiki/1444-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1444-æм аз">1444-æм аз</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Вьетнамаг алфавит (фарс нæй)">Вьетнамаг алфавит</a>&#160;— <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Александр де Род (фарс нæй)">Александр де Род</a>, <a href="/wiki/1624-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1624-æм аз">1624-æм азы</a> цур.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ноджы_ма_кæс:"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B6.D1.8B_.D0.BC.D0.B0_.D0.BA.C3.A6.D1.81:"></span>Ноджы ма кæс:</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Хай ивын: Ноджы ма кæс:" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Редактировать код раздела «Ноджы ма кæс:»"><span>Бындур ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Айб (фарс нæй)">Айбубен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Фыссынад (фарс нæй)">Фыссынад</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Фиппаинæгтæ"><span id=".D0.A4.D0.B8.D0.BF.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.B8.D0.BD.C3.A6.D0.B3.D1.82.C3.A6"></span>Фиппаинæгтæ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Хай ивын: Фиппаинæгтæ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Редактировать код раздела «Фиппаинæгтæ»"><span>Бындур ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ирон æмæ уырыссаг дзырд арæзтæуы <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%C3%A6_(%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%8A%C3%A6)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Бетæ (дамгъæ) (фарс нæй)">Βήτα</a></i> дамгъæйы астæугрекъаг дзурынадмæ (ома куыд [вита]) гæсгæ (кæцы æмхуызон у ноггрекъаг дзурынадимæ), фæлæ хурыскæсæйнаг æвзæгты мидæг пайдагонд цæуы рагонгрекъаг дзурынад&#160;— [бета].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lenore A. Grenoble</i>. Language policy in the Soviet Union. Springer, 2003.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4:%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%C3%A6%D1%80%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%82%C3%A6/1402012985" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1402012985</a>.&#160;— P. 116: «<i>The creation of the Georgian alphabet is <b>generally attributed</b> to Mesrop, who is also credited with the creation of the Armenian alphabet</i>».<span title="англисаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Donald_Rayfield-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Donald_Rayfield_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rayfield" class="extiw" title="en:Donald Rayfield">Rayfield D.</a></i> The Literature of Georgia: A History (Caucasus World). RoutledgeCurzon, 2000.&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4:%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%C3%A6%D1%80%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%82%C3%A6/0700711635" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0700711635</a>.&#160;— P. 19: «<i>The Georgian alphabet seems unlikely to have a pre-Christian origin, for the major archaeological monument of the first century 4IX the bilingual Armazi gravestone commemorating Serafua, daughter of the Georgian viceroy of Mtskheta, is inscribed in Greek and Aramaic only. <b>It has been believed</b>, and not only in Armenia, that all the Caucasian alphabets&#160;— Armenian, Georgian and Caucaso-AIbanian&#160;— were invented in the fourth century by the Armenian scholar Mesrop Mashtots.&lt;…&gt; The Georgian chronicles The Life of Kanli&#160;— assert that a Georgian script was invented two centuries before Christ, an assertion unsupported by archaeology. There is a possibility that the Georgians, like many minor nations of the area, wrote in a foreign language&#160;— Persian, Aramaic, or Greek&#160;— and translated back as they read</i>». <span title="англисаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Церетели Г. В.</i> Армазское письмо и проблема происхождения грузинского алфавита. II // Эпиграфика Востока.&#160;— <abbr title="Мæскуы">М.</abbr>, <abbr title="Ленинград">Л.</abbr>: Изд-во АН СССР, 1949.<span title="уырыссаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(уырыс.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Бердзенишвили Н., Джавахишвили И., Джанашиа С.</i> История Грузии: В 2 ч. Ч. 1. С древнейших времен до начала XIX&#160;в.&#160;— <abbr title="Тбилис">Тб.</abbr>: Госиздат ГССР, 1950.<span title="уырыссаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(уырыс.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Джанашиа С. Н.</i> К вопросу о языке и истории хеттов. // Труды: В 3 т.&#160;— Тб.: Изд-во АН ГССР, 1959.<span title="уырыссаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(уырыс.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5,_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Гамкрелидзе, Тамаз Валерианович (фарс нæй)">Гамкрелидзе Т.</a></i> Алфавитное письмо и древнегрузинская письменность (Типология и происхождение алфавитных систем письма)<span title="уырыссаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(уырыс.)</span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литературæ"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.C3.A6"></span>Литературæ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Хай ивын: Литературæ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Редактировать код раздела «Литературæ»"><span>Бындур ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5,_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82" title="Гамкрелидзе, Тамаз Валерианы фырт">Гамкрелидзе Т. В.</a></i> Происхождение и типология алфавитной системы письма // Вопросы языкознания. 1988. №&#160;5-6. <span title="уырыссаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(уырыс.)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дирингер, Давид (фарс нæй)">Дирингер Д.</a></i> Алфавит. М., 1963. <span title="уырыссаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(уырыс.)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec-dejavu.ru/b/Bricks.html"><i>Йейтс Фрэнсис.</i> Ренессансные «Наглядные алфавиты»</a> // Йейтс Фр. Искусство памяти. СПб, 1997 <span title="уырыссаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(уырыс.)</span></li> <li><i>Лундин А. Г.</i> О происхождении алфавита // Вестник древней истории. 1982. №&#160;2. <span title="уырыссаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(уырыс.)</span></li> <li>The World’s Writing Systems / Eds. Daniels P.T., Bright W. N.Y., 1996. <span title="англисаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(англ.)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Æрвитæнтæ"><span id=".C3.86.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.82.C3.A6.D0.BD.D1.82.C3.A6"></span>Æрвитæнтæ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Хай ивын: Æрвитæнтæ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Редактировать код раздела «Æрвитæнтæ»"><span>Бындур ивын</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rodurago.de/en/index.php?site=alphabet">Алыхуызон алфавитты номхыгъд сæ транлитерацимæ (латинаг дамгъæтæй)</a> <span title="англисаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(англ.)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20130115211225/cern.ch/juravlev/alphabeth.gif">Протосинайаг алфавит</a> <span title="уырыссаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(уырыс.)</span></li> <li>Алфавит // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона&#160;: в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907. <span title="уырыссаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(уырыс.)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skydrive.live.com/?cid=e39b50d7d9ea3235&amp;id=E39B50D7D9EA3235%21105#!/view.aspx?cid=E39B50D7D9EA3235&amp;resid=E39B50D7D9EA3235%21126&amp;app=WordPdf">An Early Hellenic Alphabet for Common, Ikonogrammaton &amp; Paleogrammikon, System Writing and Reading of the Ancient Speech</a> <span title="англисаг æвзагыл" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(англ.)</span></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7c479b968‐nbbfx Cached time: 20241115000100 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.083 seconds Real time usage: 0.383 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 529/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5854/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 903/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6118/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 84.735 1 -total 71.19% 60.323 1 Хуызæг:Фиппаинæгтæ 27.17% 23.025 1 Хуызæг:Тб. 16.40% 13.894 5 Хуызæг:En 10.27% 8.702 1 Хуызæг:Л. 10.00% 8.474 1 Хуызæг:Lang-el 6.62% 5.610 3 Хуызæг:Lang-el2 6.35% 5.381 4 Хуызæг:Ref-lang 4.73% 4.011 10 Хуызæг:Ru 4.14% 3.510 1 Хуызæг:Æндæр_нысаниуджытæ --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key oswiki:pcache:41817:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241115000100 and revision id 560613. 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