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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">14th-century German Knight Hospitaller</div> <p> <b>Albert of Schwarzburg</b> (died 15 March 1327), in contemporary sources also <b>Albertus Alamanus</b> ("Albert the German") or <b>Albertus de Nigro Castro</b>, was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Margravate_of_Meissen" title="Margravate of Meissen">Saxon</a>–<a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Thuringia" title="Duchy of Thuringia">Thuringian</a> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Schwarzburg" title="House of Schwarzburg">House of Schwarzburg</a> who became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a>, rising to be <a href="/wiki/Marshal" title="Marshal">marshal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_preceptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand preceptor">grand preceptor</a> of the Order, and fighting with success against the <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Anatolian beyliks">Turks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008466–469_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008466–469-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_of_Schwarzburg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Albert was the third son of Count Günter V (IX) of Schwarzenburg (died 1292/3) and his first wife, Irmgard. The date of his birth is unknown and can only be approximately placed between his parents' marriage in 1267, and the second marriage of Günter V in 1283.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008466–467_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008466–467-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Albert appears for the first time in 1306, as witness in a charter at <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>. He was already a <a href="/wiki/Marshal" title="Marshal">marshal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a>, then based in Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008467_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008467-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a particular favourite and protégé of the then-<a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller">Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foulques_de_Villaret" title="Foulques de Villaret">Foulques de Villaret</a> (1305–1319), who promoted him steadily to higher offices. Thus in 1307, Villaret made Albert the Order's <a href="/wiki/Preceptor" title="Preceptor">preceptor</a> in Cyprus, and allowed Albert to pay only half the stipulated annual dues ("responsions") to the Order. This act, a sign of Villaret's increasingly authoritarian behaviour and corruption, outraged many of the other leading members of the Order, and contributed to the discontent with Villaret's leadership, culminating in his violent deposition in 1317.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008428,_467_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008428,_467-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttrell1975288_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttrell1975288-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1310, as the Order's highest-ranking representative on Cyprus, Albert played a crucial role in securing the restoration of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Cyprus" title="Henry II of Cyprus">Henry II</a> following the death of Henry's brother <a href="/wiki/Amalric,_Lord_of_Tyre" title="Amalric, Lord of Tyre">Amalric</a>, who had deposed and exiled the king in 1307. The Hospitallers were among Henry's staunchest supporters, and in July, Albert led a contingent of knights to the capital <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> to secure it in preparation for Henry's return. Henry, still in exile in <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cilicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Cilicia">Armenian Cilicia</a>, named Fulk of Villaret as one of his lieutenants in Cyprus (along with the nobleman Aygue of Bethsan), but Villaret, unable to come to Cyprus in person due to the ongoing conquest of <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>, gave the post to Albert. In this capacity, Albert served Henry on his return in August 1310, and helped him to secure his rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008161–165,_467_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008161–165,_467-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1312, Albert was appointed grand preceptor and the Order's representative to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> and the courts of Western Europe, where he travelled as far as England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008446,_467–468_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008446,_467–468-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his letter of accreditation, Fulk of Villaret fulsomely praised Albert's "discretion, honesty, loyalty, good administrative skills, diligence, and hard work". Among his major tasks in this post was the absorption of the property of the recently dissolved <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>, which had been transferred to the Hospitallers in May 1312.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008446_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008446-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1315, Albert was back in Cyprus (he may be the grand preceptor who survived from a shipwreck early in the year) as preceptor of the island, a post he kept until his resignation in 1317, when the Pope demanded that the responsions for Cyprus be once again paid in full.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008468_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008468-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the next three years, Albert was active in campaigns against the <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Anatolian beyliks">Turkish</a> raiders around the Order's new base at Rhodes. In 1318 he defeated a Turkish raid, while in the next year, with assistance from <a href="/wiki/Martino_Zaccaria" title="Martino Zaccaria">Martino Zaccaria</a>, he scored a major victory in a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chios_(1319)" title="Battle of Chios (1319)">sea battle</a> off <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a> on 23 July and recovered <a href="/wiki/Leros" title="Leros">Leros</a>, whose Greek inhabitants had risen in revolt. Finally, in 1320 he turned back an attempted Turkish invasion of Rhodes with great loss.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008468_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008468-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttrell1975288–289_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttrell1975288–289-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1319, the Pope also granted Albert half of the preceptory of Cyprus (the other half going to <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Pagnac" title="Maurice of Pagnac">Maurice of Pagnac</a>) for ten years, as well as the island of <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a>, in case of its recovery from the Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008468_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008468-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1323 and 1325, Albert travelled in central Europe, first as a visitor to the Order's lands in <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, and then in several missions as envoy on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Bavarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis the Bavarian">Louis the Bavarian</a> to the Papal court in <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>. From 1324, Albert also served as the Order's <a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">prior</a> in Germany. He died on 15 March 1327 and was buried at the priory of <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008468–469_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008468–469-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_of_Schwarzburg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008466–469-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008466–469_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgtorf2008">Burgtorf 2008</a>, pp. 466–469.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008466–467-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008466–467_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgtorf2008">Burgtorf 2008</a>, pp. 466–467.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008467-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008467_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgtorf2008">Burgtorf 2008</a>, p. 467.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008428,_467-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008428,_467_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgtorf2008">Burgtorf 2008</a>, pp. 428, 467.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttrell1975288-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttrell1975288_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLuttrell1975">Luttrell 1975</a>, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008161–165,_467-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008161–165,_467_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgtorf2008">Burgtorf 2008</a>, pp. 161–165, 467.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008446,_467–468-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008446,_467–468_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgtorf2008">Burgtorf 2008</a>, pp. 446, 467–468.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008446-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008446_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgtorf2008">Burgtorf 2008</a>, p. 446.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008468-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008468_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008468_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008468_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgtorf2008">Burgtorf 2008</a>, p. 468.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttrell1975288–289-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttrell1975288–289_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLuttrell1975">Luttrell 1975</a>, pp. 288–289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008468–469-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2008468–469_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgtorf2008">Burgtorf 2008</a>, pp. 468–469.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_of_Schwarzburg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBurgtorf2008" class="citation book cs1">Burgtorf, Jochen (2008). <i>The Central Convent of Hospitallers and Templars: History, Organization, and Personnel (1099/1120–1310)</i>. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16660-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16660-8"><bdi>978-90-04-16660-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Central+Convent+of+Hospitallers+and+Templars%3A+History%2C+Organization%2C+and+Personnel+%281099%2F1120%E2%80%931310%29&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16660-8&rft.aulast=Burgtorf&rft.aufirst=Jochen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+of+Schwarzburg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLuttrell1975" class="citation book cs1">Luttrell, Anthony (1975). "The Hospitallers at Rhodes, 1306–1421". In Hazard, Harry W. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=article&did=History.CrusThree.i0020&id=History.CrusThree"><i>A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries</i></a>. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">278–</span>313.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Hospitallers+at+Rhodes%2C+1306%E2%80%931421&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Crusades%2C+Volume+III%3A+The+fourteenth+and+fifteenth+centuries&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E278-%3C%2Fspan%3E313&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Luttrell&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigicoll.library.wisc.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FHistory%2FHistory-idx%3Ftype%3Darticle%26did%3DHistory.CrusThree.i0020%26id%3DHistory.CrusThree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+of+Schwarzburg" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_of_Schwarzburg&oldid=1213903811">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_of_Schwarzburg&oldid=1213903811</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_births" title="Category:13th-century births">13th-century births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1327_deaths" title="Category:1327 deaths">1327 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:House_of_Schwarzburg" title="Category:House of Schwarzburg">House of Schwarzburg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_Hospitaller" title="Category:Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christians_of_the_Crusades" title="Category:Christians of the Crusades">Christians of the Crusades</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_the_Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Category:People from the Kingdom of Cyprus">People from the Kingdom of Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ambassadors_to_the_Holy_See" title="Category:Ambassadors to the Holy See">Ambassadors to the Holy See</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_Christians" title="Category:13th-century Christians">13th-century Christians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:14th-century_Christians" title="Category:14th-century Christians">14th-century Christians</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2024">Use dmy dates from March 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 March 2024, at 20:37<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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