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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats_to_the_ecosystem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Threats to the ecosystem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Threats_to_the_ecosystem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_habitation_and_ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_habitation_and_ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Human habitation and ownership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_habitation_and_ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leisure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leisure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Leisure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leisure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorms" title="Cairngorms – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cairngorms" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorms_Mountains" title="Cairngorms Mountains – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cairngorms Mountains" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorms" title="Cairngorms – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cairngorms" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorms" title="Cairngorms – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cairngorms" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorms" title="Cairngorms – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cairngorms" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorms" title="Cairngorms – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cairngorms" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorms" title="Cairngorms – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cairngorms" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorms" title="Cairngorms – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cairngorms" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_Monadh_Ruadh" title="Am Monadh Ruadh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Am Monadh Ruadh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_Monadh_Ruadh" title="Am Monadh Ruadh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Am Monadh Ruadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorm" title="Cairngorm – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cairngorm" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorms" title="Cairngorms – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cairngorms" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2" title="كيرنجورمز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيرنجورمز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorms" title="Cairngorms – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cairngorms" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorms" title="Cairngorms – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Cairngorms" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorm" title="Cairngorm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cairngorm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorms" title="Cairngorms – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cairngorms" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairngorms" title="Cairngorms – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cairngorms" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cairngorms&params=57.10_N_03.68_W_region:GB_type:mountain_dim:18km"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">57°06′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°41′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">57.10°N 03.68°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">57.10; -03.68</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mountain range in the eastern Highlands of Scotland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Scottish mountain range. For the mountain the range is named after, see <a href="/wiki/Cairn_Gorm" title="Cairn Gorm">Cairn Gorm</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cairngorm_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cairngorm (disambiguation)">Cairngorm (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Cairngorms</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="background-color: #B2E5CD;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories" title="IUCN protected area categories">IUCN category</a> IV (habitat/species management area)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cairn_Gorm_-_geograph.org.uk_-_366811.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cairn_Gorm_-_geograph.org.uk_-_366811.jpg/284px-Cairn_Gorm_-_geograph.org.uk_-_366811.jpg" decoding="async" width="284" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cairn_Gorm_-_geograph.org.uk_-_366811.jpg/426px-Cairn_Gorm_-_geograph.org.uk_-_366811.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cairn_Gorm_-_geograph.org.uk_-_366811.jpg/568px-Cairn_Gorm_-_geograph.org.uk_-_366811.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="441" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cairn Gorm view over <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><span lang="gd" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Coire_an_t-Sneachda" title="Coire an t-Sneachda">Coire an t-Sneachda</a></span></span>, a glacial cirque</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:284px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:284px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:284px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Cairngorms"><img alt="Map showing the location of Cairngorms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/284px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="284" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/426px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/568px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="1483" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:60%;left:60.952%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cairngorms"><img alt="Map showing the location of Cairngorms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Scotland (dot shows approximate centre of the central plateau)</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="locality"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Highland_(council_area)" title="Highland (council area)">Highland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aberdeenshire" title="Aberdeenshire">Aberdeenshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moray" title="Moray">Moray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nearest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cairngorms&params=57.10_N_03.68_W_region:GB_type:mountain_dim:18km"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">57°06′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°41′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">57.10°N 03.68°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">57.10; -03.68</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">292 km<sup>2</sup> (113 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-SSSI_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSSI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1987<sup id="cite_ref-SSSI_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSSI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NatureScot" title="NatureScot">NatureScot</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Cairngorms</b> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Am Monadh Ruadh</i>) are a mountain range in the eastern <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highlands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> closely associated with the mountain <a href="/wiki/Cairn_Gorm" title="Cairn Gorm">Cairn Gorm</a>. The Cairngorms became part of Scotland's second <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Scotland" title="National parks of Scotland">national park</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Cairngorms_National_Park" title="Cairngorms National Park">Cairngorms National Park</a>) on 1 September 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-cairngom-history_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cairngom-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Cairngorms give their name to, and are at the heart of, the Cairngorms National Park, they only form one part of the national park, alongside other hill ranges such as the <a href="/wiki/Angus_Glens" class="mw-redirect" title="Angus Glens">Angus Glens</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Monadhliath" class="mw-redirect" title="Monadhliath">Monadhliath</a>, and lower areas like <a href="/wiki/Strathspey,_Scotland" title="Strathspey, Scotland">Strathspey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cnp-landscape_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnp-landscape-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cairngorms consists of high plateaux at about 1,000–1,200 m (3,300–3,900 ft) above sea level, above which domed summits (the eroded stumps of once much higher mountains <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllenDavidson2012Prologue:_The_Mountains,_p._1/14_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenDavidson2012Prologue:_The_Mountains,_p._1/14-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) rise to around 1,300 m (4,300 ft). Many of the summits have <a href="/wiki/Tor_(rock_formation)" title="Tor (rock formation)">tors</a>, free-standing rock outcrops that stand on top of the boulder-strewn landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-cnp-Landscape_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnp-Landscape-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In places, the edges of the plateau form steep cliffs of granite and they are excellent for <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">ice climbing</a>. The Cairngorms form an <a href="/wiki/Arctic-alpine" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic-alpine">arctic-alpine</a> mountain environment, with <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a>-like characteristics and long-lasting snow patches.<sup id="cite_ref-cnp-Landscape_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnp-Landscape-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This area is home to bird species such as <a href="/wiki/Rock_ptarmigan" title="Rock ptarmigan">ptarmigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dotterel" class="mw-redirect" title="Dotterel">dotterel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snow_bunting" title="Snow bunting">snow bunting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_curlew" title="Eurasian curlew">curlew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_grouse" title="Red grouse">red grouse</a>, as well as mammals such as <a href="/wiki/Mountain_hare" title="Mountain hare">mountain hare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cnp-nature_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnp-nature-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plateau also supports Britain's only herd of <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a> (albeit semi-domesticated).<sup id="cite_ref-reindeer_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reindeer-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surrounding the central massif are many remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Caledonian forest">Caledonian forest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Strath" title="Strath">straths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glen" title="Glen">glens</a> of the Rivers <a href="/wiki/River_Spey" title="River Spey">Spey</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Dee_(Aberdeenshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Dee (Aberdeenshire)">Dee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-walkhighlands-2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walkhighlands-2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These forests support many species that are rare elsewhere in Britain, including <a href="/wiki/Red_squirrel" title="Red squirrel">red squirrels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pine_marten" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine marten">pine marten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood_ant" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood ant">wood ants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_crossbill" title="Scottish crossbill">Scottish crossbill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_capercaillie" title="Western capercaillie">capercaillie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crested_tit" title="Crested tit">crested tit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are no glaciers, but snow can fall in any month of the year, and <a href="/wiki/Snow_patches_in_Scotland" title="Snow patches in Scotland">snow patches</a> usually persist all summer; for snow and <a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">ice climbing</a>, the area is the most dependable in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson199216_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson199216-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mountains are also popular for <a href="/wiki/Hill-walking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill-walking">hill-walking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ski_touring" title="Ski touring">ski touring</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">climbing</a>, and there are three alpine ski centres in the range, at <a href="/wiki/Cairn_Gorm" title="Cairn Gorm">Cairn Gorm</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lecht" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lecht">The Lecht</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glenshee" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenshee">Glenshee</a>. </p><p>The range lies in the <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Scotland" title="Subdivisions of Scotland">Scottish council areas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aberdeenshire" title="Aberdeenshire">Aberdeenshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moray" title="Moray">Moray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Highland_(council_area)" title="Highland (council area)">Highland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sheet36_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheet36-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and within the <a href="/wiki/Shires_of_Scotland" title="Shires of Scotland">counties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aberdeenshire_(historic)" title="Aberdeenshire (historic)">Aberdeenshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverness-shire" title="Inverness-shire">Inverness-shire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banffshire" title="Banffshire">Banffshire</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Approach_to_Sgor_Gaoith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_268035.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Approach_to_Sgor_Gaoith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_268035.jpg/220px-Approach_to_Sgor_Gaoith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_268035.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Approach_to_Sgor_Gaoith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_268035.jpg/330px-Approach_to_Sgor_Gaoith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_268035.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Approach_to_Sgor_Gaoith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_268035.jpg/440px-Approach_to_Sgor_Gaoith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_268035.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sgor_Gaoith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sgor Gaoith">Sgor Gaoith</a> (1,118 m (3,668 ft)). <a href="/wiki/Cairn_Gorm" title="Cairn Gorm">Cairn Gorm</a> (1,245 m (4,085 ft)) can be seen to the right.</figcaption></figure> <p>The original <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Gaelic</a> name for the range is <i>Am Monadh Ruadh</i> (the red hills), distinguishing them from <i>Am <a href="/wiki/Monadhliath_Mountains" title="Monadhliath Mountains">Monadh Liath</a></i> (the grey hills), which lie to the west of the <a href="/wiki/River_Spey" title="River Spey">River Spey</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If you look from Aviemore on a clear evening, the granite screes of Lairig Ghru and Braeriach do glow a warm red in the sun. The name Am Monadh Ruadh still lives among the oldest folk of Strath Spey, but long ago, outsiders had replaced it with 'the Cairngorms', on maps and in guide books.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Watson<sup id="cite_ref-watson1975_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-watson1975-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> name for the range is Cairngorms, and is derived from <a href="/wiki/Cairn_Gorm" title="Cairn Gorm">Cairn Gorm</a>, which is prominent in the view of the mountains from Speyside. The earliest reference to this name appears to be from a Colonel T. Thornton, who visited the area in about 1786:<sup id="cite_ref-watson1975_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-watson1975-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alex1928_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alex1928-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The use of the term "Cairngorms" as applied to the group must have become well established early in the nineteenth century, for we find it in Col Thornton's <i>Sporting Tour</i> (1804), where there is a reference to "Aurora peeping over the immense Cairngorms."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Alexander<sup id="cite_ref-alex1928_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alex1928-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (p21)</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Cairn Gorm is generally translated as <i>Blue Cairn</i>, although the Gaelic <i>gorm</i> is also used as an adjective and verb, meaning green or greening and is often seen in connection with growing grass.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, there is a contradiction or confusion, because the original Scottish Gaelic name of the mountains translates to English as the "red hills" whilst their English name is the "blue hills" or the "green hills". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cairngorms-sketch-map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cairngorms-sketch-map.jpg/330px-Cairngorms-sketch-map.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cairngorms-sketch-map.jpg/495px-Cairngorms-sketch-map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cairngorms-sketch-map.jpg/660px-Cairngorms-sketch-map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Sketch map showing villages, mountains, lochs, and rivers of The Cairngorms.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Cairngorms consist of three large elevated plateaux adorned with low, rounded glacial mountains, and divided by the passes of the <a href="/wiki/Lairig_an_Laoigh" title="Lairig an Laoigh">Lairig an Laoigh</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lairig_Ghru" title="Lairig Ghru">Lairig Ghru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-munros_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-munros-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The range gives the sense of being a single plateau, because the passes that cut through them are not very deep: the summit of Lairig an Laoigh lies at 740 m (2,430 ft),<sup id="cite_ref-sheet36_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheet36-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whilst the summit of the Lairig Ghru is at 835 m (2,740 ft) above sea level at the <a href="/wiki/Lairig_Ghru#Pools_of_Dee" title="Lairig Ghru">Pools of Dee</a>, where the water may be frozen over even in mid-summer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson199294–95_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson199294–95-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllenDavidson2012Prologue:_The_Mountains,_p._4/14,_Chapter_Four,_p._9/17_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenDavidson2012Prologue:_The_Mountains,_p._4/14,_Chapter_Four,_p._9/17-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means a walker could cross between the <a href="/wiki/Cairntoul" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairntoul">Cairntoul</a> (1,293 m (4,242 ft)) – <a href="/wiki/Braeriach" title="Braeriach">Braeriach</a> (1,296 m (4,252 ft)) massif to the <a href="/wiki/Ben_Macdui" title="Ben Macdui">Ben Macdui</a> (1,309 m (4,295 ft)) – <a href="/wiki/Cairn_Gorm" title="Cairn Gorm">Cairn Gorm</a> (1,245 m (4,085 ft)) massif and thence onto the <a href="/wiki/Beinn_a%27_Bh%C3%B9ird" title="Beinn a' Bhùird">Beinn a' Bhùird</a> (1,196 m (3,924 ft)) – <a href="/wiki/Ben_Avon" title="Ben Avon">Ben Avon</a> (1,171 m (3,842 ft)) massif without descending below the 740 m (2,430 ft) summit of the Lairig an Laoigh.<sup id="cite_ref-sheet36_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheet36-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The range is drained by the Rivers <a href="/wiki/River_Dee,_Aberdeenshire" title="River Dee, Aberdeenshire">Dee</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Spey" title="River Spey">Spey</a>; and the latter's two tributaries: the Rivers Feshie and Avon.<sup id="cite_ref-sheet36_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheet36-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The approximate southern boundary of the Cairngorm range is generally reckoned to run from slightly east of <a href="/wiki/Braemar" title="Braemar">Braemar</a>, west along the <a href="/wiki/River_Dee_(Aberdeenshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Dee (Aberdeenshire)">Dee</a> and Glen Geldie to the head of Glen Feshie. The western edge of the range is defined by Glen Feshie and the <a href="/wiki/River_Spey" title="River Spey">River Spey</a> as far as <a href="/wiki/Aviemore" title="Aviemore">Aviemore</a>, with the northern boundary running roughly eastward from Aviemore through <a href="/wiki/Glenmore_Forest_Park" title="Glenmore Forest Park">Glenmore</a> to <a href="/wiki/River_Avon_(Strathspey)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Avon (Strathspey)">Glen Avon</a>. The eastern boundary is defined by Glen Avon and the Am Bealach Dearg, thus ending slightly east of Braemar.<sup id="cite_ref-watson1975_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-watson1975-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cairngorms feature the highest, coldest and snowiest <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateaus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> and are home to <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_and_hills_of_the_British_Isles_by_height" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains and hills of the British Isles by height">five of the six highest mountains</a> in Scotland:<sup id="cite_ref-walkhighlands-1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walkhighlands-1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Macdhui_(Scotland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Macdhui (Scotland)">Ben Macdui</a> (1,309 m (4,295 ft))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braeriach" title="Braeriach">Braeriach</a> (1,296 m (4,252 ft))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn_Toul" title="Cairn Toul">Cairn Toul</a> (1,293 m (4,242 ft))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sgor_an_Lochain_Uaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sgor an Lochain Uaine">Sgor an Lochain Uaine</a> (1,258 m (4,127 ft))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn_Gorm" title="Cairn Gorm">Cairn Gorm</a> (1,245 m (4,085 ft))</li></ul> <p>There are no public roads through the Cairngorms, and all the public roads in the general area either skirt the Cairngorms or stop short, providing access to them only. From the south and south-east, motorised access ends at <a href="/wiki/Linn_of_Dee" class="mw-redirect" title="Linn of Dee">Linn of Dee</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Allanaquoich" title="Allanaquoich">Allanaquoich</a>. From the north-west, a road passes <a href="/wiki/Coylumbridge" title="Coylumbridge">Coylumbridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenmore_Forest_Park" title="Glenmore Forest Park">Glenmore</a> and the Sugarbowl to end at the car park at the <a href="/wiki/Cairngorm_Mountain_ski_resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairngorm Mountain ski resort">Cairngorm Mountain ski resort</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sheet36_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheet36-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of hill-walkers access the range from these road ends.<sup id="cite_ref-munros_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-munros-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Cairngorms_-_Flickr_-_Graham_Grinner_Lewis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/The_Cairngorms_-_Flickr_-_Graham_Grinner_Lewis.jpg/220px-The_Cairngorms_-_Flickr_-_Graham_Grinner_Lewis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/The_Cairngorms_-_Flickr_-_Graham_Grinner_Lewis.jpg/330px-The_Cairngorms_-_Flickr_-_Graham_Grinner_Lewis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/The_Cairngorms_-_Flickr_-_Graham_Grinner_Lewis.jpg/440px-The_Cairngorms_-_Flickr_-_Graham_Grinner_Lewis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Braeriach" title="Braeriach">Braeriach</a> (1,296 m (4,252 ft)), <a href="/wiki/Sgor_an_Lochain_Uaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sgor an Lochain Uaine">Sgor an Lochain Uaine</a> (1,258 m (4,127 ft)) and <a href="/wiki/Cairn_Toul" title="Cairn Toul">Cairn Toul</a> (1,293 m (4,242 ft)) from the Moine Mhor.</figcaption></figure> <p>In terms of height, remoteness and the severe and changeable weather, the Cairngorms are the most arduous area in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Bonington_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonington-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plateau area has a <a href="/wiki/Tundra_climate" title="Tundra climate">Tundra climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>ET</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllenDavidson2012Prologue:_The_Mountains,_p._3/14_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenDavidson2012Prologue:_The_Mountains,_p._3/14-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the shattered terrain is more like the high ground in high-arctic Canada or northern Norway than what is often observed in the European Alps or Rockies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson199218_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson199218-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weather often deteriorates rapidly with altitude so that, when there are moderate conditions 150 m (490 ft) below the plateau, the top can be stormy or misty, and there can be icy or powdery snow. Even when no snow is falling, the wind can whip up lying snow to produce white-out conditions for a few metres above the surface, and snowdrifts can build up rapidly in sheltered places. Gravel can be blown through the air, and walking can be impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson199219–21_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson199219–21-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllenDavidson2012Prologue:_The_Mountains,_p._10/14_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenDavidson2012Prologue:_The_Mountains,_p._10/14-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When a gale is accompanied by thick storms of ground drift, or worse, by heavy falling blizzards plus ground drift, or worse still by mist as well, conditions can be extremely serious on the plateau, making it suffocating and difficult to breathe, hard to open your eyes, impossible to see anything beyond your own feet, and unable to communicate with your party except one at a time by cupping an ear and shouting into it.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Adam_Watson_(scientist)" title="Adam Watson (scientist)">Watson</a> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson199221_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson199221-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The lowest recorded temperature in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> has twice been recorded in the Cairngorms, at <a href="/wiki/Braemar" title="Braemar">Braemar</a>, where a temperature of −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F), was recorded on 11 February 1895 and 10 January 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The greatest British wind speed of 176 mph (283 km/h) was measured at Cairngorm summit weather station in January 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2014"The_Lost_Shelter",_pp._41–59_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2014"The_Lost_Shelter",_pp._41–59-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HWCWS_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HWCWS-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weather can be very hazardous at times, with dangerous and unpredictable conditions. What is often described as Britain's worst mountaineering tragedy, the <a href="/wiki/Cairngorm_Plateau_Disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairngorm Plateau Disaster">Cairngorm Plateau Disaster</a>, left five children and one adult dead in November 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cairn Gorm gets 320 cm (130 in) of snow annually according to snowforecast.com. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Cairn Gorm Summit, Elevation: 1,245 m (4,085 ft), 1991–2020 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(30.2) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(30.2) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.1<br />(26.4) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.2<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.4<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.7<br />(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−1.1<br />(30.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57<br />(22) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62<br />(24) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #0101FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17<br />(6.7) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">trace </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">trace </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">36<br />(14) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #000065; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">323<br />(126.4) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: snowforecast.com <sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snow_patches">Snow patches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Snow patches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garbh_Choire_Mor_8th_August_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Garbh_Choire_Mor_8th_August_2008.jpg/220px-Garbh_Choire_Mor_8th_August_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Garbh_Choire_Mor_8th_August_2008.jpg/330px-Garbh_Choire_Mor_8th_August_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Garbh_Choire_Mor_8th_August_2008.jpg/440px-Garbh_Choire_Mor_8th_August_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Scotland's most durable snow patch, Garbh Choire Mòr, <a href="/wiki/Braeriach" title="Braeriach">Braeriach</a>, 8 August 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>The Cairngorms hold some of the longest-lying <a href="/wiki/Snow_patches_in_Scotland" title="Snow patches in Scotland">snow patches in Scotland</a>: </p> <ul><li>On <a href="/wiki/Ben_Macdui" title="Ben Macdui">Ben Macdui</a>, snow has been known to persist at a few locations from one winter to the next.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lying at the north-eastern shoulder of <a href="/wiki/Cairn_Gorm" title="Cairn Gorm">Cairn Gorm</a> is Ciste Mhearad. This hollow contains a patch which, hitherto, was known to persist through many years, but has not done so since 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Observations in 2007 and 2008 revealed that September was the month when final melting occurred for this patch.<sup id="cite_ref-winterhighland_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winterhighland-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It sits at an altitude of 1,095 m (3,593 ft) and is located at approximately <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">grid reference</a> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cairngorms&params=57.121649_N_3.635050_W_region:GB_scale:25000">NJ011046</a></span>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braeriach" title="Braeriach">Braeriach</a>'s Garbh Choire Mòr is the location of Scotland's most persistent snow beds. Snow has been absent from this corrie just 11 times in the last century: 1933, 1959, 1996, 2003, 2006, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sitting at an altitude of about 1140 m, these patches are located around <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">grid reference</a> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cairngorms&params=57.060804_N_3.749458_W_region:GB_scale:25000">NN940980</a></span>; the two most long-lasting patches are known as "the Pinnacles" and "the Sphinx" after the rock climbs lying above them.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent studies based on <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">morraine</a>, avalanche debris fields and climate models suggest it is likely that Garbh Choire Mòr (as well as Coire an Lochain in the northern corries) contained glaciers as recently as the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 1994, the Cairngorms and surrounding mountains of north-east Scotland had 55 surviving patches, an exceptional number.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Cairngorms_National_Park" title="Geology of the Cairngorms National Park">Geology of the Cairngorms National Park</a></div> <p>The Cairngorms were formed 40 million years before the last <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a>, when slight uplift raised an eroded <a href="/wiki/Peneplain" title="Peneplain">peneplain</a> based on an exposed <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> <a href="/wiki/Pluton" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluton">pluton</a>. The highest present-day peaks represent eroded <a href="/wiki/Monadnock" class="mw-redirect" title="Monadnock">monadnock</a> hills. During the ice ages, the ice caps that covered most of northern <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> remained static—frozen to the ground for long periods—and actually protected the rounded summits and valleys and deep, weathered granite of the mountains of the area. Glacial <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a> is represented in deep valleys which dissect the area. Many valleys are littered with glacial deposits from the period of glacial retreat. The most famous valley is the <a href="/wiki/Lairig_Ghru" title="Lairig Ghru">Lairig Ghru</a> pass, a gouge through the centre of the mountains—a u-shaped valley, now partly filled with extensive <a href="/wiki/Scree" title="Scree">scree</a> produced by intense frost action during ice-free periods. Many parts of the Cairngorms exhibit classic <a href="/wiki/Periglacial" class="mw-redirect" title="Periglacial">periglacial</a> <a href="/wiki/Weathering" title="Weathering">weathering</a> which occurred during cold periods in ice-free areas.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tor_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor (geology)">Tors</a> are a common feature of the Cairngorm granite massif, being especially frequent on <a href="/wiki/Ben_Avon" title="Ben Avon">Ben Avon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beinn_Mheadhoin" class="mw-redirect" title="Beinn Mheadhoin">Beinn Mheadhoin</a> and impressively high on <a href="/wiki/Bynack_More" title="Bynack More">Bynack More</a>. They represent masses of granite which are less closely jointed than surrounding rock and which have therefore been less susceptible to underground weathering associated with fluid percolation along joints. The present tors have been exhumed over a long period of time, not least by periglacial processes associated with ice ages during the Quaternary period.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nature_and_conservation">Nature and conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nature and conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snow_Bunting_Cairngorm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Snow_Bunting_Cairngorm.jpg/220px-Snow_Bunting_Cairngorm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Snow_Bunting_Cairngorm.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption>An adult male <a href="/wiki/Snow_bunting" title="Snow bunting">snow bunting</a> in the Cairngorms.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Cairngorms provide a unique <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine</a> <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">semi-tundra</a> <a href="/wiki/Moorland" title="Moorland">moorland</a> habitat, home to many rare plants, birds and animals. Speciality bird species on the plateaux include breeding <a href="/wiki/Rock_ptarmigan" title="Rock ptarmigan">ptarmigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dotterel" class="mw-redirect" title="Dotterel">dotterel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snow_bunting" title="Snow bunting">snow bunting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ring_ouzel" title="Ring ouzel">ring ouzel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_grouse" title="Red grouse">red grouse</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cnp-nature_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnp-nature-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Snowy_owl" title="Snowy owl">snowy owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twite" title="Twite">twite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purple_sandpiper" title="Purple sandpiper">purple sandpiper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lapland_bunting" class="mw-redirect" title="Lapland bunting">Lapland bunting</a> seen on occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mammal species include <a href="/wiki/Scottish_red_deer" title="Scottish red deer">red deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mountain_hare" title="Mountain hare">mountain hare</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cnp-nature_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnp-nature-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the only herd of <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a> in the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>. They now roam the high Cairngorms, after being reintroduced in 1952 by a Swedish herdsman. The herd is now stable at around 150 individuals, some born in Scotland and some introduced from Sweden; since the individuals depend on humans for food and come from domesticated stock, they are not considered wild.<sup id="cite_ref-reindeer_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reindeer-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The surrounding areas feature an <a href="/wiki/Primeval_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Primeval forest">ancient woodland</a>, one of the last major ones of its kind in the British Isles, known as the <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Caledonian forest">Caledonian forest</a>. In the forests, <a href="/wiki/Capercaillie" class="mw-redirect" title="Capercaillie">capercaillie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_grouse" title="Black grouse">black grouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_crossbill" title="Scottish crossbill">Scottish crossbill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parrot_crossbill" title="Parrot crossbill">parrot crossbill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crested_tit" title="Crested tit">crested tit</a> are found. Of particular fame is the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (<a href="/wiki/RSPB" class="mw-redirect" title="RSPB">RSPB</a>) reserve at <a href="/wiki/Abernethy_Forest" title="Abernethy Forest">Abernethy Forest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loch_Garten_Osprey_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Loch Garten Osprey Centre">Loch Garten</a>. A famous pair of <a href="/wiki/Osprey" title="Osprey">ospreys</a> are present in the summer months, and they often attract large crowds to see them. The forest is home to the endangered capercaillie and <a href="/wiki/Endemic_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic (ecology)">endemic</a> Scottish crossbill.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As well being included as part of the Cairngorms National Park the Cairngorm Mountains are designated as a <a href="/wiki/National_scenic_area_(Scotland)" title="National scenic area (Scotland)">national scenic area</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of 40 such areas in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from a small area around the <a href="/wiki/Cairn_Gorm#Cairngorm_Mountain_ski_resort" title="Cairn Gorm">Cairngorm Ski Area</a>, the whole of the mountain area is protected as both a <a href="/wiki/Special_Area_of_Conservation" title="Special Area of Conservation">Special Area of Conservation</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Area" title="Special Protection Area">Special Protection Area</a>, thus forming part of the <a href="/wiki/Natura_2000" title="Natura 2000">Natura 2000</a> network of protected sites.<sup id="cite_ref-sitelink_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sitelink-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cairngorms are classified as a <a href="/wiki/Protected_area#IUCN_Protected_Area_Management_Categories" title="Protected area">Category IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected area</a> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cairngorms were declared a <a href="/wiki/National_nature_reserve_(Scotland)" title="National nature reserve (Scotland)">national nature reserve</a> (NNR) in 1954, being the largest NNR in Britain. In 2006 <a href="/wiki/NatureScot" title="NatureScot">Scottish Natural Heritage</a> (SNH) reviewed the Cairngorms NNR, and it was decided that the reserve should be broken up into separate, smaller reserves that reflected existing management units.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There now are four NNRs within the core mountain area of the Cairngorms.<sup id="cite_ref-sitelink_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sitelink-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mar_Lodge_Estate" title="Mar Lodge Estate">Mar Lodge Estate</a>, which covers the south side of the plateau and the watershed of the upper <a href="/wiki/River_Dee,_Aberdeenshire" title="River Dee, Aberdeenshire">Dee</a> has been classified as a national nature reserve since May 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Abernethy_Forest" title="Abernethy Forest">Abernethy Forest</a> National Nature Reserve covers a stretch of land from the plateau down to <a href="/wiki/Loch_Garten" title="Loch Garten">Loch Garten</a> on the north side of the range, and <a href="/wiki/Glenmore_Forest_Park" title="Glenmore Forest Park">Glenmore Forest Park</a>, covering a remnant of the <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Forest" title="Caledonian Forest">Caledonian Forest</a> surrounding <a href="/wiki/Loch_Morlich" title="Loch Morlich">Loch Morlich</a>, is also designated as a national nature reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-sitelink_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sitelink-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Invereshie_and_Inshriach_National_Nature_Reserve" title="Invereshie and Inshriach National Nature Reserve">Invereshie and Inshriach National Nature Reserve</a> lies on the western flanks of the range, and extends to the summit of <a href="/wiki/Sg%C3%B2r_Gaoith" title="Sgòr Gaoith">Sgòr Gaoith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Threats_to_the_ecosystem">Threats to the ecosystem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Threats to the ecosystem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cairngorms represents an unusually cold area of mountains in a maritime climate at <a href="/wiki/57th_parallel_north" title="57th parallel north">57 degrees north</a>. The climate is projected to warm—and precipitation patterns to change—under present <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> models. This is an over-riding concern for the long-term conservation of this area. <a href="/wiki/Rock_ptarmigan" title="Rock ptarmigan">Ptarmigan</a> has been considered as an indicator species for this process, although the natural population cycles of this bird do not seem to have been disrupted as yet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other man-made threats include the problems of popularity in a country with limited wilderness resources and a large, relatively affluent urban population. These include various types of recreation and the associated trampling damage and erosion, disturbance, litter and threats to water quality.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_habitation_and_ownership">Human habitation and ownership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Human habitation and ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corrour_Bothy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1546559.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Corrour_Bothy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1546559.jpg/200px-Corrour_Bothy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1546559.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Corrour_Bothy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1546559.jpg/300px-Corrour_Bothy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1546559.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Corrour_Bothy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1546559.jpg/400px-Corrour_Bothy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1546559.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>Corrour Bothy in October 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>The valleys between the individual plateaux were used as <a href="/wiki/Drovers%27_road" title="Drovers' road">drove roads</a> by cattle <a href="/wiki/Droving" title="Droving">drovers</a> who built rough protective shelters for their arduous journeys. At about the same time that droving was dying out towards the end of the 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Deer_stalking" title="Deer stalking">deer stalking</a> estates were flourishing, and so the shelters were developed into <a href="/wiki/Bothy" title="Bothy">bothies</a> to provide improved, though still primitive, accommodation for <a href="/wiki/Gamekeeper" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamekeeper">gamekeepers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllenDavidson2012Prologue:_The_Mountains,_p._10/14_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenDavidson2012Prologue:_The_Mountains,_p._10/14-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern times, these bothies have been taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Bothies_Association" title="Mountain Bothies Association">Mountain Bothies Association</a> for use by walkers and climbers to provide shelter and rough sleeping accommodation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllenDavidson2012Prologue:_The_Mountains,_p._10/14_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenDavidson2012Prologue:_The_Mountains,_p._10/14-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the exception of the bothies, there are no buildings or settlements within the Cairngorms, nor is there evidence for historic settlement, except in the uppermost reaches of the Derry and Gairn rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-cnp-landscape_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnp-landscape-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the surrounding areas, villages such as <a href="/wiki/Aviemore" title="Aviemore">Aviemore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Braemar" title="Braemar">Braemar</a> provide a base for visitors to the core mountain area.<sup id="cite_ref-walkhighlands-2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walkhighlands-2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Much of the core mountain area is owned by conservation bodies, with the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Scotland" title="National Trust for Scotland">National Trust for Scotland</a> owning <a href="/wiki/Mar_Lodge_Estate" title="Mar Lodge Estate">Mar Lodge Estate</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_for_the_Protection_of_Birds" title="Royal Society for the Protection of Birds">RSPB's</a> <a href="/wiki/Abernethy_Forest" title="Abernethy Forest">Abernethy Estate</a> stretching from the lower slopes up to the plateau. The main private landowners are the Glenavon Estate in the northeast, the <a href="/wiki/Invercauld_Castle" title="Invercauld Castle">Invercauld</a> Estate in the southeast, the Glen Feshie Estate to the southwest and the <a href="/wiki/Rothiemurchus_Forest" title="Rothiemurchus Forest">Rothiemurchus</a> Estate in the northwest.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leisure">Leisure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Leisure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cairn_Gorm_funicular_dsc06413.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cairn_Gorm_funicular_dsc06413.jpg/220px-Cairn_Gorm_funicular_dsc06413.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cairn_Gorm_funicular_dsc06413.jpg/330px-Cairn_Gorm_funicular_dsc06413.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cairn_Gorm_funicular_dsc06413.jpg/440px-Cairn_Gorm_funicular_dsc06413.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The funicular track in summer</figcaption></figure> <p>There is a <a href="/wiki/Cairngorm_Mountain_Railway" title="Cairngorm Mountain Railway">funicular railway on Cairn Gorm</a> serving the Cairn Gorm Ski Centre. The <a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">funicular</a> opened in late 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and runs from a base station at 637 m up to the Ptarmigan Centre, situated at 1097 m, 150 m from the summit of Cairn Gorm.<sup id="cite_ref-sheet36_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheet36-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was built amidst some controversy, with supporters of the scheme claiming that it would bring valuable tourist income into the area, whilst opponents argued that such a development was unsuitable for a supposedly protected area. A condition was therefore imposed under which walkers were not allowed outside the top station if arriving by funicular, although this did not apply to <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarders</a> in the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-funicular-background_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-funicular-background-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 the operating company proposed to modify this requirement to allow guided walks, whilst still preventing general access.<sup id="cite_ref-funicular-background_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-funicular-background-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guided walks continued to be the only way for walkers and summer visitors to access the plateau if arriving via the funicular as of 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mountains are very popular for <a href="/wiki/Hill-walking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill-walking">hill-walking</a>, with eighteen <a href="/wiki/Munros" class="mw-redirect" title="Munros">Munros</a> lying between <a href="/wiki/Ben_Avon" title="Ben Avon">Ben Avon</a> in the east and Glen Feshie in the west.<sup id="cite_ref-munros_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-munros-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In winter these summits can often be reached by <a href="/wiki/Ski_touring" title="Ski touring">ski touring</a>. The Cairngorms have excellent <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">climbing</a>, and has long attracted <a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">winter climbers</a>, especially in the northern corries. This area boasts what was for a time probably the world's hardest traditionally protected mixed climb: "The Hurting", grade XI.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with all land in Scotland, there is a <a href="/wiki/Freedom_to_roam" title="Freedom to roam">right of responsible access</a> to the mountains for those wishing to participate in recreational pursuits,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the restriction on access via the funicular means walkers and climbers cannot use the railway to access the hills. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Angling" title="Angling">Angling</a> for <a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">trout</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_salmon" title="Atlantic salmon">salmon</a> is popular in the lochs and rivers that surround the mountains, and <a href="/wiki/Loch_Avon" class="mw-redirect" title="Loch Avon">Loch Avon</a> in the very heart of the range is noted for its <a href="/wiki/Arctic_charr" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic charr">Arctic charr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other popular activities include <a href="/wiki/Birdwatching" title="Birdwatching">birdwatching</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_watching" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife watching">wildlife watching</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whilst the Cairngorm Gliding Club (based in Glen Feshie) offers the opportunity for <a href="/wiki/Gliding" title="Gliding">gliding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:3008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cairngorms-panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Cairngorms from Càrn Liath to the south"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cairngorms-panorama.jpg/3000px-Cairngorms-panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="3000" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cairngorms-panorama.jpg/4500px-Cairngorms-panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cairngorms-panorama.jpg/6000px-Cairngorms-panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11254" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Cairngorms-panorama.jpg" title="File:Cairngorms-panorama.jpg"> </a></div>The Cairngorms from Càrn Liath to the south</div></div></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cairngorm_mountains_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1512462.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cairn Lochan (1215 m)."><img alt="Cairn Lochan (1215 m)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Cairngorm_mountains_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1512462.jpg/180px-Cairngorm_mountains_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1512462.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Cairngorm_mountains_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1512462.jpg/270px-Cairngorm_mountains_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1512462.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Cairngorm_mountains_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1512462.jpg/360px-Cairngorm_mountains_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1512462.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cairn Lochan (1215 m).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_north_west_from_the_summit_of_Beinn_Bhreac_-_geograph.org.uk_-_760977.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View north-west from the summit of Beinn Bhreac (931 m)."><img alt="View north-west from the summit of Beinn Bhreac (931 m)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/View_north_west_from_the_summit_of_Beinn_Bhreac_-_geograph.org.uk_-_760977.jpg/180px-View_north_west_from_the_summit_of_Beinn_Bhreac_-_geograph.org.uk_-_760977.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/View_north_west_from_the_summit_of_Beinn_Bhreac_-_geograph.org.uk_-_760977.jpg/270px-View_north_west_from_the_summit_of_Beinn_Bhreac_-_geograph.org.uk_-_760977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/View_north_west_from_the_summit_of_Beinn_Bhreac_-_geograph.org.uk_-_760977.jpg/360px-View_north_west_from_the_summit_of_Beinn_Bhreac_-_geograph.org.uk_-_760977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="663" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View north-west from the summit of <a href="/wiki/Beinn_Bhreac_(Glen_Derry)" title="Beinn Bhreac (Glen Derry)">Beinn Bhreac</a> (931 m).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_western_slopes_of_Beinn_Mheadhoin_-_geograph.org.uk_-_532107.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Loch Etchachan."><img alt="Loch Etchachan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/South_western_slopes_of_Beinn_Mheadhoin_-_geograph.org.uk_-_532107.jpg/180px-South_western_slopes_of_Beinn_Mheadhoin_-_geograph.org.uk_-_532107.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/South_western_slopes_of_Beinn_Mheadhoin_-_geograph.org.uk_-_532107.jpg/270px-South_western_slopes_of_Beinn_Mheadhoin_-_geograph.org.uk_-_532107.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/South_western_slopes_of_Beinn_Mheadhoin_-_geograph.org.uk_-_532107.jpg/360px-South_western_slopes_of_Beinn_Mheadhoin_-_geograph.org.uk_-_532107.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="449" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Loch_Etchachan" title="Loch Etchachan">Loch Etchachan</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis" title="Ben Nevis">Ben Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn_Gorm" title="Cairn Gorm">Cairn Gorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairngorms_National_Park" title="Cairngorms National Park">Cairngorms National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Forest" title="Caledonian Forest">Caledonian Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Munro_mountains" title="List of Munro mountains">List of Munro mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountains_and_hills_of_Scotland" title="Mountains and hills of Scotland">Mountains and hills of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png/28px-The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png/42px-The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png/56px-The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="994" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mountains" title="Portal:Mountains">mountains portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Cairngorm weather station is at 1,245 m (4,085 ft) and has been operating since 1977</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SSSI-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SSSI_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSSI_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Cairgorms Nature (Cairngorms National Park Authority)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+to+look+for+in+mountains+and+moorlands&rft.pub=Cairgorms+Nature+%28Cairngorms+National+Park+Authority%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairngormsnature.co.uk%2Fmountain-and-moorland-wildlife-to-look-out-for&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairngorms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reindeer-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reindeer_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reindeer_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairngormreindeer.co.uk/history-of-the-herd/">"History"</a>. The Cairngorm Reindeer Herd. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian&rft.atitle=Doctor+Watson%27s+feeling+for+snow&rft.date=2009-02-07&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2009%2Ffeb%2F07%2Fweather&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairngorms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sheet36-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sheet36_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sheet36_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sheet36_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sheet36_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sheet36_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sheet36_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a> Landranger 1:50000, Sheet 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-watson1975-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-watson1975_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson1975_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson1975_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson1975" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Adam (1975). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cairngorms" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cairngorms">The Cairngorms</a></i>. Edinburgh: The Scottish Mountaineering Trust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cairngorms&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=The+Scottish+Mountaineering+Trust&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairngorms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alex1928-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alex1928_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alex1928_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1928" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, Henry (1928). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cairngorms" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cairngorms">The Cairngorms</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Invereshie+and+Inshriach+National+Nature+Reserve&rft.pages=18-19&rft.pub=Scottish+Natural+Heritage&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.scot%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2018-02%2FThe%2520Story%2520of%2520Invereshie%2520and%2520Inshriach%2520National%2520Nature%2520Reserve.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairngorms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nts.org.uk/stories/scotlands-newest-national-nature-reserves">"Scotland's Newest National Nature Reserves"</a>. National Trust for Scotland. 24 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Grough. 7 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cairn+Gorm+funicular+to+allow+walkers+on+to+mountain&rft.pub=Grough&rft.date=2010-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grough.co.uk%2Fmagazine%2F2010%2F07%2F07%2Fcairn-gorm-funicular-to-allow-walkers-on-to-mountain%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairngorms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171217173147/http://www.cairngormmountain.org/funicular-railway/">"Mountain Railway"</a>. CairnGorm Mountain. 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairngormmountain.org/funicular-railway/">the original</a> on 17 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mountain+Railway&rft.pub=CairnGorm+Mountain&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairngormmountain.org%2Ffunicular-railway%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairngorms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/destinations/the_northern_corries_-_winter-2175">"The Northern Corries - Winter"</a>. UK Climbing. 30 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Northern+Corries+-+Winter&rft.pub=UK+Climbing&rft.date=2009-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukclimbing.com%2Farticles%2Fdestinations%2Fthe_northern_corries_-_winter-2175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairngorms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outdooraccess-scotland.scot/sites/default/files/2018-05/Publication%202005%20-%20Scottish%20Outdoor%20Access%20Code.pdf">"Scottish Outdoor Access Code"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.outdooraccess-scotland.scot</i>. Scottish Natural Heritage. 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.outdooraccess-scotland.scot&rft.atitle=Scottish+Outdoor+Access+Code&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outdooraccess-scotland.scot%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2018-05%2FPublication%25202005%2520-%2520Scottish%2520Outdoor%2520Access%2520Code.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairngorms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.selfcatering-scotland.net/2017/12/19/top-fishing-spots-in-the-cairngorms/">"Top Fishing Spots in the Cairngorms"</a>. Self-catering Scotland. 19 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+Fishing+Spots+in+the+Cairngorms&rft.pub=Self-catering+Scotland&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.selfcatering-scotland.net%2F2017%2F12%2F19%2Ftop-fishing-spots-in-the-cairngorms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairngorms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairngormsnature.co.uk/where-to-see-wildlife">"Mountain Railway"</a>. Cairngorms Natures - Cairngorms National Park Authority. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mountain+Railway&rft.pub=Cairngorms+Natures+-+Cairngorms+National+Park+Authority&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairngormsnature.co.uk%2Fwhere-to-see-wildlife&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairngorms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gliding.org/for-visiting-pilots.html">"For Visiting Pilots"</a>. Cairngorm Gliding Club. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+Visiting+Pilots&rft.pub=Cairngorm+Gliding+Club&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gliding.org%2Ffor-visiting-pilots.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairngorms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllenDavidson2012" class="citation book cs1">Allen, John; Davidson, Robert (2012). <i>Cairngorm John: A Life in Mountain Rescue</i> (eBook). Dingwall: Sandstone Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908737-48-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908737-48-9"><bdi>978-1-908737-48-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cairngorm+John%3A+A+Life+in+Mountain+Rescue&rft.place=Dingwall&rft.pub=Sandstone+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-908737-48-9&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Davidson%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairngorms" class="Z3988"></span> John Allen joined the Cairngorm Mountain Rescue Team after the time of the disaster and went on to become its leader.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2014" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Patrick (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Z68BQAAQBAJ&q=%22feith%20buidhe%20fatal%20accident%22&pg=PT36">"The Lost Shelter"</a>. <i>The Cairngorms: A Secret History</i>. Birlinn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857908094" title="Special:BookSources/9780857908094"><bdi>9780857908094</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Lost+Shelter&rft.btitle=The+Cairngorms%3A+A+Secret+History&rft.pub=Birlinn&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780857908094&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1Z68BQAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522feith%2520buidhe%2520fatal%2520accident%2522%26pg%3DPT36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairngorms" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson1992" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Adam (1992). <i>The Cairngorms, Lochnagar and the Mounth</i> (6th ed.). Scottish Mountaineering Trust. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907521-39-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-907521-39-8"><bdi>0-907521-39-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cairngorms%2C+Lochnagar+and+the+Mounth&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Scottish+Mountaineering+Trust&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-907521-39-8&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairngorms" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Watson_(scientist)" title="Adam Watson (scientist)">Adam Watson</a> is an academic and hill walker with very great experience of the Cairngorms.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cairngorms" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cairngorms">Cairngorms</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bscg.org.uk/">The Badenoch and Strathspey Conservation Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairngormclub.org.uk/">The Cairngorm Club</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairngorms.co.uk/">Cairngorms National Park</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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href="/wiki/Argyll_and_Bute" title="Argyll and Bute">Argyll and Bute</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jura,_Scotland" title="Jura, Scotland">Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis_and_Glen_Coe_National_Scenic_Area" title="Ben Nevis and Glen Coe National Scenic Area">Ben Nevis and Glen Coe</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knapdale" title="Knapdale">Knapdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyles_of_Bute" title="Kyles of Bute">Kyles of Bute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond" title="Loch Lomond">Loch Lomond</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_na_Keal" title="Loch na Keal">Loch na Keal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lismore,_Scotland" title="Lismore, Scotland">Lynn of Lorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarba,_Lunga_and_the_Garvellachs_National_Scenic_Area" title="Scarba, Lunga and the Garvellachs National Scenic Area">Scarba, Lunga and the Garvellachs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dumfries_and_Galloway" title="Dumfries and Galloway">Dumfries and Galloway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Firth" title="Rough Firth">East Stewartry Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_of_Fleet" title="Water of Fleet">Fleet Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Nith" title="River Nith">Nith Estuary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Highland_(council_area)" title="Highland (council area)">Highland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assynt" title="Assynt">Assynt</a>-<a href="/wiki/Coigach" title="Coigach">Coigach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis_and_Glen_Coe_National_Scenic_Area" title="Ben Nevis and Glen Coe National Scenic Area">Ben Nevis and Glen Coe</a> (part)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cairngorms</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuillin" title="Cuillin">Cuillin Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornoch_Firth" title="Dornoch Firth">Dornoch Firth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Affric" title="Glen Affric">Glen Affric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Strathfarrar" title="Glen Strathfarrar">Glen Strathfarrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintail" title="Kintail">Kintail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoydart" title="Knoydart">Knoydart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_of_Tongue" title="Kyle of Tongue">Kyle of Tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Shiel" title="Loch Shiel">Loch Shiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morar,_Moidart_and_Ardnamurchan_National_Scenic_Area" title="Morar, Moidart and Ardnamurchan National Scenic Area">Morar, Moidart and Ardnamurchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_Sutherland_National_Scenic_Area" title="North West Sutherland National Scenic Area">North West Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Isles" title="Small Isles">Small Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotternish" title="Trotternish">Trotternish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wester_Ross" title="Wester Ross">Wester Ross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moray" title="Moray">Moray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cairngorms</a> (part)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Na h-Eileanan Siar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Lewis,_Harris_and_North_Uist_National_Scenic_Area" title="South Lewis, Harris and North Uist National Scenic Area">South Lewis, Harris and North Uist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Uist" title="South Uist">South Uist Machair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Scotland" title="St Kilda, Scotland">St Kilda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Ayrshire" title="North Ayrshire">North Ayrshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Arran" title="Isle of Arran">North Arran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoy_and_West_Mainland_National_Scenic_Area" title="Hoy and West Mainland National Scenic Area">Hoy and West Mainland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perth_and_Kinross" title="Perth and Kinross">Perth and Kinross</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis_and_Glen_Coe_National_Scenic_Area" title="Ben Nevis and Glen Coe National Scenic Area">Ben Nevis and Glen Coe</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Rannoch_and_Glen_Lyon_National_Scenic_Area" title="Loch Rannoch and Glen Lyon National Scenic Area">Loch Rannoch and Glen Lyon</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Tummel" title="Loch Tummel">Loch Tummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Earn" title="River Earn">River Earn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Comrie,_Perth_and_Kinross" title="Comrie, Perth and Kinross">Comrie</a> to <a href="/wiki/St_Fillans" title="St Fillans">St Fillans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tay" title="River Tay">River Tay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dunkeld" title="Dunkeld">Dunkeld</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eildon_Hill" title="Eildon Hill">Eildon and Leaderfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Tweeddale_National_Scenic_Area" title="Upper Tweeddale National Scenic Area">Upper Tweeddale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stirling_(council_area)" title="Stirling (council area)">Stirling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond" title="Loch Lomond">Loch Lomond</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Rannoch_and_Glen_Lyon_National_Scenic_Area" title="Loch Rannoch and Glen Lyon National Scenic Area">Loch Rannoch and Glen Lyon</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trossachs" title="Trossachs">The Trossachs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Dunbartonshire" title="West Dunbartonshire">West Dunbartonshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond" title="Loch Lomond">Loch Lomond</a> (part)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/236107270">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4499501-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85018714">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cairngorms (Skotsko : pohoří)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge829530&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007293776805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&oldid=1258874588">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cairngorms&oldid=1258874588</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN_Category_IV" title="Category:IUCN Category IV">IUCN Category IV</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cairngorms" title="Category:Cairngorms">Cairngorms</a></li><li><a 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