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</button> <ul id="toc-Landforms_by_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aeolian_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aeolian_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Aeolian landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aeolian_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coastal_and_oceanic_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coastal_and_oceanic_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Coastal and oceanic landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coastal_and_oceanic_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cryogenic_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cryogenic_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Cryogenic landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cryogenic_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erosion_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erosion_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Erosion landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erosion_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fluvial_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fluvial_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Fluvial landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fluvial_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Impact landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lacustrine_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lacustrine_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Lacustrine landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lacustrine_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mountain_and_glacial_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mountain_and_glacial_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Mountain and glacial landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mountain_and_glacial_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slope_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slope_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Slope landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slope_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tectonic_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tectonic_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Tectonic landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tectonic_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volcanic_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volcanic_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Volcanic landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volcanic_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weathering_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weathering_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>Weathering landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weathering_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landforms_by_shape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landforms_by_shape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Landforms by shape</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landforms_by_shape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Landforms by shape subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Landforms_by_shape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Positive_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positive_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Positive landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positive_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depressions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depressions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Depressions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depressions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flat_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flat_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Flat landforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flat_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landforms,_alphabetic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landforms,_alphabetic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Landforms, alphabetic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landforms,_alphabetic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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exposure, and soil type. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landforms_by_process">Landforms by process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Landforms by process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Landforms organized by the processes that create them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aeolian_landforms">Aeolian landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Aeolian landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_landform" title="Aeolian landform">Aeolian landform</a> – Landforms produced by action of the winds include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_lake" title="Dry lake">Dry lake</a> – Area that contained a standing surface water body</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhill" title="Sandhill">Sandhill</a> – Type of ecological community or xeric wildfire-maintained ecosystem</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventifact" title="Ventifact">Ventifact</a> – Rock that has been eroded by wind-driven sand or ice crystals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardang" title="Yardang">Yardang</a> – Streamlined aeolian landform</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coastal_and_oceanic_landforms">Coastal and oceanic landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Coastal and oceanic landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Coastal_geography" title="Coastal geography">Coastal geography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physical_oceanography" title="Physical oceanography">Physical oceanography</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_submarine_topographical_features" title="List of submarine topographical features">List of submarine topographical features</a></div> <p>Coastal and oceanic landforms include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssal_fan" title="Abyssal fan">Abyssal fan</a> – Underwater geological structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyssal_plain" title="Abyssal plain">Abyssal plain</a> – Flat area on the deep ocean floor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">Archipelago</a> – Collection of islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">Atoll</a> – Ring-shaped coral reef</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_arch" title="Natural arch">Arch</a> – Arch-shaped natural rock formation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayre_(landform)" title="Ayre (landform)">Ayre</a> – Shingle beaches in Orkney and Shetland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrier bar">Barrier bar</a> – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_island" title="Barrier island">Barrier island</a> – Coastal dune landform that forms by wave and tidal action parallel to the mainland coast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay" title="Bay">Bay</a> – Recessed, coastal body of water connected to an ocean or lake</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baymouth_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Baymouth bar">Baymouth bar</a> – low and narrow strip of alluvial land made from sand or pebbles<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">Beach</a> – Area of loose particles at the edge of the sea or other body of water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_beach" title="Raised beach">Raised beach</a> – Emergent coastal landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_cusps" title="Beach cusps">Beach cusps</a> – Shoreline formations made up of various grades of sediment in an arc pattern</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_ridge" title="Beach ridge">Beach ridge</a> – Wave-swept or wave-deposited ridge running parallel to a shoreline</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bight_(geography)" title="Bight (geography)">Bight</a> – Shallowly concave bend or curve in a coastline, river, or other geographical feature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blowhole_(geology)" title="Blowhole (geology)">Blowhole</a> – Hole at the top of a sea-cave which allows waves to force water or spray out of the hole</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">Channel</a> – Narrow body of water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_(geography)" title="Cape (geography)">Cape</a> – Large headland extending into a body of water, usually the sea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calanque" title="Calanque">Calanque</a> – Narrow inlet on the Mediterranean coast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">Cliff</a> – Tall, near vertical rock face</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">Coast</a> – Area where land meets the sea or ocean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">Continental shelf</a> – Coastal and oceanic landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral reef</a> – Outcrop of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cove" title="Cove">Cove</a> – Small sheltered bay or coastal inlet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuspate_foreland" title="Cuspate foreland">Cuspate foreland</a> – Geographical features found on coastlines and lakeshores</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">Dune system</a> – Hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes or the flow of water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">Estuary</a> – Partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firth" title="Firth">Firth</a> – Scottish word used for various coastal inlets and straits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjard" title="Fjard">Fjard</a> – Glacially formed, broad, shallow inlet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">Fjord</a> – Long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo_(landform)" title="Geo (landform)">Geo</a> – Inlet, a gully or a narrow and deep cleft in the face of a cliff</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf" title="Gulf">Gulf</a> – Large inlet from the ocean into the landmass <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gulfs" title="List of gulfs">List of gulfs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headland" title="Headland">Headland</a> – Landform extending into a body of water, often with significant height and drop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inlet" title="Inlet">Inlet</a> – Indentation of a shoreline</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a> – Piece of subcontinental land completely surrounded by water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islet" title="Islet">Islet</a> – Very small island</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus" title="Isthmus">Isthmus</a> – Narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">Lagoon</a> – Shallow body of water separated from a larger one by a narrow landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machair" title="Machair">Machair</a> – Fertile low-lying grassy plain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_terrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine terrace">Marine terrace</a> – Emergent coastal landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge" title="Mid-ocean ridge">Mid-ocean ridge</a> – Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_basin" title="Oceanic basin">Oceanic basin</a> – Geologic basin under the sea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_plateau" title="Oceanic plateau">Oceanic plateau</a> – Relatively flat submarine region that rises well above the level of the ambient seabed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanic ridge">Oceanic ridge</a> – An underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_trench" title="Oceanic trench">Oceanic trench</a> – Long and narrow depressions of the sea floor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">Peninsula</a> – Landform surrounded more than half but not entirely by water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ria" title="Ria">Ria</a> – Coastal inlet formed by the partial submergence of an unglaciated river valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">River delta</a> – Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">Salt marsh</a> – Coastal ecosystem between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cave" title="Sea cave">Sea cave</a> – Cave formed by the wave action of the sea and located along present or former coastlines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamount" title="Seamount">Seamount</a> – Mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamount_chains" class="mw-redirect" title="Seamount chains">Seamount chains</a> – Mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">Shoal</a> – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shore" class="mw-redirect" title="Shore">Shore</a> – Area where land meets the sea or ocean<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_(geography)" title="Sound (geography)">Sound</a> – A long, relatively wide body of water, connecting two larger bodies of water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spit_(landform)" title="Spit (landform)">Spit</a> – Coastal bar or beach landform deposited by longshore drift</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">Strait</a> – Naturally formed, narrow, typically navigable waterway that connects two larger bodies of water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandflat" title="Strandflat">Strandflat</a> – Type of landform found in high-latitude areas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stack_(geology)" title="Stack (geology)">Stack</a> – Geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock, and stump</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_canyon" title="Submarine canyon">Submarine canyon</a> – Steep-sided valley cut into the seabed of the continental slope</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surge_channel" title="Surge channel">Surge channel</a> – Type of coastal landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessellated_pavement" title="Tessellated pavement">Tessellated pavement</a> – Relatively flat rock surface that is subdivided into more or less regular shapes by fractures</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_marsh" title="Tidal marsh">Tidal marsh</a> – Marsh subject to tidal change in water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tide_pool" title="Tide pool">Tide pool</a> – Rocky pool on a seashore, separated from the sea at low tide, filled with seawater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombolo" title="Tombolo">Tombolo</a> – Deposition landform in which an island is connected to the mainland by a sandy isthmus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_arc" title="Volcanic arc">Volcanic arc</a> – Chain of volcanoes formed above a subducting plate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave-cut_platform" title="Wave-cut platform">Wave-cut platform</a> – Narrow flat area created by erosion</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cryogenic_landforms">Cryogenic landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cryogenic landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blockfield" title="Blockfield">Blockfield</a> – a surface covered by angular rocks, a landform result of periglaciation<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryoplanation" title="Cryoplanation">Cryoplanation terrace</a> – Formation of plains, terraces and pediments in periglacial environments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounus">Earth hummocks</a> – Small knoll or mound above ground<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurum_(landform)" title="Kurum (landform)">Kurum</a> – Mantle of loose rocks moving by creeping on gentle slopes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithalsa" title="Lithalsa">Lithalsa</a> – Frost-induced raised land form in permafrost areas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivation" title="Nivation">Nivation hollow</a> – Geomorphic processes associated with snow patches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palsa" title="Palsa">Palsa</a> – A low, often oval, frost heave occurring in polar and subpolar climates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palsa#Permafrost_plateau" title="Palsa">Permafrost plateau</a> – A low, often oval, frost heave occurring in polar and subpolar climates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingo" title="Pingo">Pingo</a> – Mound of earth-covered ice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_glacier" title="Rock glacier">Rock glacier</a> – Glacial landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solifluction_lobes_and_sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Solifluction lobes and sheets">Solifluction lobes and sheets</a> – Freeze-thaw mass wasting slope processes<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermokarst" title="Thermokarst">Thermokarst</a> – Irregular land surface of marshy hollows and small hummocks formed when permafrost thaws</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erosion_landforms">Erosion landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Erosion landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Landforms produced by <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weathering" title="Weathering">weathering</a> usually occur in rocky or fluvial environments, and many also appear under those headings. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%AAte" title="Arête">Arête</a> – Narrow ridge of rock which separates two valleys</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badlands" title="Badlands">Badlands</a> – Type of heavily eroded terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornhardt" title="Bornhardt">Bornhardt</a> – A large dome-shaped, steep-sided, bald rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butte" title="Butte">Butte</a> – Isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">Canyon</a> – Deep chasm between cliffs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a> – Natural void under the Earth's surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirque" title="Cirque">Cirque</a> – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">Cliff</a> – Tall, near vertical rock face</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chink_(geology)" title="Chink (geology)">Chink</a>, regional term in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> for steep chalk and limestone escarpments and cliffs of height up to 350m, often around flat-top elevations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryoplanation" title="Cryoplanation">Cryoplanation terrace</a> – Formation of plains, terraces and pediments in periglacial environments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuesta" title="Cuesta">Cuesta</a> – Hill or ridge with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissected_plateau" title="Dissected plateau">Dissected plateau</a> – Plateaus area that has been severely eroded so that the relief is sharp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erg_(landform)" title="Erg (landform)">Erg</a> – Broad area of desert covered with wind-swept sand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etchplain" title="Etchplain">Etchplain</a> – Plain where the bedrock has been subject to considerable subsurface weathering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhumed_river_channel" title="Exhumed river channel">Exhumed river channel</a> – Ridge of sandstone that remains when the softer flood plain mudstone is eroded away</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">Fjord</a> – Long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flared_slope" title="Flared slope">Flared slope</a> – Rock-wall with a smooth transition into a concavity at the foot zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatiron_(geomorphology)" title="Flatiron (geomorphology)">Flatiron</a> – Steeply sloping triangular landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulch" title="Gulch">Gulch</a> – Deep V-shaped valley formed by erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gully" title="Gully">Gully</a> – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogback_(geology)" title="Hogback (geology)">Hogback</a> – Long, narrow ridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(geology)" title="Hoodoo (geology)">Hoodoo</a> – Tall, thin spire of relatively soft rock usually topped by harder rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homoclinal_ridge" title="Homoclinal ridge">Homoclinal ridge</a> – Ridge with a moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inselberg" title="Inselberg">Inselberg</a>, also known as Monadnock – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_relief" title="Inverted relief">Inverted relief</a> – Landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavaka" title="Lavaka">Lavaka</a> – Type of gully, formed via groundwater sapping</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone_pavement" title="Limestone pavement">Limestone pavement</a> – Natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa" title="Mesa">Mesa</a> – Elevated area of land with a flat top and sides, usually much wider than buttes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_rock" title="Mushroom rock">Mushroom rock</a> – Naturally occurring rock whose shape resembles a mushroom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_arch" title="Natural arch">Natural arch</a> – Arch-shaped natural rock formation</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paleoplain" class="extiw" title="wikt:paleoplain">Paleoplain</a> - A buried erosion plain; a particularly large and flat erosion surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediment_(geology)" title="Pediment (geology)">Pediment</a> – Very gently sloping inclined bedrock surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediplain" title="Pediplain">Pediplain</a> – Extensive plain formed by the coalescence of pediments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peneplain" title="Peneplain">Peneplain</a> – Low-relief plain formed by protracted erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planation_surface" title="Planation surface">Planation surface</a> – Large-scale land surface that is almost flat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potrero_(landform)" title="Potrero (landform)">Potrero</a> – Long mesa that at one end slopes upward to higher terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge" title="Ridge">Ridge</a> – Long, narrow, elevated landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B4che_moutonn%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Rôche moutonnée">Rôche moutonnée</a> – Rock formation created by the passing of a glacier<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_formations" title="List of rock formations">List of rock formations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homoclinal_ridge" title="Homoclinal ridge">Strike ridge</a> – Ridge with a moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_(geology)" title="Bench (geology)">Structural bench</a> – Long, relatively narrow land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(geology)" title="Terrace (geology)">Structural terrace</a> – A step-like landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepui" title="Tepui">Tepui</a> – Table-top mountain or mesa in the Guiana Highlands of South America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessellated_pavement" title="Tessellated pavement">Tessellated pavement</a> – Relatively flat rock surface that is subdivided into more or less regular shapes by fractures</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truncated_spur" title="Truncated spur">Truncated spur</a> – Ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_(rock_formation)" title="Tor (rock formation)">Tor</a> – Large, free-standing rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Valley</a> – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave-cut_platform" title="Wave-cut platform">Wave-cut platform</a> – Narrow flat area created by erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_gap" title="Wind gap">Wind gap</a> – Topographic gap made by a former waterway</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fluvial_landforms">Fluvial landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fluvial landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_fluvial_landforms" title="List of fluvial landforms">List of fluvial landforms</a>.</div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial">Fluvial</a> – Sediment processes associated with rivers and streams<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span> landforms include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ait" title="Ait">Ait</a> – Islands found on the River Thames and its tributaries in England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alluvial_fan" title="Alluvial fan">Alluvial fan</a> – Fan-shaped deposit of sediment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabranch" title="Anabranch">Anabranch</a> – A section of a river or stream that diverts from the main channel and rejoins it downstream.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_(watercourse)" title="Arroyo (watercourse)">Arroyo</a> – Dry watercourse with flow after rain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_valley" title="Asymmetric valley">Asymmetric valley</a> – Valley that has steeper slopes on one side</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backswamp" title="Backswamp">Backswamp</a> – Environment on a floodplain where deposits settle after a flood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajada_(geography)" title="Bajada (geography)">Bajada</a> – compound Alluvial fan<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">Bar</a> – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayou" title="Bayou">Bayou</a> – Body of water in flat, low-lying areas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_(geology)" title="Bench (geology)">Bench</a> – Long, relatively narrow land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braided_river" title="Braided river">Braided channel</a> – Network of river channels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">Canyon</a> – Deep chasm between cliffs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a> – Natural void under the Earth's surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">Cliff</a> – Tall, near vertical rock face</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_bank" title="Cut bank">Cut bank</a> – Outside bank of a water channel, which is continually undergoing erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crevasse_splay" title="Crevasse splay">Crevasse splay</a> – Sediment deposited on a floodplain by a stream which breaks its levees</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">Confluence</a> – Meeting of two or more bodies of flowing water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Drainage basin</a> – Land area where water converges to a common outlet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_divide" title="Drainage divide">Drainage divide</a> – Elevated terrain that separates neighbouring drainage basins</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">Endorheic basin</a> – Closed drainage basin that has no outflow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrenched_meander" class="mw-redirect" title="Entrenched meander">Entrenched meander</a> – One of a series of curves in a channel of a matured stream<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigenetic_valley" title="Epigenetic valley">Epigenetic valley</a> – Valley created by erosion and with little or no sympathy for bedrock structure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esker" title="Esker">Esker</a> – Long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel associated with former glaciers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhumed_river_channel" title="Exhumed river channel">Exhumed river channel</a> – Ridge of sandstone that remains when the softer flood plain mudstone is eroded away</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">Floodplain</a> – Land adjacent to a water body which is flooded during periods of high water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_island" title="River island">Fluvial island</a> – Exposed landmass within a river</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvial_terrace" title="Fluvial terrace">Fluvial terrace</a> – Elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">Gorge</a> – Deep chasm between cliffs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gully" title="Gully">Gully</a> – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levee</a> – Ridge or wall to hold back water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">Marsh</a> – Low-lying and seasonally waterlogged land</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander" title="Meander">Meander</a> – One of a series of curves in a channel of a matured stream</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misfit_stream" title="Misfit stream">Misfit stream</a> – River too large or too small to have eroded the valley or cave passage in which it flows</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrows" title="Narrows">Narrows</a> – Restricted land or water passage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxbow_lake" title="Oxbow lake">Oxbow lake</a> – U-shaped lake or pool left by an ancient river meander</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_bar" title="Point bar">Point bar</a> – Landform related to streams and rivers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunge_pool" title="Plunge pool">Plunge pool</a> – Depression at the base of a waterfall</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothole_(landform)" title="Pothole (landform)">Pothole</a> – Natural bowl-shaped hollow carved into a streambed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapids" title="Rapids">Rapids</a> – River section with increased velocity and turbulence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riffle" title="Riffle">Riffle</a> – Shallow landform in a flowing channel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River" title="River">River</a> – Natural flowing freshwater stream</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">River delta</a> – Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_island" title="River island">River island</a> – Exposed landmass within a river</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_basin" title="Rock-cut basin">Rock-cut basin</a> – Cylindrical depression cut into stream or river beds</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shut-in_(river)" title="Shut-in (river)">Shut-in</a> – Type of rock formation found in Ozarks streams</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalweg" title="Thalweg">Thalweg</a> – Line of lowest elevation in a watercourse or valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_island" title="River island">Towhead</a> – Exposed landmass within a river</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">Shoal</a> – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrosphere)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring (hydrosphere)">Spring</a> – A point at which water emenges from an aquifer to the surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strath" title="Strath">Strath</a> – Large valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">Stream</a> – Body of surface water flowing down a channel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_pool" title="Stream pool">Stream pool</a> – Deep and slow-moving stretch of a watercourse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">Swamp</a> – A forested wetland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Valley</a> – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley#Vales" title="Valley">Vale</a> – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wadi</a> – River valley, especially a dry riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfall" title="Waterfall">Waterfall</a> – A point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Watershed</a> – Land area where water converges to a common outlet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazoo_stream" title="Yazoo stream">Yazoo stream</a> – Hydrologic term</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-shaped_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="V-shaped valley">V-shaped valley</a> – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_landforms">Impact landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Impact landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Landforms created by <a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">extraterrestrial impacts</a> – Collision of two astronomical objects – include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Central peak">Central peak</a> – Large impact craters with uplifted centres<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_crater" title="Complex crater">Complex crater</a> – Large impact craters with uplifted centres</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cratered_landscape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cratered landscape (page does not exist)">Cratered landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejecta_blanket" title="Ejecta blanket">Ejecta blanket</a> – Symmetrical apron of ejecta that surrounds an impact crater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_crater" title="Impact crater">Impact crater</a> – Circular depression in a solid astronomical body formed by the impact of a smaller object</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_crater_lake" title="Impact crater lake">Impact crater lake</a> – Lake formed within an impact crater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple crater">Simple crater</a> – Circular depression in a solid astronomical body formed by the impact of a smaller object<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lacustrine_landforms">Lacustrine landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lacustrine landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lacustrine – associated with lakes – landforms include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">Beach</a> – Area of loose particles at the edge of the sea or other body of water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_beach" title="Raised beach">Raised beach</a> – Emergent coastal landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolina bay">Carolina bay</a> – Elliptical depressions concentrated along the Atlantic seaboard of North America<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_lake" title="Dry lake">Dry lake</a> – Area that contained a standing surface water body</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chott" title="Chott">Chott</a> – Dry lake in the Saharan area of Africa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">Endorheic basin</a> – Closed drainage basin that has no outflow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacustrine_plain" title="Lacustrine plain">Lacustrine plain</a> – Lakes filled by sediment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(geology)" title="Terrace (geology)">Lacustrine terraces</a> – A step-like landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">Lake</a> – Large inland body of relatively still water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">Oasis</a> – Fertile area in a desert environment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxbow_lake" title="Oxbow lake">Oxbow lake</a> – U-shaped lake or pool left by an ancient river meander</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Roy" title="Glen Roy">Parallel Roads of Glen Roy</a> – Nature reserve in the Highlands of Scotland with ancient shoreline terraces</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">Pond</a> – Relatively small body of standing water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proglacial_lake" title="Proglacial lake">Proglacial lake</a> – Lake formed by the action of ice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_pan_(geology)" title="Salt pan (geology)">Salt pan</a>, also known as salt flat – Flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mountain_and_glacial_landforms">Mountain and glacial landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mountain and glacial landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mountain and <a href="/wiki/Glacial_landform" title="Glacial landform">glacial landform</a> – Landform created by the action of glaciers – include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%AAte" title="Arête">Arête</a> – Narrow ridge of rock which separates two valleys formed by glacial movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirque" title="Cirque">Cirque</a> – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col" title="Col">Col</a> – Lowest point on a mountain ridge between two peaks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crevasse" title="Crevasse">Crevasse</a> – A deep crack, or fracture, in an ice sheet or glacier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirque" title="Cirque">Corrie</a> – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion or cwm</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cove_(Appalachian_Mountains)" title="Cove (Appalachian Mountains)">Cove (mountain)</a> – Small valley in the Appalachian Mountains between two ridge lines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirt_cone" title="Dirt cone">Dirt cone</a> – Depositional glacial feature of ice or snow with an insulating layer of dirt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumlin" title="Drumlin">Drumlin</a> – Elongated hill formed by glacial action and <a href="/wiki/Drumlin_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Drumlin field">drumlin field</a> – Elongated hill formed by glacial action<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esker" title="Esker">Esker</a> – Long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel associated with former glaciers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">Fjord</a> – Long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvial_terrace" title="Fluvial terrace">Fluvial terrace</a> – Elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inselberg" title="Inselberg">Flyggberg</a> – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">Glacier</a> – Persistent body of ice that moves downhill under its own weight</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_cave" title="Glacier cave">Glacier cave</a> – Cave formed within the ice of a glacier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_foreland" title="Glacier foreland">Glacier foreland</a> – The region between the current leading edge of the glacier and the moraines of latest maximum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanging_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanging valley">Hanging valley</a> – A tributary valley that meets the main valley above the valley floor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland" title="Highland">Highland</a> – Area of high elevation such as a mountainous region or elevated mountainous plateau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill" title="Hill">Hill</a> – Landform that extends above the surrounding terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inselberg" title="Inselberg">Inselberg</a>, also known as monadnock – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kame" title="Kame">Kame</a> – Mound formed on a retreating glacier and deposited on land</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kame_delta" title="Kame delta">Kame delta</a> – Glacial melt water landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettle_(landform)" title="Kettle (landform)">Kettle</a> – Depression or hole in an outwash plain formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">Moraine</a> – Glacially formed accumulation of debris <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogen_moraine" title="Rogen moraine">Rogen moraine</a>, also known as Ribbed moraines – Landform of ridges deposited by a glacier or ice sheet transverse to ice flow</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulin_(geomorphology)" title="Moulin (geomorphology)">Moulin</a> – Shaft within a glacier or ice sheet which water enters from the surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">Mountain</a> – Large natural elevation of the Earth's surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_pass" title="Mountain pass">Mountain pass</a> – Route through a mountain range or over a ridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">Mountain range</a> – Geographic area containing several geologically related mountains</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunatak" title="Nunatak">Nunatak</a> – Landform within an ice field or glacier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proglacial_lake" title="Proglacial lake">Proglacial lake</a> – Lake formed by the action of ice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramidal_peak" title="Pyramidal peak">Pyramidal peak</a>, also known as Glacial horn – Angular, sharply pointed mountainous peak</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outwash_fan" title="Outwash fan">Outwash fan</a> – Type of sediment deposition by a melting glacier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outwash_plain" title="Outwash plain">Outwash plain</a> – Plain formed from glacier sediment transported by meltwater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rift_valley" title="Rift valley">Rift valley</a> – Linear lowland created by a tectonic rift or fault</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B4che_moutonn%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Rôche moutonnée">Rôche moutonnée</a> – Rock formation created by the passing of a glacier<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outwash_plain" title="Outwash plain">Sandur</a> – Plain formed from glacier sediment transported by meltwater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_valley" title="Side valley">Side valley</a> – Valley with a tributary to a larger river</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Summit</a> – Point on a surface with a higher elevation than all immediately adjacent points</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trim_line" title="Trim line">Trim line</a> – Clear line on the side of a valley marking the most recent highest extent of the glacier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truncated_spur" title="Truncated spur">Truncated spur</a> – Ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_valley" title="Tunnel valley">Tunnel valley</a> – Glacial-formed geographic feature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Valley</a> – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-shaped_valley" title="U-shaped valley">U-shaped valley</a> – Valleys formed by glacial scouring</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slope_landforms">Slope landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Slope landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slope landforms include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">Bluff</a> – Tall, near vertical rock face</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butte" title="Butte">Butte</a> – Isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">Canyon</a> – Deep chasm between cliffs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">Cliff</a> – Tall, near vertical rock face</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col" title="Col">Col</a> – Lowest point on a mountain ridge between two peaks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuesta" title="Cuesta">Cuesta</a> – Hill or ridge with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Dale</a> – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defile_(geography)" title="Defile (geography)">Defile</a> – Narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_(landform)" title="Dell (landform)">Dell</a> – Small secluded hollow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">Doab</a>, also known as Interfluve – Land between two converging, or confluent, rivers, mainly in the Punjab</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_(terrain)" title="Draw (terrain)">Draw</a> – Terrain feature formed by two parallel ridges or spurs with low ground in between</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escarpment" title="Escarpment">Escarpment</a>, also known as scarp – Steep slope or cliff separating two relatively level regions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_(landform)" title="Flat (landform)">Flat (landform)</a> – Relatively level surface of land within a region of greater relief</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen" title="Glen">Glen</a> – Name for valley commonly used in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gully" title="Gully">Gully</a> – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill" title="Hill">Hill</a> – Landform that extends above the surrounding terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillock" title="Hillock">Hillock</a>, also known as Knoll – Small hill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa" title="Mesa">Mesa</a> – Elevated area of land with a flat top and sides, usually much wider than buttes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_pass" title="Mountain pass">Mountain pass</a> – Route through a mountain range or over a ridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">Plain</a> – Expanse of land that is mostly flat and treeless</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">Plateau</a> – Highland area, usually of relatively flat terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravine" title="Ravine">Ravine</a> – Small valley, often due to stream erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge" title="Ridge">Ridge</a> – Long, narrow, elevated landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> – Shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_(landform)" title="Saddle (landform)">Saddle</a> – Land connecting two high points</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scree" title="Scree">Scree</a> – Broken rock fragments at base of cliff</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solifluction_lobes_and_sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Solifluction lobes and sheets">Solifluction lobes and sheets</a> – Freeze-thaw mass wasting slope processes<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strath" title="Strath">Strath</a> – Large valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Summit</a> – Point on a surface with a higher elevation than all immediately adjacent points</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(geology)" title="Terrace (geology)">Terrace</a> – A step-like landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terracette" title="Terracette">Terracette</a> – Small natural step-arranged soil ridges on hillsides</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="River valley">Vale</a> – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Valley</a> – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_shoulder" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley shoulder">Valley shoulder</a> – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tectonic_landforms">Tectonic landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tectonic landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Landforms created by tectonic activity include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_valley" title="Asymmetric valley">Asymmetric valley</a> – Valley that has steeper slopes on one side</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_(geology)" title="Dome (geology)">Dome</a> – Geological deformation structure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truncated_spur" title="Truncated spur">Faceted spur</a> – Ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fault_scarp" title="Fault scarp">Fault scarp</a> – Small vertical offset on the ground surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graben" title="Graben">Graben</a> – Depressed block of planetary crust bordered by parallel normal faults</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_(geology)" title="Horst (geology)">Horst</a> – Raised fault block bounded by normal faults</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge" title="Mid-ocean ridge">Mid-ocean ridge</a> – Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud_volcano" title="Mud volcano">Mud volcano</a> – Landform created by the eruption of mud or slurries, water and gases</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_trench" title="Oceanic trench">Oceanic trench</a> – Long and narrow depressions of the sea floor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull-apart_basin" title="Pull-apart basin">Pull-apart basin</a> – Type of basin in geology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rift_valley" title="Rift valley">Rift valley</a> – Linear lowland created by a tectonic rift or fault</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_boil" title="Sand boil">Sand boil</a> – Cone formed by the ejection of sand on a surface from a central point</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volcanic_landforms">Volcanic landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Volcanic landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volcanic landforms include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">Caldera</a> – Cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the emptying of a magma chamber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinder_cone" title="Cinder cone">Cinder cone</a> – Steep hill of pyroclastic fragments around a volcanic vent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_volcano" title="Complex volcano">Complex volcano</a> – Landform of more than one related volcanic centre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_dome#Cryptodomes" title="Lava dome">Cryptodome</a> – Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryovolcano" title="Cryovolcano">Cryovolcano</a> – Type of volcano that erupts volatiles such as water, ammonia or methane, instead of molten rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatreme" title="Diatreme">Diatreme</a> – Volcanic pipe associated with a gaseous explosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">Dike</a> – A sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fissure_vent" title="Fissure vent">Fissure vent</a> – Linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyser" title="Geyser">Geyser</a> – Natural explosive eruption of hot water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyot" title="Guyot">Guyot</a> – Isolated, flat-topped underwater volcano mountain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornito" title="Hornito">Hornito</a> – Conical structures built up by lava ejected through an opening in the crust of a lava flow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%ABpuka" title="Kīpuka">Kīpuka</a> – Area of land surrounded by one or more younger lava flows</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">Lava</a> – Molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_dome" title="Lava dome">Lava dome</a> – Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_dome#Lava_coulées" title="Lava dome">Lava coulee</a> – Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_field" title="Lava field">Lava field</a>, also known as lava plain – Large, mostly flat area of lava flows</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_lake" title="Lava lake">Lava lake</a> – Molten lava contained in a volcanic crater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_spine" title="Lava spine">Lava spine</a> – Vertical growth of solid volcanic lava</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_tube" title="Lava tube">Lava tube</a> – Natural conduit through which lava flows beneath the solid surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maar" title="Maar">Maar</a> – Low-relief volcanic crater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpa%C3%ADs_(landform)" title="Malpaís (landform)">Malpais</a> – Rough and barren landscape of relict and largely uneroded lava fields</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamelon_(volcanology)" title="Mamelon (volcanology)">Mamelon</a> – Rock formation created by eruption of relatively thick or stiff lava through a narrow vent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge" title="Mid-ocean ridge">Mid-ocean ridge</a> – Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_crater" title="Pit crater">Pit crater</a> – Depression formed by a sinking or collapse of the surface lying above a void or empty chamber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_shield" title="Pyroclastic shield">Pyroclastic shield</a> – Shield volcano formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurgent_dome" title="Resurgent dome">Resurgent dome</a> – Volcanic landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootless_cone" title="Rootless cone">Rootless cone</a>, also known as pseudocrater – Volcanic landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamount" title="Seamount">Seamount</a> – Mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">Shield volcano</a> – Low-profile volcano usually formed almost entirely of fluid lava flows</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">Stratovolcano</a> – Type of conical volcano composed of layers of lava and tephra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somma_volcano" title="Somma volcano">Somma volcano</a> – Volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_cone#Spatter_cone" title="Volcanic cone">Spatter cone</a> – Landform of ejecta from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater_lake" title="Volcanic crater lake">Volcanic crater lake</a> – Lake formed within a volcanic crater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subglacial_mound" title="Subglacial mound">Subglacial mound</a> – Volcano formed when lava erupts beneath a thick glacier or ice sheet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_volcano" title="Submarine volcano">Submarine volcano</a> – Underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">Supervolcano</a> – Volcano that has had an eruption with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 8</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_cone#Tuff_cones_(ash_cones)" title="Volcanic cone">Tuff cone</a> – Landform of ejecta from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuya" title="Tuya">Tuya</a> – Flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_vent" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic vent">Volcanic vent</a> – Rupture in a planet's crust where material escapes<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_cone" title="Volcanic cone">Volcanic cone</a> – Landform of ejecta from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">Volcanic crater</a> – Roughly circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_dam" title="Volcanic dam">Volcanic dam</a> – Natural dam produced directly or indirectly by volcanism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_field" title="Volcanic field">Volcanic field</a> – Area of Earth's crust prone to localized volcanic activity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_group" title="Volcanic group">Volcanic group</a> – Collection of related volcanoes or volcanic landforms</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">Volcanic island</a> – Island of volcanic origin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_plateau" title="Volcanic plateau">Volcanic plateau</a> – Plateau produced by volcanic activity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_plug" title="Volcanic plug">Volcanic plug</a> – Volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">Volcano</a> – Rupture in a planet's crust where material escapes</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weathering_landforms">Weathering landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Weathering landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weathering landforms include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bornhardt" title="Bornhardt">Bornhardt</a> – A large dome-shaped, steep-sided, bald rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etchplain" title="Etchplain">Etchplain</a> – Plain where the bedrock has been subject to considerable subsurface weathering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flared_slope" title="Flared slope">Flared slope</a> – Rock-wall with a smooth transition into a concavity at the foot zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluting_(geology)" title="Fluting (geology)">Flute</a> – in geology, process of differential weathering and erosion that produces a corrugated surface of ridges or flutes<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeycomb_weathering" title="Honeycomb weathering">Honeycomb weathering</a> – Form of cavernous weathering and subcategory of tafoni</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inselberg" title="Inselberg">Inselberg</a> – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">Karst</a> – Topography from dissolved soluble rocks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubbin_(landform)" title="Nubbin (landform)">Nubbin</a> – Small hill of bedrock with rounded residual blocks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhole" title="Panhole">Panhole</a> – Depression or basin eroded into flat or gently sloping cohesive rock (Weathering pit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafoni" title="Tafoni">Tafoni</a> – Small to large indentations in vertical to steeply sloping granular rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_(rock_formation)" title="Tor (rock formation)">Tor</a> – Large, free-standing rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landforms_by_shape">Landforms by shape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Landforms by shape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positive_landforms">Positive landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Positive landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bornhardt" title="Bornhardt">Bornhardt</a> – A large dome-shaped, steep-sided, bald rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinder_cone" title="Cinder cone">Cinder cone</a> – Steep hill of pyroclastic fragments around a volcanic vent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptodome" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptodome">Cryptodome</a> – Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_(geology)" title="Dome (geology)">Dome</a> – Geological deformation structure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumlin" title="Drumlin">Drumlin</a> – Elongated hill formed by glacial action</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite_dome" title="Granite dome">Granite dome</a> – Rounded hills of bare granite formed by exfoliation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillock" title="Hillock">Hillock</a> – Small hill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inselberg" title="Inselberg">Inselberg</a> – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_dome" title="Lava dome">Lava dome</a> – Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_spine" title="Lava spine">Lava spine</a> – Vertical growth of solid volcanic lava</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa" title="Mesa">Mesa</a> – Elevated area of land with a flat top and sides, usually much wider than buttes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogote" title="Mogote">Mogote</a> – Steep-sided residual hill of limestone, marble, or dolomite on a flat plain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubbin_(landform)" title="Nubbin (landform)">Nubbin</a> – Small hill of bedrock with rounded residual blocks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palsa" title="Palsa">Palsa</a> – A low, often oval, frost heave occurring in polar and subpolar climates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingo" title="Pingo">Pingo</a> – Mound of earth-covered ice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_shield" title="Pyroclastic shield">Pyroclastic shield</a> – Shield volcano formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurgent_dome" title="Resurgent dome">Resurgent dome</a> – Volcanic landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamount" title="Seamount">Seamount</a> – Mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">Shield volcano</a> – Low-profile volcano usually formed almost entirely of fluid lava flows</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratocone" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratocone">Stratocone</a> – Type of conical volcano composed of layers of lava and tephra<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">Stratovolcano</a> – Type of conical volcano composed of layers of lava and tephra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_(rock_formation)" title="Tor (rock formation)">Tor</a> – Large, free-standing rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_karst" title="Tower karst">Tower karst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuya" title="Tuya">Tuya</a> – Flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_cone" title="Volcanic cone">Volcanic cone</a> – Landform of ejecta from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">Volcanic island</a> – Island of volcanic origin</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Depressions">Depressions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Depressions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">Caldera</a> – Cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the emptying of a magma chamber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a> – Natural void under the Earth's surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenote" title="Cenote">Cenote</a> – Natural pit or sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirque" title="Cirque">Cirque</a> – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crevasse" title="Crevasse">Crevasse</a> – A deep crack, or fracture, in an ice sheet or glacier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflation_hollow" class="mw-redirect" title="Deflation hollow">Deflation hollow</a> – Depressions in a sand dune ecosystem caused by the removal of sediments by wind<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">Doline</a> – Geologically-formed topological depression</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnamma">Gnamma</a> – Depression or basin eroded into flat or gently sloping cohesive rock<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graben" title="Graben">Graben</a> – Depressed block of planetary crust bordered by parallel normal faults</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeycomb_weathering" title="Honeycomb weathering">Honeycomb weathering</a> – Form of cavernous weathering and subcategory of tafoni</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_crater" title="Impact crater">Impact crater</a> – Circular depression in a solid astronomical body formed by the impact of a smaller object</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_valley_landscape" title="Joint valley landscape">Joint valley</a> – Landscape originates from the erosion of joints in the bedrock, leaving out small plateaus or ridges in between. Common in Fennoscandia.<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettle_(landform)" title="Kettle (landform)">Kettle</a> – Depression or hole in an outwash plain formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">Lagoon</a> – Shallow body of water separated from a larger one by a narrow landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">Lake</a> – Large inland body of relatively still water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_lake" title="Lava lake">Lava lake</a> – Molten lava contained in a volcanic crater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maar" title="Maar">Maar</a> – Low-relief volcanic crater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivation" title="Nivation">Nivation hollow</a> – Geomorphic processes associated with snow patches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxbow_lake" title="Oxbow lake">Oxbow lake</a> – U-shaped lake or pool left by an ancient river meander</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhole" title="Panhole">Panhole</a> – Depression or basin eroded into flat or gently sloping cohesive rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothole_(landform)" title="Pothole (landform)">Pothole</a> – Natural bowl-shaped hollow carved into a streambed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunge_pool" title="Plunge pool">Plunge pool</a> – Depression at the base of a waterfall</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">Pond</a> – Relatively small body of standing water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull-apart_basin" title="Pull-apart basin">Pull-apart basin</a> – Type of basin in geology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarry</a> – A place from which a geological material has been excavated from the ground</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rift_zone" title="Rift zone">Rift</a> – Part of a volcano where a set of linear cracks form</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cave" title="Sea cave">Sea cave</a> – Cave formed by the wave action of the sea and located along present or former coastlines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">Sinkhole</a> – Geologically-formed topological depression</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sor_(geomorphology)" title="Sor (geomorphology)">Sor</a> – closed, drainless depression<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafoni" title="Tafoni">Tafoni</a> – Small to large indentations in vertical to steeply sloping granular rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermokarst" title="Thermokarst">Thermokarst</a> – Irregular land surface of marshy hollows and small hummocks formed when permafrost thaws</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">Volcanic crater</a> – Roughly circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_dam" title="Volcanic dam">Volcanic dam</a> – Natural dam produced directly or indirectly by volcanism</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flat_landforms">Flat landforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Flat landforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssal_fan" title="Abyssal fan">Abyssal fan</a> – Underwater geological structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyssal_plain" title="Abyssal plain">Abyssal plain</a> – Flat area on the deep ocean floor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_(geology)" title="Bench (geology)">Bench</a> – Long, relatively narrow land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butte" title="Butte">Butte</a> – Isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_plain" title="Coastal plain">Coastal plain</a> – Area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a seacoast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">Continental shelf</a> – Coastal and oceanic landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryoplanation" title="Cryoplanation">Cryoplanation terrace</a> – Formation of plains, terraces and pediments in periglacial environments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissected_plateau" title="Dissected plateau">Dissected plateau</a> – Plateaus area that has been severely eroded so that the relief is sharp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etchplain" title="Etchplain">Etchplain</a> – Plain where the bedrock has been subject to considerable subsurface weathering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">Floodplain</a> – Land adjacent to a water body which is flooded during periods of high water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvial_terrace" title="Fluvial terrace">Fluvial terrace</a> – Elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inselberg" title="Inselberg">Inselberg plain</a> – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(geology)" title="Terrace (geology)">Lacustrine terrace</a> – A step-like landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_field" title="Lava field">Lava field</a>, also known as lava plain – Large, mostly flat area of lava flows</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_basin" title="Oceanic basin">Oceanic basin</a> – Geologic basin under the sea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_plateau" title="Oceanic plateau">Oceanic plateau</a> – Relatively flat submarine region that rises well above the level of the ambient seabed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outwash_fan" title="Outwash fan">Outwash fan</a> – Type of sediment deposition by a melting glacier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outwash_plain" title="Outwash plain">Outwash plain</a> – Plain formed from glacier sediment transported by meltwater</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paleoplain" class="extiw" title="wikt:paleoplain">Paleoplain - A buried erosion plain; a particularly large and flat erosion surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediplain" title="Pediplain">Pediplain</a> – Extensive plain formed by the coalescence of pediments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peneplain" title="Peneplain">Peneplain</a> – Low-relief plain formed by protracted erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">Plain</a> – Expanse of land that is mostly flat and treeless</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planation_surface" title="Planation surface">Planation surface</a> – Large-scale land surface that is almost flat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">Plateau</a> – Highland area, usually of relatively flat terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polje" title="Polje">Polje</a> – Type of large plain found in karst regions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_beach" title="Raised beach">Raised beach</a>, also known as Marine terrace – Emergent coastal landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">River delta</a> – Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">Salt marsh</a> – Coastal ecosystem between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_pan_(geology)" title="Salt pan (geology)">Salt pan</a> – Flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outwash_plain" title="Outwash plain">Sandur</a> – Plain formed from glacier sediment transported by meltwater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandflat" title="Strandflat">Strandflat</a> – Type of landform found in high-latitude areas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strath" title="Strath">Strath</a> – Large valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">Swamp</a> – A forested wetland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_(landform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Table (landform)">Table</a> – Raised landform with a flat top<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_marsh" title="Tidal marsh">Tidal marsh</a> – Marsh subject to tidal change in water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepui" title="Tepui">Tepui</a> – Table-top mountain or mesa in the Guiana Highlands of South America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_plateau" title="Volcanic plateau">Volcanic plateau</a> – Plateau produced by volcanic activity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave-cut_platform" title="Wave-cut platform">Wave-cut platform</a> – Narrow flat area created by erosion</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landforms,_alphabetic"><span id="Landforms.2C_alphabetic"></span>Landforms, alphabetic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Landforms, alphabetic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C3%AEme" title="Abîme">Abîme</a> – Geographical term referring to vertical shaft in caves</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyssal_fan" title="Abyssal fan">Abyssal fan</a> – Underwater geological structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyssal_plain" title="Abyssal plain">Abyssal plain</a> – Flat area on the deep ocean floor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ait" title="Ait">Ait</a> – Islands found on the River Thames and its tributaries in England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alluvial_fan" title="Alluvial fan">Alluvial fan</a> – Fan-shaped deposit of sediment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabranch" title="Anabranch">Anabranch</a> – A section of a river or stream that diverts from the main channel and rejoins it downstream.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_arch" title="Natural arch">Arch</a> – Arch-shaped natural rock formation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">Archipelago</a> – Collection of islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%AAte" title="Arête">Arête</a> – Narrow ridge of rock which separates two valleys</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_(watercourse)" title="Arroyo (watercourse)">Arroyo</a> – Dry watercourse with flow after rain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">Atoll</a> – Ring-shaped coral reef</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayre_(landform)" title="Ayre (landform)">Ayre</a> – Shingle beaches in Orkney and Shetland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badlands" title="Badlands">Badlands</a> – Type of heavily eroded terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajada_(geography)" title="Bajada (geography)">Bajada</a> – compound Alluvial fan<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">Bar</a> – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barchan" title="Barchan">Barchan</a> – Crescent-shaped dune</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">Barrier bar</a> – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_island" title="Barrier island">Barrier island</a> – Coastal dune landform that forms by wave and tidal action parallel to the mainland coast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay" title="Bay">Bay</a> – Recessed, coastal body of water connected to an ocean or lake</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baymouth_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Baymouth bar">Baymouth bar</a> – low and narrow strip of alluvial land made from sand or pebbles<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayou" title="Bayou">Bayou</a> – Body of water in flat, low-lying areas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">Beach</a> – Area of loose particles at the edge of the sea or other body of water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_cusps" title="Beach cusps">Beach cusps</a> – Shoreline formations made up of various grades of sediment in an arc pattern</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_ridge" title="Beach ridge">Beach ridge</a> – Wave-swept or wave-deposited ridge running parallel to a shoreline</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_(geology)" title="Bench (geology)">Bench</a> – Long, relatively narrow land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bight_(geography)" title="Bight (geography)">Bight</a> – Shallowly concave bend or curve in a coastline, river, or other geographical feature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blowhole_(geology)" title="Blowhole (geology)">Blowhole</a> – Hole at the top of a sea-cave which allows waves to force water or spray out of the hole</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blowout_(geomorphology)" title="Blowout (geomorphology)">Blowout</a> – Depressions in a sand dune ecosystem caused by the removal of sediments by wind</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">Bluff</a> – Tall, near vertical rock face</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornhardt" title="Bornhardt">Bornhardt</a> – A large dome-shaped, steep-sided, bald rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braided_river" title="Braided river">Braided channel</a> – Network of river channels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butte" title="Butte">Butte</a> – Isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calanque" title="Calanque">Calanque</a> – Narrow inlet on the Mediterranean coast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">Caldera</a> – Cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the emptying of a magma chamber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">Canyon</a> – Deep chasm between cliffs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_(geography)" title="Cape (geography)">Cape</a> – Large headland extending into a body of water, usually the sea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolina bay">Carolina bay</a> – Elliptical depressions concentrated along the Atlantic seaboard of North America<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a> – Natural void under the Earth's surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenote" title="Cenote">Cenote</a> – Natural pit or sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">Channel</a> – Narrow body of water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirque" title="Cirque">Cirque</a> – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirque" title="Cirque">Corrie</a> – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion or cwm</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">Cliff</a> – Tall, near vertical rock face</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">Coast</a> – Area where land meets the sea or ocean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_plain" title="Coastal plain">Coastal plain</a> – Area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a seacoast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col" title="Col">Col</a> – Lowest point on a mountain ridge between two peaks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_crater" title="Complex crater">Complex crater</a> – Large impact craters with uplifted centres</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_volcano" title="Complex volcano">Complex volcano</a> – Landform of more than one related volcanic centre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">Confluence</a> – Meeting of two or more bodies of flowing water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">Continental shelf</a> – Coastal and oceanic landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral reef</a> – Outcrop of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cove" title="Cove">Cove</a> – Small sheltered bay or coastal inlet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cove_(Appalachian_Mountains)" title="Cove (Appalachian Mountains)">Cove (mountain)</a> – Small valley in the Appalachian Mountains between two ridge lines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crater" title="Crater">Crater</a> – Depression caused by an impact or geologic activity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crevasse_splay" title="Crevasse splay">Crevasse splay</a> – Sediment deposited on a floodplain by a stream which breaks its levees</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crevasse" title="Crevasse">Crevasse</a> – A deep crack, or fracture, in an ice sheet or glacier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryovolcano" title="Cryovolcano">Cryovolcano</a> – Type of volcano that erupts volatiles such as water, ammonia or methane, instead of molten rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuesta" title="Cuesta">Cuesta</a> – Hill or ridge with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuspate_foreland" title="Cuspate foreland">Cuspate foreland</a> – Geographical features found on coastlines and lakeshores</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_bank" title="Cut bank">Cut bank</a> – Outside bank of a water channel, which is continually undergoing erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Dale</a> – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defile_(geography)" title="Defile (geography)">Defile</a> – Narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_(landform)" title="Dell (landform)">Dell</a> – Small secluded hollow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depression_(geology)" title="Depression (geology)">Depression</a> – Landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">Delta, River</a> – Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_pavement" title="Desert pavement">Desert pavement</a> – Type of desert earth surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatreme" title="Diatreme">Diatreme</a> – Volcanic pipe associated with a gaseous explosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">Dike</a> – A sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirt_cone" title="Dirt cone">Dirt cone</a> – Depositional glacial feature of ice or snow with an insulating layer of dirt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissected_plateau" title="Dissected plateau">Dissected plateau</a> – Plateaus area that has been severely eroded so that the relief is sharp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">Doab</a> – Land between two converging, or confluent, rivers, mainly in the Punjab</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">Doline</a> – Geologically-formed topological depression</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_(geology)" title="Dome (geology)">Dome</a> – Geological deformation structure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Drainage basin</a> – Land area where water converges to a common outlet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_divide" title="Drainage divide">Drainage divide</a> – Elevated terrain that separates neighbouring drainage basins</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_(terrain)" title="Draw (terrain)">Draw</a> – Terrain feature formed by two parallel ridges or spurs with low ground in between</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumlin" title="Drumlin">Drumlin</a> – Elongated hill formed by glacial action</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_lake" title="Dry lake">Dry lake</a> – Area that contained a standing surface water body</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">Dune</a> – Hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes or the flow of water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">Dune system</a> – Hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes or the flow of water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejecta_blanket" title="Ejecta blanket">Ejecta blanket</a> – Symmetrical apron of ejecta that surrounds an impact crater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">Endorheic basin</a> – Closed drainage basin that has no outflow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erg_(landform)" title="Erg (landform)">Erg</a> – Broad area of desert covered with wind-swept sand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escarpment" title="Escarpment">Escarpment</a> – Steep slope or cliff separating two relatively level regions (scarp)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esker" title="Esker">Esker</a> – Long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel associated with former glaciers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">Estuary</a> – Partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhumed_river_channel" title="Exhumed river channel">Exhumed river channel</a> – Ridge of sandstone that remains when the softer flood plain mudstone is eroded away</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truncated_spur" title="Truncated spur">Faceted spur</a> – Ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fault_scarp" title="Fault scarp">Fault scarp</a> – Small vertical offset on the ground surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firth" title="Firth">Firth</a> – Scottish word used for various coastal inlets and straits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fissure_vent" title="Fissure vent">Fissure vent</a> – Linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjard" title="Fjard">Fjard</a> – Glacially formed, broad, shallow inlet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">Fjord</a> – Long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_(landform)" title="Flat (landform)">Flat</a> – Relatively level surface of land within a region of greater relief</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatiron_(geomorphology)" title="Flatiron (geomorphology)">Flatiron</a> – Steeply sloping triangular landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">Floodplain</a> – Land adjacent to a water body which is flooded during periods of high water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foothills" title="Foothills">Foothills</a> – Hills before a mountain range</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_island" title="River island">Fluvial island</a> – Exposed landmass within a river</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvial_terrace" title="Fluvial terrace">Fluvial terrace</a> – Elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foiba" title="Foiba">Foiba</a> – Type of deep natural sinkhole</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo_(landform)" title="Geo (landform)">Geo</a> – Inlet, a gully or a narrow and deep cleft in the face of a cliff</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyser" title="Geyser">Geyser</a> – Natural explosive eruption of hot water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramidal_peak" title="Pyramidal peak">Glacial horn</a> – Angular, sharply pointed mountainous peak</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_cave" title="Glacier cave">Glacier cave</a> – Cave formed within the ice of a glacier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_foreland" title="Glacier foreland">Glacier foreland</a> – The region between the current leading edge of the glacier and the moraines of latest maximum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">Glacier</a> – Persistent body of ice that moves downhill under its own weight</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Roy" title="Glen Roy">Parallel Roads of Glen Roy</a> – Nature reserve in the Highlands of Scotland with ancient shoreline terraces</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen" title="Glen">Glen</a> – Name for valley commonly used in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">Gorge</a> – Deep chasm between cliffs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graben" title="Graben">Graben</a> – Depressed block of planetary crust bordered by parallel normal faults</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulch" title="Gulch">Gulch</a> – Deep V-shaped valley formed by erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gulfs" title="List of gulfs">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gully" title="Gully">Gully</a> – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyot" title="Guyot">Guyot</a> – Isolated, flat-topped underwater volcano mountain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanging_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanging valley">Hanging valley</a> – A tributary valley that meets the main valley above the valley floor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headland" title="Headland">Headland</a> – Landform extending into a body of water, often with significant height and drop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland" title="Highland">Highland</a> – Area of high elevation such as a mountainous region or elevated mountainous plateau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill" title="Hill">Hill</a> – Landform that extends above the surrounding terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillock" title="Hillock">Hillock</a> – Small hill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogback_(geology)" title="Hogback (geology)">Hogback</a> – Long, narrow ridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homoclinal_ridge" title="Homoclinal ridge">Homoclinal ridge</a> – Ridge with a moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(geology)" title="Hoodoo (geology)">Hoodoo</a> – Tall, thin spire of relatively soft rock usually topped by harder rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_(geology)" title="Horst (geology)">Horst</a> – Raised fault block bounded by normal faults</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_crater" title="Impact crater">Impact crater</a> – Circular depression in a solid astronomical body formed by the impact of a smaller object</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inlet" title="Inlet">Inlet</a> – Indentation of a shoreline</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">Interfluve</a> – Land between two converging, or confluent, rivers, mainly in the Punjab</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_relief" title="Inverted relief">Inverted relief</a> – Landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a> – Piece of subcontinental land completely surrounded by water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islet" title="Islet">Islet</a> – Very small island</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus" title="Isthmus">Isthmus</a> – Narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kame_delta" title="Kame delta">Kame delta</a> – Glacial melt water landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kame" title="Kame">Kame</a> – Mound formed on a retreating glacier and deposited on land</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">Karst</a> – Topography from dissolved soluble rocks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst_fenster" class="mw-redirect" title="Karst fenster">Karst fenster</a> – Unroofed portion of a cavern which reveals part of a subterranean river<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">Karst valley</a> – Topography from dissolved soluble rocks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettle_(landform)" title="Kettle (landform)">Kettle</a> – Depression or hole in an outwash plain formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%ABpuka" title="Kīpuka">Kīpuka</a> – Area of land surrounded by one or more younger lava flows</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillock" title="Hillock">Knoll</a> – Small hill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacustrine_plain" title="Lacustrine plain">Lacustrine plain</a> – Lakes filled by sediment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">Lagoon</a> – Shallow body of water separated from a larger one by a narrow landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">Lake</a> – Large inland body of relatively still water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_dome" title="Lava dome">Lava dome</a> – Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">Lava</a> – Molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_lake" title="Lava lake">Lava lake</a> – Molten lava contained in a volcanic crater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_field" title="Lava field">Lava field</a>, also known as lava plain – Large, mostly flat area of lava flows</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_spine" title="Lava spine">Lava spine</a> – Vertical growth of solid volcanic lava</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_tube" title="Lava tube">Lava tube</a> – Natural conduit through which lava flows beneath the solid surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavaka" title="Lavaka">Lavaka</a> – Type of gully, formed via groundwater sapping</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levee</a> – Ridge or wall to hold back water, natural</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone_pavement" title="Limestone pavement">Limestone pavement</a> – Natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">Loess</a> – Sediment of accumulated wind-blown dust</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(geology)" title="Terrace (geology)">Lacustrine terraces</a> – A step-like landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maar" title="Maar">Maar</a> – Low-relief volcanic crater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machair" title="Machair">Machair</a> – Fertile low-lying grassy plain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpa%C3%ADs_(landform)" title="Malpaís (landform)">Malpaís</a> – Rough and barren landscape of relict and largely uneroded lava fields</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamelon_(volcanology)" title="Mamelon (volcanology)">Mamelon</a> – Rock formation created by eruption of relatively thick or stiff lava through a narrow vent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_beach" title="Raised beach">Marine terrace</a> – Emergent coastal landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">Marsh</a> – Low-lying and seasonally waterlogged land</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massif" title="Massif">Massif</a> – The principal mass of a mountain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander" title="Meander">Meander</a> – One of a series of curves in a channel of a matured stream</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa" title="Mesa">Mesa</a> – Elevated area of land with a flat top and sides, usually much wider than buttes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge" title="Mid-ocean ridge">Mid-ocean ridge</a> – Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogote" title="Mogote">Mogote</a> – Steep-sided residual hill of limestone, marble, or dolomite on a flat plain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inselberg" title="Inselberg">Monadnock</a> – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">Moraine</a> – Glacially formed accumulation of debris</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulin_(geomorphology)" title="Moulin (geomorphology)">Moulin</a> – Shaft within a glacier or ice sheet which water enters from the surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">Mountain</a> – Large natural elevation of the Earth's surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_pass" title="Mountain pass">Mountain pass</a> – Route through a mountain range or over a ridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">Mountain range</a> – Geographic area containing several geologically related mountains</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud_volcano" title="Mud volcano">Mud volcano</a> – Landform created by the eruption of mud or slurries, water and gases</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_rock" title="Mushroom rock">Mushroom rock</a> – Naturally occurring rock whose shape resembles a mushroom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_arch" title="Natural arch">Natural arch</a> – Arch-shaped natural rock formation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunatak" title="Nunatak">Nunatak</a> – Landform within an ice field or glacier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">Oasis</a> – Fertile area in a desert environment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_basin" title="Oceanic basin">Oceanic basin</a> – Geologic basin under the sea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_plateau" title="Oceanic plateau">Oceanic plateau</a> – Relatively flat submarine region that rises well above the level of the ambient seabed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanic ridge">Oceanic ridge</a> – An underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_trench" title="Oceanic trench">Oceanic trench</a> – Long and narrow depressions of the sea floor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outwash_fan" title="Outwash fan">Outwash fan</a> – Type of sediment deposition by a melting glacier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outwash_plain" title="Outwash plain">Outwash plain</a> – Plain formed from glacier sediment transported by meltwater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxbow_lake" title="Oxbow lake">Oxbow lake</a> – U-shaped lake or pool left by an ancient river meander</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paleoplain" class="extiw" title="wikt:paleoplain">Paleoplain - A buried erosion plain; a particularly large and flat erosion surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhole" title="Panhole">Panhole</a> – Depression or basin eroded into flat or gently sloping cohesive rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediment_(geology)" title="Pediment (geology)">Pediment</a> – Very gently sloping inclined bedrock surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediplain" title="Pediplain">Pediplain</a> – Extensive plain formed by the coalescence of pediments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peneplain" title="Peneplain">Peneplain</a> – Low-relief plain formed by protracted erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">Peninsula</a> – Landform surrounded more than half but not entirely by water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingo" title="Pingo">Pingo</a> – Mound of earth-covered ice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_crater" title="Pit crater">Pit crater</a> – Depression formed by a sinking or collapse of the surface lying above a void or empty chamber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">Plain</a> – Expanse of land that is mostly flat and treeless</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">Plateau</a> – Highland area, usually of relatively flat terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Playa lake">Playa lake</a> – Area that contained a standing surface water body<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunge_pool" title="Plunge pool">Plunge pool</a> – Depression at the base of a waterfall</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_bar" title="Point bar">Point bar</a> – Landform related to streams and rivers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polje" title="Polje">Polje</a> – Type of large plain found in karst regions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">Pond</a> – Relatively small body of standing water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothole_(landform)" title="Pothole (landform)">Pothole</a> – Natural bowl-shaped hollow carved into a streambed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potrero_(landform)" title="Potrero (landform)">Potrero</a> – Long mesa that at one end slopes upward to higher terrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proglacial_lake" title="Proglacial lake">Proglacial lake</a> – Lake formed by the action of ice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudocrater" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudocrater">Pseudocrater</a> – Volcanic landform<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull-apart_basin" title="Pull-apart basin">Pull-apart basin</a> – Type of basin in geology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarry</a> – A place from which a geological material has been excavated from the ground</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_beach" title="Raised beach">Raised beach</a> – Emergent coastal landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapids" title="Rapids">Rapids</a> – River section with increased velocity and turbulence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravine" title="Ravine">Ravine</a> – Small valley, often due to stream erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ria" title="Ria">Ria</a> – Coastal inlet formed by the partial submergence of an unglaciated river valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge" title="Ridge">Ridge</a> – Long, narrow, elevated landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riffle" title="Riffle">Riffle</a> – Shallow landform in a flowing channel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rift_valley" title="Rift valley">Rift valley</a> – Linear lowland created by a tectonic rift or fault</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River" title="River">River</a> – Natural flowing freshwater stream</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">River delta</a> – Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_island" title="River island">River island</a> – Exposed landmass within a river</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B4che_moutonn%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Rôche moutonnée">Rôche moutonnée</a> – Rock formation created by the passing of a glacier<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogen_moraine" title="Rogen moraine">Rogen moraine</a> – Landform of ridges deposited by a glacier or ice sheet transverse to ice flow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_formations" title="List of rock formations">Rock formations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> – Shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_basin" title="Rock-cut basin">Rock-cut basin</a> – Cylindrical depression cut into stream or river beds</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_(landform)" title="Saddle (landform)">Saddle</a> – Land connecting two high points</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">Salt marsh</a> – Coastal ecosystem between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_pan_(geology)" title="Salt pan (geology)">Salt pan</a> – Flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals (salt flat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_boil" title="Sand boil">Sand boil</a>, also known as sand volcano – Cone formed by the ejection of sand on a surface from a central point</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhill" title="Sandhill">Sandhill</a> – Type of ecological community or xeric wildfire-maintained ecosystem</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outwash_plain" title="Outwash plain">Sandur</a> – Plain formed from glacier sediment transported by meltwater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scowle" title="Scowle">Scowle</a> – Type of landscape feature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scree" title="Scree">Scree</a> – Broken rock fragments at base of cliff</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cave" title="Sea cave">Sea cave</a> – Cave formed by the wave action of the sea and located along present or former coastlines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamount" title="Seamount">Seamount</a> – Mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">Shield volcano</a> – Low-profile volcano usually formed almost entirely of fluid lava flows</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">Shoal</a> – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shore" class="mw-redirect" title="Shore">Shore</a> – Area where land meets the sea or ocean<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shut-in_(river)" title="Shut-in (river)">Shut-in</a> – Type of rock formation found in Ozarks streams</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_valley" title="Side valley">Side valley</a> – Valley with a tributary to a larger river</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">Sinkhole</a> – Geologically-formed topological depression</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_(geography)" title="Sound (geography)">Sound</a> – A long, relatively wide body of water, connecting two larger bodies of water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spit_(landform)" title="Spit (landform)">Spit</a> – Coastal bar or beach landform deposited by longshore drift</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrosphere)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring (hydrosphere)">Spring</a> – A point at which water emenges from an aquifer to the surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stack_(geology)" title="Stack (geology)">Stack</a> – Geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock and stump</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">Strait</a> – Naturally formed, narrow, typically navigable waterway that connects two larger bodies of water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandflat" title="Strandflat">Strandflat</a> – Type of landform found in high-latitude areas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strath" title="Strath">Strath</a> – Large valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">Stratovolcano</a> – Type of conical volcano composed of layers of lava and tephra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_pool" title="Stream pool">Stream pool</a> – Deep and slow-moving stretch of a watercourse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">Stream</a> – Body of surface water flowing down a channel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homoclinal_ridge" title="Homoclinal ridge">Strike ridge</a> – Ridge with a moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_(geology)" title="Bench (geology)">Structural bench</a> – Long, relatively narrow land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(geology)" title="Terrace (geology)">Structural terrace</a> – A step-like landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subglacial_mound" title="Subglacial mound">Subglacial mound</a> – Volcano formed when lava erupts beneath a thick glacier or ice sheet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_canyon" title="Submarine canyon">Submarine canyon</a> – Steep-sided valley cut into the seabed of the continental slope</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_volcano" title="Submarine volcano">Submarine volcano</a> – Underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Summit</a> – Point on a surface with a higher elevation than all immediately adjacent points</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">Supervolcano</a> – Volcano that has had an eruption with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 8</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surge_channel" title="Surge channel">Surge channel</a> – Type of coastal landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">Swamp</a> – A forested wetland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepui" title="Tepui">Tepui</a> – Table-top mountain or mesa in the Guiana Highlands of South America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(geology)" title="Terrace (geology)">Terrace</a> – A step-like landform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terracette" title="Terracette">Terracette</a> – Small natural step-arranged soil ridges on hillsides</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessellated_pavement" title="Tessellated pavement">Tessellated pavement</a> – Relatively flat rock surface that is subdivided into more or less regular shapes by fractures</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalweg" title="Thalweg">Thalweg</a> – Line of lowest elevation in a watercourse or valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_marsh" title="Tidal marsh">Tidal marsh</a> – Marsh subject to tidal change in water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tide_pool" title="Tide pool">Tide pool</a> – Rocky pool on a seashore, separated from the sea at low tide, filled with seawater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombolo" title="Tombolo">Tombolo</a> – Deposition landform in which an island is connected to the mainland by a sandy isthmus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_(rock_formation)" title="Tor (rock formation)">Tor</a> – Large, free-standing rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">Tower karst</a> – Topography from dissolved soluble rocks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_island" title="River island">Towhead</a> – Exposed landmass within a river</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trim_line" title="Trim line">Trim line</a> – Clear line on the side of a valley marking the most recent highest extent of the glacier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truncated_spur" title="Truncated spur">Truncated spur</a> – Ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_valley" title="Tunnel valley">Tunnel valley</a> – Glacial-formed geographic feature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turlough_(lake)" title="Turlough (lake)">Turlough</a> – Type of seasonal or periodic lake found in limestone areas of Ireland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuya" title="Tuya">Tuya</a> – Flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-shaped_valley" title="U-shaped valley">U-shaped valley</a> – Valleys formed by glacial scouring</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvala_(landform)" title="Uvala (landform)">Uvala</a> – Toponym for a closed karst depression</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="River valley">Vale</a> – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Valley</a> – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_shoulder" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley shoulder">Valley shoulder</a> – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventifact" title="Ventifact">Ventifact</a> – Rock that has been eroded by wind-driven sand or ice crystals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_arc" title="Volcanic arc">Volcanic arc</a> – Chain of volcanoes formed above a subducting plate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_cone" title="Volcanic cone">Volcanic cone</a> – Landform of ejecta from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">Volcanic crater</a> – Roughly circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater_lake" title="Volcanic crater lake">Volcanic crater lake</a> – Lake formed within a volcanic crater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_dam" title="Volcanic dam">Volcanic dam</a> – Natural dam produced directly or indirectly by volcanism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_field" title="Volcanic field">Volcanic field</a> – Area of Earth's crust prone to localized volcanic activity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_group" title="Volcanic group">Volcanic group</a> – Collection of related volcanoes or volcanic landforms</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_island" class="mw-redirect" title="High island">Volcanic island</a> – Island of volcanic origin<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_plateau" title="Volcanic plateau">Volcanic plateau</a> – Plateau produced by volcanic activity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_plug" title="Volcanic plug">Volcanic plug</a> – Volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_vent" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic vent">Volcanic vent</a> – Rupture in a planet's crust where material escapes<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">Volcano</a> – Rupture in a planet's crust where material escapes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wadi</a> – River valley, especially a dry riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfall" title="Waterfall">Waterfall</a> – A point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Watershed</a> – Land area where water converges to a common outlet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave-cut_platform" title="Wave-cut platform">Wave-cut platform</a> – Narrow flat area created by erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">Wetland</a> – Type of land area that is flooded or saturated with water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardang" title="Yardang">Yardang</a> – Streamlined aeolian landform</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hargitai H., Kereszturi Á. (eds): Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms. Springer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3">https://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geomorphology" title="Geomorphology">Geomorphology</a> – Scientific study of landforms</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_geology" title="Glossary of geology">Glossary of geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_water#Types" title="Body of water">Types of bodies of water</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Earth%27s_landforms" title="Template:Earth's landforms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Earth%27s_landforms" title="Template talk:Earth's landforms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Earth%27s_landforms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Earth's landforms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earth&#039;s_landforms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Landform" title="Landform">landforms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">List of landforms</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountainous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butte" title="Butte">Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_(landform)" title="Flat (landform)">Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill" title="Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">Mountain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">range</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge" title="Ridge">Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tableland" title="Tableland">Tableland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental plain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_sheet" title="Ice sheet">Ice sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">Steppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">Tundra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fluvial_sediment_processes" title="Fluvial sediment processes">Fluvial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alluvial_fan" title="Alluvial fan">Alluvial fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">Floodplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">Lake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_island" title="Lake island">island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander" title="Meander">Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">Oasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapids" title="Rapids">Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River" title="River">River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">mouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfall" title="Waterfall">Waterfall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glacial_landform" title="Glacial landform">Glacial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%AAte" title="Arête">Arête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirque" title="Cirque">Cirque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esker" title="Esker">Esker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">Fjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_field" title="Ice field">Ice field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_valley" title="Tunnel valley">Tunnel valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_geography" title="Coastal geography">Oceanic and<br /> coastal landforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay" title="Bay">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_(geography)" title="Cape (geography)">Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">Continental shelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">Estuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus" title="Isthmus">Isthmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge" title="Mid-ocean ridge">Mid-ocean ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_trench" title="Oceanic trench">Oceanic trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamount" title="Seamount">Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">Volcanic island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volcanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">Caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyser" title="Geyser">Geyser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyot" title="Guyot">Guyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_dome" title="Lava dome">Lava dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_field" title="Lava field">Lava field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_volcano" title="Submarine volcano">Submarine volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">Volcanic crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater_lake" title="Volcanic crater lake">Volcanic crater lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_dam" title="Volcanic dam">Volcanic dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">Volcanic island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_plateau" title="Volcanic plateau">Volcanic plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_plug" title="Volcanic plug">Volcanic plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_rock" title="Wall rock">Wall rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_processes" title="Aeolian processes">Aeolian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_lake" title="Dry lake">Dry lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">Dune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhill" title="Sandhill">Sandhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">Tundra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artificial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_island" title="Artificial island">Artificial island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_reef" title="Artificial reef">Artificial reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditch" title="Ditch">Ditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">Land reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polder" title="Polder">Polder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geographical_feature" title="Geographical feature">Geographical feature</a></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&oldid=1259270629">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_landforms&oldid=1259270629</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms" title="Category:Landforms">Landforms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology-related_lists" title="Category:Geology-related 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