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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mission profile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MINERVA_mini-lander" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MINERVA_mini-lander"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>MINERVA mini-lander</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MINERVA_mini-lander-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_and_engineering_importance_of_the_mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_and_engineering_importance_of_the_mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Scientific and engineering importance of the mission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_and_engineering_importance_of_the_mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changes_in_mission_plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes_in_mission_plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Changes in mission plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes_in_mission_plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mission timeline</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mission_timeline-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mission timeline subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mission_timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Up_to_the_launch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Up_to_the_launch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Up to the launch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Up_to_the_launch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cruising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cruising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Cruising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cruising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_proximity_of_Itokawa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_proximity_of_Itokawa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>In proximity of Itokawa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_proximity_of_Itokawa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recovery_and_return_to_Earth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recovery_and_return_to_Earth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Recovery and return to Earth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recovery_and_return_to_Earth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reentry_and_capsule_retrieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reentry_and_capsule_retrieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Reentry and capsule retrieval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reentry_and_capsule_retrieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_study_of_samples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_study_of_samples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Scientific study of samples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Scientific_study_of_samples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Scientific study of samples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Scientific_study_of_samples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Confirmation_of_asteroid_particles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confirmation_of_asteroid_particles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Confirmation of asteroid particles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confirmation_of_asteroid_particles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Hayabusa</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="هايابوسا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هايابوسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hayabusa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_1" title="Hayabusa 1 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hayabusa 1" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajabusa_(sonda)" title="Hajabusa (sonda) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hajabusa (sonda)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_(Raumsonde)" title="Hayabusa (Raumsonde) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hayabusa (Raumsonde)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hayabusa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Χαγιαμπούσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαγιαμπούσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_(sonda_espacial)" title="Hayabusa (sonda espacial) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hayabusa (sonda espacial)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajabusa" title="Hajabusa – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hajabusa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="هایابوسا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هایابوسا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Hayabusa (sonde spatiale) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hayabusa (sonde spatiale)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hayabusa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C20%ED%98%B8_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1_%ED%95%98%EC%95%BC%EB%B6%80%EC%82%AC" title="제20호 과학위성 하야부사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제20호 과학위성 하야부사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hayabusa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonda_Hayabusa" title="Sonda Hayabusa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sonda Hayabusa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%94" title="היאבוסה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היאבוסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Хаябуса – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хаябуса" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hayabusa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_(Raumsond)" title="Hayabusa (Raumsond) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hayabusa (Raumsond)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_(ruimtesonde)" title="Hayabusa (ruimtesonde) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hayabusa (ruimtesonde)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajabusza_(%C5%B1rszonda)" title="Hajabusza (űrszonda) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hajabusza (űrszonda)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hayabusa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_(sonde)" title="Hayabusa (sonde) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hayabusa (sonde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95_(%E6%8E%A2%E6%9F%BB%E6%A9%9F)" title="はやぶさ (探査機) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="はやぶさ (探査機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hayabusa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hayabusa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_(sonda_kosmiczna)" title="Hayabusa (sonda kosmiczna) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hayabusa (sonda kosmiczna)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hayabusa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hayabusa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Хаябуса (космический аппарат) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хаябуса (космический аппарат)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hayabusa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajabusa" title="Hajabusa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hajabusa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_(luotain)" title="Hayabusa (luotain) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hayabusa (luotain)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_(rymdsond)" title="Hayabusa (rymdsond) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hayabusa (rymdsond)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE" title="ஹயபுசா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹயபுசா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hayabusa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Хаябуса – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хаябуса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%BC%E9%B8%9F%E5%8F%B7%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="隼鸟号探测器 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="隼鸟号探测器" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title"><i>Hayabusa</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hayabusa_hover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hayabusa_hover.jpg/300px-Hayabusa_hover.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hayabusa_hover.jpg/450px-Hayabusa_hover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hayabusa_hover.jpg/600px-Hayabusa_hover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="653" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">An artist's rendering of <i>Hayabusa</i> above Itokawa's surface</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data">Muses-C (before launch)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sample_return" class="mw-redirect" title="Sample return">sample return</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-019A">2003-019A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275444#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">27809</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">7 years, 1 month and 4 days</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">510 kg<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dry mass</th><td class="infobox-data">380 kg (840 lb)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">04:29:25, 9 May 2003 (UTC)<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2003-05-09T04:29:25Z</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">M-V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Uchinoura_Space_Center" title="Uchinoura Space Center">Uchinoura Space Center</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disposal</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>sample return capsule</b>: recovered<br /><b>spacecraft</b>: ballistic reentry<br /><b>Minerva and rover</b>: lost contact</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last contact</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Minerva</b>: 12 November 2005</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recovery date</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>sample capsule</b>: 07:08, 14 June 2010</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decay date</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>spacecraft</b>: 13 June 2010</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>sample capsule</b>: 13 June 2010<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2010-06-13</span>)</span> 14:12 UT<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing site</th><td class="infobox-data">near <a href="/wiki/Woomera,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Woomera, Australia">Woomera, Australia</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Flyby of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closest approach</th><td class="infobox-data">06:23, 19 May 2004</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distance</th><td class="infobox-data">3,725 km (2,315 mi)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Rendezvous with <span data-sort-value="7004251430000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><a href="/wiki/25143_Itokawa" title="25143 Itokawa">(25143) Itokawa</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Arrival date</th><td class="infobox-data">12 September 2005, 1:17 UTC<sup id="cite_ref-arrival_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arrival-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Departure date</th><td class="infobox-data">December 2005</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><span data-sort-value="7004251430000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><a href="/wiki/25143_Itokawa" title="25143 Itokawa">(25143) Itokawa</a> lander</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">19 November 2005, 21:30 UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Return launch</th><td class="infobox-data">19 November 2005, 21:58 UTC</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><span data-sort-value="7004251430000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><a href="/wiki/25143_Itokawa" title="25143 Itokawa">(25143) Itokawa</a> lander</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">25 November 2005</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sample mass</th><td class="infobox-data"><1g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:95%"><span style="font-size:105%;">Instruments</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">AMICA</th><td class="infobox-data">Asteroid Multiband Imaging Camera</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">LIDAR</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/LIDAR" class="mw-redirect" title="LIDAR">Light Detection and Ranging Instrument</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">NIRS</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Near-infrared_spectroscopy" title="Near-infrared spectroscopy">Near-Infrared Spectrometer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">XRS</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/X-ray_spectroscopy" title="X-ray spectroscopy">X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Hayabusa</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">はやぶさ</span>, "<a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">Peregrine falcon</a>")</span> was a <a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">robotic spacecraft</a> developed by the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency</a> (JAXA) to <a href="/wiki/Sample_return_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Sample return mission">return a sample of material</a> from a small <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_asteroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-Earth asteroid">near-Earth asteroid</a> named <a href="/wiki/25143_Itokawa" title="25143 Itokawa">25143 Itokawa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> for further analysis. <i>Hayabusa</i>, formerly known as <b>MUSES-C</b> for <b>Mu Space Engineering Spacecraft C</b>, was launched on 9 May 2003 and <a href="/wiki/Space_rendezvous" title="Space rendezvous">rendezvoused</a> with Itokawa in mid-September 2005. After arriving at Itokawa, <i>Hayabusa</i> studied the asteroid's shape, spin, topography, color, composition, density, and history. In November 2005, it landed on the asteroid and collected samples in the form of tiny grains of asteroidal material, which were returned to Earth aboard the spacecraft on 13 June 2010. </p><p>The spacecraft also carried a detachable minilander, <i><a href="/wiki/MINERVA_(spacecraft)" title="MINERVA (spacecraft)">MINERVA</a></i>, which failed to reach the surface. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_firsts">Mission firsts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission firsts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D._Moura_and_J._Kawaguchi_IAC_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/D._Moura_and_J._Kawaguchi_IAC_2010.jpg/220px-D._Moura_and_J._Kawaguchi_IAC_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/D._Moura_and_J._Kawaguchi_IAC_2010.jpg/330px-D._Moura_and_J._Kawaguchi_IAC_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/D._Moura_and_J._Kawaguchi_IAC_2010.jpg/440px-D._Moura_and_J._Kawaguchi_IAC_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="1683" /></a><figcaption>Denis J. P. Moura (left) and Junichiro Kawaguchi (right) at the 2010 <a href="/wiki/International_Astronautical_Congress" title="International Astronautical Congress">International Astronautical Congress</a> (IAC)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Galileo (spacecraft)">Galileo</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></i> spacecraft had visited asteroids before, but the <i>Hayabusa</i> mission was the first one to return an asteroid sample to <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> for analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, <i>Hayabusa</i> was the first spacecraft designed to deliberately land on an asteroid and then take off again (<i>NEAR Shoemaker</i> made a controlled descent to the surface of <a href="/wiki/433_Eros" title="433 Eros">433 Eros</a> in 2000, but it was not designed as a lander and was eventually deactivated after it arrived). Technically, <i>Hayabusa</i> was not designed to "land"; it simply touches the surface with its sample capturing device and then moves away. However, it was the first craft designed from the outset to make physical contact with the surface of an asteroid. Junichiro Kawaguchi of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">Institute of Space and Astronautical Science</a> was appointed to be the leader of the mission.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite its designer's intention for momentary contact, <i>Hayabusa</i> landed and sat on the asteroid surface for about 30 minutes (see <a href="#In_proximity_of_Itokawa">below</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_profile">Mission profile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mission profile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hayabusa" title="Special:EditPage/Hayabusa">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hayabusa%22">"Hayabusa"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hayabusa%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hayabusa%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hayabusa%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hayabusa%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hayabusa%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i>Hayabusa</i> spacecraft was launched on 9 May 2003 at 04:29:25 UTC on an <a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">M-V</a> rocket from the <a href="/wiki/Uchinoura_Space_Center" title="Uchinoura Space Center">Uchinoura Space Center</a> (still called <a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kagoshima Space Center">Kagoshima Space Center</a> at that time). Following launch, the spacecraft's name was changed from the original MUSES-C to <i>Hayabusa</i>, the Japanese word for <a href="/wiki/Falcon" title="Falcon">falcon</a>. The spacecraft's xenon <a href="/wiki/Ion_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion engine">ion engines</a> (four separate units), operating near-continuously for two years, slowly moved <i>Hayabusa</i> toward a September 2005 rendezvous with Itokawa. As it arrived, the spacecraft did not go into orbit around the asteroid, but remained in a station-keeping <a href="/wiki/Heliocentric_orbit" title="Heliocentric orbit">heliocentric orbit</a> close by. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hayabusa_IAC_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Hayabusa_IAC_2010.jpg/220px-Hayabusa_IAC_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Hayabusa_IAC_2010.jpg/330px-Hayabusa_IAC_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Hayabusa_IAC_2010.jpg/440px-Hayabusa_IAC_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The half-scale model of <i>Hayabusa</i> at the IAC in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Hayabusa</i> surveyed the asteroid surface from a distance of about 20 km (13.7 mi), the "gate position". After this the spacecraft moved closer to the surface (the "home position"), and then approached the asteroid for a series of soft landings and for the collection of samples at a safe site. <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_robot" title="Autonomous robot">Autonomous</a> optical navigation was employed extensively during this period because the long communication delay prohibits Earth-based real-time commanding. At the second <i>Hayabusa</i> touched down with its deployable collection horn, the spacecraft was programmed to fire tiny projectiles at the surface and then collect the resulting spray. Some tiny specks were collected by the spacecraft for analysis back on Earth. </p><p>After a few months in proximity to the asteroid, the spacecraft was scheduled to fire its engines to begin its cruise back to Earth. This maneuver was delayed due to problems with <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_attitude_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacecraft attitude control">attitude control</a> (orientation) and the thrusters of the craft. Once it was on its return trajectory, the re-entry capsule was released from the main spacecraft three hours before reentry, and the capsule coasted on a ballistic trajectory, re-entering the Earth's atmosphere at 13:51, 13 June 2010 UTC. It is estimated that the capsule experienced peak deceleration of about 25 G and heating rates approximately 30 times those experienced by the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo spacecraft">Apollo spacecraft</a>. It landed via parachute near <a href="/wiki/Woomera,_South_Australia" title="Woomera, South Australia">Woomera</a>, Australia. </p><p>In relation to the mission profile, JAXA defined the following success criteria and corresponding scores for major milestones in the mission prior to the launch of the <i>Hayabusa</i> spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As it shows, the <i>Hayabusa</i> spacecraft is a platform for testing new technology and the primary objective of the <i>Hayabusa</i> project is the world's first implementation of microwave discharge <a href="/wiki/Ion_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion engine">ion engines</a>. Hence 'operation of ion engines for more than 1000 hours' is an achievement that gives a full score of 100 points, and the rest of the milestones are a series of world's first-time experiments built on it. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg/220px-Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg/330px-Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg/440px-Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2497" data-file-height="1877" /></a><figcaption>The replica of the re-entry capsule exhibited at JAXAi (closed on 28 December 2010)</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Success criteria for <i>Hayabusa</i> </th> <th>Points </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <td>Operation of ion engines </td> <td>50 points </td> <td>Success </td></tr> <tr> <td>Operation of ion engines for more than 1000 hours </td> <td>100 points </td> <td>Success </td></tr> <tr> <td>Earth gravity assist with ion engines </td> <td>150 points </td> <td>Success </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rendezvous with Itokawa with autonomous navigation </td> <td>200 points </td> <td>Success </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scientific observation of Itokawa </td> <td>250 points </td> <td>Success </td></tr> <tr> <td>Touch-down and sample collection </td> <td>275 points </td> <td>Success </td></tr> <tr> <td>Capsule recovered </td> <td>400 points </td> <td>Success </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sample obtained for analysis </td> <td>500 points </td> <td>Success </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="MINERVA_mini-lander">MINERVA mini-lander</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: MINERVA mini-lander"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/MINERVA_(spacecraft)" title="MINERVA (spacecraft)">MINERVA (spacecraft)</a></div> <p><i>Hayabusa</i> carried a tiny mini-<a href="/wiki/Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lander (spacecraft)">lander</a> (weighing only 591 g (20.8 oz), and approximately 10 cm (3.9 in) tall by 12 cm (4.7 in) in diameter) named "<i>MINERVA</i>" (short for <i>MI</i>cro-<i>N</i>ano <i>E</i>xperimental <i>R</i>obot <i>V</i>ehicle for the <i>A</i>steroid). An error during deployment resulted in the craft's failure. </p><p>This solar-powered vehicle was designed to take advantage of Itokawa's very low gravity by using an internal flywheel assembly to hop across the surface of the asteroid, relaying images from its cameras to <i>Hayabusa</i> whenever the two spacecraft were in sight of one another.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MINERVA was deployed on 12 November 2005. The lander release command was sent from Earth, but before the command could arrive, <i>Hayabusa</i>'s altimeter measured its distance from Itokawa to be 44 m (144 ft) and thus started an automatic altitude keeping sequence. As a result, when the MINERVA release command arrived, MINERVA was released while the probe was ascending and at a higher altitude than intended, so that it escaped Itokawa's gravitational pull and tumbled into space.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Had it been successful, MINERVA would have been the first hopping space rover. The Soviet mission <i><a href="/wiki/Phobos_2" title="Phobos 2">Phobos 2</a></i> also encountered a malfunction while attempting to deploy a hopping rover. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_and_engineering_importance_of_the_mission">Scientific and engineering importance of the mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scientific and engineering importance of the mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scientists' understanding of asteroids depends greatly on meteorite samples, but it is very difficult to match up meteorite samples with the exact asteroids from which they came. <i>Hayabusa</i> helped solve this problem by bringing back pristine samples from a specific, well-characterized asteroid. <i>Hayabusa</i> bridged the gap between ground observation data of asteroids and laboratory analysis of meteorite and <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">cosmic dust</a> collections.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also comparing the data from the onboard instruments of the <i>Hayabusa</i> with the data from the <a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker"><i>NEAR Shoemaker</i> mission</a> will put the knowledge on a wider level.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <i>Hayabusa</i> mission has a very deep engineering importance for JAXA, too. It allowed JAXA to further test its technologies in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Ion_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion engine">ion engines</a>, autonomous and optical navigation, deep space communication, and close movement on objects with low gravity among others. Second, since it was the first-ever preplanned soft contact with the surface of an asteroid (the <i>NEAR Shoemaker</i> landing on 433 Eros was not preplanned) it has enormous influence on further asteroid missions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Changes_in_mission_plan">Changes in mission plan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Changes in mission plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Hayabusa</i> mission profile was modified several times, both before and after launch. </p> <ul><li>The spacecraft was originally intended to launch in July 2002 to the asteroid <a href="/wiki/4660_Nereus" title="4660 Nereus">4660 Nereus</a> (the asteroid <a href="/wiki/(10302)_1989_ML" title="(10302) 1989 ML">(10302) 1989 ML</a> was considered as an alternative target). However, a July 2000 failure of Japan's <a href="/wiki/M-5_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="M-5 rocket">M-5 rocket</a> forced a delay in the launch, putting both Nereus and 1989 ML out of reach. As a result, the target asteroid was changed to <a href="/wiki/25143_Itokawa" title="25143 Itokawa"><span class="nowrap">1998 SF<sub>36</sub></span></a>, which was soon thereafter named for Japanese rocket pioneer <a href="/wiki/Hideo_Itokawa" title="Hideo Itokawa">Hideo Itokawa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Hayabusa</i> was to deploy a small rover supplied by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> and developed by <a href="/wiki/JPL" class="mw-redirect" title="JPL">JPL</a>, called Muses-CN, onto the surface of the asteroid, but the rover was canceled by NASA in November 2000 due to budget constraints.</li> <li>In 2002, launch was postponed from December 2002 to May 2003 to recheck the <a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">O-rings</a> of its <a href="/wiki/Reaction_control_system" title="Reaction control system">reaction control system</a> since one of them had been found to be using a different material than specified.<sup id="cite_ref-isasnews20020925_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isasnews20020925-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2003, while <i>Hayabusa</i> was en route to Itokawa, the largest <a href="/wiki/Solar_flare" title="Solar flare">solar flare</a> recorded in history<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> damaged the <a href="/wiki/Solar_cell" title="Solar cell">solar cells</a> aboard the spacecraft. This reduction in electrical power reduced the efficiency of the ion engines, thus delaying the arrival at Itokawa from June to September 2005. Since orbital mechanics dictated that the spacecraft still had to leave the asteroid by November 2005, the amount of time it was able to spend at Itokawa was greatly reduced and the number of landings on the asteroid was reduced from three to two.</li> <li>In 2005, two <a href="/wiki/Reaction_wheel" title="Reaction wheel">reaction wheels</a> that govern the attitude movement of <i>Hayabusa</i> failed; the X-axis wheel failed on 31 July, and the Y-axis on 2 October. After the latter failure, the spacecraft was still able to turn on its X and Y axes with its thrusters. JAXA claimed that since global mapping of Itokawa had been completed, this was not a major problem, but the mission plan was altered. The failed reaction wheels were manufactured by Ithaco Space Systems, Inc, New York, which was later acquired by <a href="/wiki/Goodrich_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodrich Company">Goodrich Company</a>.</li> <li>The 4 November 2005, 'rehearsal' landing on Itokawa failed, and was rescheduled.</li> <li>The original decision to sample two different sites on the asteroid was changed when one of the sites, Woomera Desert, was found to be too rocky for a safe landing.</li> <li>The 12 November 2005, release of the MINERVA miniprobe ended in failure.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_timeline">Mission timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mission timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Up_to_the_launch">Up to the launch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Up to the launch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The asteroid exploration mission by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">Institute of Space and Astronautical Science</a> (ISAS) originated in 1986–1987 when the scientists investigated the feasibility of a sample return mission to <a href="/wiki/1943_Anteros" title="1943 Anteros">Anteros</a> and concluded that the technology was not yet developed.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1987 and 1994, joint ISAS / NASA group studied several missions: an asteroid rendezvous mission later became <a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR</a>, and a comet sample return mission later became <a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, ISAS selected asteroid sample return as an engineering demonstration mission, MUSES-C, and the MUSES-C project started in fiscal year 1996. Asteroid Nereus was the first choice of target, <a href="/wiki/(10302)_1989_ML" title="(10302) 1989 ML">1989 ML</a> was the secondary choice. In early development phase, Nereus was considered out of reach and 1989 ML became the primary target.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A launch failure of <a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">M-V</a> in July 2000 forced MUSES-C's launch to be delayed from July 2002 to November/December, putting both Nereus and 1989 ML out of reach. As a result, the target asteroid was changed to <a href="/wiki/25143_Itokawa" title="25143 Itokawa"><span class="nowrap">1998 SF<sub>36</sub></span></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, launch was postponed from December 2002 to May 2003 to recheck <a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">O-rings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Reaction_control_system" title="Reaction control system">reaction control system</a> since one of it was found using different material than specified.<sup id="cite_ref-isasnews20020925_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isasnews20020925-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 May 2003 04:29:25 UTC, MUSES-C was launched by an M-V rocket, and the probe was named "<i>Hayabusa</i>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cruising">Cruising</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cruising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ion thruster checkout started on 27 May 2003. Full power operation started on 25 June. </p><p>Asteroids are named by their discoverer. ISAS asked <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Near-Earth_Asteroid_Research" title="Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research">LINEAR</a>, the discoverer of <span class="nowrap">1998 SF<sub>36</sub></span>, to offer the name after <a href="/wiki/Hideo_Itokawa" title="Hideo Itokawa">Hideo Itokawa</a>, and on 6 August, <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Circular" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor Planet Circular">Minor Planet Circular</a> reported that the target asteroid <span class="nowrap">1998 SF<sub>36</sub></span> was named <i>Itokawa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2003, ISAS and two other national aerospace agencies in Japan were merged to form <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a>. </p><p>On 31 March 2004, ion thruster operation was stopped to prepare for the Earth swing-by.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Last maneuver operation before swing-by on 12 May.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 May, <i>Hayabusa</i> performed Earth swing-by.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 May, ion thruster operation was started again.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 February 2005, <i>Hayabusa</i> passed aphelion at 1.7 AU.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 July, the X-axis reaction wheel failed. On 14 August, <i>Hayabusa</i>'s first image of Itokawa was released. The picture was taken by the star tracker and shows a point of light, believed to be the asteroid, moving across the starfield.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other images were taken from 22 to 24 August.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 August, <i>Hayabusa</i> was switched over from the <a href="/wiki/Ion_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion engine">ion engines</a> to the bi-propellant thrusters for orbital maneuvering. From 4 September, <i>Hayabusa</i>'s cameras were able to confirm Itokawa's elongated shape.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 11 September, individual hills were discerned on the asteroid.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 September, <i>Hayabusa</i> was 20 km (12 mi) from Itokawa and JAXA scientists announced that <i>Hayabusa</i> had officially "arrived".<sup id="cite_ref-arrival_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arrival-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_proximity_of_Itokawa">In proximity of Itokawa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In proximity of Itokawa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 15 September 2005, a 'color' image of the asteroid was released (which is, however, grey in coloring).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 October, JAXA announced that the spacecraft had successfully moved to its 'Home Position' 7 km from Itokawa. Closeup pictures were released. It was also announced that the spacecraft's second reaction wheel, governing the Y-axis, had failed, and that the craft was now being pointed by its rotation thrusters.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 November, <i>Hayabusa</i> took station 3.0 km from Itokawa. It then began its descent, planned to include delivery of a target marker, and release of the Minerva minilander. The descent went well initially, and navigation images with wide-angle cameras were obtained. However, at 01:50 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> (<span class="nowrap">10:50 am</span> <a href="/wiki/Japan_Standard_Time" title="Japan Standard Time">JST</a>) on 4 November, it was announced that due to a detection of an anomalous signal at the Go/NoGo decision, the descent, including release of Minerva and the target marker had been canceled. The project manager, Junichiro Kawaguchi, explained that the optical navigation system was not tracking the asteroid very well, probably caused by the complex shape of Itokawa. A delay of a few days was required to evaluate the situation and reschedule.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 November, <i>Hayabusa</i> was 7.5 km from Itokawa. On 9 November, <i>Hayabusa</i> performed a descent to <span class="nowrap">70 m</span> to test the landing navigation and the laser altimeter. After that, <i>Hayabusa</i> backed off to a higher position, then descended again to <span class="nowrap">500 m</span> and released one of the target markers into space to test the craft's ability to track it (this was confirmed). From analysis of the closeup images, the Woomera Desert site (Point B) was found to be too rocky to be suitable for landing. The Muses Sea site (Point A) was selected as the landing site, for both first and, if possible, second landings.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 November, <i>Hayabusa</i> closed in to <span class="nowrap">55 m</span> from the asteroid's surface. MINERVA was released but due to an error failed to reach the surface. On 19 November, <i>Hayabusa</i> landed on the asteroid. There was considerable confusion during and after the maneuver about precisely what had happened, because the high-gain antenna of the probe could not be used during final phase of touch-down, as well as the blackout during handover of ground station antenna from <a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep Space Network">DSN</a> to Usuda station. It was initially reported that <i>Hayabusa</i> had stopped at approximately 10 meters from the surface, hovering for 30 minutes for unknown reasons. Ground control sent a command to abort and ascend, and by the time the communication was regained, the probe had moved 100 km away from the asteroid. The probe had entered into a <a href="/wiki/Safe_mode_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Safe mode (spacecraft)">safe mode</a>, slowly spinning to stabilize <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_attitude_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacecraft attitude control">attitude control</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, after regaining control and communication with the probe, the data from the landing attempt were downloaded and analyzed, and on 23 November, JAXA announced that the probe had indeed landed on the asteroid's surface.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unfortunately, the sampling sequence was not triggered since a sensor detected an obstacle during descent; the probe tried to abort the landing, but since its orientation was not appropriate for ascent, it chose instead a safe descent mode. This mode did not permit a sample to be taken, but there is a high probability that some dust may have whirled up into the sampling horn when it touched the asteroid, so the sample canister attached to the sampling horn was sealed. </p><p>On 25 November, a second touchdown attempt was performed. It was initially thought that this time, the sampling device was activated;<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, later analysis decided that this was probably another failure and that no pellets were fired.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to a leak in the thruster system, the probe was put in a "safe hold mode".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 November, the probe experienced a power outage when trying to reorient the spacecraft, probably due to a fuel leakage. On 30 November, JAXA announced that control and communication with <i>Hayabusa</i> had been restored, but a problem remained with the craft's <a href="/wiki/Reaction_control_system" title="Reaction control system">reaction control system</a>, perhaps involving a frozen pipe. Mission control was working to resolve the problem before the craft's upcoming <a href="/wiki/Launch_window" title="Launch window">launch window</a> for return to Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 December, an attitude (orientation) correction was attempted, but the thruster did not generate enough force. On 3 December, the probe's Z-axis was found to be 20 to 30 degrees from the Sun direction and increasing. On 4 December, as an emergency measure, xenon propellant from the ion engines was blown to correct the spin, and it was confirmed successful. On 5 December, <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_attitude_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacecraft attitude control">attitude control</a> was corrected enough to regain communication through the medium gain antenna. Telemetry was obtained and analyzed. As the result of telemetry analysis, it was found that there was a strong possibility that the sampler projectile had not penetrated when it landed on 25 November. Due to the power outage, the <a href="/wiki/Telemetry" title="Telemetry">telemetry</a> log data was faulty. On 6 December, <i>Hayabusa</i> was 550 km from Itokawa. JAXA held a press conference about the situation so far.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 December, a sudden orientation change was observed, and communication with <i>Hayabusa</i> was lost. It was thought likely that the turbulence was caused by evaporation of 8 or 10<a href="/wiki/Cubic_metre#Multiples_and_submultiples" title="Cubic metre">cc</a> of leaked fuel. This forced a wait of a month or two for <i>Hayabusa</i> to stabilize by conversion of <a href="/wiki/Precession" title="Precession">precession</a> to pure rotation, after which the rotation axis needed to be directed toward the Sun and Earth within a specific angular range. The probability of achieving this was estimated at 60% by December 2006, 70% by spring 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recovery_and_return_to_Earth">Recovery and return to Earth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Recovery and return to Earth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_Hayabusa_trajectory_returning_from_Itokawa_to_Earth.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Animation_of_Hayabusa_trajectory_returning_from_Itokawa_to_Earth.gif/220px-Animation_of_Hayabusa_trajectory_returning_from_Itokawa_to_Earth.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Animation_of_Hayabusa_trajectory_returning_from_Itokawa_to_Earth.gif/330px-Animation_of_Hayabusa_trajectory_returning_from_Itokawa_to_Earth.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Animation_of_Hayabusa_trajectory_returning_from_Itokawa_to_Earth.gif/440px-Animation_of_Hayabusa_trajectory_returning_from_Itokawa_to_Earth.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Animation of <i>Hayabusa</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> trajectory returning from <a href="/wiki/25143_Itokawa" title="25143 Itokawa">Itokawa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>.<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:magenta; color:black;"> </span>  Hayabusa</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Cyan; color:black;"> </span>  <a href="/wiki/25143_Itokawa" title="25143 Itokawa">Itokawa</a></span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color: RoyalBlue ; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color: Yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a></span></figcaption></figure> <p>On 7 March 2006, JAXA announced<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that communication with <i>Hayabusa</i> had been recovered in the following stages: On 23 January, the beacon signal from the probe was detected. On 26 January, the probe responded to commands from ground control by changing the beacon signal. On 6 February, an ejection of xenon propellant was commanded for attitude control to improve communication. The spin axis change rate was about two degrees per day. On 25 February, telemetry data was obtained through the low-gain antenna. On 4 March, telemetry data was obtained through the medium-gain antenna. On 6 March, <i>Hayabusa'</i>s position was established at about 13,000 km ahead of Itokawa in its orbit with a relative speed of <span class="nowrap">3 m</span> per second. </p><p>On 1 June, <i>Hayabusa</i> project manager Junichiro Kawaguchi reported<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that they confirmed two out of four ion engines were working normally, which would have been sufficient for the return journey. On 30 January 2007, JAXA reported that 7 out of 11 batteries were working and the return capsule was sealed.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 April, JAXA reported that <i>Hayabusa</i> started the return journey.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 August, it was announced that Ion Engine C onboard Hayabusa, in addition to B and D, had been successfully re-ignited.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 October, JAXA reported that the first phase of trajectory maneuver operation had finished and the spacecraft was now put in a spin-stabilized state.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 February 2009, JAXA reported success in reignition of the ion engines and starting the second phase of the trajectory correction maneuver to return to Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 November 2009, the ion engine D automatically stopped working due to an anomaly from degradation.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 November 2009, JAXA announced that they managed to combine the ion generator of ion engine B and the neutralizer of ion engine A.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was suboptimal but expected to be sufficient to generate the necessary <a href="/wiki/Delta-v" title="Delta-v">delta-v</a>. Out of <span class="nowrap">2,200 m/s</span> delta-v necessary to return to the Earth, about <span class="nowrap">2,000 m/s</span> had been performed already, and about <span class="nowrap">200 m/s</span> were still necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 March 2010, <i>Hayabusa</i> was on a trajectory that would have passed within the lunar orbit. Ion engine operation was suspended to measure the precise trajectory in preparation to perform Trajectory Correction Maneuver 1 to the Earth-rim trajectory.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 March, 06:17 UTC, <i>Hayabusa</i> was on a trajectory which would pass 20,000 km from Earth center, completing the orbit transfer operation from Itokawa to Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 6 April, the first stage of Trajectory Correction Maneuver (TCM-0) which led to a rough Earth rim trajectory was completed. It was planned to be 60 days until reentry.<sup id="cite_ref-jaxa20100421_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaxa20100421-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20100331_sac_hayabusa_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20100331_sac_hayabusa-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 4 May, the probe completed its TCM-1 maneuver to align precisely to the Earth rim trajectory.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 May, TCM-2 started, continued for about 92.5 hours, and finished on 26 May.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was followed by TCM-3 from 3 through 5 June to change the trajectory from the Earth rim to <a href="/wiki/Woomera,_South_Australia" title="Woomera, South Australia">Woomera, South Australia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TCM-4 was performed on 9 June for about 2.5 hours for a precision descent to <a href="/wiki/Woomera_Prohibited_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Woomera Prohibited Area">Woomera Prohibited Area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reentry capsule was released at 10:51 UTC on 13 June. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reentry_and_capsule_retrieval">Reentry and capsule retrieval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Reentry and capsule retrieval"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13_25seconds.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13_25seconds.png/220px-Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13_25seconds.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13_25seconds.png/330px-Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13_25seconds.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13_25seconds.png/440px-Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13_25seconds.png 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="187" /></a><figcaption>The glowing return capsule is seen forward of and below the parent <i>Hayabusa</i> probe bus as the latter breaks up.</figcaption></figure> <p>The reentry capsule and the spacecraft reentered Earth's atmosphere on 13 June 2010 at 13:51 UTC (23:21 local).<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Heat_shield" title="Heat shield">heat-shielded</a> capsule made a parachute landing in the South <a href="/wiki/Outback" title="Outback">Australian outback</a> while the spacecraft broke up and incinerated in a large fireball.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An international team of scientists observed the 12.2 km/s entry of the capsule from 11.9 km (39,000 ft) on board NASA's DC-8 airborne laboratory, using a wide array of imaging and spectrographic cameras to measure the physical conditions during <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_reentry" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric reentry">atmospheric reentry</a> in a mission led by NASA's <a href="/wiki/Ames_Research_Center" title="Ames Research Center">Ames Research Center</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jenniskens" title="Peter Jenniskens">Peter Jenniskens</a> of the <a href="/wiki/SETI_Institute" title="SETI Institute">SETI Institute</a> as the project scientist.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the reaction control system no longer functioned, the 510 kilograms (1,120 lb) space probe re-entered the Earth's atmosphere similar to the approach of an <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> along with the sample re-entry capsule, and, as mission scientists expected, the majority of the spacecraft disintegrated upon entry.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hayabusa_Re-Entery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Hayabusa_Re-Entery.jpg/220px-Hayabusa_Re-Entery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Hayabusa_Re-Entery.jpg/330px-Hayabusa_Re-Entery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Hayabusa_Re-Entery.jpg/440px-Hayabusa_Re-Entery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3212" data-file-height="2020" /></a><figcaption>The re-entry seen from the <a href="/wiki/Woomera_Test_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Woomera Test Range">Woomera Test Range</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The return capsule was predicted to land in a <span class="nowrap">20 km</span> by <span class="nowrap">200 km</span> area in the <a href="/wiki/Woomera_Prohibited_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Woomera Prohibited Area">Woomera Prohibited Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>. Four ground teams surrounded this area and located the re-entry capsule by optical observation and a radio beacon. Then a team on board a helicopter was dispatched. They located the capsule and recorded its position with GPS. The capsule was successfully retrieved at 07:08 UTC (16:38 local) of 14 June 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two parts of the heat shield, which were jettisoned during the descent, were also found.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnews10307048_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnews10307048-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv/220px--Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="94" data-durationhint="45" data-mwtitle="Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="366" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="1120" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="110" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="182" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="274" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv/Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="274" /></video></span><figcaption><i>Hayabusa</i> re-entry filmed by a camera onboard NASA's DC-8 Airborne Laboratory. The glowing return capsule is seen forward of and below the main <i>Hayabusa</i> probe bus as the latter breaks up. The <a href="/wiki/Heat_shield" title="Heat shield">heat-shielded</a> capsule continues leaving a wake after the main bus fragments have faded. (<a href="/wiki/File:Hayabusa_atmospheric_reentry_(close-up).ogv" title="File:Hayabusa atmospheric reentry (close-up).ogv">Close-up video</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>After confirming that the explosive devices used for parachute deployment were safe, the capsule was packed inside a double layer of plastic bags filled with pure nitrogen gas to reduce the risk of contamination. The soil at the landing site was also sampled for reference in case of contamination. Then the capsule was put inside a cargo container which had air suspension to keep the capsule below 1.5 G shock during transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capsule and its heat shield parts were transported to Japan by a chartered plane and arrived at the curation facility at the JAXA/ISAS <a href="/wiki/Sagamihara_Campus" title="Sagamihara Campus">Sagamihara Campus</a> on 18 June.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Government">Tokyo Metropolitan Government</a> adviser and former lieutenant general, Toshiyuki Shikata, claimed that part of the rationale for the reentry and landing part of the mission was to demonstrate "that Japan's ballistic missile capability is credible."<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_study_of_samples">Scientific study of samples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Scientific study of samples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the capsule was extracted from the protecting plastic bag, it was inspected using <a href="/wiki/X-ray_computed_tomography" class="mw-redirect" title="X-ray computed tomography">X-ray CT</a> to determine its condition. Then the sample canister was extracted from the reentry capsule. The surface of the canister was cleaned using pure nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide; it was then placed in the canister opening device. The internal pressure of the canister was determined by a slight deformation of the canister as the pressure of the environment nitrogen gas in the clean chamber was varied. The nitrogen gas pressure was then adjusted to match the internal canister pressure to prevent the escape of any gas from the sample upon the opening of the canister.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confirmation_of_asteroid_particles">Confirmation of asteroid particles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Confirmation of asteroid particles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 16 November 2010, JAXA confirmed that most of the particles found in one of two compartments inside the <i>Hayabusa</i> sample return capsule came from Itokawa.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analysis with a scanning electron microscope identified about 1,500 grains of rocky particles, according to the JAXA press release.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After further studying the analysis results and comparison of mineral compositions, most of them were judged to be of extraterrestrial origin, and definitely from the asteroid Itokawa.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Japanese scientists, the composition of <i>Hayabusa</i>'s samples was more similar to <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteorites</a> than known rocks from Earth. Their size is mostly less than 10 micrometers.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The material matches chemical maps of Itokawa from <i>Hayabusa'</i>s remote sensing instruments. The researchers found concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">olivine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pyroxene" title="Pyroxene">pyroxene</a> in the <i>Hayabusa</i> samples. </p><p>Further study of the samples had to wait until 2011 because researchers were still developing special handling procedures to avoid contaminating the particles during the next phase of research. </p><p>In 2013 JAXA announced that 1500 extraterrestrial grains had been recovered, comprising the minerals <a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">olivine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyroxene" title="Pyroxene">pyroxene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plagioclase" title="Plagioclase">plagioclase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron_sulfide" title="Iron sulfide">iron sulfide</a>. The grains were about 10 micrometers in size.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JAXA performed detailed analyses of the samples by splitting particles and examining their crystal structure at <a href="/wiki/SPring-8" title="SPring-8">SPring-8</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results">Results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 26 August 2011 issue of <a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)"><i>Science</i></a> devoted six articles to findings based on dust collected by <i>Hayabusa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25aug_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25aug-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scientists' analysis of the dust from Itokawa suggested that it had probably originally been part of a larger asteroid. Dust collected from the asteroid surface was believed to have been exposed there for about eight million years.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25aug_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25aug-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dust from Itokawa was found to be "identical to material that makes up meteorites."<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25aug_92-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25aug-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Itokawa is an <a href="/wiki/S-type_asteroid" title="S-type asteroid">S-type asteroid</a> whose composition matches that of an <a href="/wiki/LL_chondrite" title="LL chondrite">LL chondrite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes26aug_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes26aug-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Japan, rival film companies announced the production of three different feature length theatrical films based on the story of <i>Hayabusa</i>, one of which, <i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa:_Harukanaru_Kikan" title="Hayabusa: Harukanaru Kikan">Hayabusa: Harukanaru Kikan</a></i> (2012), starred <a href="/wiki/Ken_Watanabe" title="Ken Watanabe">Ken Watanabe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lego" title="Lego">Lego</a> construction toy company released a model of <i>Hayabusa</i> through their Cuusoo website.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many references to <i>Hayabusa</i> appear in the Japanese series <i><a href="/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Fourze" title="Kamen Rider Fourze">Kamen Rider Fourze</a></i>, a space-themed <a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">tokusatsu</a> series. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a> – Japanese space mission to asteroid Ryugu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a> – NASA asteroid sample return mission (2016 to 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Solar_System_exploration" title="Timeline of Solar System exploration">Timeline of Solar System exploration</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hayabusa/in-depth/">"Hayabusa"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%EF%BC%88CG%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%89+%2F+%E3%83%88%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9&rft.pub=ISAS&rft.au=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%EF%BC%88JAXA%EF%BC%89%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fj%2Fsnews%2F2004%2F0520.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所" class="citation web cs1">宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2004/0520_3.shtml">"地球最接近直前の「はやぶさ」が撮影した日本上空付近の画像 / トピックス"</a>. ISAS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%9C%80%E6%8E%A5%E8%BF%91%E7%9B%B4%E5%89%8D%E3%81%AE%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95%E3%80%8D%E3%81%8C%E6%92%AE%E5%BD%B1%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%8A%E7%A9%BA%E4%BB%98%E8%BF%91%E3%81%AE%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F+%2F+%E3%83%88%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9&rft.pub=ISAS&rft.au=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%EF%BC%88JAXA%EF%BC%89%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fj%2Fsnews%2F2004%2F0520_3.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所" class="citation web cs1">宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2004/0520_2.shtml">"地球スイングバイ後の「はやぶさ」から撮影した地球 / トピックス"</a>. ISAS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E5%BE%8C%E3%81%AE%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95%E3%80%8D%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E6%92%AE%E5%BD%B1%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83+%2F+%E3%83%88%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9&rft.pub=ISAS&rft.au=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%EF%BC%88JAXA%EF%BC%89%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fj%2Fsnews%2F2004%2F0520_2.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所" class="citation web cs1">宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2004/0524.shtml">"「はやぶさ」地球スウィングバイ成功確認！ / トピックス"</a>. ISAS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95%E3%80%8D%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E7%A2%BA%E8%AA%8D%EF%BC%81+%2F+%E3%83%88%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9&rft.pub=ISAS&rft.au=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%EF%BC%88JAXA%EF%BC%89%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fj%2Fsnews%2F2004%2F0524.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所" class="citation web cs1">宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2004/0621.shtml">"「はやぶさ」イオンエンジン本格的に再稼動 / トピックス"</a>. ISAS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95%E3%80%8D%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E6%9C%AC%E6%A0%BC%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AB%E5%86%8D%E7%A8%BC%E5%8B%95+%2F+%E3%83%88%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9&rft.pub=ISAS&rft.au=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%EF%BC%88JAXA%EF%BC%89%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fj%2Fsnews%2F2004%2F0621.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所" class="citation web cs1">宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2005/0309.shtml">"「はやぶさ」遠日点通過！〜太陽から史上最も離れた電気推進ロケット〜 / トピックス"</a>. ISAS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95%E3%80%8D%E9%81%A0%E6%97%A5%E7%82%B9%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E%EF%BC%81%E3%80%9C%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E3%82%82%E9%9B%A2%E3%82%8C%E3%81%9F%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E6%8E%A8%E9%80%B2%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%80%9C+%2F+%E3%83%88%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9&rft.pub=ISAS&rft.au=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%EF%BC%88JAXA%EF%BC%89%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fj%2Fsnews%2F2005%2F0309.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJapan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency2005" class="citation web cs1">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (15 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/snews/2005/0815_hayabusa.shtml">"Hayabusa performed the Star Tracker imaging of Itokawa! / Topics"</a>. ISAS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hayabusa+performed+the+Star+Tracker+imaging+of+Itokawa%21+%2F+Topics&rft.pub=ISAS&rft.date=2005-08-15&rft.au=Japan+Aerospace+Exploration+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fe%2Fsnews%2F2005%2F0815_hayabusa.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJapan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency2005" class="citation web cs1">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (26 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/snews/2005/0826.shtml">"Hayabusa's navigation camera photographed the "Itokawa" / Topics"</a>. ISAS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hayabusa%27s+navigation+camera+photographed+the+%22Itokawa%22+%2F+Topics&rft.pub=ISAS&rft.date=2005-08-26&rft.au=Japan+Aerospace+Exploration+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fe%2Fsnews%2F2005%2F0826.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJapan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency2005" class="citation web cs1">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (5 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613040345/http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/2005/0905.shtml">"Hayabusa successfully captured Itokawa Shape for the first time in Space / Topics"</a>. ISAS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/2005/0905.shtml">the original</a> on 13 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hayabusa+successfully+captured+Itokawa+Shape+for+the+first+time+in+Space+%2F+Topics&rft.pub=ISAS&rft.date=2005-09-05&rft.au=Japan+Aerospace+Exploration+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.ac.jp%2Fe%2Fsnews%2F2005%2F0905.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJapan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency2005" class="citation web cs1">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (11 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613040351/http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/2005/0911.shtml">"Itokawa Image on September 10 / Topics"</a>. ISAS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/2005/0911.shtml">the original</a> on 13 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Itokawa+Image+on+September+10+%2F+Topics&rft.pub=ISAS&rft.date=2005-09-11&rft.au=Japan+Aerospace+Exploration+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.ac.jp%2Fe%2Fsnews%2F2005%2F0911.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJapan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency2005" class="citation web cs1">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (14 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613040426/http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/2005/0914.shtml">"The synthesized pseudo-color image of Itokawa which took by Hayabusa / Topics"</a>. ISAS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/2005/0914.shtml">the original</a> on 13 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+synthesized+pseudo-color+image+of+Itokawa+which+took+by+Hayabusa+%2F+Topics&rft.pub=ISAS&rft.date=2005-09-14&rft.au=Japan+Aerospace+Exploration+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.ac.jp%2Fe%2Fsnews%2F2005%2F0914.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJapan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency2005" class="citation web cs1">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (4 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/snews/2005/1004.shtml">"Hayabusa arrives at Home Position, and Current Status of Hayabusa Spacecraft / Topics"</a>. ISAS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hayabusa+arrives+at+Home+Position%2C+and+Current+Status+of+Hayabusa+Spacecraft+%2F+Topics&rft.pub=ISAS&rft.date=2005-10-04&rft.au=Japan+Aerospace+Exploration+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fe%2Fsnews%2F2005%2F1004.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFin_はやぶさリンク,_宇宙開発" class="citation web cs1">in はやぶさリンク, 宇宙開発. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smatsu.air-nifty.com/lbyd/2005/11/114_7a7a.html">"「はやぶさリンク」：11/4降下リハーサル中止の記者会見: 松浦晋也のL/D"</a>. 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ISAS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+Status+of+Hayabusa+Spacecraft+%E2%80%93+Communication+and+Operation+Resumption+%2F+Topics&rft.pub=ISAS&rft.au=Japan+Aerospace+Exploration+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fe%2Fsnews%2F2006%2F0308.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFin_はやぶさリンク" class="citation web cs1">in はやぶさリンク. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smatsu.air-nifty.com/lbyd/2006/03/7_8c16.html">"本日午後7時からの記者会見: 松浦晋也のL/D"</a>. Smatsu.air-nifty.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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JAXA. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0285-2861">0285-2861</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ISAS+News&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E7%8F%BE%E7%8A%B6&rft.issue=314&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=0285-2861&rft.au=Jun%27ichiro+Kawaguchi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2FISASnews%2FNo.313%2FISASnews313.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所" class="citation web cs1">宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/topics/topics/2007/0425.shtml">"「はやぶさ」地球帰還に向けた本格巡航運転開始! / トピックス"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95%E3%80%8D%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%B8%B0%E9%82%84%E3%81%AB%E5%90%91%E3%81%91%E3%81%9F%E6%9C%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%B7%A1%E8%88%AA%E9%81%8B%E8%BB%A2%E9%96%8B%E5%A7%8B%21+%2F+%E3%83%88%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9&rft.pub=ISAS&rft.au=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%EF%BC%88JAXA%EF%BC%89%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fj%2Ftopics%2Ftopics%2F2007%2F0425.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/topics/2007/0501.shtml">"Hayabusa leaves for Earth"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hayabusa.isas.jaxa.jp/e/index_54.html">the original</a> on 17 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hayabusa+project+top&rft.pub=Hayabusa.isas.jaxa.jp&rft.date=2007-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hayabusa.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fe%2Findex_54.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/topics/2007/1029.shtml">"Hayabusa Finished First Leg of Orbit Maneuver toward Earth"</a>. 29 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asteroid+Explorer+%22HAYABUSA%22+Ion+Engine+Anomaly&rft.pub=JAXA&rft.date=2009-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaxa.jp%2Fpress%2F2009%2F11%2F20091109_hayabusa_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091123100227/http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2009/11/20091119_hayabusa_e.html">"Restoration of Asteroid Explorer, HAYABUSA's Return Cruise"</a> (Press release). JAXA. 19 November 2009. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Restoration+of+Asteroid+Explorer%2C+HAYABUSA%27s+Return+Cruise&rft.pub=JAXA&rft.date=2009-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaxa.jp%2Fpress%2F2009%2F11%2F20091119_hayabusa_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShinya_Matsuura2009" class="citation web cs1">Shinya Matsuura (19 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smatsu.air-nifty.com/lbyd/2009/11/post-1cd1.html">"はやぶさリンク：はやぶさ、帰還に向けてイオンエンジン再起動"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/enterp/missions/hayabusa/trj.shtml">the original</a> on 16 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1&rft.date=2010-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fj%2Fenterp%2Fmissions%2Fhayabusa%2Ftrj.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2010/03/20100327_hayabusa_j.html"><bdi lang="ja">小惑星探査機「はやぶさ」搭載イオンエンジンの連続運転による軌道制御の終了について</bdi></a> (in Japanese). JAXA. 27 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B0%8F%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%9F%BB%E6%A9%9F%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95%E3%80%8D%E6%90%AD%E8%BC%89%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E9%80%A3%E7%B6%9A%E9%81%8B%E8%BB%A2%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%88%B6%E5%BE%A1%E3%81%AE%E7%B5%82%E4%BA%86%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.pub=JAXA&rft.date=2010-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaxa.jp%2Fpress%2F2010%2F03%2F20100327_hayabusa_j.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jaxa20100421-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jaxa20100421_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2010/04/20100421_hayabusa_j.html"><bdi lang="ja">小惑星探査機「はやぶさ」搭載カプセルの地球帰還について</bdi></a> [Regarding the Arrival of Return Capsule of the Asteroid Probe "Hayabusa"] (in Japanese). JAXA. 21 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B0%8F%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%9F%BB%E6%A9%9F%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95%E3%80%8D%E6%90%AD%E8%BC%89%E3%82%AB%E3%83%97%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%B8%B0%E9%82%84%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.pub=JAXA&rft.date=2010-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaxa.jp%2Fpress%2F2010%2F04%2F20100421_hayabusa_j.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJun'ichiro_Kawaguchi2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jun'ichiro Kawaguchi (12 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100327142721/http://www.isas.ac.jp/j/enterp/missions/hayabusa/today.shtml"><bdi lang="ja">軌道情報</bdi></a> (in Japanese). JAXA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.ac.jp/j/enterp/missions/hayabusa/today.shtml">the original</a> on 27 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1&rft.pub=JAXA&rft.date=2010-04-12&rft.au=Jun%27ichiro+Kawaguchi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.ac.jp%2Fj%2Fenterp%2Fmissions%2Fhayabusa%2Ftoday.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ameblo.jp/hayakawa-moon/entry-10501923176.html"><bdi lang="ja">本日より</bdi></a> (in Japanese). 6 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%A5%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fameblo.jp%2Fhayakawa-moon%2Fentry-10501923176.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20100331_sac_hayabusa-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20100331_sac_hayabusa_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJAXA_Space_Exploration_Center2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">JAXA Space Exploration Center (31 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2010/03/20100331_sac_hayabusa.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">「はやぶさ」試料回収カプセルの再突入に係る計画について</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95%E3%80%8D%E8%A9%A6%E6%96%99%E5%9B%9E%E5%8F%8E%E3%82%AB%E3%83%97%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E5%86%8D%E7%AA%81%E5%85%A5%E3%81%AB%E4%BF%82%E3%82%8B%E8%A8%88%E7%94%BB%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.date=2010-03-31&rft.au=JAXA+Space+Exploration+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaxa.jp%2Fpress%2F2010%2F03%2F20100331_sac_hayabusa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/hayabusa-live/?itemid=413">"TCM-1 operation was successfully completed"</a>. 4 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TCM-1+operation+was+successfully+completed&rft.date=2010-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fhome%2Fhayabusa-live%2F%3Fitemid%3D413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/hayabusa-live/?blogid=6&archive=2010-05">"Hayabusa Live Archive"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hayabusa+Live+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fhome%2Fhayabusa-live%2F%3Fblogid%3D6%26archive%3D2010-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/hayabusa-live/?itemid=533">"TCM-3 operation started, shift the target from Earth's outer rim to WPA"</a>. 3 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TCM-3+operation+started%2C+shift+the+target+from+Earth%27s+outer+rim+to+WPA&rft.date=2010-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fhome%2Fhayabusa-live%2F%3Fitemid%3D533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/hayabusa-live/?itemid=548">"TCM-3 operation completed, shift the target from Earth's outer rim to WPA"</a>. 5 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TCM-3+operation+completed%2C+shift+the+target+from+Earth%27s+outer+rim+to+WPA&rft.date=2010-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fhome%2Fhayabusa-live%2F%3Fitemid%3D548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/hayabusa-live/?itemid=563">"TCM-4 operation completed, precise guidance to WPA"</a>. 9 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TCM-4+operation+completed%2C+precise+guidance+to+WPA&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fhome%2Fhayabusa-live%2F%3Fitemid%3D563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indyposted.com/27014/mission-accomplished-for-japans-asteroid-explorer-hayabusa/">Mission Accomplished For Japan's Asteroid Explorer Hayabusa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100616232222/http://indyposted.com/27014/mission-accomplished-for-japans-asteroid-explorer-hayabusa/">Archived</a> 16 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100616062115/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/hayabusa-asteroid-probe-landing-preview-100613.html">"Space Probe, Perhaps with a Chunk of Asteroid, Returns to Earth Sunday"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Space.com" title="Space.com">Space.com</a></i>. 13 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/hayabusa-asteroid-probe-landing-preview-100613.html">the original</a> on 16 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Space+Probe%2C+Perhaps+with+a+Chunk+of+Asteroid%2C+Returns+to+Earth+Sunday&rft.date=2010-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fmissionlaunches%2Fhayabusa-asteroid-probe-landing-preview-100613.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100628145257/http://airborne.seti.org/hayabusa/">"Hayabusa Re-Entry airborne observing campaign"</a>. The SETI Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://airborne.seti.org/hayabusa/">the original</a> on 28 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hayabusa+Re-Entry+airborne+observing+campaign&rft.pub=The+SETI+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fairborne.seti.org%2Fhayabusa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfYA4f-AIL0">"NASA Team Captures Hayabusa Spacecraft Reentry"</a>. NASA. 14 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NASA+Team+Captures+Hayabusa+Spacecraft+Reentry&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DgfYA4f-AIL0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyall2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Ryall, Julian (11 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090614040332/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/06/090611-asteroid-collision-hayabusa.html">"Asteroid Probe Set to "Collide" With Earth"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/06/090611-asteroid-collision-hayabusa.html">the original</a> on 14 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Asteroid+Probe+Set+to+%22Collide%22+With+Earth&rft.date=2009-06-11&rft.aulast=Ryall&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2009%2F06%2F090611-asteroid-collision-hayabusa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2010/06/20100614_hayabusa5_e.html">"Retrieving the Capsule completed"</a>. JAXA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Retrieving+the+Capsule+completed&rft.pub=JAXA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaxa.jp%2Fpress%2F2010%2F06%2F20100614_hayabusa5_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcnews10307048-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbcnews10307048_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Amos2010" class="citation news cs1">Jonathan Amos (14 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/science_and_environment/10307048.stm">"Hayabusa asteroid-sample capsule recovered in Outback"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Hayabusa+asteroid-sample+capsule+recovered+in+Outback&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft.au=Jonathan+Amos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fscience_and_environment%2F10307048.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707174451/http://mrd-matsuda.co.jp/jaxa.html"><bdi lang="ja">はやぶさ回収ボックス</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Matsuda R&D Co. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaxa.jp/pr/jaxas/pdf/jaxas032.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JAXA%27s+032&rft.pub=JAXA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaxa.jp%2Fpr%2Fjaxas%2Fpdf%2Fjaxas032.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2010/11/20101116_hayabusa_e.html">"Identification of origin of particles brought back by Hayabusa"</a>. JAXA. 16 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Identification+of+origin+of+particles+brought+back+by+Hayabusa&rft.pub=JAXA&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaxa.jp%2Fpress%2F2010%2F11%2F20101116_hayabusa_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Clark2010" class="citation web cs1">Stephen Clark (17 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1011/16hayabusa/">"Japan says Hayabusa brought back asteroid grains"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+says+Hayabusa+brought+back+asteroid+grains&rft.pub=Spaceflight+Now&rft.date=2010-11-17&rft.au=Stephen+Clark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceflightnow.com%2Fnews%2Fn1011%2F16hayabusa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennis_Normile2010" class="citation web cs1">Dennis Normile (16 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101120041501/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2010/11/spacecraft-successfully-returns-.html">"Spacecraft Successfully Returns Asteroid Dust"</a>. Science. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2010/11/spacecraft-successfully-returns-.html">the original</a> on 20 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spacecraft+Successfully+Returns+Asteroid+Dust&rft.pub=Science&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.au=Dennis+Normile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencemag.org%2Fsciencenow%2F2010%2F11%2Fspacecraft-successfully-returns-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTariq_Malik2010" class="citation web cs1">Tariq Malik (16 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/asteroid-dust-collected-by-japan-space-probe-101116.html">"Asteroid Dust Successfully Returned by Japanese Space Probe"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asteroid+Dust+Successfully+Returned+by+Japanese+Space+Probe&rft.pub=SPACE.com&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.au=Tariq+Malik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fscienceastronomy%2Fasteroid-dust-collected-by-japan-space-probe-101116.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2014/dec/03/japan-launches-second-asteroid-mission">Japan launches second asteroid mission (Physicsworld.com, Dec 3, 2014)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101009234832/http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20101007p2a00m0na010000c.html">"Dust in Hayabusa asteroid probe capsule could be extraterrestrial"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Shimbun" title="Mainichi Shimbun">Mainichi Shimbun</a></i>. 7 October 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20101007p2a00m0na010000c.html">the original</a> on 9 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mainichi+Shimbun&rft.atitle=Dust+in+Hayabusa+asteroid+probe+capsule+could+be+extraterrestrial&rft.date=2010-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmdn.mainichi.jp%2Fmdnnews%2Fnews%2F20101007p2a00m0na010000c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt25aug-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25aug_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25aug_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25aug_92-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/30/science/30obmeteor.html">"Asteroid Dust Confirms Meteorite Origins"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. 25 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Asteroid+Dust+Confirms+Meteorite+Origins&rft.date=2011-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F08%2F30%2Fscience%2F30obmeteor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes26aug-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes26aug_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/science/la-sci-asteroid-meteorites-20110826,0,4632492.story">"Most Earth meteorites linked to single asteroid"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Most+Earth+meteorites+linked+to+single+asteroid&rft.date=2011-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fscience%2Fla-sci-asteroid-meteorites-20110826%2C0%2C4632492.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNishida2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nishida, Kensaku (12 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asahi.com/showbiz/movie/TKY201107120311.html"><bdi lang="ja">映画「はやぶさ」３社競う足踏み日本、自信回復の願い</bdi></a> [Film 'Hayabusa', 3 companies compete...]. <i>Asahi shinbun</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asahi+shinbun&rft.atitle=%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95%E3%80%8D%EF%BC%93%E7%A4%BE%E7%AB%B6%E3%81%86+%E8%B6%B3%E8%B8%8F%E3%81%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%80%81%E8%87%AA%E4%BF%A1%E5%9B%9E%E5%BE%A9%E3%81%AE%E9%A1%98%E3%81%84&rft.date=2011-07-12&rft.aulast=Nishida&rft.aufirst=Kensaku&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahi.com%2Fshowbiz%2Fmovie%2FTKY201107120311.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoji, Kaori, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2011/09/23/films/in-a-galaxy-not-so-far-away/#.XTWFXehKjIU">In a galaxy not so far away....</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Japan_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Times">Japan Times</a></i>, 23 September 2011, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130329145523/http://legocuusoo.posterous.com/the-second-lego-cuusoo-product-hayabusa">"The Second LEGO CUUSOO Product : Hayabusa"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legocuusoo.posterous.com/the-second-lego-cuusoo-product-hayabusa">the original</a> on 29 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Second+LEGO+CUUSOO+Product+%3A+Hayabusa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegocuusoo.posterous.com%2Fthe-second-lego-cuusoo-product-hayabusa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFujiwara,_A.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Fujiwara, A.; et al. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.312.5778.1327">"Hayabusa at Asteroid Itokawa (Special Issue)"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>312</b> (5778): <span class="nowrap">1327–</span>1353. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.312.5778.1327">10.1126/science.312.5778.1327</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16741105">16741105</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Hayabusa+at+Asteroid+Itokawa+%28Special+Issue%29&rft.volume=312&rft.issue=5778&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1327-%3C%2Fspan%3E1353&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.312.5778.1327&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16741105&rft.au=Fujiwara%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.312.5778.1327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiroiAbe.KitazatoAbe2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hiroi, T.; Abe., M.; Kitazato, K.; Abe, S.; Clark, B.E.; Sasaki, S.; Ishiguro, M.; Barnouin-Jha, O.S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/889820">"Developing space weathering on the asteroid 25143 Itokawa"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>443</b> (7107): <span class="nowrap">56–</span>58. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.443...56H">2006Natur.443...56H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature05073">10.1038/nature05073</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16957724">16957724</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4353389">4353389</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Developing+space+weathering+on+the+asteroid+25143+Itokawa&rft.volume=443&rft.issue=7107&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E56-%3C%2Fspan%3E58&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature05073&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4353389%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16957724&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Natur.443...56H&rft.aulast=Hiroi&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Abe.%2C+M.&rft.au=Kitazato%2C+K.&rft.au=Abe%2C+S.&rft.au=Clark%2C+B.E.&rft.au=Sasaki%2C+S.&rft.au=Ishiguro%2C+M.&rft.au=Barnouin-Jha%2C+O.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F889820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNormile2010" class="citation journal cs1">Normile, D. (30 April 2010). "Spunky Hayabusa Heads Home With Possible Payload". <i>Science</i>. <b>328</b> (5978): 565. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Sci...328..565N">2010Sci...328..565N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.328.5978.565">10.1126/science.328.5978.565</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20430991">20430991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Spunky+Hayabusa+Heads+Home+With+Possible+Payload&rft.volume=328&rft.issue=5978&rft.pages=565&rft.date=2010-04-30&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20430991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.328.5978.565&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010Sci...328..565N&rft.aulast=Normile&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hayabusa" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413142848/http://www.jaxa.jp/pr/jaxas/pdf/jaxatoday002_p.pdf">ISAS/JAXA page on the mission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051125064403/http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/enterp/missions/hayabusa/movie.shtml">ISAS/JAXA <i>Hayabusa</i> mission movie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0nHxCQYA2PU">The Great Challenges of <i>Hayabusa</i> – World's first asteroid sample return mission</a> – Official JAXA YouTube Channel</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413142848/http://www.jaxa.jp/pr/jaxas/pdf/jaxatoday002_p.pdf">ISAS/JAXA <i>Hayabusa</i> Today (live updates of the craft's position)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/snews/2005/1102.shtml"><i>Hayabusa</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Scientific and Engineering Achievements during Proximity Operations around Itokawa</a> (JAXA press release on 2 November 2005)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2006/">The 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference</a> has Special Session on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.lpi.usra.edu/pub/outgoing/lpsc2006/full702.pdf">Results of the <i>Hayabusa</i> Mission</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, and a poster session <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.lpi.usra.edu/pub/outgoing/lpsc2006/full623.pdf">Results of the <i>Hayabusa</i> Mission</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li>The 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference has Special Session on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/sess503.pdf">Results from <i>Hayabusa</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/snews/2006/0602.shtml">Initial Scientific Results of <i>Hayabusa</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Investigation on Itokawa ~Summary of the Special Issue of <i>Science</i> Magazine~</a> (ISAS/JAXA press release)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://darts.isas.jaxa.jp/planet/project/hayabusa/"><i>Hayabusa</i> Project Science Data Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpuU1hd_xeY"><span class="plainlinks">NASA AMES video of <i>Hayabusa</i> spacecraft's re-entry</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=15112814">NASA Team Captures <i>Hayabusa</i> Spacecraft Reentry</a> at <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/aussmc/sets/72157624258750654/">JAXA <i>Hayabusa</i> mission</a> re-entry capsule photos and videos by <a href="/wiki/Australian_Science_Media_Centre" title="Australian Science Media Centre">Australian Science Media Centre</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413142848/http://www.jaxa.jp/pr/jaxas/pdf/jaxatoday002_p.pdf">"JAXA Today August 2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaxa.jp/pr/jaxas/pdf/jaxatoday002_p.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JAXA+Today+August+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaxa.jp%2Fpr%2Fjaxas%2Fpdf%2Fjaxatoday002_p.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdssbn.astro.umd.edu/data_sb/missions/hayabusa/index.shtml"><i>Hayabusa Mission Archive</i></a> at the NASA Planetary Data System, Small Bodies Node</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Asteroid_spacecraft" title="Template:Asteroid spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asteroid_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Asteroid spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asteroid_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asteroid spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_minor_planets_and_comets367" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_minor_planets" title="List of missions to minor planets">Spacecraft missions</a> to <a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">minor planets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets_and_comets_visited_by_spacecraft" title="List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft">List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_extraterrestrial_surfaces" title="List of artificial objects on extraterrestrial surfaces">List of artificial objects on extraterrestrial surfaces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i> (multiple flybys)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-APEX</a> (orbiter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#Mission_extension" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2♯</a> (lander)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(spacecraft)" title="Lucy (spacecraft)"><i>Lucy</i></a> (multiple flybys)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)"><i>Psyche</i></a> (orbiter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)"><i>Hera</i></a> (orbiter) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(international_space_cooperation)" title="AIDA (international space cooperation)">AIDA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/90px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/135px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/180px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="8000" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eros,_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg/90px-Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg/135px-Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg/180px-Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1497" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:243_ida_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/90px-243_ida_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/135px-243_ida_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/180px-243_ida_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="399" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_(32755885495).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/90px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/135px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/180px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini–Huygens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" title="Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONTOUR" title="CONTOUR">CONTOUR</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI">EPOXI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_1" title="Deep Space 1">Deep Space 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halley_Armada" title="Halley Armada">Halley Armada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giotto_(spacecraft)" title="Giotto (spacecraft)">Giotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakigake" title="Sakigake">Sakigake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisei_(spacecraft)" title="Suisei (spacecraft)">Suisei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_1" title="Vega 1">Vega 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_2" title="Vega 2">Vega 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">International Cometary Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LICIACube" title="LICIACube">LICIACube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_6,_7,_8,_and_9#Pioneer_7" title="Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9">Pioneer 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Timeline of Rosetta (spacecraft)">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MINERVA_(spacecraft)" title="MINERVA (spacecraft)">MINERVA</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MASCOT" title="Hayabusa2">MASCOT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MINERVA-II" title="Hayabusa2">Rover-1A / HIBOU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MINERVA-II" title="Hayabusa2">Rover-1B / OWL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MINERVA-II" title="Hayabusa2">Rover-2</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impactors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test">DART</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(international_space_cooperation)" title="AIDA (international space cooperation)">AIDA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sample return</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-2" title="Tianwen-2">Tianwen-2</a> (multiple flybys and sample return, 2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY+</a> (multiple flybys, 2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBR_Explorer" title="MBR Explorer">MBR Explorer</a> (multiple flybys and orbiter, 2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a> (flyby, 2029)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shensuo_(spacecraft)" title="Shensuo (spacecraft)">Shensuo</a></i> (flybys, 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTER_(spacecraft)" title="ASTER (spacecraft)">ASTER</a> (orbiter, 2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramses_(spacecraft)" title="Ramses (spacecraft)">Ramses</a> (2029)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Probe_(spacecraft)" title="Interstellar Probe (spacecraft)">Interstellar Probe</a></i> (flyby, 2030–2042)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Cancelled or <br />not developed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGORA_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="AGORA mission">AGORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(international_space_cooperation)#History" title="AIDA (international space cooperation)">AIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Redirect_Mission" title="Asteroid Redirect Mission">Asteroid Redirect Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_(spacecraft)" title="Athena (spacecraft)">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAESAR_(spacecraft)" title="CAESAR (spacecraft)">CAESAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalia_(spacecraft)" title="Castalia (spacecraft)">Castalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaurus_(spacecraft_mission)" title="Centaurus (spacecraft mission)">Centaurus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(spacecraft)" title="Chimera (spacecraft)">Chimera</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_2" title="Clementine 2">Clementine 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hopper" title="Comet Hopper">Comet Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Nucleus_Dust_and_Organics_Return" title="Comet Nucleus Dust and Organics Return">CONDOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Rendezvous,_Sample_Acquisition,_Investigation,_and_Return" title="Comet Rendezvous, Sample Acquisition, Investigation, and Return">CORSAIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Rendezvous_Asteroid_Flyby" title="Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby">CRAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quijote_(spacecraft)" title="Don Quijote (spacecraft)">Don Quijote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAMMER_(spacecraft)" title="HAMMER (spacecraft)">HAMMER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_Mk2" title="Hayabusa Mk2">Hayabusa Mk2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus_(spacecraft)" title="Janus (spacecraft)">Janus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAOSEP" class="mw-redirect" title="MAOSEP">MAOSEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MANTIS_(spacecraft)" title="MANTIS (spacecraft)">MANTIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_(spacecraft)" title="Marco Polo (spacecraft)">Marco Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons_2" title="New Horizons 2">New Horizons 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OKEANOS" title="OKEANOS">OKEANOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesta_(spacecraft)" title="Vesta (spacecraft)">Vesta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_capture" title="Asteroid capture">Asteroid capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_mining" title="Asteroid mining">Asteroid mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_asteroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonization of the asteroids">Colonization of asteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Pluto" title="Exploration of Pluto">Exploration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" title="Small Solar System body">Small Solar System bodies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_trans-Neptunian_objects" title="Colonization of trans-Neptunian objects">Colonization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_(celestial_body)" title="Trojan (celestial body)">Trojan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>Probes are listed in chronological order of launch. <sup>†</sup> indicates mission failures.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_space_program473" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_space_program" title="Template:Japanese space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_space_program" title="Template talk:Japanese space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_space_program473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_space_program" title="Japanese space program">Japanese space program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicates projects in development.</li> <li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates failed projects.</li> <li><s>Strikethrough lines</s> indicate cancelled projects.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Space_agencies473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Space agencies">Space agencies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National space agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a> <ul><li>former <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">ISAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aerospace_Laboratory_of_Japan" title="National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan">NAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Development_Agency_of_Japan" title="National Space Development Agency of Japan">NASDA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Information_and_Communications_Technology" title="National Institute of Information and Communications Technology">NICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Space_Systems" title="Japan Space Systems">JSS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint development partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/30px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/45px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/60px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy <a href="/wiki/Italian_Space_Agency" title="Italian Space Agency">ASI</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">CSA</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Russia <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/15px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span>Brazil <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Space_Agency" title="Brazilian Space Agency">AEB</a><sup><small>6</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Space_Research" title="National Institute for Space Research">INPE</a><sup><small>7</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/15px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>India <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">ISRO</a><sup><small>8</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Astronomical_observation473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_observation" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical observation">Astronomical observation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akari_(satellite)" title="Akari (satellite)">Akari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics">ASCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTRO-E" class="mw-redirect" title="ASTRO-E">ASTRO-E</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Astro-G" title="Astro-G">Astro-G</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Radiation_Satellite" title="Cosmic Radiation Satellite">CORSA</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite)">Ginga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakucho" title="Hakucho">Hakucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HALCA" title="HALCA">HALCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinotori_(satellite)" title="Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">Hitomi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Suzaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenma" title="Tenma">Tenma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yohkoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisaki_(satellite)" title="Hisaki (satellite)">Hisaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission">XRISM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">ATHENA</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR-C" title="SOLAR-C">SOLAR-C</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GREX-PLUS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GREX-PLUS (page does not exist)">GREX-PLUS</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GREX-PLUS" class="extiw" title="ja:GREX-PLUS">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HiZ-GUNDAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HiZ-GUNDAM (page does not exist)">HiZ-GUNDAM</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/HiZ-GUNDAM" class="extiw" title="ja:HiZ-GUNDAM">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LAPYUTA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LAPYUTA (page does not exist)">LAPYUTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nano-JASMINE" title="Nano-JASMINE">JASMINE</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Communications_satellites,_broadcasting_satellites_and_satellite_navigation_systems473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Satellite_(Japanese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting Satellite (Japanese)">broadcasting satellites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">satellite navigation</a> systems</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>BS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BS-2X" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2X">2X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3H" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3H">3H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3N" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3N">3N</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=COMETS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="COMETS (page does not exist)">Kakehashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OICETS" title="OICETS">Kirari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINDS" title="WINDS">Kizuna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodama_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodama (satellite) (page does not exist)">Kodama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MBSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MBSat (page does not exist)">MBSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR" class="mw-redirect" title="N-STAR">N-STAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_a" title="N-STAR a">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_b" title="N-STAR b">b</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sakura (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakura_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakura (satellite) (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-2a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-2a (page does not exist)">2a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-2b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-2b (page does not exist)">2b</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-3a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-3a (page does not exist)">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-3b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-3b (page does not exist)">3b</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(satellite)" title="Yuri (satellite)">Yuri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(satellite)" title="Yuri (satellite)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-2a" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2a">2a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-2b" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2b">2b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3a" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3a">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3b" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3b">3b</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSN_Corporation" title="DSN Corporation">Kirameki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superbird-B3" title="Superbird-B3">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSN-2" title="DSN-2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System" title="Quasi-Zenith Satellite System">Michibiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QZS-1" class="mw-redirect" title="QZS-1">1</a></li> <li>2</li> <li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QZS-1R" title="QZS-1R">1R</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-Functional_Transport_Satellite" title="Multi-Functional Transport Satellite">MTSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR" class="mw-redirect" title="N-STAR">N-STAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_c" title="N-STAR c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCSAT-5A" title="JCSAT-5A">d</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JDRS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JDRS (page does not exist)">JDRS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSN_Corporation" title="DSN Corporation">DSN</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DSN-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DSN-3 (page does not exist)">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System" title="Quasi-Zenith Satellite System">QZS</a> <ul><li>5</li> <li>6</li> <li>7</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Earth_observation473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth_observation" title="Earth observation">Earth observation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akebono_(satellite)" title="Akebono (satellite)">Akebono</a></li> <li>Daichi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Land_Observing_Satellite" title="Advanced Land Observing Satellite">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-3" title="ALOS-3">3</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpa_(satellite)" title="Denpa (satellite)">Denpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JERS-1" title="JERS-1">Fuyo-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jikiken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jikiken (page does not exist)">Jikiken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyokko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyokko (page does not exist)">Kyokko</a></li> <li>Midori <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADEOS_I" title="ADEOS I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADEOS_II" title="ADEOS II">II</a></li></ul></li> <li>Momo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MOS-1_(satellite)" title="MOS-1 (satellite)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOS-1b_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MOS-1b (satellite) (page does not exist)">1b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohozora_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ohozora (satellite) (page does not exist)">Ohozora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRATS" class="mw-redirect" title="SRATS">Taiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Rainfall_Measuring_Mission" title="Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission">TRMM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Ume <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionosphere_Sounding_Satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionosphere Sounding Satellite (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISS-b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISS-b (page does not exist)">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_(satellite)" title="Aqua (satellite)">Aqua</a><sup><small>1,7</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arase_(satellite)" title="Arase (satellite)">Arase</a></li> <li>ASNARO <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li> <li>Daichi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-2" title="ALOS-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-4" title="ALOS-4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EarthCARE" title="EarthCARE">EarthCARE</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Precipitation_Measurement" title="Global Precipitation Measurement">GPM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himawari_(satellites)" title="Himawari (satellites)">Himawari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite">Ibuki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite-2" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite-2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCOM-C" class="mw-redirect" title="GCOM-C">Shikisai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCOM-W" class="mw-redirect" title="GCOM-W">Shizuku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GOSAT-GW" class="mw-redirect" title="GOSAT-GW">GOSAT-GW</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precipitation_Measuring_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Precipitation Measuring Mission (page does not exist)">PMM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Engineering_tests473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Engineering tests</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ayame <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Experimental_Communications_Satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Experimental Communications Satellite (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ECS-b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECS-b (page does not exist)">2</a></li></ul></li> <li>DASH</li> <li>EXPRESS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS">IKAROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MABES" title="MABES">Jindai</a></li> <li>Kiku <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-I (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-II (page does not exist)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-III (page does not exist)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-IV (page does not exist)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-V (page does not exist)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-VI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-VI (page does not exist)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETS-VII" title="ETS-VII">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETS-VIII" title="ETS-VIII">8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LDREX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LDREX (page does not exist)">LDREX</a> <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li> <li>LRE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micro_LabSat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micro LabSat-1 (page does not exist)">Micro LabSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_Evaluation_Payload&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vehicle Evaluation Payload (page does not exist)">Myojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohsumi_(satellite)" title="Ohsumi (satellite)">Ohsumi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEBUT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DEBUT (page does not exist)">Orizuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovative_Satellite_Technology_Demonstration_Program" title="Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program">RAISE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAISE-2" title="RAISE-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAISE-3" title="RAISE-3">3</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><s><a href="/w/index.php?title=PETSAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PETSAT (page does not exist)">PETSAT</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAPIS-1" title="RAPIS-1">RAPIS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OREX" title="OREX">Ryusei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-1" title="SERVIS-1">SERVIS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-2" title="SERVIS-2">SERVIS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDS-1" title="SDS-1">SDS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit" title="Space Flyer Unit">SFU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-F2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-F2 (page does not exist)">Shinsei</a></li> <li><s><a href="/w/index.php?title=SmartSat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SmartSat-1 (page does not exist)">SmartSat-1</a></s></li> <li>Tansei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tansei" title="Tansei">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T2 (page does not exist)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T3 (page does not exist)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T4 (page does not exist)">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRICOM-1R" title="TRICOM-1R">Tasuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Low_Altitude_Test_Satellite" title="Super Low Altitude Test Satellite">Tsubame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDS-1" title="MDS-1">Tsubasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_Space_Experiment_Recovery_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unmanned Space Experiment Recovery System (page does not exist)">USERS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajisai" title="Ajisai">Ajisai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reimei" title="Reimei">Reimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDS-4" title="SDS-4">SDS-4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BEAK_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BEAK (satellite) (page does not exist)">BEAK</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-IX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-IX (page does not exist)">ETS-IX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G-SATELLITE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G-SATELLITE (page does not exist)">G-SATELLITE</a></li> <li>SERVIS-3</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Human_spaceflight473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/Fuji_(spacecraft)" title="Fuji (spacecraft)">Fuji crewed spacecraft</a></s></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/HOPE-X" title="HOPE-X">HOPE-X</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-II_Transfer_Vehicle" title="H-II Transfer Vehicle">H-II Transfer Vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station (ISS)</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kib%C5%8D_(ISS_module)" title="Kibō (ISS module)">Japanese Experiment Module (Kibō)</a><sup><small>1,2,3,4,5,6</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTV-X" title="HTV-X">HTV-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Space_Station_Module_(Mitsui)" title="Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)">Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a><sup><small>1,2,4</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Space_probes473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_probes" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probes">Space probes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">The Moon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R Mission 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">Kaguya (SELENE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">Smart Lander for Investigating Moon</a> (SLIM)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EQUULEUS" title="EQUULEUS">EQUULEUS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R Mission 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HERACLES_(spacecraft)" title="HERACLES (spacecraft)">HERACLES</a><sup><small>2,4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Cruiser" title="Lunar Cruiser">Lunar Cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">Lunar Polar Exploration Mission</a><sup><small>8</small></sup> (LUPEX)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaoki" title="Yaoki">Yaoki</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_Mk2" title="Hayabusa Mk2">Hayabusa Mk2</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakigake" title="Sakigake">Sakigake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin%27en_(spacecraft)" title="Shin'en (spacecraft)">Shin'en</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisei_(spacecraft)" title="Suisei (spacecraft)">Suisei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)" title="Akatsuki (spacecraft)">Akatsuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo (MMO/Mio)</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)">Hera</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY+</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MELOS" title="MELOS">MELOS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_eXploration" title="Martian Moons eXploration">Martian Moons eXploration</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Next_Generation_Small-Body_Sample_Return&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return (page does not exist)">Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tera-hertz_Explorer" title="Tera-hertz Explorer">TEREX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reconnaissance_satellites473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">Reconnaissance satellites</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Information_Gathering_Satellite" title="Information Gathering Satellite">IGS</a>-Optical <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li> <li>Experimentally 3</li></ul></li> <li>IGS-Radar <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>IGS-Optical <ul><li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li>5</li> <li>6</li> <li>Experimentally 5</li></ul></li> <li>IGS-Radar <ul><li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li>Spare</li> <li>5</li> <li>6</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>IGS-Optical</i> <ul><li><i>7</i></li> <li><i>8</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>IGS-Radar</i> <ul><li><i>7</i></li> <li>8</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Private_small_satellites473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Private <a href="/wiki/Small_satellite" title="Small satellite">small satellites</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OPUSAT" title="OPUSAT">CosMoz</a></li> <li>CUTE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CUTE-1.7" class="mw-redirect" title="CUTE-1.7">1.7+APD</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fuji <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 12 (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 20 (page does not exist)">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayato_(satellite)" title="Hayato (satellite)">Hayato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIBARI_(satellite)" title="HIBARI (satellite)">HIBARI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HITSat-OSCAR_59&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HITSat-OSCAR 59 (page does not exist)">HIT-SAT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SORUNSAT-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SORUNSAT-1 (page does not exist)">Kagayaki</a></li> <li>Kanta-kun (WEOS)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=STARS_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STARS (satellite) (page does not exist)">Kūkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohla" title="Sohla">Maido-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negai_(satellite)" title="Negai (satellite)">Negai☆″</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niwaka" title="Niwaka">Niwaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAIKO_(satellite)" title="RAIKO (satellite)">RAIKO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waseda-SAT2" title="Waseda-SAT2">Waseda-SAT2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WE_WISH" title="WE WISH">WE WISH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>CUTE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CUTE-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CUTE-I (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUTE-1.7_%2B_APD" title="CUTE-1.7 + APD">1.7+APDII</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 29 (page does not exist)">Fuji-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PRISM_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRISM (satellite) (page does not exist)">Hitomi</a></li> <li>Hodoyoshi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_1" title="Hodoyoshi 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISESAT" class="mw-redirect" title="RISESAT">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_3" title="Hodoyoshi 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_4" title="Hodoyoshi 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li>Horyu <ul><li>2</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KKS-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KKS-1 (page does not exist)">Kiseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROITERES" title="PROITERES">PROITERES</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SPRITE-SAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPRITE-SAT (page does not exist)">Raijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raijin-2" title="Raijin-2">Raijin-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEEDS_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEEDS (satellite) (page does not exist)">SEEDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOCRATES_(satellite)" title="SOCRATES (satellite)">SOCRATES</a></li> <li>XI <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XI-IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XI-IV (page does not exist)">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XI-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XI-V (page does not exist)">V</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DRUMS" title="DRUMS">DRUMS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/KITSUNE" title="KITSUNE">KITSUNE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OPUSAT-II" title="OPUSAT-II">OPUSAT-II</a></i></li> <li><i>QSAT-EOS</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RSP-01" title="RSP-01">RSP-01</a></i></li> <li><i>SOMESAT</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SpaceTuna1" title="SpaceTuna1">SpaceTuna1</a></i></li> <li><i>SPROUT</i></li> <li><i>TSUBAME</i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=WNI_satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WNI satellite (page does not exist)">WNI satellite</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Planetary_defense172" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Planetary_defense" title="Template:Planetary defense"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Planetary_defense" title="Template talk:Planetary defense"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Planetary_defense" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Planetary defense"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Planetary_defense172" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">Planetary defense</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolide" title="Bolide">Bolide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth-grazing_fireball" title="Earth-grazing fireball">Earth-grazing fireball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_air_burst" title="Meteor air burst">Meteor air burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_procession" title="Meteor procession">Meteor procession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_shower" title="Meteor shower">Meteor shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">Meteorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentially_hazardous_object" title="Potentially hazardous object">Potentially hazardous object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Earth-crossing_minor_planets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Earth-crossing minor planets">Earth-crossing minor planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth" title="List of asteroid close approaches to Earth">Asteroid close approaches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Defense</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">Asteroid impact avoidance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_laser_ablation" title="Asteroid laser ablation">Asteroid laser ablation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_tractor" title="Gravity tractor">Gravity tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion-beam_shepherd" title="Ion-beam shepherd">Ion-beam shepherd</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Space probes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAMMER_(spacecraft)" title="HAMMER (spacecraft)">HAMMER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(mission)" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDA (mission)">AIDA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test"><i>DART</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halley_Armada" title="Halley Armada">Halley Armada</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MASCOT" title="Hayabusa2">MASCOT</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">NEO</a> tracking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Terrestrial-impact_Last_Alert_System" title="Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System">ATLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Sky_Survey" title="Catalina Sky Survey">Catalina Sky Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Near-Earth_Asteroid_Research" title="Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research">LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Observatory_Near-Earth-Object_Search" title="Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search">LONEOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Tracking" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking">NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEODyS" title="NEODyS">NEODyS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEO_Surveyor" title="NEO Surveyor">NEO Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Object_Surveillance_Satellite" title="Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite">NEOSSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Optical_Ground_Station" title="ESA Optical Ground Station">OGS Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit@home" title="Orbit@home">Orbit@home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-STARRS" title="Pan-STARRS">Pan-STARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Schmidt_CCD_Asteroid_Program" title="Beijing Schmidt CCD Asteroid Program">SCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_Space_Telescope" title="Sentinel Space Telescope">Sentinel Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentry_(monitoring_system)" title="Sentry (monitoring system)">Sentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacewatch" title="Spacewatch">Spacewatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B612_Foundation" title="B612 Foundation">B612 Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Spaceguard_Association" title="Japan Spaceguard Association">Japan Spaceguard Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoritical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteoritical Society">Meteoritical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance#Ongoing_projects" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">NEOShield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceguard" title="Spaceguard">Spaceguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spaceguard_Foundation" title="The Spaceguard Foundation">The Spaceguard Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Situational_Awareness_Programme" title="Space Situational Awareness Programme">Space Situational Awareness Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Defense_Coordination_Office" title="Planetary Defense Coordination Office">Planetary Defense Coordination Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Hazard rating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torino_scale" title="Torino scale">Torino scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo_scale" title="Palermo scale">Palermo scale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Potential threats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/(29075)_1950_DA" title="(29075) 1950 DA">1950 DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/101955_Bennu" title="101955 Bennu">101955 Bennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_RF12" title="2010 RF12">2010 RF<sub>12</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/99942_Apophis" title="99942 Apophis">99942 Apophis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_YR4" title="2024 YR4">2024 YR<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_objects_with_non-zero_Torino_ratings" title="List of objects with non-zero Torino ratings">List of objects with non-zero Torino ratings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Impact_events" title="Category:Impact events">Impact events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_meteoroids" title="Category:Fiction about meteoroids">Fiction about meteoroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_impact_events" title="Category:Fiction about impact events">Fiction about impact events</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="21st-century_space_probes322" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solar_System_probes" title="Template:Solar System probes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solar_System_probes" title="Template talk:Solar System probes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solar_System_probes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solar System probes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="21st-century_space_probes322" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">21st-century <a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">space probes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Solar_System_probes" title="List of active Solar System probes">Active space probes</a><br />(deep space missions)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sun</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Moon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">ARTEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2"><i>Yutu-2</i> rover</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu 1 and 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICUBE-Q" title="ICUBE-Q">ICUBE-Q</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ghost_Mission_1" title="Blue Ghost Mission 1">Blue Ghost Mission 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R Mission 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">Mars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission" title="Emirates Mars Mission">Emirates Mars Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">TGO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">MRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">MSL</a> <a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other planets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="List of missions to Mercury">Mercury</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)" title="Akatsuki (spacecraft)">Akatsuki</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Venus" title="List of missions to Venus">Venus</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)">Juno</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_outer_planets" title="List of missions to the outer planets">Jupiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Juice</a></i> <ul><li>Jupiter</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i> <ul><li>Jupiter</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_minor_planets" title="List of missions to minor planets">Minor planets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MINERVA-II" title="Hayabusa2">MINERVA-II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(spacecraft)" title="Lucy (spacecraft)">Lucy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)">Psyche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interstellar space</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">Completed after 2000</a><br />(by termination date)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_1" title="Deep Space 1">Deep Space 1</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Galileo (spacecraft)">Galileo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2004 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(spacecraft)" title="Genesis (spacecraft)">Genesis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Huygens_(spacecraft)" title="Huygens (spacecraft)">Huygens</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)">Phoenix</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010 <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">MER</a> <a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS">IKAROS</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)"><i>Yutu</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM">Schiaparelli</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MASCOT" title="Hayabusa2">MASCOT</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjiang_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Longjiang 1">Longjiang-1</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">MarCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">MER</a> <a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjiang_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Longjiang 2">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)"><i>Pragyan</i> rover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test"><i>Double Asteroid Redirection Test</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission"><i>Mangalyaan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight"><i>InSight</i></a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R Mission 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">Luna 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-3</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)"><i>Pragyan</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">List of Solar System probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_orbiters" title="List of extraterrestrial orbiters">List of extraterrestrial orbiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_telescopes" title="List of space telescopes">List of space telescopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_2002Orbital_launches_in_20032004_→618" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2003" title="Template:Orbital launches in 2003"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_2003" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 2003"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2003" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 2003"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_2002Orbital_launches_in_20032004_→618" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/2002_in_spaceflight" title="2002 in spaceflight">← 2002</a></div><a href="/wiki/2003_in_spaceflight" title="2003 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">2003</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/2004_in_spaceflight" title="2004 in spaceflight">2004 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coriolis_(satellite)" title="Coriolis (satellite)">Coriolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICESat" title="ICESat">ICESat</a>, <a href="/wiki/CHIPSat" class="mw-redirect" title="CHIPSat">CHIPSat</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-107" title="STS-107">STS-107</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/SpaceHab" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceHab">SpaceHab RDM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extended_Duration_Orbiter" title="Extended Duration Orbiter">EDO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Radiation_and_Climate_Experiment" title="Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment">SORCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-166" title="USA-166">USA-166</a>, <a href="/wiki/XSS-10" title="XSS-10">XSS-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-47" title="Progress M-47">Progress M-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_907" title="Intelsat 907">Intelsat 907</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-167&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-167 (page does not exist)">USA-167</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS-1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS-1A (page does not exist)">IGS-1A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS-1B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS-1B (page does not exist)">IGS-1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-168" title="USA-168">USA-168</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.92 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-169" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-169">USA-169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSAT-3A" title="INSAT-3A">INSAT-3A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galaxy_12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galaxy 12 (page does not exist)">Galaxy 12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AsiaSat-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AsiaSat-4 (page does not exist)">AsiaSat-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2397" title="Kosmos 2397">Kosmos 2397</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-2" title="Soyuz TMA-2">Soyuz TMA-2</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSAT-2" title="GSAT-2">GSAT-2</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minerva_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerva (spacecraft)">Minerva</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellas_Sat_2" title="Hellas Sat 2">Hellas Sat 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beidou_1C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beidou 1C (page does not exist)">Beidou 1C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2398&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2398 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC-9" title="AMC-9">AMC-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M1-10" title="Progress M1-10">Progress M1-10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuraya_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuraya 2 (page does not exist)">Thuraya 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)">Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optus_and_Defence_C1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optus and Defence C1 (page does not exist)">Optus and Defence C1</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSAT-2c" title="BSAT-2c">BSAT-2c</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.53&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.53 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.53</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbview-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbview-3 (page does not exist)">Orbview-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monitor-E_GVM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monitor-E GVM (page does not exist)">Monitor-E GVM</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIMOSA" title="MIMOSA">MIMOSA</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=DTUSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DTUSat (page does not exist)">DTUSat</a>, <a href="/wiki/MOST_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOST (satellite)">MOST</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cute-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cute-I (page does not exist)">Cute-I</a>, <a href="/wiki/QuakeSat" class="mw-redirect" title="QuakeSat">QuakeSat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=AAU-Cubesat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AAU-Cubesat (page does not exist)">AAU-Cubesat</a>, <a href="/wiki/CanX-1" class="mw-redirect" title="CanX-1">CanX-1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubesat_XI-IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cubesat XI-IV (page does not exist)">Cubesat XI-IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)">Opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="EchoStar XII">Rainbow 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="EchoStar IX">EchoStar IX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2399&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2399 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCISAT-1" title="SCISAT-1">SCISAT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2400&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2400 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2400</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2401&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2401 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-48" title="Progress M-48">Progress M-48</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-170&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-170 (page does not exist)">USA-170</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_USA_satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="List of USA satellites">USA-171</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orion_(satellite)" title="Orion (satellite)">Orion 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK-DMC" title="UK-DMC">UK-DMC</a>, <a href="/wiki/BILSAT-1" title="BILSAT-1">BILSAT-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/STSat-1" title="STSat-1">STSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutelsat_33A" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutelsat 33A">e-Bird</a>, <a href="/wiki/INSAT-3E" title="INSAT-3E">INSAT-3E</a>, <a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_13" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxy 13">Galaxy 13</a>/<a href="/wiki/Horizons-1" title="Horizons-1">Horizons-1</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_5" title="Shenzhou 5">Shenzhou 5</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resourcesat-1" title="Resourcesat-1">Resourcesat-1</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-3" title="Soyuz TMA-3">Soyuz TMA-3</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-172 (page does not exist)">USA-172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBERS-2" title="CBERS-2">CBERS-2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuang_Xin_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuang Xin 1 (page does not exist)">Chuang Xin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-1" title="SERVIS-1">SERVIS-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fanhui_Shi_Weixing" title="Fanhui Shi Weixing">FSW-3 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shen_Tong_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shen Tong 1 (page does not exist)">Shen Tong 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal-201" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamal-201">Yamal-201</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yamal-202" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamal-202">Yamal-202</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS-2A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS-2A (page does not exist)">IGS-2A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS-2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS-2B (page does not exist)">IGS-2B</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-173&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-173 (page does not exist)">USA-173</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruzomaket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gruzomaket (page does not exist)">Gruzomaket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2402" title="Kosmos 2402">Kosmos 2402</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2403" title="Kosmos 2403">Kosmos 2403</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2404" title="Kosmos 2404">Kosmos 2404</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-174&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-174 (page does not exist)">USA-174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-175" title="USA-175">USA-175</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Amos-2">Amos-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekspress_AM22" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekspress AM22">Ekspress AM22</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tan_Ce_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tan Ce 1 (page does not exist)">Tan Ce 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox407" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275444#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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