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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div 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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etniczne_warianty_dziesiętnych_cyfr_arabsko-indyjskich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etniczne_warianty_dziesiętnych_cyfr_arabsko-indyjskich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etniczne warianty dziesiętnych cyfr arabsko-indyjskich</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etniczne_warianty_dziesiętnych_cyfr_arabsko-indyjskich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyfry arabskie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 73 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiese_syfers" title="Arabiese syfers – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Arabiese syfers" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أرقام عربية – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أرقام عربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Արաբական Թիւեր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արաբական Թիւեր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAmberos_ar%C3%A1bigos" title="Númberos arábigos – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Númberos arábigos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fr%C9%99b_r%C9%99q%C9%99ml%C9%99ri" title="Ərəb rəqəmləri – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ərəb rəqəmləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="আরবি সংখ্যা – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আরবি সংখ্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-la-pek_s%C3%B2%CD%98-j%C4%AB" title="A-la-pek sò͘-jī – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="A-la-pek sò͘-jī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ғәрәп цифрҙары – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғәрәп цифрҙары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Арабскія лічбы – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арабскія лічбы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Арабскія лічбы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арабскія лічбы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Арабски цифри – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арабски цифри" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapski_brojevi" title="Arapski brojevi – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Arapski brojevi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifro%C3%B9_arabek" title="Sifroù arabek – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sifroù arabek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombres_ar%C3%A0bics" title="Nombres aràbics – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nombres aràbics" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabsk%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslice" title="Arabské číslice – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Arabské číslice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabische_Zahlschrift" title="Arabische Zahlschrift – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arabische Zahlschrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araabia_numbrid" title="Araabia numbrid – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Araabia numbrid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Αραβικό σύστημα αρίθμησης – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αραβικό σύστημα αρίθμησης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_numerals" title="Arabic numerals – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arabic numerals" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cifras_ar%C3%A1bigas" title="Cifras arábigas – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cifras arábigas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabaj_ciferoj" title="Arabaj ciferoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arabaj ciferoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiar_zifrak" title="Arabiar zifrak – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arabiar zifrak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="عددنویسی عربی – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عددنویسی عربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiffres_arabes" title="Chiffres arabes – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chiffres arabes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeraci%C3%B3n_ar%C3%A1biga" title="Numeración arábiga – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Numeración arábiga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%81-%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B" title="હિન્દુ-અરેબીક અંકો – gudżarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હિન્દુ-અરેબીક અંકો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudżarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9D%BC%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%EC%88%AB%EC%9E%90" title="아라비아 숫자 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아라비아 숫자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Արաբական թվեր – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արաբական թվեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapske_brojke" title="Arapske brojke – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arapske brojke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angka_Arab" title="Angka Arab – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angka Arab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C3%ADskar_t%C3%B6lur" title="Arabískar tölur – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Arabískar tölur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="ספרות הודיות-ערביות – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספרות הודיות-ערביות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="არაბული ციფრები – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არაბული ციფრები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Араб цифрлары – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Араб цифрлары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Арап сандары – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Арап сандары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A" title="ຕົວເລກອາຫລັບ – laotański" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕົວເລກອາຫລັບ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeri_Arabici" title="Numeri Arabici – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Numeri Arabici" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_skait%C4%BCi" title="Arābu skaitļi – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Arābu skaitļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabi%C5%A1kieji_skaitmenys" title="Arabiškieji skaitmenys – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arabiškieji skaitmenys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93arab_sz%C3%A1m%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Hindu–arab számírás – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hindu–arab számírás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarehimarika_arabo" title="Tarehimarika arabo – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tarehimarika arabo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="अरबी अंक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अरबी अंक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angka_Arab" title="Angka Arab – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Angka Arab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algarismos_ando-ar%C3%A1bicos" title="Algarismos ando-arábicos – mirandyjski" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Algarismos ando-arábicos" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80" title="Араб цифр – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Араб цифр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisch-Indische_cijfers" title="Arabisch-Indische cijfers – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arabisch-Indische cijfers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="アラビア数字 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラビア数字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiske_tall" title="Arabiske tall – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arabiske tall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiske_tal" title="Arabiske tal – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Arabiske tal" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeracion_ar%C3%A0bia" title="Numeracion aràbia – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Numeracion aràbia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_raqamlari" title="Arab raqamlari – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arab raqamlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%95" title="ਅਰਬੀ ਅੰਕ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਰਬੀ ਅੰਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algarismos_ar%C3%A1bicos" title="Algarismos arábicos – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Algarismos arábicos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cifre_arabe" title="Cifre arabe – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cifre arabe" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Арабские цифры – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арабские цифры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numrat_arab%C3%AB" title="Numrat arabë – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Numrat arabë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B9mmura_%C3%A0rabbi" title="Nùmmura àrabbi – sycylijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nùmmura àrabbi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sycylijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabsk%C3%A1_%C4%8D%C3%ADslica" title="Arabská číslica – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Arabská číslica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabske_%C5%A1tevilke" title="Arabske številke – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arabske številke" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Арапски бројеви – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Арапски бројеви" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapski_brojevi" title="Arapski brojevi – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arapski brojevi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabialaiset_numerot" title="Arabialaiset numerot – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arabialaiset numerot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiska_siffror" title="Arabiska siffror – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arabiska siffror" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="அராபிய எண்முறை – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அராபிய எண்முறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ตัวเลขอาหรับ – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตัวเลขอาหรับ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arap_rakamlar%C4%B1" title="Arap rakamları – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arap rakamları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Арабські числа – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арабські числа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="عربی اعداد – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عربی اعداد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_s%E1%BB%91_%E1%BA%A2_R%E1%BA%ADp" title="Chữ số Ả Rập – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ số Ả Rập" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="阿拉伯數字 – chiński klasyczny" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="阿拉伯數字" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chiński klasyczny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="阿拉伯数字 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿拉伯数字" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="阿拉伯數字 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿拉伯數字" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="阿拉伯数字 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿拉伯数字" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29961325#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Arabic_numerals" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29961325" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info-current">To jest najnowsza wersja artykułu <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfry_arabskie">Cyfry arabskie</a></span> edytowana <span id="mw-revision-date">10:49, 4 kwi 2024</span> przez <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedysta:Masti" class="mw-userlink" title="Wikipedysta:Masti" data-mw-revid="73415576"><bdi>Masti</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/Dyskusja_wikipedysty:Masti" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Dyskusja wikipedysty:Masti">dyskusja</a> | <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Wk%C5%82ad/Masti" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Specjalna:Wkład/Masti">edycje</a>)</span></span>.</div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyfry_arabskie&diff=prev&oldid=73415576" title="Cyfry arabskie">różn.</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyfry_arabskie&direction=prev&oldid=73415576" title="Cyfry arabskie">← poprzednia wersja</a> | przejdź do aktualnej wersji (różn.) | następna wersja → (różn.)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div id="mw-fr-revision-tag-old" class="cdx-message mw-fr-message-box cdx-message--block cdx-message--notice flaggedrevs_notice plainlinks noprint"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">Następująca <a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyfry_arabskie&stableid=73415576">wersja przejrzana</a> tej strony, którą <a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Rejestr&type=review&page=Cyfry_arabskie">oznaczono</a> <i>4 kwi 2024</i>, była oparta na tej wersji.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><div class="noprint noexcerpt disambig navigation-not-searchable" style="line-height:1.5em; padding: 3px 6px; background-color: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 1em; display: flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_ujednoznaczniaj%C4%85ca" title="Inne znaczenia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/25px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/38px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/50px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span><span>Ten artykuł dotyczy cyfr nazywanych arabskimi, używanych przez większość ludności świata. 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.flex>.before,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex>.after{display:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis img,.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis .flagicon,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption>.flagicon,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption>.image{display:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/System_liczbowy" title="System liczbowy">Systemy liczbowe</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><div class="navbox-main-content inner-group"><div class="tr a1"><div class="navbox-group opis">Kultura</div><div class="a1 hlist navbox-list spis navbox-odd"> <p><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyfry indyjsko-arabskie</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arabski (zachód)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfry_arabskie_(w_krajach_arabskich)" title="Cyfry arabskie (w krajach arabskich)">Arabski (wschód)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfry_hinduskie" title="Cyfry hinduskie">Cyfry hinduskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_khmerski#Cyfry" title="Język khmerski">Khmerski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajskie_liczebniki" title="Tajskie liczebniki">Tajski</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Systemy wschodnioazjatyckie</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chi%C5%84skie_liczebniki" title="Chińskie liczebniki">Chiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfry_japo%C5%84skie" title="Cyfry japońskie">Japoński</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyfry_Suzhou" title="Cyfry Suzhou">Suzhou</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfry_korea%C5%84skie" title="Cyfry koreańskie">Koreański</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfry_wietnamskie" title="Cyfry wietnamskie">Wietnamski</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patyczki_liczbowe" title="Patyczki liczbowe">Patyczki liczbowe</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Systemy alfabetyczne</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabski_system_liczbowy" title="Arabski system liczbowy">Abdżad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_ormia%C5%84ski" title="Alfabet ormiański">Ormiański</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%82agolica_(system_liczbowy)" title="Głagolica (system liczbowy)">Głagolica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrylica_(system_liczbowy)" title="Cyrylica (system liczbowy)">Cyrylica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pismo_etiopskie#Cyfry" title="Pismo etiopskie">Gyyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grecki_system_liczbowy" title="Grecki system liczbowy">Grecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numeracja_Aryabhata" title="Numeracja Aryabhata">Aryabhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_hebrajski" title="Alfabet hebrajski">Hebrajski</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Inne</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyfry_attyckie" title="Cyfry attyckie">Attycki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sze%C5%9B%C4%87dziesi%C4%85tkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Sześćdziesiątkowy system liczbowy">Babiloński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egipski_system_liczbowy" title="Egipski system liczbowy">Egipski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfry_etruskie" title="Cyfry etruskie">Etruski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfry_Maj%C3%B3w" title="Cyfry Majów">Majów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipu" title="Kipu">Quipu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzymski_system_zapisywania_liczb" title="Rzymski system zapisywania liczb">Rzymski</a></li></ul> </div></div><div class="tr a2"><div class="navbox-group opis"><a href="/wiki/Systemy_pozycyjne" title="Systemy pozycyjne">Systemy pozycyjne</a> (podstawa)</div><div class="a2 hlist navbox-list spis navbox-even"> <p><a href="/wiki/Dziesi%C4%99tny_system_liczbowy" title="Dziesiętny system liczbowy">Dziesiętny</a> (10) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minus-dw%C3%B3jkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Minus-dwójkowy system liczbowy">−2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedynkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Jedynkowy system liczbowy">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dw%C3%B3jkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Dwójkowy system liczbowy">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B3jkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Trójkowy system liczbowy">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czw%C3%B3rkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Czwórkowy system liczbowy">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C4%85tkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Piątkowy system liczbowy">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%B3stkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Szóstkowy system liczbowy">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si%C3%B3demkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Siódemkowy system liczbowy">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93semkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Ósemkowy system liczbowy">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dziewi%C4%85tkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Dziewiątkowy system liczbowy">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwunastkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Dwunastkowy system liczbowy">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szesnastkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Szesnastkowy system liczbowy">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwudziestkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Dwudziestkowy system liczbowy">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sze%C5%9B%C4%87dziesi%C4%85tkowy_system_liczbowy" title="Sześćdziesiątkowy system liczbowy">60</a></li></ul> </div></div><div class="tr a3"><div class="navbox-group opis">Inne</div><div class="a3 hlist navbox-list spis navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82oty_system_liczbowy" title="Złoty system liczbowy">Złoty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Fibonacciego" title="System Fibonacciego">Fibonacciego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sko%C5%9Bny_system_dw%C3%B3jkowy" title="Skośny system dwójkowy">Skośny dwójkowy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silniowy_system_pozycyjny" title="Silniowy system pozycyjny">Silniowy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_resztowy" title="System resztowy">Resztowy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div><div class="hlist navbox-below below"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Systemy_liczbowe" title="Kategoria:Systemy liczbowe">więcej...</a></i> </p> <hr /> <ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Systemy_liczbowe" title="Szablon:Systemy liczbowe"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">pokaż</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Systemy_liczbowe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Systemy liczbowe (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">dyskusja</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Systemy_liczbowe&action=edit">edytuj</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:13-08-06-abu-dhabi-by-RalfR-102.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/13-08-06-abu-dhabi-by-RalfR-102.jpg/170px-13-08-06-abu-dhabi-by-RalfR-102.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/13-08-06-abu-dhabi-by-RalfR-102.jpg/255px-13-08-06-abu-dhabi-by-RalfR-102.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/13-08-06-abu-dhabi-by-RalfR-102.jpg/340px-13-08-06-abu-dhabi-by-RalfR-102.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>Europejskie i arabskie cyfry na znaku drogowym w <a href="/wiki/Abu_Zabi" title="Abu Zabi">Abu Zabi</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cyfry arabskie</b>, właściwie europeizowane <a href="/wiki/Cyfry_hinduskie" title="Cyfry hinduskie">cyfry hinduskie</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cyfra" title="Cyfra">cyfry</a> stosowane obecnie powszechnie na całym świecie do zapisywania <a href="/wiki/Liczba" title="Liczba">liczb</a>. Są to kolejno znaki: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 oraz 9 i pierwotnie służyły do zapisu liczb w <a href="/wiki/Dziesi%C4%99tny_system_liczbowy" title="Dziesiętny system liczbowy">systemie dziesiętnym</a>. Obecnie wykorzystywane również w pozostałych systemach (na przykład w szesnastkowym przy czym cyfry większe od 9 symbolizowane są kolejnymi literami <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_%C5%82aci%C5%84ski" title="Alfabet łaciński">alfabetu łacińskiego</a>). </p><p>Cyfry i dziesiętny system pozycyjny pochodzą z <a href="/wiki/Indie" title="Indie">Indii</a><sup id="cite_ref-OG_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OG-1">[1]</a></sup>, które około VII wieku najechali <a href="/wiki/Arabowie" title="Arabowie">Arabowie</a>. Uczeni arabscy wraz z poznaniem <a href="/wiki/Sanskryt" title="Sanskryt">sanskrytu</a> uzyskali dostęp do tej wiedzy. Cyfry weszły do powszechnego użytku, a ich propagatorem był perski matematyk <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Musa_al-Chuwarizmi" title="Muhammad ibn Musa al-Chuwarizmi">Muhammad ibn Musa al-Chuwarizmi</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>, który zastosował je do badań nad <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebrą</a> i <a href="/wiki/Trygonometria" title="Trygonometria">trygonometrią</a>. W <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aredniowiecze" title="Średniowiecze">średniowieczu</a> cyfry arabskie z systemem dziesiętnym rozprzestrzenili na zachód Arabowie<sup id="cite_ref-OG_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OG-1">[1]</a></sup> (stąd ich przyjęta w Europie nazwa), a ich propagatorem w Europie był włoski matematyk <a href="/wiki/Fibonacci" title="Fibonacci">Fibonacci</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>. </p><p>W systemie dziesiętnym wartość cyfry zależy od jej miejsca w szeregu. Zaczynając od prawej strony, pierwsze miejsce zajmują jednostki i przesuwając się w lewo, drugie miejsce zajmują dziesiątki, trzecie setki itd. Dodatkowo wprowadzono do niego wartość zerową, której nie było w poprzednich systemach<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen_L._Sass_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen_L._Sass-4">[4]</a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cyfry_arabskie_(w_krajach_arabskich)" title="Cyfry arabskie (w krajach arabskich)">Cyfry współcześnie używane w krajach arabskich</a> znacznie różnią się od nam znanych, dostosowanych do alfabetu łacińskiego, współczesnych cyfr arabskich i są to, kolejno, znaki: <big><span lang="ar">‏٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩‎</span></big>. <a href="/wiki/Liczba" title="Liczba">Liczby</a> za pomocą tych cyfr zapisywane są tak samo jak w systemie europejskim – czyli jedności po prawej. </p> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><span class="nomobile navigation-not-searchable"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span> </span><i>Osobny artykuł: <a href="/wiki/Cyfry_arabskie_(w_krajach_arabskich)" title="Cyfry arabskie (w krajach arabskich)">cyfry arabskie (w krajach arabskich)</a>.</i></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etniczne_warianty_dziesiętnych_cyfr_arabsko-indyjskich"><span id="Etniczne_warianty_dziesi.C4.99tnych_cyfr_arabsko-indyjskich"></span>Etniczne warianty dziesiętnych cyfr arabsko-indyjskich</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyfry_arabskie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Etniczne warianty dziesiętnych cyfr arabsko-indyjskich" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyfry_arabskie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Etniczne warianty dziesiętnych cyfr arabsko-indyjskich"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: x-large"> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-size: small">standardowe europejskie </th> <td><a href="/wiki/0" title="0">0</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_(liczba)" title="1 (liczba)">1</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2_(liczba)" title="2 (liczba)">2</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/3_(liczba)" title="3 (liczba)">3</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/4_(liczba)" title="4 (liczba)">4</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/5_(liczba)" title="5 (liczba)">5</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/6_(liczba)" title="6 (liczba)">6</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/7_(liczba)" title="7 (liczba)">7</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/8_(liczba)" title="8 (liczba)">8</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/9_(liczba)" title="9 (liczba)">9</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small"><a href="/wiki/Cyfry_arabskie_(w_krajach_arabskich)" title="Cyfry arabskie (w krajach arabskich)">arabskie</a> </th> <td>٠</td> <td>١</td> <td>٢</td> <td>٣</td> <td>٤</td> <td>٥</td> <td>٦</td> <td>٧</td> <td>٨</td> <td>٩ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small">wschodnio-arabskie </th> <td>۰</td> <td>۱</td> <td>۲</td> <td>۳</td> <td>۴</td> <td>۵</td> <td>۶</td> <td>۷</td> <td>۸</td> <td>۹ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small"><a href="/wiki/Pismo_dewanagari" title="Pismo dewanagari">dewanagari</a> </th> <td>०</td> <td>१</td> <td>२</td> <td>३</td> <td>४</td> <td>५</td> <td>६</td> <td>७</td> <td>८</td> <td>९ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small">bengalskie </th> <td>০</td> <td>১</td> <td>২</td> <td>৩</td> <td>৪</td> <td>৫</td> <td>৬</td> <td>৭</td> <td>৮</td> <td>৯ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small">gurmukhi </th> <td>੦</td> <td>੧</td> <td>੨</td> <td>੩</td> <td>੪</td> <td>੫</td> <td>੬</td> <td>੭</td> <td>੮</td> <td>੯ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small">gudżarati </th> <td>૦</td> <td>૧</td> <td>૨</td> <td>૩</td> <td>૪</td> <td>૫</td> <td>૬</td> <td>૭</td> <td>૮</td> <td>૯ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small">orija </th> <td>୦</td> <td>୧</td> <td>୨</td> <td>୩</td> <td>୪</td> <td>୫</td> <td>୬</td> <td>୭</td> <td>୮</td> <td>୯ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small">tamilskie </th> <td>௦</td> <td>௧</td> <td>௨</td> <td>௩</td> <td>௪</td> <td>௫</td> <td>௬</td> <td>௭</td> <td>௮</td> <td>௯ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small">telugu </th> <td>౦</td> <td>౧</td> <td>౨</td> <td>౩</td> <td>౪</td> <td>౫</td> <td>౬</td> <td>౭</td> <td>౮</td> <td>౯ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small">kannada </th> <td>೦</td> <td>೧</td> <td>೨</td> <td>೩</td> <td>೪</td> <td>೫</td> <td>೬</td> <td>೭</td> <td>೮</td> <td>೯ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small">malajalam </th> <td>൦</td> <td>൧</td> <td>൨</td> <td>൩</td> <td>൪</td> <td>൫</td> <td>൬</td> <td>൭</td> <td>൮</td> <td>൯ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small">tajskie </th> <td>๐</td> <td>๑</td> <td>๒</td> <td>๓</td> <td>๔</td> <td>๕</td> <td>๖</td> <td>๗</td> <td>๘</td> <td>๙ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small">laotańskie </th> <td>໐</td> <td>໑</td> <td>໒</td> <td>໓</td> <td>໔</td> <td>໕</td> <td>໖</td> <td>໗</td> <td>໘</td> <td>໙ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small">tybetańskie </th> <td>༠</td> <td>༡</td> <td>༢</td> <td>༣</td> <td>༤</td> <td>༥</td> <td>༦</td> <td>༧</td> <td>༨</td> <td>༩ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small"><a href="/wiki/Pismo_birma%C5%84skie" title="Pismo birmańskie">birmańskie</a> </th> <td>၀</td> <td>၁</td> <td>၂</td> <td>၃</td> <td>၄</td> <td>၅</td> <td>၆</td> <td>၇</td> <td>၈</td> <td>၉ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small">khmerskie </th> <td>០</td> <td>១</td> <td>២</td> <td>៣</td> <td>៤</td> <td>៥</td> <td>៦</td> <td>៧</td> <td>៨</td> <td>៩ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small">mongolskie </th> <td>᠐</td> <td>᠑</td> <td>᠒</td> <td>᠓</td> <td>᠔</td> <td>᠕</td> <td>᠖</td> <td>᠗</td> <td>᠘</td> <td>᠙ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small"><a href="/wiki/Pismo_limbu" title="Pismo limbu">limbu</a> </th> <td>᥆</td> <td>᥇</td> <td>᥈</td> <td>᥉</td> <td>᥊</td> <td>᥋</td> <td>᥌</td> <td>᥍</td> <td>᥎</td> <td>᥏ </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: small"><a href="/wiki/Nowe_pismo_tai_lue" title="Nowe pismo tai lue">nowe pismo tai lue</a> </th> <td>᧐</td> <td>᧑</td> <td>᧒</td> <td>᧓</td> <td>᧔</td> <td>᧕</td> <td>᧖</td> <td>᧗</td> <td>᧘</td> <td>᧙ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyfry_arabskie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyfry_arabskie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyfry_nautyczne" title="Cyfry nautyczne">cyfry nautyczne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzymski_system_zapisywania_liczb" title="Rzymski system zapisywania liczb">cyfry rzymskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfry_arabskie_(w_krajach_arabskich)" title="Cyfry arabskie (w krajach arabskich)">cyfry arabskie w krajach islamskich</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyfry_arabskie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyfry_arabskie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OG-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OG_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OG_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Owen</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Owen" style="display:none">O.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Gingerich</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Owen</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Owen">O.</span></span>, <i>Astronomia islamu (I)</i>, „<a href="/wiki/Urania_(czasopismo)" title="Urania (czasopismo)">Urania</a>” (8), sierpień 1989, s. 228<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1989-08&rft.jtitle=Urania&rft.atitle=Astronomia+islamu+%28I%29&rft.edition=8" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Stanisław R.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Stanisław R." style="display:none">S.R.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Brzostkewicz</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Stanisław R.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Stanisław R.">S.R.</span></span>, <i>Od Talesa do Kopernika</i>, „<a href="/wiki/Urania_(czasopismo)" title="Urania (czasopismo)">Urania</a>” (10), 1993, s. 271<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1993&rft.jtitle=Urania&rft.atitle=Od+Talesa+do+Kopernika&rft.edition=10" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Rafał</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Rafał" style="display:none">R.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Maciąg</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Rafał</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Rafał">R.</span></span>, <i>Deus ex machina: Nowe media i ich projekt poznawczy</i>, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2012, s. 152, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788323333753" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788323333753">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-233-3375-3</span></a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.aufirst=Rafa%C5%82&rft.aulast=Maci%C4%85g&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-83-233-3375-3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Deus+ex+machina%3A+Nowe+media+i+ich+projekt+poznawczy&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Uniwersytetu+Jagiello%C5%84skiego" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stephen_L._Sass-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Stephen_L._Sass_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Stephen L.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Stephen L." style="display:none">S.L.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Sass</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Stephen L.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Stephen L.">S.L.</span></span>, <i>Materia cywilizacji. Od kamienia i gliny po krzem</i>, Warszawa: Świat książki, 2000, s. 134-135, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8372274584" title="Specjalna:Książki/8372274584">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-7227-458-4</span></a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.aufirst=Stephen+L.&rft.aulast=Sass&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=83-7227-458-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Materia+cywilizacji.+Od+kamienia+i+gliny+po+krzem&rft.pub=%C5%9Awiat+ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Cyfra" title="Cyfra">cyfra</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph1086044">ph1086044</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hindu-Arabic-numerals">topic/Hindu-Arabic-numerals</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=arabiske_tall">arabiske_tall</a></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyfry_arabskie&oldid=73415576">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyfry_arabskie&oldid=73415576</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Systemy_liczbowe" title="Kategoria:Systemy liczbowe">Systemy liczbowe</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 4 kwi 2024, 10:49.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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